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北京市东城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市东城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市东城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末统一测试英语试卷Word版含解析docx、北京市东城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末统一测试英语试卷Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When 19-year ld Alice Dickinsn fund ut her father had cancer, her ___1___ was a little different than yu might expect. T hnr her father, wh she als describes as her best friend, she decided t start a bk drive called Fr Lve, ___2___ bks fr kids with cancer.
“It was very much an vernight idea,” she explains. “I psted a message n an app asking my neighbrs fr used bk dnatins. I was nly expecting a few here and there, but the respnse was truly ___3___ and it was just the push I needed t c-exist with my sadness rather than letting it ___4___ me.”
“It was abslutely heartbreaking t watch my dad ___5___ cancer and see him lse a little bit f himself each day, but the bk drive allwed me t ___6___ a newfund sense f purpse mixed with an even greater sense f sympathy and desire t help thers. I wanted t help ___7___. They’ve always held a sft spt in my heart.”
Using the ___8___ she earns frm wrking at her parents’ bread shp, Alice has bught many bks ut f her wn pcket. In additin, she receives dnatins thrugh her nline wishlist. Alice spent a whle summer driving arund twn, lading bxes f bks int her car. “It was such a unique experience t knw peple had carried these bks all their lives thrugh generatins, and they wanted t ___9___ them t my cause.”
The prject has seen a huge ___10___, with Fr Lve dnating ver 15,000 bks and being widely recgnized by the media.
1. A. sufferingB. explanatinC. respnseD. treatment
2. A. writingB. prmtingC. readingD. cllecting
3. A. apprpriateB. incredibleC. familiarD. immediate
4. A. excuseB. cnsumeC. dismissD. tuch
5. A. thrw ffB. keep frmC. lk intD. g thrugh
6. A. evaluateB. develpC. regainD. prvide
7. A. kidsB. neighbrsC. friendsD. parents
8. A. creditB. interestC. awardsD. tips
9. A. giftB. lendC. submitD. mail
10. A. marketB. prfitC. successD. demand
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My six-year-ld daughter, Rna, listened attentively t the radi n the hardships peple suffered ___11___ pr areas. It was the day after Rna’s birthday and her grandmther had given her sme mney. When the ffering basket came arund, Rna ___12___ (reach) int her pcket, pulled ut her birthday mney, and put it in the basket. “Yur grandmther wanted yu t use that t buy smething nice fr ___13___ (yu),” I said. “I did,” Rna replied with a big smile. “I bught happiness.”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sme peple are living very lng lives. What are sme f their secrets t lngevity? ___14___(eat) the right fd plays a big rle. Exercise is als imprtant. A study fund that peple wh exercised at ___15___(recmmend) levels gained 3-4 years f life cmpared t thse ___16___ were inactive. In additin, there is als a link between happiness and lifespan — happy peple with a psitive utlk n life tend t live ___17___(lng) and experience better health than their unhappy peers.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study shws 176 bird species have been fund t build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. ___18___ wrries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study ___19___ (review) research cvering almst 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests n all cntinents except Antarctica. While such behaviur ___20___ (bserve) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undubtedly increased.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Cnnected t each ther like never befre, yung peple tday are becming agents f change, increasingly cntributing t innvative slutins that imprve peple’s lives and the planet’s health.
The United Natins Institute fr Training and Research is therefre delighted t launch the Yung Leaders Online Training Prgramme, a fur-week e-Learning curse, t prvide participants with the knwledge and skills t fully unfld their ptential as glbal leaders.
◆CONTENT
◇Online Learning Mdules
Mdule 1: The United Natins (3-9 June 2024)
Mdule 2: Cnference Diplmacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024)
Mdule 3: Sustainable Develpment Gals (17-23 June 2024)
Mdule 4: Internatinal Cmmunicatin (24-30 June 2024)
Each mdule will cmprise abut 30 pages f literature, external links, vides, and ther relevant material, crrespnding t a ttal wrklad f 40-45 hurs during the fur weeks.
◇Live Cmpnents
Each e-Learning mdule will g with a series f live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and frmats, including e-wrkshps, mck (模拟的) interviews, etc.
◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS
Participants are qualified fr a curse certificate upn successful cmpletin f the cmpnents belw:
◇Reading the fur mdules’ cntent. Yu may wish t study the material thrugh the interactive prgramme Articulate Stryline r simply dwnlad the PDF versin f the cntent. They are identical in cntent and are meant t give participants flexibility in the way t study.
◇Participatin in the discussin bard frums (论坛). Yu are suppsed t answer questins n every mdule in shrt texts. Yur psts will be evaluated accrding t bth quantity and quality.
◇Passing the multiple-chice assessments. Each mdule features an assessment quiz at its end. It cntains 10 questins and passing the mdule requires at least 8 ut f 10 questins crrectly answered.
21. What is the main aim f the curse?
A. T imprve the lives f yung peple.B. T cnnect the yuth arund the wrld.
C T cllect innvative ideas frm yung peple.D. T build up the yuth’s glbal leadership ability.
22. What will participants d in each mdule?
A. Read great wrks f literature.B. Spend 40-45 hurs n learning.
C. Make vides fr the United Natins.D. Have nline meetings with UN experts.
23. T get a curse certificate, a participant needs t ______.
A. take part in the discussinsB. pst questins n each mdule
C. cpy the PDF versin f the cntentD. answer all the test questins crrectly
B
When I first heard abut the imprv(即兴表演) classes, I was trn. As an intrvert, I feared getting n stage and imprvising in frnt f strangers. Hwever, I knew I wanted t wrk as a science cmmunicatr after finishing my Ph.D., s it seemed like the perfect pprtunity t imprve my speaking ability and gain cnfidence thinking n my feet.
During ur first class, we learned a cre cncept f imprv: “yes, and.” It means that, as imprvisers, we accept what fellw perfrmers say. If smene says that rhins(犀牛) are librarians, fr example, then rhins are librarians. We d nt questin the lgic; we say “yes” and cntinue with the scene as if n him is wrng.
I gt a taste f hw difficult that was when acting ut my first scene. My classmate turned t me and said, “Mm is ging t be s mad.” Mad abut what? My mind spun ut ideas, and my inner critic sht them all dwn. We brke the car? N, that’s t easy. We failed a test? N, yu dn’t want yur classmates thinking yu’re stupid n the first day. I finally landed n an answer: “Yes, we’re ging t be late fr dinner.” The scene prceeded frm there, and we eventually finished as tw sisters wh lst their way n a hiking trail.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned int mnths, I became mre cmfrtable thinking n my feet and even started t enjy ur classes. I never silenced my inner critic entirely, but ver time, I didn’t plice my wrds with quite s much effrt. I als became better at listening, relating t my cnversatin partners, and cmmunicating clearly in the mment.
That training prved useful 6 mnths ag, when my experiments generated unreasnable data. Early n in graduate schl, I wuld get stuck when this happened; my inner critic wuld assume I had made a mistake. But then, after embracing the “yes, and” cncept, instead f getting discuraged, I kept explring the data and ended up identifying a new type f cell—ne that wasn’t behaving as expected. If I hadn’t accepted the pssibility that the results were real, I wuld have missed ut n the mst exciting finding f my Ph.D. s far.
All scientists can benefit frm this lessn. If the data say rhins are librarians, then it’s wrth investigating whether rhins are, in fact, librarians. Our jb as scientists isn’t t generate data that supprt a precnceived(预想的) stry. Our jb is t say “yes, and.”
24. Why did the authr take the imprv classes?
A. T imprve her lgical mind.B. T finish her Ph. D. assignment.
C. T develp her cmmunicatin skills.D. T pursue her interest in perfrmance.
25. Hw did the authr feel during the first scene?
A. Cnflicted.B. Bred.C. Discuraged.D. Embarrassed.
26. Accrding t the authr, in her experiments, “yes, and” helped her ______.
A. accept failuresB. make a new discvery
C. make up fr a mistakeD. crrect unreasnable data
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. The unknwn can be an inspiratin.B. The unexpected can be rewarding,
C. The unfrtunate can be a chance.D. The unusual can be decisive.
C
When we’re slving a cmplicated prblem, we ften gather a grup t brainstrm. We’re lking t get the best ideas as quickly as pssible. I lve seeing it happen — except fr ne tiny wrinkle. Grup brainstrming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.” But the prblem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s hw we run them.
Think abut the brainstrming sessins yu’ve attended. Yu’ve prbably seen peple bite their tngues due t eg threat (“I dn’t want t lk stupid.”), nise (“We can’t all talk at nce.”), and cnfrmity pressure (“Let’s all jump n the bss’s ship!”). Gdbye diversity f thught, hell grupthink.
T unearth the hidden ptential in teams instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are sl. Yu start by asking everyne t generate ideas separately. Next, yu pl them and share them amng the grup. T preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them n their wn. Only then des the team cme tgether t select and refine the mst prmising ptins. By develping and assessing ideas individually befre chsing them, teams can surface and advance pssibilities that might nt get attentin therwise.
Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. They find that a key t cllective intelligence is full and fair participatin. In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsided in favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and all vice s are brught int the cnversatin. The gal isn’t t be the smartest persn in the rm — it’s t make the rm smarter.
Cllective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it desn’t end there. Individuals prduce a greater vlume and variety f nvel ideas when they wrk alne. That means that they cme up with mre brilliant ideas than grups — but als mre terrible ideas than grups. It takes cllective judgment t find the signal in the nise and bring the best ideas t fruitin.
28. Bth Jhn Smith and the authr may agree that brainstrming meetings fail t ______.
A. assess humans ptentialB. simplify prblems quickly
C. accept pssible gd ideasD. get the mst ut f individuals
29. What des the underlined wrd “lpsided” in Paragraph 5 mst prbably mean?
A. Infrmal.B. Unbalanced.C. Imprper.D. Unpleasant.
30. The authr writes this passage mainly t ______.
A. challenge a cnclusinB. make a cmparisn
C advcate a practiceD. intrduce a research
D
Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There’ll be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritise the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a radmap t a lw-carbn future.
That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. But we shuld als be cautius, as new technlgies, such as AI, may be hard t cntrl.
AI will undubtedly becme mre intrusive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins.
Actually, it’s beynd Earth that AI has the mst enrmus ptential. Humans may have established bases beynd Earth by the year 2100．But dn’t ever expect mass emigratin (移民) frm Earth. It’s a false belief that space ffers an escape frm ur prblems. Dealing with climate change n Earth is a piece f cake cmpared t terrafrming Mars.
Nevertheless, we shuld cheer n these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted t a Martian habitat, s they’ll have a super mtive t redesign themselves. It’s they, nt thse f us adapted t life n Earth, wh will pineer the pst-human era (时代).
If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligences they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe.
But let’s re fcus frm the science fictin f the far future. clser t the here and nw. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billin-year histry where ne species-urs—hlds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence culd initiate billins f years f pst-human evlutin (演化), even mre amazing than that which led t us. On the ther hand, humans culd cause bilgical, envirnmental r cyber catastrphes that freclse all this ptential.
If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide.
31. Why des the authr mentin the tw trends in the first paragraph?
A. T reply t gvernments’ decisins.B. T shw scientists’ predictin ability.
C. T present a call fr scientific advances.D. T highlight the challenges t scientists.
32. Accrding t this passage, AI can ______.
A. put an end t climate changeB. make mass human emigratin pssible
C. speed up the cmpetitin in medical fieldsD. bring abut ptential threats frm big cmpanies
33. As fr the future, what des the authr agree with?
A. Pst-humans will repeat the histry f humans.
B. Cmplex intelligence will dminate the universe.
C. Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit uter space.
D. Nn-bilgical brains may invite unfreseen disasters.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Culd AI Save Us?B. Will Science Lead Evlutin?
C. Arc Space Adventurers Pineers?D. Is Cmplex Intelligence Cming?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science f Cmfrt Fd
Certain fds always give us much pleasure. ___35___ Hwever, much f the happiness we get frm ur favrite fds cmes frm the memries they bring t us and the peple we’re with while we enjy them.
___36___ That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d.
Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. ___37___ And many favrite American cmfrt fds—chili, say—are nt particularly sweet r high in carbhydrates (碳水化合物). Often we lve fd because we have fnd memries assciated with it. One dish I cannt live withut at a New Year party is my mm’s Snwy Mashed Ptates, which remind me f hliday jy and past reunins with extended family.
___38___ Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache.
In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. ___39___ And ur gustatry (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense f cmmunity, a sense f warmth and enjying it tgether”. I appreciate my mum’s ptates even mre tday when I eat them with my husband and tw children.
A. Fd is essential fr ur survival.
B. These assciatins can g the ther way, t.
C. We desire cmfrt fds when we feel lnely.
D. It shapes hw much we enjy them in the mment.
E. Their taste and nutritinal cntent affect hw we feel.
F. Our memry fr smell can be lng-lasting and precise.
G. After all, different cultures have different cmfrt fds.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Smartphnes have becme a big part f peple’s lives. When we temprarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling f anxiety r panic. Sme psychlgists have called it “nmphbia”. Thankfully, I rde thrugh the withdrawal f my smartphne and it was shrt-lived.
When I gt my first smartphne ver a decade ag, I lved it. It gave me instant access t my music, a wrld f infrmatin and thusands f phts and vides. But ver time, I became increasingly ambivalent abut its rle in my life. I wuld repeatedly refresh my email, shp nline fr stuff I didn’t need and cnstantly scrll thrugh the latest news. I’d ften cmplain t my husband and t my seven-year-ld sn, Luis, that I felt trapped by it.
Then, ne day last summer, while I was playing with Luis, I was nce again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me f my cmplaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mmmy, just give it up already!”
I decided t try. Instead f ging cld turkey — n cellphne at all — I bught a flip phne. With n tuch screen, texting is time-cnsuming. Once, while trying t catch up n texts with a friend, I finally gt frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spken t her since her big mve. It made a difference t hear bth the excitement in her vice as she described seeing the nrthern lights and her sadness in being away frm a sick parent.
Nwadays, peple may prefer text-based cmmunicatin ver using the phne because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were frced t cnnect vice t vice, we wuld find urselves mre bnded t that persn.
Wuyu Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nmphbia as a reliance that’s been placed upn us. “Whenever smething is designed t make a chice easier, it’s called a behaviural nudge,” he explains, adding that the mre central t ur lives the smartphne’s functins are, the mre prisned we becme.
Ultimately, thugh, that sense f dependence is false. As I’ve fund, yu can d all the things yu need t d in ther ways. It’s nt always cnvenient, but I knw I’m much calmer n a regular basis withut my smartphne.
40. What des “nmphbia” refer t?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why did the authr decide t give up her smartphne?
____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne.
____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart frm the ways mentined in the passage, what can yu d t avid “nmphbia”? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括：
1．活动介绍；
2．评委职责。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When 19-year ld Alice Dickinsn fund ut her father had cancer, her ___1___ was a little different than yu might expect. T hnr her father, wh she als describes as her best friend, she decided t start a bk drive called Fr Lve, ___2___ bks fr kids with cancer.
“It was very much an vernight idea,” she explains. “I psted a message n an app asking my neighbrs fr used bk dnatins. I was nly expecting a few here and there, but the respnse was truly ___3___ and it was just the push I needed t c-exist with my sadness rather than letting it ___4___ me.”
“It was abslutely heartbreaking t watch my dad ___5___ cancer and see him lse a little bit f himself each day, but the bk drive allwed me t ___6___ a newfund sense f purpse mixed with an even greater sense f sympathy and desire t help thers. I wanted t help ___7___. They’ve always held a sft spt in my heart.”
Using the ___8___ she earns frm wrking at her parents’ bread shp, Alice has bught many bks ut f her wn pcket. In additin, she receives dnatins thrugh her nline wishlist. Alice spent a whle summer driving arund twn, lading bxes f bks int her car. “It was such a unique experience t knw peple had carried these bks all their lives thrugh generatins, and they wanted t ___9___ them t my cause.”
The prject has seen a huge ___10___, with Fr Lve dnating ver 15,000 bks and being widely recgnized by the media.
1. A. sufferingB. explanatinC. respnseD. treatment
2. A. writingB. prmtingC. readingD. cllecting
3. A. apprpriateB. incredibleC. familiarD. immediate
4. A. excuseB. cnsumeC. dismissD. tuch
5. A. thrw ffB. keep frmC. lk intD. g thrugh
6. A. evaluateB. develpC. regainD. prvide
7. A. kidsB. neighbrsC. friendsD. parents
8. A. creditB. interestC. awardsD. tips
9. A. giftB. lendC. submitD. mail
10. A. marketB. prfitC. successD. demand
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My six-year-ld daughter, Rna, listened attentively t the radi n the hardships peple suffered ___11___ pr areas. It was the day after Rna’s birthday and her grandmther had given her sme mney. When the ffering basket came arund, Rna ___12___ (reach) int her pcket, pulled ut her birthday mney, and put it in the basket. “Yur grandmther wanted yu t use that t buy smething nice fr ___13___ (yu),” I said. “I did,” Rna replied with a big smile. “I bught happiness.”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sme peple are living very lng lives. What are sme f their secrets t lngevity? ___14___(eat) the right fd plays a big rle. Exercise is als imprtant. A study fund that peple wh exercised at ___15___(recmmend) levels gained 3-4 years f life cmpared t thse ___16___ were inactive. In additin, there is als a link between happiness and lifespan — happy peple with a psitive utlk n life tend t live ___17___(lng) and experience better health than their unhappy peers.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study shws 176 bird species have been fund t build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. ___18___ wrries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study ___19___ (review) research cvering almst 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests n all cntinents except Antarctica. While such behaviur ___20___ (bserve) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undubtedly increased.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Cnnected t each ther like never befre, yung peple tday are becming agents f change, increasingly cntributing t innvative slutins that imprve peple’s lives and the planet’s health.
The United Natins Institute fr Training and Research is therefre delighted t launch the Yung Leaders Online Training Prgramme, a fur-week e-Learning curse, t prvide participants with the knwledge and skills t fully unfld their ptential as glbal leaders.
◆CONTENT
◇Online Learning Mdules
Mdule 1: The United Natins (3-9 June 2024)
Mdule 2: Cnference Diplmacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024)
Mdule 3: Sustainable Develpment Gals (17-23 June 2024)
Mdule 4: Internatinal Cmmunicatin (24-30 June 2024)
Each mdule will cmprise abut 30 pages f literature, external links, vides, and ther relevant material, crrespnding t a ttal wrklad f 40-45 hurs during the fur weeks.
◇Live Cmpnents
Each e-Learning mdule will g with a series f live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and frmats, including e-wrkshps, mck (模拟的) interviews, etc.
◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS
Participants are qualified fr a curse certificate upn successful cmpletin f the cmpnents belw:
◇Reading the fur mdules’ cntent. Yu may wish t study the material thrugh the interactive prgramme Articulate Stryline r simply dwnlad the PDF versin f the cntent. They are identical in cntent and are meant t give participants flexibility in the way t study.
◇Participatin in the discussin bard frums (论坛). Yu are suppsed t answer questins n every mdule in shrt texts. Yur psts will be evaluated accrding t bth quantity and quality.
◇Passing the multiple-chice assessments. Each mdule features an assessment quiz at its end. It cntains 10 questins and passing the mdule requires at least 8 ut f 10 questins crrectly answered.
21. What is the main aim f the curse?
A. T imprve the lives f yung peple.B. T cnnect the yuth arund the wrld.
C T cllect innvative ideas frm yung peple.D. T build up the yuth’s glbal leadership ability.
22. What will participants d in each mdule?
A. Read great wrks f literature.B. Spend 40-45 hurs n learning.
C. Make vides fr the United Natins.D. Have nline meetings with UN experts.
23. T get a curse certificate, a participant needs t ______.
A. take part in the discussinsB. pst questins n each mdule
C. cpy the PDF versin f the cntentD. answer all the test questins crrectly
B
When I first heard abut the imprv(即兴表演) classes, I was trn. As an intrvert, I feared getting n stage and imprvising in frnt f strangers. Hwever, I knew I wanted t wrk as a science cmmunicatr after finishing my Ph.D., s it seemed like the perfect pprtunity t imprve my speaking ability and gain cnfidence thinking n my feet.
During ur first class, we learned a cre cncept f imprv: “yes, and.” It means that, as imprvisers, we accept what fellw perfrmers say. If smene says that rhins(犀牛) are librarians, fr example, then rhins are librarians. We d nt questin the lgic; we say “yes” and cntinue with the scene as if n him is wrng.
I gt a taste f hw difficult that was when acting ut my first scene. My classmate turned t me and said, “Mm is ging t be s mad.” Mad abut what? My mind spun ut ideas, and my inner critic sht them all dwn. We brke the car? N, that’s t easy. We failed a test? N, yu dn’t want yur classmates thinking yu’re stupid n the first day. I finally landed n an answer: “Yes, we’re ging t be late fr dinner.” The scene prceeded frm there, and we eventually finished as tw sisters wh lst their way n a hiking trail.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned int mnths, I became mre cmfrtable thinking n my feet and even started t enjy ur classes. I never silenced my inner critic entirely, but ver time, I didn’t plice my wrds with quite s much effrt. I als became better at listening, relating t my cnversatin partners, and cmmunicating clearly in the mment.
That training prved useful 6 mnths ag, when my experiments generated unreasnable data. Early n in graduate schl, I wuld get stuck when this happened; my inner critic wuld assume I had made a mistake. But then, after embracing the “yes, and” cncept, instead f getting discuraged, I kept explring the data and ended up identifying a new type f cell—ne that wasn’t behaving as expected. If I hadn’t accepted the pssibility that the results were real, I wuld have missed ut n the mst exciting finding f my Ph.D. s far.
All scientists can benefit frm this lessn. If the data say rhins are librarians, then it’s wrth investigating whether rhins are, in fact, librarians. Our jb as scientists isn’t t generate data that supprt a precnceived(预想的) stry. Our jb is t say “yes, and.”
24. Why did the authr take the imprv classes?
A. T imprve her lgical mind.B. T finish her Ph. D. assignment.
C. T develp her cmmunicatin skills.D. T pursue her interest in perfrmance.
25. Hw did the authr feel during the first scene?
A. Cnflicted.B. Bred.C. Discuraged.D. Embarrassed.
26. Accrding t the authr, in her experiments, “yes, and” helped her ______.
A. accept failuresB. make a new discvery
C. make up fr a mistakeD. crrect unreasnable data
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. The unknwn can be an inspiratin.B. The unexpected can be rewarding,
C. The unfrtunate can be a chance.D. The unusual can be decisive.
C
When we’re slving a cmplicated prblem, we ften gather a grup t brainstrm. We’re lking t get the best ideas as quickly as pssible. I lve seeing it happen — except fr ne tiny wrinkle. Grup brainstrming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.” But the prblem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s hw we run them.
Think abut the brainstrming sessins yu’ve attended. Yu’ve prbably seen peple bite their tngues due t eg threat (“I dn’t want t lk stupid.”), nise (“We can’t all talk at nce.”), and cnfrmity pressure (“Let’s all jump n the bss’s ship!”). Gdbye diversity f thught, hell grupthink.
T unearth the hidden ptential in teams instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are sl. Yu start by asking everyne t generate ideas separately. Next, yu pl them and share them amng the grup. T preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them n their wn. Only then des the team cme tgether t select and refine the mst prmising ptins. By develping and assessing ideas individually befre chsing them, teams can surface and advance pssibilities that might nt get attentin therwise.
Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. They find that a key t cllective intelligence is full and fair participatin. In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsided in favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and all vice s are brught int the cnversatin. The gal isn’t t be the smartest persn in the rm — it’s t make the rm smarter.
Cllective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it desn’t end there. Individuals prduce a greater vlume and variety f nvel ideas when they wrk alne. That means that they cme up with mre brilliant ideas than grups — but als mre terrible ideas than grups. It takes cllective judgment t find the signal in the nise and bring the best ideas t fruitin.
28. Bth Jhn Smith and the authr may agree that brainstrming meetings fail t ______.
A. assess humans ptentialB. simplify prblems quickly
C. accept pssible gd ideasD. get the mst ut f individuals
29. What des the underlined wrd “lpsided” in Paragraph 5 mst prbably mean?
A. Infrmal.B. Unbalanced.C. Imprper.D. Unpleasant.
30. The authr writes this passage mainly t ______.
A. challenge a cnclusinB. make a cmparisn
C advcate a practiceD. intrduce a research
D
Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There’ll be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritise the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a radmap t a lw-carbn future.
That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. But we shuld als be cautius, as new technlgies, such as AI, may be hard t cntrl.
AI will undubtedly becme mre intrusive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins.
Actually, it’s beynd Earth that AI has the mst enrmus ptential. Humans may have established bases beynd Earth by the year 2100．But dn’t ever expect mass emigratin (移民) frm Earth. It’s a false belief that space ffers an escape frm ur prblems. Dealing with climate change n Earth is a piece f cake cmpared t terrafrming Mars.
Nevertheless, we shuld cheer n these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted t a Martian habitat, s they’ll have a super mtive t redesign themselves. It’s they, nt thse f us adapted t life n Earth, wh will pineer the pst-human era (时代).
If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligences they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe.
But let’s re fcus frm the science fictin f the far future. clser t the here and nw. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billin-year histry where ne species-urs—hlds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence culd initiate billins f years f pst-human evlutin (演化), even mre amazing than that which led t us. On the ther hand, humans culd cause bilgical, envirnmental r cyber catastrphes that freclse all this ptential.
If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide.
31. Why des the authr mentin the tw trends in the first paragraph?
A. T reply t gvernments’ decisins.B. T shw scientists’ predictin ability.
C. T present a call fr scientific advances.D. T highlight the challenges t scientists.
32. Accrding t this passage, AI can ______.
A. put an end t climate changeB. make mass human emigratin pssible
C. speed up the cmpetitin in medical fieldsD. bring abut ptential threats frm big cmpanies
33. As fr the future, what des the authr agree with?
A. Pst-humans will repeat the histry f humans.
B. Cmplex intelligence will dminate the universe.
C. Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit uter space.
D. Nn-bilgical brains may invite unfreseen disasters.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Culd AI Save Us?B. Will Science Lead Evlutin?
C. Arc Space Adventurers Pineers?D. Is Cmplex Intelligence Cming?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science f Cmfrt Fd
Certain fds always give us much pleasure. ___35___ Hwever, much f the happiness we get frm ur favrite fds cmes frm the memries they bring t us and the peple we’re with while we enjy them.
___36___ That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d.
Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. ___37___ And many favrite American cmfrt fds—chili, say—are nt particularly sweet r high in carbhydrates (碳水化合物). Often we lve fd because we have fnd memries assciated with it. One dish I cannt live withut at a New Year party is my mm’s Snwy Mashed Ptates, which remind me f hliday jy and past reunins with extended family.
___38___ Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache.
In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. ___39___ And ur gustatry (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense f cmmunity, a sense f warmth and enjying it tgether”. I appreciate my mum’s ptates even mre tday when I eat them with my husband and tw children.
A. Fd is essential fr ur survival.
B. These assciatins can g the ther way, t.
C. We desire cmfrt fds when we feel lnely.
D. It shapes hw much we enjy them in the mment.
E. Their taste and nutritinal cntent affect hw we feel.
F. Our memry fr smell can be lng-lasting and precise.
G. After all, different cultures have different cmfrt fds.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Smartphnes have becme a big part f peple’s lives. When we temprarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling f anxiety r panic. Sme psychlgists have called it “nmphbia”. Thankfully, I rde thrugh the withdrawal f my smartphne and it was shrt-lived.
When I gt my first smartphne ver a decade ag, I lved it. It gave me instant access t my music, a wrld f infrmatin and thusands f phts and vides. But ver time, I became increasingly ambivalent abut its rle in my life. I wuld repeatedly refresh my email, shp nline fr stuff I didn’t need and cnstantly scrll thrugh the latest news. I’d ften cmplain t my husband and t my seven-year-ld sn, Luis, that I felt trapped by it.
Then, ne day last summer, while I was playing with Luis, I was nce again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me f my cmplaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mmmy, just give it up already!”
I decided t try. Instead f ging cld turkey — n cellphne at all — I bught a flip phne. With n tuch screen, texting is time-cnsuming. Once, while trying t catch up n texts with a friend, I finally gt frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spken t her since her big mve. It made a difference t hear bth the excitement in her vice as she described seeing the nrthern lights and her sadness in being away frm a sick parent.
Nwadays, peple may prefer text-based cmmunicatin ver using the phne because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were frced t cnnect vice t vice, we wuld find urselves mre bnded t that persn.
Wuyu Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nmphbia as a reliance that’s been placed upn us. “Whenever smething is designed t make a chice easier, it’s called a behaviural nudge,” he explains, adding that the mre central t ur lives the smartphne’s functins are, the mre prisned we becme.
Ultimately, thugh, that sense f dependence is false. As I’ve fund, yu can d all the things yu need t d in ther ways. It’s nt always cnvenient, but I knw I’m much calmer n a regular basis withut my smartphne.
40. What des “nmphbia” refer t?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why did the authr decide t give up her smartphne?
____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne.
____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart frm the ways mentined in the passage, what can yu d t avid “nmphbia”? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括：
1．活动介绍；
2．评委职责。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
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