新高考英语二轮复习大题突破+限时集训专题04 阅读理解议论文（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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议论文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅理解中的CD篇，主要考查学生的图辑思维能力。从文章中的细节、主旨以及写作意图等方面着手、学生能从中总结出一个论点出来。议论文是说理性的文章， 通常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论组成。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。
A cmpany in Yancheng, Jiangsu prvince, reprtedly intrduced an internal dcument requiring all emplyees t stp using iPhnes. Thse wh cntinue using iPhnes culd lse their jbs while thse wh switch t Huawei wuld get subsidies, the dcument said.
Asked why, a senir cmpany executive said the mve was t ensure the security f infrmatin and cmmercial secrets, and t encurage all t supprt dmestic brands. Sme enterprises and agencies might have security cncerns, but fr the cmpany invlved that seems unlikely, and it seems t be mre f a publicity ply.
There have been instances in the past, t, f ther private cmpanies frbidding emplyees frm using iPhnes and insisting they supprt Chinese brands.
At a time when the United States gvernment is frcing US cmpanies t stp ding business with Huawei, it is gd t see Chinese cmpatrits (同胞) supprting Chinese brands. Hwever, it isn’t Apple that is stpping supplying chips and ther high-tech parts t Huawei. It is US pliticians. The president has als issued executive rders t shut dwn Tik Tk s as t frce it t sell its US businesses t an American cmpany.
The best way t supprt Chinese cmpanies is t speak ut against thse US pliticians. It is advisable, fr example, t create awareness amng friends in the US abut the ways in which these pliticians are harming bth Chinese and US interests.
Byctting US brands such as Apple is nt at all advisable. It nt nly vilates (侵犯) an individual’s persnal right t chse what he r she likes, it als creates a lt f misunderstanding. Of curse, rganizatins that deal with critical infrmatin can ask their emplyees t use dmestic brands. But that must be dne legally.
Even Huawei funder Ren Zhengfei said that patritism shuld nt decide whether ne wants an iPhne r a Huawei. He said that he had bught Apple cmputers fr his family and that his cmpany must learn frm its cmpetitrs.
1．The underlined wrd “subsidies” in Paragraph 1 prbably means .
A．jbs
B．bnus
C．punishment
D．cmpliment
2．Why did the cmpany require its emplyees t stp using iPhnes accrding t its leadership?
A．They thught the cmpany’s secret infrmatin might be stlen by iPhnes.
B．They felt guilt and shame at using iPhnes.
C．They had t bey the rder f the lcal gvernment.
D．They thught using iPhnes was an act f shwing ff.
3．Accrding t the passage all the fllwing statements are true EXCEPT that________.
A．sme enterprises and individuals dn’t use iPhnes t take their patritic stand
B．Apple is stpping supplying chips t Huawei
C．byctting US brands is nt at all wise and apprpriate
D．Ren Zhengfei and his family als use Apple prducts
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．We Need t Unite Against Using iPhnes
B．One Cmpany Ply Matters t One Cuntry’s Future
C．Can’t Frce Huawei t Be Apple f One’s Eye
D．Chinese Cmpatrits - Let’s Switch t Huawei
第一，抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。
第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：
1.Put frward a questin →Analyze the questin →Slve the questin这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。
2. Argument/Idea → Evidence → Cnclusin/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。
在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。
（一）、Math and music are tw entirely different fields f study,but there is a strng relevance between them. At sme pint, they tend t verlap, and it is cmmn fr peple gd at math t be gd at music. It may seem illgical t cmpare the tw, but there are mre similarities between math and music than yu wuld imagine.
Numbers can tell us mre abut music. Sunds strange but it’s true. Music is divided int sectins that are called measures, where each measure has equal amunts f beats. This is cmparable t mathematical divisins f time. Nw, each piece f music will tell us hw many beats there are in each measure. All the music ntes have numerical cnnectins and a number f beats. It is imprtant t understand the value f fractins (分数) and ntes t cunt the music crrectly.
The biggest similarity between math and music in pattern. Fr example, music has repeating chruses while math uses patterns t explain the unknwn. Yu can use different mathematical phenmena in music. These include gemetry (几何学), signal prcessing, etc. In fact, research has shwn that when music shws sme mathematical structure, it tends t be mre ppular.
In additin t their shared elements, math and music can be taught using the principles f bth. A student wh enjys math and music can benefit frm bth. Fr example, music cam enhance cgnitin and reasning skills. Fr instance, Einstein listened t music when slving math prblems t increase clarity. Similarly, playing music can imprve cgnitin, as it increases cmmunicatin between the tw brains.
Music is a gateway t many things, and until nw, yu prbably didn’t realize that it’s just as demanding, analytical, lgical and scientific as math. Smething as simple as learning “Mary Had a Little Lamb” n the pian is actually setting yur child up fr bigger and better things; maybe they’ll pick up Pythagras (毕达哥拉斯) in a flash, maybe they’ll be a genius in math, perhaps they’ll ne day discver their wn thery f relativity.
1．What des the authr think abut math and music?
A．Math and music are deeply intertwined.
B．Music is a ttally different subject frm math.
C．It sunds reasnable t cmpare math and music.
D．Peple expert at math all tend t be music lvers.
2．What’s mainly abut the paragraph 2?
A．Measure is a piece f music.B．Math helps in reading music.
C．Music sund appears strange.D．Music beats equal t math numbers.
3．What statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A．Patterns are cmmn in bth math and music.
B．Certain music skills are practised via chruses.
C．Music principle seems easier than mathematics.
D．Reasning skills in math chiefly rely n music.
4．What message des the last paragraph cnvey?
A．Musical invlvement prmtes t be a genius.
B．Music allws kids t cmbine math with pian.
C．Music ffers kids ptential success in mathematics.
D．Music may enhance the mathematics skills f all kids.
（二）、Neurscientists (神经科学家) nw knw that brain maturatin (成熟) ccurs far later than previusly thught. Great changes in brain are still taking place during yung adulthd, especially in the regins that are imprtant fr planning ahead, expecting the future results f ne’s decisins, and cmparing risk and reward. Indeed, sme brain regins d nt reach full maturity until the early 20s. Shuld this new knwledge make us rethink where we draw legal bundaries between kids and adults?
Maybe. But it’s nt as simple as it seems fr tw reasns.
First, different brain regins mature alng with different timetables. There is n single age at which the adlescent brain becmes an adult brain. Systems respnsible fr lgical reasning mature when peple are 16, but thse invlved in self-regulatin are still develping in yung adulthd. This is why 16-year-lds are just as capable as adults when it cmes t permitting infrmed medical papers, but are still immature in ways that reduce their criminal respnsibility, as the Supreme Curt has nted in several recent cases. Using different ages fr different legal bundaries seems strange, but it wuld make neur- scientific sense if we did it reasnably.
Secnd, science has never had much influence n these decisins. If it did, we wuldn’t have lived in a sciety that allws teenagers t drive befre they can buy beer. Age bundaries are drawn mainly fr plitical reasns, nt scientific nes. It’s a pity that Neurscience wn’t have much f an impact n plitics althugh it is always crrect.
Children are s changeable in their grwth and hw cultures understand child develpment is s different. It is pintless t try t determine the “right” age f maturatin. The Dutch, fr example, allw children t drink alchl at the age f 16 but nt t drive until they are 19. Even if I firmly believe legal decisins shuld refer t Neurscience seriusly and it’s a gd idea t lwer the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US, I recgnize that the gvernment might never accept it.
5．What can we learn abut brain maturatin accrding t the passage?
A．All the brain areas becme mature at the same time.
B．Scientists’ brain matures much earlier than pliticians’.
C．The regin in charge f lgical reasning isn’t mature until 18.
D．The time f brain maturatin is nt as early as thught befre.
6．What is the authr’s attitude twards Neurscience?
A．Favrable.B．Skeptical.C．Indifferent.D．Intlerant.
7．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．It’s illegal fr a Dutch by t drive at the age f 16.
B．The culture f the Dutch is much better than the USA．
C．It’s f great value t determine the right age f maturatin.
D．The influence f science n law and plicy making is very big.
8．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Shuld Children Learn frm Capable Adults?
B．Can Neurscience Create Mature Scientists?
C．Shuld Neurscience Affect Law Decisins?
D．Can Children Drive and Drink Beer Like Adults?
一、
（2022·河北·校联考模拟预测）The mment the grund stps shaking after an earthquake, sme peple may wnder whether their pets — r wild animals fr that matter — knew the disaster was cming.
T get t the bttm f this questin, Heik With, a scientist at the German Research Centre fr Gesciences, and his clleagues evaluated mre than 700 published reprts f unusual behavir amng 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dgs and cattle frm 160 earthquakes. The recrds included all kinds f behavirs, including a tiger that reprtedly gt depressed befre an earthquake.
The researchers fund that 90 percent f all reprted cases happened within 62 miles f the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days f an earthquake. Then, they examined when and where freshcks had happened in the regin and cncluded that it was hard t say these animals culd predict the earthquake itself. They were just respnding t freshcks.
“The space-time pattern f animal precursrs (预兆) and freshcks is strikingly similar,” With said. “Frm this, we cncluded that the abnrmal animal behavir might simply be related t freshcks. These animals are just respnding t freshcks rather than predicting the earthquake. They dn’t have super pwer.”
Despite the vast number f incidences, gd infrmatin was little and scientific evidence is lacking. “A majr surprise fr us was that the large majrity f the published claims were built n pr bservatinal data, which did nt stand as statistical scientific prf,” With said.
T better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, With and his clleagues suggested that researchers ask a number f yes-r-n questins in any upcming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and mnitring prcedure clearly described and reprducible?” and “Is it prven that the animal behavir is really unusual?”
Meanwhile, humans are wrking n technlgies that can detect earthquakes secnds befre they hit. Hpefully, we will have such devices t warn peple that the earthquake is cming.
1．Hw did With cnduct the study?
A．By analyzing frmer reprts.
B．By bserving animals’ behavir.
C．By cllecting data in the earthquake.
D．By cmparing animals’ different respnses.
2．What is With’s new finding?
A．Tigers becme depressed easily.B．Certain animals have super pwer.
C．Sme animals can react t freshcks.D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
3．What surprised the scientists in the study?
A．All reprted cases tk place in the same area.
B．There were t many reprts abut freshcks.
C．Sme animals act strangely befre earthquakes.
D．The previus reprts lack accurate data supprt.
4．What is mainly talked abut in the passage?
A．Hw animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why peple study animals’ behavir in earthquakes.
二、
（2022·福建福州·统考三模）Climbing, I nce thught, was a very manly activity, but as I fund my way int this activity, I came t see that smething quite different happens n the rck.
Like wild swimming, rck climbing invlves yu int the landscape. On the rck, I am fully present. Eyes pay clse attentin.ears are alert (警觉的), and hands mve acrss the surface. Unlike walking, where I culd happily wander abut absent-mindedly, in climbing, attentive bservatin is essential.
As an arts student studying English literature, I discvered a new type f reading frm utdr climbing. Ging ut n t the crags (悬崖), I saw hw yu can learn t read the rcks and develp a vcabulary f physical mvements. Gd climbers knew hw t map their bdies n t the stne. Watching them, I wanted t pssess that skillful language.
My leap happened when I wrked fr the Cairngrms Natinal Park Authrity. Guiding my explratins int this strange new landscape was Nan Shepherd. Unlike the gal-directed mindset f many muntaineers, she is nt cncerned with peaks r persnal beats. Shepherd sees the muntain as a ttal envirnment and she celebrates the Caingrms as a place alive with plants, rcks, animals and elements. Thrugh her generus spirit and my wn wanderings, I saw that rck climbing need nt be a prcess f testing yurself against anything. Rather, the intensity f fcus culd release yu int anther way f being.
Spending s much time in high and stny places has changed my view n the wrld and ur place in it. I have cme int physical cntact with prcesses that g way beynd the everyday. Wrking with gravity, gelgy (地质学), rhythms f weather and deep time, I gain an actual relatinship with the earth. This cnnectin lies at the heart f my passin fr rck climbing. I return t the rcks, because this is where I feel in tuch — with ur land.
5．Why des the authr like climbing?
A．It challenges her t cmpete with men.
B．Ir allws her a urique attitude tward rck.
C．It teaches her hw t pssess a new language.
D．It makes her feel cnnected with the wrld.
6．What des the writer find imprtant in climbing?
A．Balance.B．Cncentratin.C．Determinatin.D．Curisity.
7．What des the writer learn frm Nan Shepherd?
A．Climbing ges tgether with nature.
B．Every muntain tp is within reach.
C．The best climber is the ne having fun.
D．Yu cannt achieve high unless yu change.
8．What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragrap 5 refer t?
A．Time.B．Cntact.C．The wrld.D．My view.
三、
（2022·广东·华南师大附中校考一模）Quantum (量子) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t tun climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype (炒作) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep." What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand. And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016.Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype. but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin“ by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
9．Hw des the authr feels abut Tbnsn’s cncerns?
A．Apprving.B．UncncernedC．Dubtful.D．Excited.
10．What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A．His dminance in physics.B．The cmpetitin in the field.
C．His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D．The investment f tech cmpanies.
11．What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Open.B．Cl.C．Useful.D．Resistant.
12．Which wuld be the best tide fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantun Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
四、
（2022·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考一模）Yu lk up at the sky n a clear and dark night, yu’ll see mre stars than yur eyes can cunt. Mst f these stars have planets, similar t ur wn, rbiting them. With s many celestial bdies flating ut in space, yu can’t help but questin whether ther frms f life exist in the universe. And if that’s the case, is it pssible t cntact them?
Science is still smewhat divided n this issue. Currently, n evidence exists t suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe. Yet with an estimated ne trillin planets in ur galaxy alne, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren’t the nly intelligent creatures ut there. Sme claim that life can nly develp under perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the nly example f this. Other scientists bject t this claim, and pint ut that even n Earth, life can find a way under the mst extreme circumstances.
Sme peple believe that aliens have already visited ur planet, but this infrmatin is being kept secret by gvernments. The mst famus incident f this kind ccurred in Rswell, New Mexic in 1947. On that date, many residents reprted seeing an unusual flying disc streak thrugh the sky, befre it crashed in a field. When the military heard abut the crash, they quickly sealed ff the area. A few hurs later, the army base annunced that it had recvered a flying disk. Shrtly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balln that crashed. Hwever, years later ne lcal mrtician even claimed that the military had him secretly perfrm an autpsy n a dead alien bdy.
Others believe that there certainly are ther life frms ut there, but the distance between us is t great. Even if we culd smehw create a spaceship that travels at the speed f light, it wuld still prbably take several lifetimes t reach them. Then again, we might never have t d this if aliens reach us first.
13．Why d sme scientists think there is life n ther planets?
A．Because an unusual flying disc was ever witnessed.
B．Because life exists despite extreme cnditins as thse n the Earth d.
C．Because the gvernment’s statement seemed suspicius.
D．Because there are a great number f planets in the universe.
14．What des the underlined wrd “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Examined again t guarantee the crrectness.B．Emphasized again t persuade peple.
C．Frmally taken back what has been said.D．Seriusly criticized due t pr evidence
15．Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A．Are we alne in the universe?B．Is it pssible t cntact aliens?
C．Intelligent life in the universe.D．Planets flating ut in space.
16．Hw des the authr sund in the passage?
A．Objective.B．Humrus.C．Cautius.D．Anxius.
五、
（2022·辽宁·校联考模拟预测）Despite their endless scial activities, clsely packed urban envirnments ften cme with the hidden phenmenn f increased lneliness. Accrding t Dr. Vivek Murthy, United States Surgen General, the glbal “lneliness epidemic” is an verlked cnsequence f urban living that carries serius risks, assciated with heart disease, depressin, anxiety, and dementia.
While there are many ways t vercme lneliness, such as redesigning urban architecture t help facilitate scial interactins r making it easier fr peple t wn pets, a new study als recmmends adding nature int the mix.
The findings, published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts, fllws a review f assessments prvided by mre than 750 U. K. residents wh vlunteered t use a custm — built smartphne app fr tw weeks. The participants were questined randmly three times a day using a technique called an “eclgical mmentary assessment”. In additin t questins abut vercrwding and scial inclusin (融入), the vlunteers were asked abut their natural surrundings, such as “Can yu see trees, plants and water right nw?” Feelings f“mmentary lneliness” were then ranked n a five-pint scale.
Accrding t the mre than 16, 600 assessments received, vercrwded envirnments increased feelings f lneliness by a shcking 38%, regardless f age, gender, educatin level, r ccupatin. When peple were able t interact with green spaces r hear birds r see the sky, hwever, lneliness drpped by 28%. Scial inclusivity, defined by the research team as feeling welcmed by a grup r sharing similar values, als drpped lneliness by 21%.
These findings appear t crrelate (联系) with previus research int the mental benefits f walking thrugh natural areas. Jhanna Gibbns, leader f the research team, further indicates that high-quality green and blue spaces such as parks and rivers in dense urban areas, which is ften viewed as a key weapn in the fight against climate change, can als be critical in imprving ur wn well — being and reducing feelings f islatin. She said, “I believe deep in ur suls, there are really deep cnnectins with natural frces.”
17．What prblem is discussed in paragraph 1?
A．Urban living lacks scial cnnectin.
B．Lneliness is a grwing threat in cities.
C．Mdern cities are getting vercrwded.
D．Aging ppulatin are facing mre risks.
18．What did the scial survey fcus n?
A．Hw lneliness affected peple f all ages.
B．What the rt f the lneliness in cities was.
C．Hw hi-technlgy imprved peple’s lives.
D．What peple’s favrite living surrundings were.
19．What might help deal with urban lneliness accrding t the new survey?
A．A life experience in nature.B．Lw rates f scial activities.
C．An vercrwded envirnment.D．A design f urban architecture.
20．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Playing hard is harmful t mental health.
B．Peple in green spaces may be mre cheerful.
C．Glbal warming changes ur characteristics.
D．Everything is cnnected with natural frces.
一、
（2021·全国·高考真题）Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It’s said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn’t take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here’s the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
1．What des the authr think f victrs’ standards fr jining the genius club?
A．They’re unfair.B．They’re cnservative.
C．They’re bjective.D．They’re strict.
2．What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They lk up t great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D．They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
3．Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A．Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B．Less discriminatin against wmen.
C．Acceptance f victrs’ cncepts.
D．Changes in peple’s scial psitins.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Geniuses Think AlikeB．Genius Takes Many Frms
C．Genius and IntelligenceD．Genius and Luck
二、
（2022·北京·高考真题）Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
5．Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A．sympatheticB．uncncernedC．dubtfulD．excited
6．What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A．His dminance in physics.B．The cmpetitin in the field.
C．His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D．The investment f tech cmpanies.
7．What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Open.B．Cl.C．Useful.D．Resistant.
8．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
三、
（2021·北京·高考真题）Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．
9．What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A．Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature．
B．Everyne can define time n their wn terms．
C．The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it．
D．Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists．
10．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
A．present an assumptinB．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experimentD．intrduce an apprach
11．What can we learn frm this passage？
A．Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life．
B．New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems．
C．Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer．
D．Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame．
12．What can we infer frm this passage？
A．It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time．
B．A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C．We shuld live in harmny with nature．
D．Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality．
四、
（2022·天津·高考真题）Ralph Emersn nce said that the purpse f life is nt t be happy, but t be useful, t be lving, t make sme difference in he wrld. While we appreciate such wrds f wisdm, we rarely try t fllw them in ur lives.
Mst peple prefer t live a gd life themselves, ignring their respnsibilities fr the wrld. This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. A gd life based n cmfrt and luxury may eventually lead t mre pain be-cause we spil ur health and even ur character, principles, ideals, and relatinships.
What then, is the secret f a gd life? A gd life is a prcess, nt a state f being : a directin, nt a destinatin. We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness. Mre imprtantly, we must knw urselves inside ut. Only when we examine urselves deeply can we discver ur abilities and recgnize ur limitatins, and then wrk accrdingly t create a better wrld.
The first requirement fr a gd life is having a lving heart. When we d certain right things merely as a duty, we find ur jb s tiresme that we’ll sn burn ut. Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.
Hwever, lve alne is insufficient t lead a gd life. Lve smetimes blinds us t the reality. Cnsequently, ur gd intentins may nt lead t gd results. T achieve desired utcme, thse wh want t d gd t thers als need t equip themselves with accurate wrld knwledge. False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. If lve is the engine f a car knwledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks pwer, th car can’t mve; if the driver lses cntrl f the steering, a rad accident prbably ccurs. Only with lve in heart and the right knwledge in mind can we lead a gd life.
With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. When we see the impact f ur gd wrk n the wrld we give meaning t ur life and earn lasting jy and happiness.
13．What effect des the narrw perceptin f a gd life have n us?
A．Making us simple-mindedB．Making us shrt-signted.
C．Leading us nt a busy rad.D．Keeping us frm cmfrt and luxury.
14．Accrding t the authr, hw can ne gain true happiness?
A．Thrugh maintaining gd health.
B．By ging thrugh pain and suffering.
C．By recgnizing ne’s abilities and limitatins.
D．Thrugh ffering help much needed by thers.
15．Accrding t Paragraph 4, ding certain right things with a lving heart makes ne________.
A．less selfishB．less annying
C．mre mtivatedD．mre respnsible
16．In what case may gd intentins fail t lead t desired results?
A．When we have wrng knwledge f the wrld.
B．When ur lve fr the wrld is insufficient.
C．When we are insensitive t dangers in life.
D．When we stay blind t the reality.
17．Accrding t Paragraph 5, life can be made truly gd when ________.
A．inspired by lve and guided by knwledge
B．directed by lve and pushed by knwledge
C．purified by lve and enriched by knwledge
D．prmted by lve and defined by knwledge