新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题07 阅读理解之细节题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题07 阅读理解之细节题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题07阅读理解之细节题原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题07阅读理解之细节题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共218页， 欢迎下载使用。


一、思维导图

二、方法点拨

1. 设问方式和考题类型
常针对文中细节提问，可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
1. 是非题形式：true/ false或except?
All f the fllwing are true EXCEPT _____.
2.特殊疑问句形式：
Accrding t the passage, wh/ what/ when/ where / why / hw…
3.填空题形式，如：
T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised_____
2. 题目类型
1.Wh-细节型
2.是非型
3.计算型
4.排序型
5.图标型
3. 细节题选项特征
(一)细节理解题正确选项特征
(二)细节理解题干扰选项特征
4. 定位词寻找技巧
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.Fr the past tw years，Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity，and they think they’re clse t a slutin(解决方案).“We dn’t give the students any breaks.They have t d it just like NASA engineers，” says Flrence Gld，a prject manager.
33.What is the purpse f the HUNCH prgram?
A.T strengthen teacher-student relatinships.
B.T sharpen students’ cmmunicatin skills.
C.T allw students t experience zer gravity.
D.T link space technlgy with schl educatin.
分析：选D。本题可以根据特殊定位词HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词，其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Mney：Gd Fd，she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste，while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day.And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s learnt int practice in her wn hme，preparing meals fr sns，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.
25.Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cking materials fr her.
B.He prepares fd fr her kids.
C.He assists her in cking matters.
D.He invites guest families fr her.
分析：选C。 由于比较醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出现多次，所以不能作为定位词。本题可以利用题干中的动词help来定位，从而找到原文信息“with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste”。
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
Duratin：3 hurs
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see the wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn， guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm.Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear!
21.Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A.Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
B.Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C.Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
D.Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
分析：选A。本题可以用同义词定位：bk in advance ＝reserve“预约”。根据第一条自行车旅行路线中的“Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear！”可知，选择这条自行车旅行路线需要提前预订。
5. 解题流程
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则——“本本主义”，一切从原文出发，无须读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。可以用两步法解题。
一．直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下：
做题小技巧：
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词，如hwever、but、mrever、therefre、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the mst, all, merely, nly, have t, any, n, cmpletely, nne,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。
5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, ften, shuld, usually, might, mst, mre r less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。
6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.
例子1
…
I fund the pre­hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less­used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr)．
…
33．What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A．Saving up fr her hliday.
B．Raising mney fr a pr girl.
C．Adding the mney t her fund.
D．Giving the mney t a sick mther.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
二．间接信息题
相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
例子2…
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24．What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A．They cntain prtein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antixidants.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
三．概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
例子3…
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
…
30．Hw many languages are spken by less than 6,000 peple at present?
A．Abut 6,800. B．Abut 3,400.
C．Abut 2,400. D．Abut 1,200.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
四．正误判断题
是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。
例子4
Fd festivals arund the wrld
Stiltn Cheese Rlling
May Day is a traditinal day fr celebratins, but the 2,000 English villagers f Stiltn must be the nly peple in the wrld wh include cheese rlling in their annual plans. Teams f fur, dressed in a variety f strange and funny clthes, rll a cmplete cheese alng a 50­metre curse. On the way, they must nt kick r thrw their cheese, r g int their cmpetitrs' lane (赛道)．Cmpetitin is fierce and the chief prize is a cmplete Stiltn cheese weighing abut fur kils (disappintingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wden nes). All the cmpetitrs are served with beer r prt wine, the traditinal accmpaniment fr Stiltn cheese.
Fiery Fds Festival — The Httest Festival n Earth
Every year mre than 10,000 peple head fr the city f Albuquerque, New Mexic. They cme frm as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a cmmn addictin — fd that is nt just spicy (辛辣), but ht enugh t make yur muth burn, yur head spin and yur eyes water. Their destinatin is the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival which is held ver a perid f three days every March. Yu might like t try a chclate­cvered habaner pepper — fficially the httest pepper in the wrld — r any ne f the thusands f prducts that are n shw. But ne thing's fr sure — if yu dn't like the feeling f a burning tngue, this festival isn't fr yu!
La Tmatina — The Wrld's Biggest Fd Fight
On the last Wednesday f every August, the Spanish twn f Buñl hsts La Tmatina — the wrld's largest fd fight. A week­lng celebratin leads up t an exciting tmat battle as the highlight f the week's events. The early mrning sees the arrival f large trucks with tmates — fficial fight­starters get things ging by casting tmates at the crwd.
…
59．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin is beer r prt wine.
B．Mre than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
C．Thusands f spicy fds are n shw in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
D．An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning f La Tmatina.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：逐一比对定答案
[答案] C
三、高考真题
2022年6月新高考1卷B
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
25. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
26. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
27. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
【答案】25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther, resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn. D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce, that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。
2022年6月新高考1卷D
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
【答案】32. D 33. C
【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.（30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard t prduce labidentals，which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
2022年6月全国甲卷B
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
【答案】24. B 25. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting, the crrect “keys” wuld let ut the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
2022年6月全国甲卷C
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tiera del Fueg. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
2022年6月全国甲卷D
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
33. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
【答案】33. D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilt Sydney ferrybats fr a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynlds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these ld bats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynlds喜欢老式渡船。故选D项。
2022年6月全国乙卷B
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y. — Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd — traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
24. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl.B. T study American histry.
C. T write a bk.D. T d sightseeing.
26. Which part f Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn.B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies.D. The natural beauty f the West.
答案】24. A 26. C
【解析】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Drthy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd -traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Drthy Wdruff和Rsamnd Underwd——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Drthy和Rsamnd去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
2022年6月全国乙卷D
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖). It is believed that tday’s children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers’ effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
32. Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A T cllect mney fr schls.B. T imprve the quality f drinks.
C. T prtect children’s health.D. T encurage research in educatin.
33. Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A. They turned t verseas markets.B. They raised the prices f their prducts.
C. They cut dwn n their prductin.D. They reduced their prducts’ sugar cntent.
34. Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A. Mst alchlic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Cke.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity .（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖）”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。
【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers s they can avid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的）”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
2022年6月北京卷B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me. Fr almst a year I struggled n, cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.
One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. I jined a pre-presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne-n-ne with him—an idea that had seemed cmpletely impssible. This first cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later, Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference. Lking back, I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass, but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I’ve realised that my biggest bstacle ( 障碍 ) this whle time was myself. It was that vice in the back f my head telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching their ptential: I can’t. They say gd things cme t thse wh wait; I say: grab every pprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient. After all, nature des nt require ur patience, but ur actin.
24. What was the main cause fr Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability t act her age.B. Her habit f cnsumptin.
C. Her desire t be perfect.D. Her lack f inspiratin.
25. Hw did Grant Brwn’s presentatin influence Alice?
A. She decided t d smething fr nature.B. She tasted the sweetness f friendship.
C. She learned abut the harm f desire.D. She built up her curage t speak up.
26. The activities Alice jined in helped her t becme mre ________.
A. intelligentB. cnfidentC. innvativeD. critical
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
24.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。
25.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brwn的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Yuth fr Nature”和“Yuth fr Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brwn让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。
26.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
2022年6月北京卷C
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number f undernurished (营养不良 )peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances in nutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealing the relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals—and that the vast majrity are nt knwn.This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking - which,in this example, is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system.
29. What can be inferred abut the field f nutritin?
A. The first bjective f systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B. The relatinships amng players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can slve the nutritin prblem.
D. The impact f nutritin cannt be quantified.
【答案】 29. A
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。
29.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段“This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems t hinking - which,in this example, is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system.(这表明，在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前，我们还有一段路要走——在本例中，这是为了确定营养系统的更多组成部分。)”可知，实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走，现尚未实现。故选A项。
2022年6月北京卷D
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
【答案】32. C
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
32.【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
2022年6月浙江卷A
Pasta and pizza were n everyne’s lunch menu in my native land f Italy. Everyne wh had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spke Italian. A few years later, as I std in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a schl in Brklyn, I realized things were n lnger that simple. My classmates ranged frm thse kids with pale skin and large blue eyes t thse with rich brwn skin and dark hair. The fd chices were almst as diverse as the students. In frnt f me was an array f fds I culdn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I wuld pick ut smething awful, I desperately tried t ask the by ahead f me fr a recmmendatin. Unfrtunately, between us std the barrier f language.
1. What did the authr realize after entering schl in Brklyn?
A. Time passed quickly.B. English was hard t learn.
C. The fd was terrible.D. Peple were very different.
【答案】1. D
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界的多样性，不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三四句“A few years later, as I std in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a schl in Brklyn, I realized things were n lnger that simple. My classmates ranged frm thse kids with pale skin and large blue eyes t thse with rich brwn skin and dark hair. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了。我的同学中有皮肤白皙、蓝眼睛大的，也有棕色皮肤、深色头发的)”可知，当作者去了在Brklyn的一所学校之后，发现学校里的人不一样。故选D。
2022年6月浙江卷B
In a Tiny Frest, there must be a minimum f 600 trees, and the trees are planted much clser tgether and withut chemicals r fertilisers (肥料). There are usually arund 30 different kinds f all-native tree species (物种). This variety, cupled with the fact that tiny frests grw up t ten times faster than standard frests, means they attract a rich abundance f wildlife. It’s als thught that these places culd help reduce the risk f flding, remve carbn frm the atmsphere and fight climate change, as well as imprving the mental health f thse living lcally.
6. What is special abut the trees in a Tiny Frest?
A. They are small in size.B. They are thickly planted.
C. They are freign species.D. They are heavily fertilised.
【答案】 6. B
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。
【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a Tiny Frest, there must be a minimum f 600 trees, and the trees are planted much clser tgether and withut chemicals r fertilisers (肥料).(在一个小森林里，必须有至少600棵树，树木种植得更紧密，没有化学品或化肥。)”可知，“小森林”里的树的特别之处在于它们种得很密。故选B。
2022年6月浙江卷A
Fr nearly a decade nw,Merebeth has been a self-emplyed pet transprt specialist. Her pet transprt jb was brn f the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The dwnturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager.The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb.One day,while driving near her hme,she saw a dg wandering n the rad, clearly lst. She tk it hme,and her sister in Denver agreed t take it. This was a lving hme fr sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take lng fr Merebeth t decide t drive the dg there herself. It was her first rad trip t her new jb.
It turns ut that pet transprting pays quite well at abut $30,000 per year befre tax.She desn't wrk in summer, as it wuld be unpleasantly ht fr the animals in the car, even with air cnditining.As autumn cmes,she gets restless the same ld wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alne,thugh.Merebeth says,"When I'm n the rad, I'm just in my wn wrld. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strngly that I must help animals."
21.Why did Merebeth change her jb?
A.She wanted t wrk near her hme. B.She was tired f wrking in the ffice.
C.Her sister asked her t mve t Denver. D.Her frmer emplyer was ut f business.
23.What can we learn abut Merebeth in her new jb?
A.She has chances t see rare animals. B.She wrks hard thrughut the year.
C.She relies n herself the whle time. D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】21.D 23.C
【解析】【导语】：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Merebeth 由于公司破产失业后，在机缘巧合下成为宠物运送员，不仅帮助了动物，而且收获了旅行带来的精神自由。
第21题 细节事实题。根据文章第一段第三、四句--The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb.可知原先公司破厂导致要找份新工作。与D 选项意思一致。故答案选D。
第23题 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数她自己说的话：When I am n the rad, I'm just in my wn wrld. I've always been independent-spirited.可知，当她在路上的时候，就只依靠自己。她总是非常独立。故答案选C。
2022年1月浙江卷B
The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy,and the lifebld f that technlgy has lng been electricity.By prviding lng-distance cmmunicatin and energy,electricity created the mdern wrld.Yet prperly understd,the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins."writes Maury Klein in his bk The Pwer Makers:Steam,Electricity,and the Men Wh Invented Mdern America.Klein,a nted histrian f technlgy, spins a narrative(叙述) s lively that at times it reads like a nvel.
24.What is Klein's understanding f the age f electricity?
A. It is clsely linked t the steam age. B.It began earlier than peple thught.
C. It is a little-studied perid f histry. D.It will cme t an end sner r later.
【答案】 24. A
第24题 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及第一段最后一句。可知，全文作者都在说蒸汽是与电力输送关系紧密。故选A。
2022年1月浙江卷 C篇
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there's a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list.New research fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia（失智症）in later life-and if they did，it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr.Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden,said:“These findings are exciting because it's pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular（心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia.”
Fr the study,191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were tired ut t measure their peak（最大值的）cardivascular capacity.The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
27.What is n the ever-grwing list mentined in the first paragraph?
A.Psitive effects f ding exercises. B.Exercises suitable fr the middle-aged.
C.Experimental studies n dementia. D.Advantages f sprty wmen ver men.
28.Why did the researchers ask the wmen t d bicycle exercise?
A.T predict their maximum heart rate. B.T assess their cardivascular capacity.
C.T change their habit f wrking ut. D.T detect their ptential health prblems.
【答案】27 A 28. B
【解析】第27题 细节理解题。根据第一段The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there's a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list.可知a new bnus (即psitive effects f ding exercise) are n the ever grwing list. 故选A。
第28题 细节理解题。根据第三段fr the study, 191 wmen with… tk a bicycle exercise…t measure their peak cardivascular capacity. 可知实验测试的是骑自行车对心血管的影响，故选B。
2021年6月北京卷 B篇
I remember the day during ur first week f class when we were infrmed abut ur semester（学期）prject f vlunteering at a nn-prfit rganizatin. When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help, my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children (OIC). My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind.
Then, an OIC representative gave us sme details, which smewhat interested me. After ding sme research, I believed that we culd really d smething fr thse kids. When I went nline t the OIC website, I saw pictures f the Iraqi children. Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望）and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin. We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible, and make them int kits—ne kit, ne child.
The mst rewarding day fr ur grup was prject day, when all the effrts we put int cllecting the items finally came tgether. When I saw the varius supplies we had cllected, it hit me that every kit we were t build that day wuld eventually be in the hands f an Iraqi child. Over the past fur mnths, I had never imagined hw I wuld feel nce ur prject was cmpleted. While making the kits, I realized that I had lst sight f the true meaning behind it. I had nly fcused n the fact that it was anther schl prject and ne I wanted t get a gd grade n. When the kits were cmpleted, and ready t be sent verseas, the warm feeling I had was ne I wuld never frget.
In the beginning, I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn. Nw that ur prject is ver, I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life, but ten. With ur effrts, ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin.
1.Hw did the authr feel abut jining the OIC prject in the beginning?
A.It wuld affect his/her initial plans.
B.It wuld invlve traveling verseas.
C.It wuld nt bring him/her a gd grade.
D.It wuld nt live up t his/her expectatins.
3.The authr's OIC prject grup wuld help ten Iraqi children t .
A.becme OIC vlunteers B.further their educatin
C.study in freign cuntries D.influence ther children
【答案】1.D 3.B
【解析】本文是一篇故事类记叙文，主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织(OIC)，开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者毫不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育。
1细节理解题。根据第一段中的My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind.（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知作者开始感到加入OIC不会达到他/她的期望。故选D。
3细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Withut effrts, ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin.（在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知作者的OIC项目组将帮助10名伊拉克儿童继续他们的教育，结合选项，故选B。
2021年6月天津卷B篇
When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language. Having said that, I did nt knw fr a lng time what I was lking fr. It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing. With sme encuragement frm my clleagues, I had ne f my pems published. This bit f success, hwever, was the pint where my prblem began.
Back in 1978, I had t travel between three different campuses in the mrning, teaching freshman cmpsitin. Afternns I spent taking my daughter t her ballet and hrse-riding lessns. I cmpsed my lectures n the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.
As a way ut, I decided t get up tw hurs befre my usual time. My alarm was set fr 5:00 A．M. The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway. I had t jump ut f bed and run t silence it befre my family was awken. This was when my mrning writing began.
Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing. I wrte my pems in this manner fr nearly ten years befre my first bk was published. When I decided t write a nvel, I divided my tw hurs: the first fr petry, the secnd fr fictin. Well r badly, I wrte at least tw pages a day. This is hw my nvel, The Line f the Sun. was finished. If I had waited t have the time, I wuld still be waiting t write my nvel.
What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl. Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if ifs the nly way.
41．What mtivated the authr t start her writing career?
A．Her strng wish t share.
B.Her keen interest in writing.
C.Her urgent need t make a living.
D.Her passinate desire fr fame.
42．What prblem did the authr face when she decided t begin her writing?
A．She was t exhausted t write after a busy day.
B.She had truble in deciding n her writing style.
C.She had t take time t discipline her daughter.
D.She was unsure abut her writing skills.
43．Why did the authr place an alarm clck in the hallway?
A．In case the clck in her rm brke dwn.
B.In case she failed t hear the ringing.
C.T frce herself ut f bed.
D.T wake up her family.
答案41．B 42．A 43．C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language.”当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言的迫切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B项。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.”当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力已经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写作时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A项。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway.”第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C项。
2021年6月天津卷C篇
Tech cmpany UneeQ is heading fr its "digital humans", which appear life like n the screen nt nly in terms f language, but als because f facial mvements: raised eyebrws, a smile, even a nd. They lk clse t a human, but nt quite.
What lies beneath UneeQ9 s digital humans? Their 3D faces are mdeled n actual human features. Speech recgnitin enables them t understand what a persn is saying, and natural language prcessing is used t wrk ut a respnse. Meanwhile, anther Al cmpany, Sul Machines, is taking a mre bilgical apprach, with a "digital brain", that imitates aspects f the human brain t adjust the emtins "fblt" and "expressed" by its "digital peple".
Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adptin f its digital emplyees acrss the financial, health care, and cmmercial sectrs （行业）. "Unless these sectrs make their business mdels much mre efficient digitally, they might be left behind," says Chetan Dube, UneeQ9s CEO.
46．Accrding t Para. 2, in what respect（s） d UneeQ9s "digital humans" resemble human beings?
A．In the way they mve arund. B.In the way they act and react.
C.In bservatin and analysis. D.In speech and facial expressins.
47．Sul Machines’digital brain is a technlgical breakthrugh because it .
A．learns t make prper emtinal respnses
B.tends t imitate human beings' tne vividly
C.recgnizes the speech sunds it receives
D.prcesses the natural language it hears
49．What makes many sectrs emply digital humans?
A．The fear f falling behind in efficiency.
B.The urgency t prmte e-cmmerce.
C.The wish t spread digital technlgy.
D.The need t upgrade the health care system.
【答案】46．D 47．A 49．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍许多科技公司正在推进、研发“数字人类”，并被很多部门使用。但一些科学家对此表示怀疑，并指出了“数字人类”并不是真正的人类，有很多缺陷。但前景还是很有希望的。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tech cmpany UneeQ is heading fr its "digital humans", which appear life like n the screen nt nly in terms f language, but als because f facial mvements: raised eyebrws, a smile, even a nd.”（科技公司UneeQ正在研发一种“数字人”，这种人在屏幕上看起来栩栩如生，不仅因为语言，还因为面部动作:眉毛扬起、微笑，甚至点头。）由此可知，根据第2段，UneeQ9s的“数字人”在言语和面部表情上方面与人类相似。故选D项。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, anther Al cmpany, Sul Machines, is taking a mre bilgical apprach, with a "digital brain", that imitates aspects f the human brain t adjust the emtins "fblt" and "expressed" by its “digital peple”.”（与此同时，另一家Al公司，灵魂机器公司，正在采取一种更具生物性的方法，拥有一个“数字大脑”，它模仿人脑的各个方面来调节其“数字人”的“fblt”和“表达”的情绪。）由此可知，灵魂机器的数字大脑是一项技术突破，因为它倾向于做出适当的情绪反应。故选A项。
49．细节理解题。根据第五段“Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adptin f its digital emplyees acrss the financial, health care, and cmmercial sectrs （行业）.Unless these sectrs make their business mdels much mre efficient digitally, they might be left behind”（但需求依然存在，UneeQ的数字员工在金融、医疗和商业行业的使用率很高。除非这些行业将它们的商业模式数字化得更高效，否则它们可能会被甩在后面）由此可知，害怕效率落后让许多行业使用“数字人类”。故选A项。
2021年6月天津卷D篇
Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind t be bth functinal and beautiful. Why, then, is art still s widely cnsidered t be "the easy subject" at schl, insignificant t wider sciety, a waste f time and effrt?
Art can cnnect culture with cmmercial prducts in a way that nt many ther things can; art generates mney and hlds significant emtinal and cultural value within cmmunities. When peple attend a cncert, they are paying fr music, sure, maybe even htel rms, meals, and transprt, but they als gain an incredible experience, a unique atmsphere and a memry that will g thrugh the rest f their lives. Peple dn't just want material things anymre, they want t experience life一the arts are a perfect crssver（交迭）between culture and cmmerce.
Furthermre, the arts can bring cmmunities tgether, reducing lneliness and making peple feel safer. Scial bnds are created amng individuals when they share their arts experiences thrugh reflectin and discussin, and their expressin f cmmn values thrugh artwrks in hnur f events significant t a natin's experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty psitive impact n physical and psychlgical health. It is fund that peple wh frequent cultural places r participate in artistic events are mre likely t gain gd health cmpared t thse wh d nt; mre engagement with the arts is linked t a higher level f peple's wellbeing. The Ryal Sciety f Public Health discvered that music and art, when used in hspitals, help t imprve the cnditins f patients by reducing stress, anxiety and bld pressure.
Children wh are invlved with the arts make greater achievements in their educatin: thse engaged with drama have greater literary ability while thers taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages. Kids with preference fr the arts have a greater chance f finding emplyment in the future. Participating in the arts is essential fr child develpment; encuraging children t express themselves in cnstructive ways culd help t frm healthy emtinal respnses in later life.
Vital t human life, art is celebrated and used by natins acrss the wrld fr varius purpses. Life withut art wuld be bring and dead still, fr art is a part f what makes us human.
51．Art prducts differ frm mst ther cmmercial prducts because .
A．mst peple purchase them fr cllectin
B.they are mre expensive and less accessible
C.they have bth cmmercial and cultural values
D.their prices may climb up as time passes
52．By sharing their arts experiences, cmmunity members can .
A．keep the cmmunity safe frm illnesses
B.develp a strnger tie between them
C.learn t appreciate their wn wrks f art
D.ffer hnurable slutins t their prblems
53．What can we learn abut peple wh are invlved in artistic activities?
A．They enjy better living cnditins.
B.They like t cmpare themselves with thers.
C.They are particularly gd at bth music and art.
D.They tend t be healthier physically and mentally.
54．Hw des kids' engagement with the arts benefit them?
A．It prmtes their academic perfrmance and emtinal grwth.
B.It gives them mre cnfidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C.It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D.It helps t make respnsible peple ut f them.
【答案】51．C 52．B 53．D 54．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活之一。从赋予商品的商业价值，人类的身心健康和青少年的学术和情感发展等方面论述了艺术的重要意义。
51．细节理解题。根据第一段“Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind t be bth functinal and beautiful.”（任何公共空间都是由艺术家精心设计的，既实用又美观。）以及“Art can cnnect culture with cmmercial prducts in a way that nt many ther things can”（艺术可以将文化与商业产品联系起来，这是其他很多东西都做不到的。）可以看出，可见艺术参与的作品兼具文化价值和商业价值。故选择C。52．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scial bnds are created amng individuals when they share their arts experiences thrugh reflectin and discussin,, and their expressin f cmmn values thrugh artwrks in hnr f events significant t a natin's experience.”（当个人通过反思和讨论分享他们的艺术经验，并通过艺术作品表达共同的价值观，以纪念对一个国家的经验有重要意义的事件时，社会纽带就在他们之间建立起来。），可见通过分享经历，可以建立一种特殊的联系和纽带。故选择B。
53．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is fund that peple wh frequent cultural places r participate in artistic events are mre likely t gain gd health cmpared t thse wh d nt”（研究发现，经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比不经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人更容易获得健康;），可见参加艺术活动的人们在身心上都相对更加健康。故选择D。
54．细节理解题。根据第五段“Children wh are invlved with the arts make greater achievements in their educatin”（参与艺术的孩子在他们的教育中取得更大的成就）以及“encuraging children t express themselves in cnstructive ways culd help t frm healthy emtinal respnses in later life.”（有助于在以后的生活中形成健康的情感反应。）可见艺术活动促进了孩子们的学业表现和情感成长。故选择A。
2021年6月新高考Ⅰ卷B篇
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time thugh he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm nt a trained musician, but I've learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance."
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup's fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn't have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
"A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt, " Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f "ndding" t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. "I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand, " Mr Tittertn said. "Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back."
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
"My husband is the wrst page turner, " she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: 'Turn, turn!'" "Rbert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
1.What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the pian.
C.Sing sngs. D.Fix the instruments.
3.What des Tittertn need t practise?
A.Cunting the pages. B.Recgnizing the "ndding".
C.Catching falling bjects. D.Perfrming in his wn style.
4.Why is Ms Rasppva's husband "the wrst page turner" ?
A.He has very pr eyesight. B.He ignres the audience.
C.He has n interest in music. D.He frgets t d his jb.
【答案】1.A 3B 4D
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了律师Rbert Tittertn在空闲时间担任乐谱翻页者，配合钢琴家演出的故事。
【解析】 1.细节理解题。根据题干信息be able t d定位到第三段A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.可知，做一名page turner需要能够找到音乐中重复的部分，然后翻回到乐谱正确的地方。因此做一名page turner需要能够读懂音乐。故选A。
3细节理解题。根据题干信息need t practice定位到第四段第一句Being a page turner requires plenty f practice.这句话后面说明了page turner需要能够捕捉到演奏者的点头致意，根据这一信号来翻页，这是需要配合练习的。故选B。
4细节理解题。根据题干信息the wrst page turner定位到最后一段。分析可知，说话人的丈夫总是过度沉迷于音乐本身而忘记翻页，以至于她必须告诉他该翻页了。故选D。
2021年6月新高考Ⅰ卷C篇
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans have taken care f these precius natural resurses wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl（水禽）were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat（栖息地）.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry（迁徙的）waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
1.What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A.Lss f wetlands. B.Ppularity f water sprts.
C.Pllutin f rivers. D.Arrival f ther wild animals.
【答案】1.A
【文章大意】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据题干信息Nrth America以及decline定位到第一段：Millins f waterfwl were killed at… Millins f acres f wetlands were dried… greatly reducing waterfwl habitat. 分析可知，数百万的水禽被猎人和野心过大的运动员给杀害了。而数百万英亩的湿地被开垦以喂养和容纳日益增长的人口，而这大大减少了水禽的栖息地。可知，湿地流失是导致水禽数量减少的原因。 故选A。
2021年6月新高考Ⅰ卷D篇
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal （情感的） intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and "peple skills." Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
1.What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A.It can be measured by an IQ test. B.It helps t exercise a persn's mind.
C.It includes a set f emtinal skills. D.It refers t a persn's psitive qualities.
【答案】1.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望。
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据题干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：Many peple nw misunderstand… as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup… 分析可知，大多数人认为情商就是构成人性格中几乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence… 则是作者在列举一些情商中具体的优良品质。选项D：它指的是一个人的优良品质，是该句的同义替换。故选D。
2021年6月新高考二卷B
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z, Paris fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there.
I'm nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
4. Why did the authr bring the tiger cubs hme?
A. T ensure their survival.B. T bserve their differences.
C. T teach them life skills.D. T let them play with his kids.
7. Why did the authr decide t send Spt and Stripe back t the z?
A. They frightened the children.B. They became difficult t cntain.
C. They annyed the neighburs.D. They started fighting each ther.
【答案】4. A 7. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
【7题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g.(当Spt和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spt 和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。
2021年6月新高考二卷C
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
8. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie.B. Build new schls.
C. Run a prject.D. Help lcal musicians.
10. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles.B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities.D. Psitive wrldviews.
【答案】8 C 10. C
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafiraku打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
2021年6月新高考二卷D
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags (标签) n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture (质地) f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as cm and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
12. What is a prblem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Sil pllutin.B. Lack f wrkers.
C. Aging machines.D. Lw prfitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's rbt be able t d?
A. Mnitr the quality f grass.B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Mve cattle t anther field.D. Predict weather changes.
14. Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A. He wants t help them earn a living.B. He thinks men can d the jb better.
C. He is inexperienced in using rbts.D. He enjys the traditinal way f life.
15. Hw may rbts help with cattle watching accrding t Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value f cattle.B. Bring dwn the cst f labr.
C. Make the jb mre appealing.D. Keep cattle frm being stlen.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛健康状况。
【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture (质地) f grass.（通过监测草形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。
2021年6月全国甲卷B篇
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育） prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf （犀牛幼崽）. When the tiny creature arrived n January 31. she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity（圈养）.
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: "Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day."
1.Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A.Cstly. B.Cntrversial. C.Ambitius. D.Successful.
2.What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?
A.She lves staying with her mther. B.She dislikes utdr activities.
C.She is in gd cnditin. D.She is sensitive t heat.
【答案】1.D 2C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述肯特野生动物园庆祝一只可爱的稀有动物黑犀牛幼崽的到来。
1.细节理解题。根据题干关键词 "the breeding prgramme " 定位在原文第一段第一句话Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding （繁育） prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf （犀牛幼崽） . 林普恩港保护区(Prt Lympne Reserve)开展了一项繁殖计划，它迎来了一头稀有的黑犀牛犊牛的到来。所以，应该是成功的。故选D项。
2细节理解题。根据题干关键词 "Paul Beer say" 定位在第二段他说的话，其中根据 "Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre." 显然，我们都非常高兴地欢迎另一头小牛来到我们的黑犀牛家庭。她健康，强壮，并且已经渴望玩耍和探索。可知在这个新生的小犀牛状况很好。故选C项。
2021年6月全国甲卷D篇
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender（性别）are "really, really smart." Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are "really, really smart." Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs（因素） like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld."
3.Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A.Imprved glbal cmmunicatin. B.Less discriminatin against wmen.
C.Acceptance f victrs' cncepts. D.Changes in peple's scial psitins.
【答案】 3.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了天才的实质，批评了天才种族轮和性别轮，并指出其危害。
3细节理解题。根据题干 "mre geniuses knwn t the public" 定位最后一段In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear 在一个全球互联世界里，我们都能看到天才的出现，无论它们出现在哪里，可知更多的天才被公众所知道的原因在于改善的全球通信，故选A项。
2021年6月全国乙卷A篇
The Biggest Stadiums in the Wrld
Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. In arund 80 A.D., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld's best-knwn stadium and cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. Rme's Clsseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50, 000 peple. Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city's Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250, 000 peple.
These days, safety regulatins—nt t mentin the mdern sprts fan's desire fr a gd view and a cmfrtable seat—tend t keep stadium capacities （容量）slightly lwer. Even sccer fans tend t have a seat each; gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match.
Fr the biggest stadiums in the wrld, we have used data supplied by the Wrld Atlas list s far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated infrmatin frm fficial stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functinal, still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt.
●Rungrad 1st f May Stadium, Pyngyang, Krea. Capacity: 150, 000. Opened: May 1, 1989.
●Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbr, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107, 601. Opened: Octber 1, 1927.
●Beaver Stadium, Sate Cllege, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106, 572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
●Ohi Stadium, Clumbus, Ohi, U.S. Capacity: 104, 944. Opened: Octber 7, 1922.
●Kyle Field Cllege Statin, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102, 512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
1.Hw many peple culd the Circus Maximus hld?
A.104,944. B.107,601. C.Abut 150,000. D.Abut 250,000.
2 Of the fllwing stadiums, which is the ldest?
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium.
C.Ohi Stadium. D.Kyle Field.
3.What d the listed stadiums have in cmmn?
A.They hst big games. B.They have becme turist attractins.
C.They were built by Americans. D.They are favred by architects.
【答案】1.D 2C 3A
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了当今世界上最大的体育场。
【解析】
1.细节理解题。根据题干信息Circus Maximus，定位到原文第一段最后一句Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city's Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250, 000 peple.分析可知，Circus Maximus大约可以容纳250, 000人。故选D。
2细节理解题。根据题干信息ldest，定位到文章结尾部分，其中包括各个体育场的成立日期。分析可知，Ohi Stadium的成立日期最早，为1922年10月7日，因此它是最老的体育场。故选C。
3细节理解题。根据题干信息the listed stadiums，定位到文章结尾部分。分析可知，文章没有明确说明它们是否都有成为旅游景点，故排除B；其中的Rungrad 1st f May Stadium建设于朝鲜平壤，因此这些场馆并不都是由美国人建造的，故排除C；文章也没有明确说明它们都受到了建筑师的喜爱，故排除D。但由原文最后一段的第一句话All these stadiums are still functinal, still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt. 可知，这些体育场现在都还在正常使用中，会举办大型体育比赛。故选A。
2021年6月全国乙卷B篇
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）—nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn't the nly factr; I'd say it's als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne (using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it).
3.What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A.They like smartphne games. B.They enjy guessing callers' identity.
C.They keep using landline phnes. D.They are attached t their family.
【答案】 3C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥有座机，本文说明了出现这一现象的原因。
3细节理解题。根据题干信息Baby Bmers，定位到第四段Age is naturally a factr （因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.分析可知，84%的Baby Bmers仍用座机，而且他们可能已经用同一个座机号码50年了。由此可知，Baby Bmers仍在用座机。故选C。
科普小知识：Baby Bmer指在第二次世界大战后（1946-1962）生育高峰期出生的人。
2021年6月全国乙卷C篇
Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the cean—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpcalypse, " a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168, 000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
1.What are Vn Wng's artwrks intended fr?
A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C.Drawing public attentin t plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage n the beach.
【答案】1.C
【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品“吸管末日”，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。
【解析】1.细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，该艺术家创作的初衷是督促公众重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系。故选C。
2021年6月全国乙卷D篇
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus." His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup—thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp—significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise—nt t lud and nt ttal silence—may actually imprve ne's creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f "distracted fcus" appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers' cnversatins while we're trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
1.Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A.It helps him cncentrate.
B.It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C.It has a pleasant atmsphere.
D.It encurages face-t-face interactins.
2.Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A.Ttal silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.
【答案】1. A 2.C
【解析】
1.细节理解题。由第一段第二句"… s I can fcus"可知，采访者喜欢在公用工作场所办公，是因为他可以集中精力。故选A。
2细节理解题。由第二段"the participants in the 70 decibels grup… significantly utperfrmed the ther grups"可知，在70分贝下采访者的表现最优，说明该环境可以改善创造性思维能力。故选C。
2021年6月浙江卷A篇
Leslie Nielsen's childhd was a difficult ne, but he had ne particular shining star in his life—his uncle, wh was a well-knwn actr. The admiratin and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen t make a career（职业）in acting. Even thugh he ften felt he wuld be discvered t be a n-talent, he mved frward, gaining a schlarship t the Neighbrhd Playhuse and making his first televisin appearance a few years later in 1948. Hwever, becming a full-time, successful actr wuld still be an uphill battle fr anther eight yeas until he landed a number f film rles that finally gt him nticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he shuld be ding cmedy but his gd lks and distinguished vice kept him busy in dramatic rles. It wasn't until 1980—32 years int his career—that he landed the rle it wuld seem he was made fr in Airplane! That mvie led him int the secnd half f his career where his cmedic presence alne culd make a mvie a financial success even when mvie reviewers wuld nt rate it highly.
1.Why did Nielsen want t be an actr?
A.He enjyed watching mvies. B.He was eager t earn mney.
C.He wanted t be like his uncle. D.He felt he was gd at acting.
2.What d we knw abut Nelsen in the secnd half f his career?
A.He directed sme high quality mvies. B.He avided taking n new challenges.
C.He fcused n playing dramatic rles. D.He became a successful cmedy actr.
【答案】1.C 2.D
【文章大意】本文记叙文。文章介绍了著名影视明星Nielsen的成名之路。
【解析】
1细节理解题。根据第一段前两句 "Leslie Nielsen's childhd was a difficult ne, but he had ne particular shining star in his life—his uncle, wh was a well-knwn actr. The admiratin and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen t make a career（职业）in acting." 可知，尼尔森的叔叔是著名演员，叔叔赢得的钦佩和尊重激励他成为演员，故选C。
2细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话 "That mvie led him int the secnd half f his career where his cmedic presence alne culd make a mvie a financial success even when mvie reviewers wuld nt rate it highly." 可知，在他职业生涯的后半段，他的喜剧表现已十分卓越，故选D。
2021年6月浙江卷B篇
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes' walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
"Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference, " David Bnd says. "There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life." His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: "We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while."
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
1.What is the prblem with the authr's children?
A.They ften anny the neighburs.
B.They are tired f ding their hmewrk.
C.They have n friends t play with.
D.They stay in frnt f sereens fr t lng.
2.Hw did David Bnd advcate his idea?
A.By making a dcumentary film.
B.By rganizing utdr activities.
C.By advertising in Lndn media.
D.By creating a netwrk f friends.
【答案】 1.D 2.A
【解析】
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 "Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs." 可知，作者的孩子们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，故选D。
2细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.“可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，并制作成电影，故选A。
2021年6月浙江卷C篇
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study.
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images（图像） f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face r images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
1.The new study fcused n whether dgs can .
A.distinguish shapes B.make sense f human faces
C.feel happy r angry D.cmmunicate with each ther
【答案】1.B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇科普类说明文，实验研究表明，狗能够辨别人类的不同的面部的高兴还是愤怒表情。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 "Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study." 可知，狗能够分辨开心的表情和不开心的表情，故选B。
2021.3天津卷B篇
Abut five weeks ag, I nticed the skin f ur pet lizard（蜥蜴）was grwing dusty. It wrried me. I reprted the strange surface n the skin f the lizard t my husband and children the next mrning. Secnds later, ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.
Tw hurs befre my husband came back hme frm anther jb interview, my daughter climbed up t grab a glass vase frm a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces f glass were everywhere. She sbbed ludly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding fr his birthday.
Three days ag, the light in ur living rm suddenly went ut. After several frustrating hurs f unsuccessful attempts t fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jrdan dcumentary（纪录片）series The Last Dance.
The pignancy（酸楚）f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed
1.What can we learn abut the pet lizard frm Paragraph 1?
A.Its tank grew dirty. B.Its ld skin came ff.
C.It gt a skin disease. D.It went missing.
2.Why did the authr's husband have banana pudding fr his birthday?
A.The birthday cake was ruined. B.The authr made gd puddings.
C.Pudding was his favrite dessert. D.They culdn't affrd a birthday cake.
【答案】1.B 2.A
文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jrdan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句 "I reprted the strange surface n the skin f the lizard t my husband and children the next mrning. Secnds later, ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下来）" 可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选：B。
2.细节理解题。根据第六段 "Tw hurs befre my husband came back hme frm anther jb interview, my daughter climbed up t grab a glass vase frm a high shelf…My husband had banana pudding fr his birthday.（就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁）" 可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选：A。
2021.3天津卷C篇
A trial prject by the Mntreal Children's Hspital suggested that the use f medical hypnsis （催眠）can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging （医学影像） prcedures.
"During the examinatin children dn't mve. It wrks perfectly. It's amazing," said Jhanne L'Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technlgist at the hspital.
The prject was inspired by a French team frm Ruen University Hspital Centre where examinatins are dne under hypnsis instead f general anesthesia （麻醉）.
A French medical-imaging technlgist—als a hypntist—was invited t train a few members in the medical-imaging department f the children's hspital. In all, 80 examinatins were cnducted fr the prject between January and September, 2019, fcusing n the imaging prcedures that wuld cause anxiety.
Hypnsis is nt a state f sleep: It is rather a mdified （改变的）state f cnsciusness. The technlgist will guide the patient t this mdified state—an imaginary wrld that will disassciate itself mre and mre frm the prcedure that fllws.
"The technlgist must build up a stry with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the pwer t chse what he wants t talk abut. D yu play sprts? D yu like ging t the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss thrughut the prcedure."
Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be related t this stry—an injectin （注射）becmes the bite f an insect; the heat n the skin becmes the sensatin f the sun and a machine that rings becmes a plice car passing nearby.
"The imprtant thing is that the technlgist assciates what is happening utside the patient's bdy with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity n the part f the technlgist, imaginatin, a lt f patience and kindness."
The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January. "It spread like wildfire that smene frm France was here t train the technlgists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line f staff at her dr wanting t take the training
1.One f the results prduced by the trial prject is .
A.a better understanding f children B.less use f certain medicines
C.new medical-imaging technlgy D.an imprved reputatin f the hspital
French technlgist came t the children's hspital t .
A.assist in treating a patient B.carry ut hypnsis training
C.start up a new department D.learn abut the prcedure
3.Accrding t Paragraph 5, hypnsis wrks by .
A.creating a perfect wrld fr patients
B.frcing patients int a state f deep sleep
C.puting patients int an uncnscius state
D.leading patients' cnsciusness away frm reality
5.The prcedure was received amng the staff with .
A.uncertainty B.enthusiasm C.wrry D.criticism
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.D 5B
【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 " The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging （医学影像） prcedures.（该项目还导致用于医学影像程序的药品数量减少。）" 可知，实验的结果之一就是减少某些药物的使用。故选：B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 "A French medical-imaging technlgist—als a hypntist—was invited t train a few members in the medical-imaging department f the children's hspital.(一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工)" 可知，法国技术专家来儿童医院是做催眠培训来的。故选：B。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段第一句 "Hypnsis is nt a state f sleep: It is rather a mdified （改变的）state f cnsciusness. The technlgist will guide the patient t this mdified state—an imaginary wrld that will disassciate itself mre and mre frm the prcedure that fllws.(催眠状态不是一种睡眠的状态：而是一种被改变的意识状态。技术专家会引导病人进入这种改变的状态——一个想象中的世界，它会越来越脱离接下来的程序)" 可知，催眠是引导病人的意识远离现实，进入一个想象中的世界。故选：D。
5细节理解题。根据倒数第一段第一句 "The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January.（这个程序在一月份开始引进的时候，吸引了很多员工）" 以及最后一句" She added that she had a line f staff at her dr wanting t take the training（她补充说，有一队员工在她门口等着接受培训）”可知，这个催眠程序受到了员工的欢迎。A. uncertainty 不确定；B.enthusiasm热情；C.wrry担心；D.criticism批评。故选：B。
2021.3天津卷D篇
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （视角）int specific fields f expertise（专长）. The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
2.The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t .
A.treasure their freedm B.travel arund the wrld
C.spend mst time wrking D.enjy meeting funny peple
3.Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh .
A.is fully aware f his talent and ability B.is a pure specialist in medicine
C.shuld lve petry and philsphy D.brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
【答案】 2.C 3.D
【解析】1.本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中提到 "Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty…These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, …(有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…..这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)" 可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句 "The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。）" 可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
2021.3浙江卷A篇
Mre than 25 years ag, Sar Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day, he played with his brther alng the rail line and fell asleep. When he wke up and fund himself alne, the 4-year-ld decided his brther might be n the train he saw in frnt f him—s he gt n.
That train tk him a thusand miles acrss the cuntry t a ttally strange city. He lived n the streets' and then in an rphanage （孤儿院）. There, he was adpted by an Australian family and flwn t Tasmania.
As he writes in his new bk, A Lng Way Hme, Brierley culdn't help but wnder abut his hmetwn back in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't knw his twn's name, finding a small neighbrhd in a vast cuntry prved t be impssible.
Then he fund a digital mapping prgram. He spent years searching fr his hmetwn in the prgram's satellite pictures. In 2011, he came acrss smething familiar. He studied it and realized he was lking at a twn's central business district frm a bird's-eye view. He thught, "On the right-hand side yu shuld see the three-platfrm train statin"—and there it was. "And n the left-hand side yu shuld see a big funtain"—and there it was. Everything just started t match.
When he std in frnt f the huse where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. "There's smething abut me, " he thught—and it tk him a few secnds but he finally remembered what she used t lk like.
In an interview Brierley says, "My mther lked s much shrter than I remembered. But she came frth and walked frward, and I walked frward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, yu knw, it was like a nuclear fusin （核聚变）. I just didn't knw what t say, because I never thught seeing my mther wuld ever cme true. And here I am, standing in frnt f her."
1.Why was Brierley separated frm his family abut 25 years ag?
A.He gt n a train by mistake. B.He gt lst while playing in the street.
C.He was taken away by a freigner. D.He was adpted by an Australian family.
2.Hw did Brierley find his hmetwn?
A.By analyzing ld pictures. B.By travelling all arund India.
C.By studying digital maps. D.By spreading his stry via his bk.
3.What des Brierley mainly talk abut in the interview?
A.His lve fr his mther. B.His reunin with his mther.
C.His lng way back hme. D.His memry f his hmetwn.
【答案】
【解析】.文章大意：一个走散多年的孩子，重新找回他家庭的故事。
1.细节理解题。关键词25 years ag锁定在第一段When he wke up and fund himself alne, the 4-year-ld decided his brther might be n the train he saw in frnt f him—s he gt n. 可得他走失的原因是误上了火车。故答案为A。
2.细节理解题。关键词hmetwn，锁定第四段Then he fund a digital mapping prgram. He spent years searching fr his hmetwn in the prgram's satellite pictures. 他找到自己的家乡是通过电子地图的，因此选择C选项。故答案为C。
3.细节理解题。关键词interview，锁定最后一段的文章内容可得在采访中他表达的是和他妈妈重聚时他的感觉。故答案为B。
2021.3浙江卷B篇
At the start f the 20th century, an American engineer named Jhn Elfreth Watkins made predictins abut life tday. His predictins abut slwing ppulatin grwth, mbile phnes and increasing height were clse t the mark. But he was wrng in ne predictin that everybdy wuld walk 10 miles a day.
Tday, in Australia, mst children n average fall 2, 000 steps shrt f the physical activity they need t avid being verweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent f children walked t schl, while in 2010, it was as lw as 15 per cent.
The decline is nt because we have all becme lazy, Families are pressed fr time, many with bth parents wrking t pay fr their huse, ften wrking hurs nt f their chsing, living in car-dependent neighbrhds with limited public transprt.
The ther side f the cin is equally a deprivatin: fr health and well-being, as well as lst pprtunities（机会）fr children t get t knw their lcal surrundings. And fr parents there are lst pprtunities t walk and talk with their yung schlar abut their day.
Mst parents will have eagerly asked their child abut their day, nly t meet with a "gd", quickly fllwed by "I'm hungry". This is als my experience as a mther. But Smewhere ver the daily walk mre abut my sn's day cmes ut. I hear him making sense f friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental pprtunity t hear mre.
Many primary schls supprt walking schl-bus rutes（路线）with days f regular, parent-accmpanied walks. Ding just ne f these a few times a week is better than nthing. It can be tugh t begin and takes a little planning—running shes by the frnt dr, lunches made the night befre, umbrellas n rainy days and hats n ht nes—but it's certainly wrth trying.
2.What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A.Plain laziness. B.Health prblems.
C.Lack f time. D.Security cncerns.
3.Why des the authr find walking with her sn wrthwhile?
A.She can get relaxed after wrk. B.She can keep physically fit.
C.She can help with her sn's study. D.She can knw her sn better.
【答案】 2.C 3.D
【解析】文章大意：今天的人们步行数下降。接着分析原因，工作导致时间不够。再者，阐述了这一现象会引起的后果，健康问题以及缺少和孩子沟通的机会。作者最后用自己的例子来说明，和孩子一同步行，能够更了解孩子。
2.细节理解题。第三段第一句The decline is nt because we have all becme lazy … 可知并不是因为懒惰而步行数下降。接着后面分析原因Families are pressed fr time … 家人们的时间紧迫。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第三句But smewhere ver the daily walk mre abut my sn's day cmes ut.这句话主干是mre abut my sn's day cmes ut，可知通过每天陪伴孩子步行，就能更了解孩子。故选D。
2021.3浙江卷B篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees（黑猩猩）use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a "vcabulary" f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5, 000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
1.What d chimps and humans have in cmmn accrding t Dr Hbaiter?
A.Memrizing specific wrds. B.Understanding cmplex infrmatin.
C.Using vices t cmmunicate. D.Cmmunicating messages n purpse.
【答案】1.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑猩猩的语言：使用手势来传递信息，以及相关研究和结论。
1.细节理解题。根据题干的关键信息定位到原文的第二段最后一句话 "Only humans and chimps … sent a message t anther grup member"，只有人类和黑猩猩才有一个交流系统，他们故意向另一个小组成员发送信息，故答案为D。
2020全国1卷C篇
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact（接触） with the grund at all times. It's this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries（卡路里） per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1, 000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt's strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
1.Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A.They must run lng distances. B.They are qualified fr the marathn.
C.They have t fllw special rules. D.They are gd at swinging their legs.
2.What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A.It's mre ppular at the Olympics. B.It's less challenging physically.
C.It's mre effective in bdy building. D.It's less likely t cause knee injuries.
3.What is Dr. Nrberg's suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A.Getting experts' pinins. B.Having a medical checkup.
C.Hiring an experienced cach. D.Ding regular exercises.
【答案】 1.C 2.D 3.A4.B
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中But the sprt's rules require that…ne ft remain in cntact（接触） with the grund at all times. It's this strange frm…attractive activity…可知，竞走运动员必须遵守比较特殊的规则，即竞走者在大部分摆动腿的过程中膝盖要保持笔直，一只脚要始终与地面接触。故选：C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says.可知，竞走不会像跑步那样对身体造成那么大的冲击。因此竞走不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选：D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking…cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says.可知，Nrberg博士建议任何想尝试竞走的人可能应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，学习适当的技术。故选：A。
2020全国1卷D篇
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy（MIT）have taken it a step further—changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they're shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. "We're thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day, " explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw（发光） in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran's team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light, abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff "switch" where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce（电源）—such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway—a lt f energy is lst during transmissin（传输）. Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
2.What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A.T detect plants' lack f water. B.T change cmpsitins f plants.
C.T make the life f plants lnger. D.T test chemicals in plants.
3.What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A.They will speed up energy prductin.
B.They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C.They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D.They culd take the place f pwer plants.
【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C
【解析】
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 "These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they're shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater." 可知，装有传感器的植物可以在叶子上显示缺水情况。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中 "Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy." 可知，发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。故选C。
2020北京卷B篇
Baggy has becme the first dg in the UK—and ptentially the wrld—t jin the fight against air pllutin by recrding pllutant levels near the grund.
Baggy wears a pllutin mnitr n her cllar s she can take data measurements clse t the grund. Her mnitr has shwn that air pllutin levels are higher clser t grund level, which has helped highlight cncerns that babies and yung kids may be at higher risk f develping lung prblems.
2.What can we learn frm the Baggy data?
A.High places are free f air pllutin. B.Higher pushchairs are mre risky fr kids.
C.Cnventinal mnitrs are mre reliable. D.Air is mre plluted clser t the grund.
【答案】2.D
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国一只名叫Baggy的小狗，被主人在项圈上安上了污染监测器，以此来记录地面附近的污染物水平。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话中"Her mnitr has shwn that air pllutin levels are higher clser t grund level"可知，Baggy的监测数据显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，也就是说离地面越近，空气污染越严重。故答案选：D。
2020北京卷D篇
Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus. Fr example, algrithms（算法）carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther. These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are. But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems have been designed. That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t change.
Sme f tday's AI pineers want t mve n frm tday's wrld f "weak" r "narrw" AI, t create "strng" r "full" AI, r what is ften called artificial general intelligence（AGI）. In sme respects, tday's pwerful cmputing machines already make ur brains lk weak. AGI culd, its advcates say, wrk fr us arund the clck, and drawing n all available data, culd suggest slutins t many prblems. DM, a cmpany fcused n the develpment f AGI, has an ambitin t "slve intelligence" . "If we're successful, " their missin statement reads, "we believe this will be ne f the mst imprtant and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made." Since the early days f AI, imaginatin has utpaced what is pssible r even prbable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Gd predicted the eventual creatin f an "ultra-intelligent machine … that can far surpass all the intellectual（智力的）activities f any man, hwever clever." Gd went n t suggest that "the first ultra-intelligent machine" culd be "the last inventin that man need ever make."
2.What culd AGI d fr us, accrding t its supprters?
A.Help t tackle prblems. B.Make brains mre active.
C.Benefit ambitius peple. D.Set up pwerful databases.
【答案】 2.A
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。人工智能虽然正在变得无处不在，但是仍然存在着一些局限性。本文主要围绕着AGI，即通用人工智能进行了介绍。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中第三句话"AGI culd, its advcates say, wrk fr us arund the clck, … culd suggest slutins t many prblems."可知，AGI的支持者认为，AGI可以为我们全天候工作，利用所有可用的数据，并为许多问题提出解决方案，故A项Help t tackle prblems.（帮助解决问题）正确。故答案选：A。
2020全国2卷B篇
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin（认知） after cntrlling fr differences in parents' incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
"The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate（旋转） and translate shapes, " Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
2.What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment?
A.Parents' age. B.Children's imaginatin.
C.Parents' educatin. D.Child-parent relatinship.
3.Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A.They play with puzzles mre ften. B.They tend t talk less during the game.
C.They prefer t use mre spatial language. D.They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
【答案】 2.C 3.D
【解析】本文主要讲述了一个研究，研究发现智力游戏有助于孩子提高数学相关技能。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 "…after cntrlling fr differences in parents' incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said." 可知，Levine考虑了父母收入，学历和交谈数量。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句 "Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls…" 可知，相比于女孩，男孩更想要玩更难的游戏。故选D。
2020全国2卷C篇
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn't crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin（时装） enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria（海狸鼠）.
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. "It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year, " says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters ＄5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. "The ecsystem dwn there can't handle this nn-native species（物种）. It's destrying the envirnment. It's them r us, " says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it's nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn's jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there's Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins. Mdel Paige Mrgan says, "T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that's ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk." Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She's trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
1.What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A.T prmte guilt-free fur. B.T expand the fashin market.
C.T intrduce a new brand. D.T celebrate a winter hliday.
2.Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
【答案】 1.A 2.A
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏，因此环保主义者和时尚爱好者正在试图把海狸鼠的皮毛投入市场中。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year"可知，New Orleans和Brklyn举办时装秀是为了促进皮毛使用的无负罪感，因为海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段第二和第三句"The ecsystem dwn there can't handle this nn-native species. It's destrying the envirnment."可知，科学家们担心海狸鼠是因为它们严重危害了环境。故选A。
2020全国2卷D篇
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce（来源） f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read, using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it! It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks.
Nw I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I've fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can't affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy（盗版行为） and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
3.What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A.Spnsr bk fairs. B.Write fr scial media.
C.Supprt libraries. D.Purchase her nvels.
【答案】3.C
【解析】3.事实细节题。根据最后一段第四句的内容 "I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can" 可知，作者认为所有的作家都应该尽可能地支持图书馆。故选：C。
2020全国3卷C篇
It's hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325, 000 in 2002 t 419, 000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991. The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband's family when they get married.
3.What is the authr's statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A.Family traditins. B.Financial reprts.
C.Published statistics. D.Public pinins.
【答案】 3.C
【解析】1.这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
3.细节理解题。根据第六段"…the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325, 000 in 2002 t 419, 000 in 2013."官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段"It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991…abut 1.8 millin."可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据统计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C。
2020全国3卷D篇
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes（基因）, they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin（突变） that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin—nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they've als built huses n stilts（支柱） in castal waters. "They are simply a stranger t the land, " said Rdney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. "We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders, " Dr. Jubilad said. "I culd see them actually walking under the sea."
2.Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A.In valleys. B.Near rivers. C.On the beach. D.Off the cast.
3.Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A.They culd walk n stilts all day. B.They had a superb way f fishing.
C.They culd stay lng underwater. D.They lived n bth land and water.
【答案】2.D 3.C
【解析】1.这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, … they've als built huses n stilts in castal waters.（这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上）可知，Bajau 把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the cast.（沿海）符合以上说法，故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段的We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders.（我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多）可知，让Jubilad感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They culd stay lng underwater.（他们能在水下待很长时间）符合以上说法，故选C项。
2020.7浙江卷A篇
I am an active playger and play-reader, and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is a hpe f sharing my enthusiasm fr the theater with thers. T d this I have searched thrugh dzens f plays t find the nes that I think best shw the pwer and purpse f the shrt play.
Each play has a theme r central idea which the playwright（剧作家） hpes t get acrss thrugh dialgue and actin. A few characters are used t create a single impressin grwing ut f the theme. It is nt my intentin t pint ut the central theme f each f the plays in this cllectin, fr that wuld, indeed, ruin the pleasure f reading, discussing, and thinking abut the plays and the effectiveness f the playwright. Hwever, a variety f types is represented here. These include cmedy, satire, pignant drama, histrical and reginal drama. T shw the versatility（多面性） f the shrt play, I have included a guidance play, a radi play and a televisin play.
Amng the writers f the plays in this cllectin, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Andersn, Thrntn Wilder, William Saryan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes fr their cntributins t the theater. Mre infrmatin abut the playwrights will be fund at the end f this bk.
T get the mst ut f reading these plays, try t picture the play n stage, with yu, the reader, in the audience. The huselights dim（变暗）. The curtains are abut t pen, and in a few minutes the actin and dialgue will tell yu the stry.
1.What d we knw abut the authr frm the first paragraph?
A.He has written dzens f plays. B.He has a deep lve fr the theater.
C.He is a prfessinal stage actr. D.He likes reading shrt plays t thers.
2.What des the authr avid ding in his wrk?
A.Stating the plays' central ideas. B.Selecting wrks by famus playwrights.
C.Including varius types f plays. D.Offering infrmatin n the playwrights.
3.What des the authr suggest readers d while reading the plays?
A.Cntrl their feelings. B.Apply their acting skills.
C.Use their imaginatin. D.Keep their audience in mind.
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.C4.B
【解析】文章大意：本文介绍作者一本关于戏剧的书，书中有什么内容以及怎样阅读这本书。
1.事实细节题。根据文章第一段第一句后面"and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is a hpe f sharing my enthusiasm fr theater with thers. T d this I have searched thrugh dzens f plays…"可知，作者对戏剧有极大的热情，为此搜寻过许许多多剧本。故选 B。
2.事实细节题。根据文章第二段第三句"It is nt my intentin t pint ut the central theme f each f the plays in this cllectin…"可知，作者无意阐述戏剧的中心主题。故选 A。
3.事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第一句"T get the mst ut f reading these plays, try t picture the play n stage, with yu, the reader, in the audience. The huselights dim. The curtains are abut t pen…"可知，作者建议读者在阅读时要用到想象力。故选 C。
2020.7浙江卷B篇
Fr all f Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transprtatin Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial fr sme cities, thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference. "It's nt ging t fix everything, but adaptive signals have sme benefits fr smaller cities, " he says.
2.What des Kevin Balke say abut adaptive signals?
A.They wrk better n brad rads.
B.They shuld be used in ther cities.
C.They have greatly reduced traffic n the rad.
D.They are less helpful in cities seriusly jammed.
【答案】2.D
【解析】文章大意：本文主要讲了华盛顿Bellevue信号灯时间调整的原因以及研究过程。
2.事实细节题。根据文章第四段最后一句"It's nt ging t fix everything, but adaptive signals have sme benefits fr smaller cities"可知Balke认为适应性信号灯可以在其他小城市起到作用。所以在极其拥挤的大城市作用并不大，故选D。
2020.5天津卷A篇
Yur student ID card identifies yu as a student at the University f Bltn. It will prvide yu with access t University facilities such as University Libraries, Sprts Centre, and Cmputing Services. Please carry yur card with yu at all times. D nt lse yur card r lend it t thers. Yur card is valid during the whle time f yur studies. It remains the prperty（财产） f the University f Bltn at all times.
New students—phtgraphs
Yu will be requested t uplad a passprt sized phtgraph as part f the nline registratin prcess. This shuld be a jpg. file with a size f n mre than 1 MB. Yur phtgraph shuld be a prtrait image in prprtin（比例） t a 6"×4" prtrait phtgraph. It shuld be taken in clur and must nt have been beautified with image filters（滤光镜）.
Yur student ID card will be prvided t yu by yur department during Welcme Week. Please be aware that yu will nt receive this smart card during Welcme Week if yu d nt uplad yur image nline by 4 September 2020.
Replacement cards
If yur student ID card n lnger wrks r has been damaged, r if yu have changed yur persnal r prgramme details, yu shuld call int the Student Administratin Centre（SAC）t request a new ne. Please ensure that yu bring yur existing card with yu. Yur replacement card will be prduced free f charge.
If yur card has been reprted t the Plice as stlen, please als call int the SAC t request a replacement, bringing with yu a cpy f yur Plice Crime Reprt paperwrk. Yur card will be prduced free f charge.
If yur card has been lst, a fee f £5 is charged fr the prductin f a replacement card. Yu are requested t use ur nline payment service.
Nte: Replacement cards will be available fr yu t cllect seven wrking days after making the request. As a security measure, yu are requested t cllect yur card in persn at the SAC.
1.Which f the fllwing is a functin f the student ID card?
A.T remind students t prtect public prperty.
B.T enable students t use resurces in the library.
C.T help students demnstrate their cmputer skills.
D.T prvide infrmatin abut campus facilities.
2.T meet the requirements f the phtgraph n the student ID card, a new student shuld uplad .
A.an image saved as a PDF file
B.a clur picture f their passprt
C.a pht beautified by a phtgrapher
D.a prtrait phtgraph f prper prprtin
3.In which case des a student have t pay fr the replacement f the student ID card?
A.The theft f the card has been fficially prved.
B.The card hlder has changed his r her majr.
C.The card drpped ff int a lake by accident.
D.The card fails t wrk prperly.
4.T cllect yur replacement card, yu shuld .
A.fetch it at the SAC persnally B.g thrugh a security check first
C.call the plice statin in advance D.wait fr seven days befre getting it
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就博尔顿大学学生证的用途、如何办理、更换、领取等方面进行了介绍。
1.理解题。根据文章第一段第二句 "It will prvide yu with access t University facilities such as University Libraries, Sprts Centre, and Cmputing Services." 可知，持有博尔顿大学学生证的学生能使用图书馆的资源。故答案为：B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章New students—phtgraphs小标题下第三句"Yur phtgraph shuld be a prtrait image in prprtin（比例） t a 6"×4" prtrait phtgraph. "可知，新生办理学生证需要上传规定比例的肖像照片。故答案为：D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章Replacement cards小标题下第三段第一句 "If yur card has been lst, a fee f £5 is charged fr the prductin f a replacement card." 可知，如果学生自己丢失了学生证，须缴付补领学生证的费用。故答案为：C。
4.细节理解题。根据文章Nte小标题下最后一句话 "As a security measure, yu are requested t cllect yur card in persn at the SAC." 可知，要领取新卡，你应该亲自到SAC去取。故答案为：A。
2020.5天津卷B篇
One f the mst stressful days f Susan McFrederick's life was watching her sn get wheeled away fr surgery hurs after he was brn in 2011.
But after the peratin, Susan burst int tears fr a different reasn: acrss the cut n their newbrn sn's back was a sweet winter scene, hand-drawn n his bandages（绷带）.
"There were rlling hills f snw, a pine tree and a snwman with a hat and brm, " she recalled. "It was extremely tuching and cmfrting t knw that smebdy had taken the time t d that fr my family. It was a mment I'll never frget."
Susan sn learned the artist was her sn's surgen, Rbert Parry, wh discvered anther way t use his hands in the mid-1980s during his internship（实习期） at a children's medical center, where he saw ne f his clleagues cut ut heart and shark shapes t decrate children's bandages.
"My first reactin was, 'What is he ding? Hey, that's kind f neat, ' " Parry recalled. "I especially liked the reactins f the parents and the patients when they saw his artwrk. The smiles tk everyne's attentin frm the surgery. Then I decided t fllw suit."
Parry quickly graduated frm his early hearts and sharks, and started t surprise families with drawings that captured yung patients' persnalities. Frm Snpy t Spider-Man and bears t butterflies, there isn't much he hasn't drawn. Mst kids want superheres sprts team lgs r princesses, while babies ften receive scenes with flwers, trees and sea creatures. During the last 30 years, Parry estimates he has left examples f his handiwrk ver the stitches（伤口缝线） f mre than 10, 000 children.
"During a time f stress fr families, it's nice t be able t help them smile and laugh, " Parry said. "This is smething psitive that I can d fr them, which is what I like mst abut it."
Fr Parry, the reward is knwing he hpefully made a difference in a child's life, and except fr his drawings n bandages, "they can g n and live their lives and never knw I was in it, " he said.
He's nt ready t retire, but he's fund a new hbby t keep his hands skillful in the years t cme.
"I've taken up knitting（编织）, " Parry said. "Hats, sweaters, glves—I enjy it all. But mstly, I enjy giving everything away."
1.Susan burst int tears after her baby's peratin because she was .
A.mved B.amused C.stressed D.heartbrken
2.Hw did Parry get the idea f decrating children's bandages?
A.He was mtivated by his patients.
B.He was inspired by his clleague.
C.He was required t learn the skill during his internship.
D.He was encuraged by Susan t shw his genius fr art.
3.Parry's artwrks during the last 30 years shw that he .
A.devted himself mre t art than t medicine
B.knew mre abut his patients than their parents
C.tk int cnsideratin the tastes f individual patients
D.created a large number f wrks beynd his expectatins
4.What des Parry expect t achieve with his artwrks?
A.T get a reward frm the artistic circle.
B.T win the admiratin f his clleagues.
C.T make a difference in his dull medical career.
D.T lift the spirits f his patients and their parents.
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C4.D
【解析】1.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了医护工作者Parry在岗位上发光发彩，助人为乐的事迹。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句It was extremely tuching and cmfrting t knw that smebdy had taken the time t d that fr my family.可知，知道有人花时间为她的家人做这件事，Susan很是感动。故答案为：A。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段where he saw ne f his clleagues cut ut heart and shark shapes t decrate children's bandages.可知，他看到一位同事用独特的方式装饰儿童绷带，让Susan获得启发。故答案为：B。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句Parry quickly graduated frm his early … that captured yung patients' persnalities.可知，在最后的30年内，Parry专注于对病人的个性进行研究，开始用捕捉年轻患者个性的素描来给家庭们以惊喜。故答案为：C。
4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段第一句During a time f stress fr families, it's nice t be able t help them smile and laugh.可知，Parry让病人和他们的家人开心，让他们振作起来。故答案为：D。
2020.5天津卷C篇
Transprt has a lt t answer fr when it cmes t harming the planet. While cars and trains are mving twards greener, electric pwer, emissins frm air travel are expected t increase massively by 2050. If we want big green sky slutins, we need blue sky thinking. Frtunately, there's plenty f that happening right nw, particularly the shrt-haul flights pwered by batteries.
Harbur Air is the largest seaplane airline in Nrth America, flying 30, 000 cmmercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year. Significantly, all Harbur Air rutes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit fr electric engines. "As an airline, we're currently in the prcess f turning all ur planes int electric airplanes." says CEO Greg McDugall. T make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX t create the wrld's first cmmercial flight with an electric engine.
Making the skies electric isn't just gd fr the envirnment, it als makes sund financial sense: a small aircraft uses ＄400 n cnventinal fuel fr a 100-mile flight, while an electric ne csts ＄8—12 fr the same distance, and that's befre yu factr in the higher maintenance csts f a traditinal engine. There's als the added bnus that electric planes are just much mre pleasant t fly in. N lud engine nise, n smell f fuel, just envirnmentally friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real prgress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyne's feet firmly n the grund. A battery, even a lithium ne, nly prvides 250 watt-hurs per kilgram; cmpare this t liquid fuel, which has a specific energy f 11, 890 watt-hurs per kilgram. Carrying adequate batteries, hwever, wuld make the plane t heavy t get ff the grund. In aircraft, where every bit f weight cunts, this can't just be ignred.
The transitin（过渡） frm gas t electric in the autmbile industry has been made easier by hybrids—vehicles pwered by bth fuel and electricity. Many believe the same pattern culd be fllwed in the air. Fuel cnsumptin culd be reduced as the electric cmpnent is switched n at key parts f the jurney, especially n take-ff and landing.
It's certainly an exciting time fr electric flying. With cmpanies like Harbur Air taking the lead, battery-pwered planes, especially n shrt-haul jurneys, are set t becme a reality in the next few years.
1.Accrding t Para.1, what is happening in air transprt?
A.New explratins f the sky are being launched.
B.Pllutin caused by batteries is being cntrlled.
C.Effrts are being made t make air travel greener.
D.Demand fr shrt-haul flights is increasing massively.
2.Why is Harbur Air fit fr electric flights?
A.It runs shrt rutes. B.It has a strng partner.
C.Its planes can land n the sea. D.It has planes with pwerful engines.
5.What culd be dne during the transitin frm gas t electric in air flight?
A.T prduce new electric cmpnents. B.T increase battery cnsumptin.
C.T use mixed-pwer technlgy. D.T expand the landing field.
【答案】 1.C 2.A 5.C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要谈及了绿色航空的现状并展望了未来。
1.理解题。根据文章第一段第四句"Frtunately, there's plenty f that happening right nw, particularly the shrt-haul flights pwered by batteries."可知目前正在努力使航空旅行更环保，并已经采取了一些措施。故答案为：C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句"Significantly, all Harbur Air rutes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit fr electric engines."可知所有Harbur Air航线的航程都少于30分钟，即都是短途，故非常适合于电动发动机。故答案为：A。
5理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句"The transitin frm gas t electric in the autmbile industry has been made easier by hybrids-vehicles pwered by bth fuel and electricity."可知由燃料和电力驱动的混合动力汽车使汽车工业中从天然气到电力的过渡变得更加容易。故答案为：C。
2020.5天津卷D篇
Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant" is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥） int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag. Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
2.Accrding t the experts, why is histry useful fr peple t handle challenges f life?
A.The prblems at present are similar t thse in the past.
B.Ancient peple laid ecnmic fundatins fr peple tday.
C.The current challenges f life were predicted by the ancestrs.
D.Peple living lng time ag knew mre abut hw t slve prblem.
【答案】2.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了历史是人类文明的重要组成部分，从5个方面说明了学习历史的重要性。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same."专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。可以得知现在的问题与过去的问题是相似的。故答案为：A。
2020.7天津卷A篇
Hw t Use a Mdern Public Library
Has it been a while since yur last visit t a public library? If s, yu may be surprised t learn that libraries have changed fr the better. It's been years since they were dusty little rms with bks. They have transfrmed themselves int places where yu can develp yur lve f knwledge, meet interesting peple, r find ut hw t start a business.
Check ut a bk. While libraries still lan ut（出借） bks, yu'll find it easier t get a cpy f whatever yu're lking fr, thanks t a cperative netwrk f area libraries. Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks with each ther thrugh the use f delivery vehicles. Once the bk yu've requested is delivered t the nearest branch, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.
Check ut ther items. The library is nw a multimedia zne, laded with infrmatin in many frmats（载体形式）. Yu can brrw mvies n DVDs, music n CDs, and ppular magazines. Sme libraries even lan ut tys and games. If a ppular magazine yu want isn't ffered and the library keeps a list f such requests, they may bring it in when enugh interest is shwn.
Jin targeted reading grups. Libraries will ften hld reading-grup sessins targeted t varius age grups. Perhaps yu'd like t learn a language r imprve yur English. The library may spnsr a language grup yu culd jin. If yu have difficulties reading, ask abut special reading pprtunities. Yur library might be able t accmmdate yu. And yu might find it relaxing t bring yur small kid t a half-hur Stry Time while yu sit quietly in a crner with a gd bk.
Start a business using the help f yur lcal library. If yu want t have a business yur wn, yur lcal library can becme a launch space fr it. In library bks cmputers, yu can find infrmatin n starting a business. Many libraries will help yu with lcally supplied infrmatin abut business management shared thrugh chambers f cmmerce（商会） and gvernment agencies, and they will ffer, printing, faring and database services yu need.
1.Public libraries cnnected by a cperative netwrk benefit readers by .
A.sharing their bks n the Internet
B.giving access t nline reading at a library branch
C.sending a needed bk t a library branch nearly
D.making the checkut prcedures diverse
2.Accrding t Paragraph 3, what items may be the checked ut frm a public library?
A.A magazine and an e-bk. B.A game and an il painting.
C.A music CD and a kid's ty. D.A DVD and a vide player.
3.As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid t a half-hur Stry Time allws .
A.the kid t learn a new language
B.the parent t enjy quiet reading
C.the kid t vercme reading difficulties
D.the parent t meet their prgram spnsr
4.Yur lcal library can help yu start a business by .
A.prviding relevant infrmatin and supprting services
B.ffering prfessinal advice n business management
C.supplying useful infrmatin f yur ptential buyers
D.arranging meetings with gvernment fficials
【答案】 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks…thrugh the use f delivery vehicles."以及"Once the bk yu have requested is delivered t the nearest branch…s yu can pick it up"可知，通过这样的网络，图书馆通过使用送货工具彼此共享书籍。而且一旦您将请求的书籍传递到最近的分支机构，它们就会通过电子邮件通知您，因此通过这种快捷的传递方式使读者受益，将所需要的书发送到附近的图书馆分支机构。故选：C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二三句话"Yu can brrw mvies n DVDs, music n CDs, and ppular magazines."以及"Sme libraries even lan ut tys and games."可知，可以借用DVD上的电影，CD上的音乐以及流行的杂志，甚至有些图书馆甚至借出玩具和游戏。故选：C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句话"And yu might find it relaxing t bring yur small kid t a half-hur Stry Time while yu sit quietly in a crner with a gd bk."可知，带着孩子一起去一个半小时故事时间，你坐在角落里安静的看一本好书时，是非常放松的。故选：B。
4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话"Many libraries will help yu with lcally supplied infrmatin…chambers f cmmerce（商会） and gvernment agencies…services yu need."可知，许多图书馆共享本地提供的有关业务管理的信息，并为您提供您所需要的信息。故选：A。
2020.7天津卷B篇
"They tell me that yu'd like t make a statue（塑像） f me—is that crrect, Miss Vinnie Ream? "
The deep, gentle vice helped calm the nervus girl. Asking a favr f the President f the United States was n casual matter, especially fr a seventeen-year-ld girl.
"Yes, sir, " she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. "I wuldn't have dared t ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner."
Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. "I wrk quickly, " she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. "If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk."
1.What gave Vinnie cnfidence t make her request f President Lincln?
A.Her aggressive persnality. B.Mr. Mills's encuraging remark.
C.President Lincln's gentle vice. D.Her interest in a challenging jb.
4.Vinnie wanted t chse the crner near the windws t .
A.achieve effects f natural lighting B.keep all her tls within easy reach
C.bserve the President at a right angle D.avid disturbing the President's wrk
【答案】 1.B 4.D
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中"I wuld nt have dared t ask yu, but my teacher Mr. Mills, says I am ready."可知，是由于温妮老师鼓励的话，温妮才敢对总统提出要求。故选：B。
4.细节理解题。根据文章第九段中"If I were t bring my clay here…afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk."可知，温妮带着她黏土来，每天下午工作三小时，当总统在工作时，她就可以完成大部分工作，就可以不占用总统的时间，也可以完成雕塑。说明温妮找一个靠窗的小角落主要是为了不打扰总统的工作。故选：D。
2020.7天津卷C篇
Fr peple wh are interested in sund, the field f sund technlgy is definitely making nise. In the past, sund engineers wrked in the back rms f recrding studis, but many f tday's sund prfessinals are sharing their knwledge and experience with prfessinals in ther fields t create new prducts based n the phenmenn we call sund.
Sund can be used as a weapn. Imagine that a plice fficer is chasing a thief. The thief tries t escape. And the fficer can't let him get away. He pulls ut a special device, pints it at the suspect, and switches it n. The thief drps t the grund. This new weapn is called a Lng Range Acustic Device（LRAD，远程定向声波发射器）. It prduces a deafening sund s painful that it temprarily disables a persn. The nise frm the LRAD is directed like a ray f light and travels nly int the ears f that persn, but it is nt deadly.
Fr thse wh hunger fr sme peace and quiet, sund can nw create silence. Let's say yu are at the airprt, and the little by n the seat next t yu is humming（哼唱） a shrt cmmercial sng. He hums it ver and ver again, and yu are abut t g crazy. Thanks t the Silence Machine, a British inventin, yu can get rid f the sund withut upsetting the by r his parents. One may wnder hw the Silence Machine wrks. Well, it functins by analyzing the waves f the incming sund and creating a secnd set f utging waves. The tw sets f waves cancel each ther ut. Simply turn the machine n pint it at the target, and yur peace and quiet cmes back.
Directed sund is a new technlgy that allws cmpanies t use sund in much the same way sptlights（聚光灯） are used in the theater. A sptlight lights up nly ne sectin f a stage; similarly, a "sptsund" creates a circle f sund in ne targeted area. This can be useful fr businesses such as restaurants and stres because it ffers a new way t attract custmers. Restaurants can ffer a chice f music alng with the varius fd chices n the menu, allwing custmers mre cntrl ver the atmsphere in which they are dining. Directed sund is als beginning t appear in shpping centers and even at hmes.
2.The Silence Machine is a device specially designed t .
A.silence the peple arund yu B.remve the sund f cmmercials
C.blck the incming sund waves D.stp unwanted sund frm affecting yu
3.What feature d sptsunds and sptlights share?
A.They travel in circles. B.They clear the atmsphere.
C.They can be transfrmed int energy. D.They can be directed nt a specific area.
4.Directed sund can be used fr .
A.creative designs f restaurant menus B.ideal sund effects n the theater stage
C.different chices f music fr businesses D.strict cntrl ver any suspicius custmer
【答案】2.D 3.D 4.C
【解析】
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Thanks t the Silence Machine, a British inventin, yu can get rid f the sund withut upsetting the by r his parents."可知，沉默机器让你摆脱掉身边不想听到的声音。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中"similarly, a 'sptsund' creates a circle f sund in ne targeted area"可知，类似地，一个 "斑点声音" 在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。信息句中ne targeted area与选项D中a specific area形成对应。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据第四段中"This can be useful fr businesses such as restaurants and stres…chices n the menu"可知，定向声对商业有用途，例如餐厅可以提供音乐和菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客可以更多地控制就餐的气氛。故选C。
2020.7天津卷D篇
After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curiusly and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges（驱策力） cunt fr much mre than ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, "Why? Why? Why? "
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn't have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
2.What des the example f Galile tell us?
A.Trial and errr leads t the finding f truth.
B.Scientists tend t be curius and ambitius.
C.Creativity results frm challenging authrity.
D.Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire t explre.
3.What can yu d t recapture curisity and discntent?
A.Observe the unknwn arund yu. B.Develp a questining mind.
C.Lead a life f adventure. D.Fllw the fashin.
【答案】 2.D 3.B
【解析】
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中"Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent."可知，伟大来自于一直抱有探索的激情。故选：D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中"We are brn with them and need nly recapture them."以及第四段中"Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm."可知，我们要保留好奇心，不断提问，才能激发体内的好奇心和不满足，否则我们就会丢掉。故选：B。
2020.1浙江卷A篇
Milwaukee, Wiscnsin, is rad testing a new way t keep winter rads ice-free-by spreading n them cheese bring, the salty liquid used t make sft cheeses, like mzzarella.
Wiscnsin. als called "America's Dairyland, " is famus fr its cheese. The state prduced 2.8 billin punds f cheese last year! As a result, there was a lt f leftver cheese bring. Dispsing f（处置）the bring can be expensive. S what shuld cheese makers d with the waste?
Nrmally, twns use rck salt t de-ice streets. The salt lwers water's freezing pint, causing ice t melt（融化）. But using cheese bring culd help bth cheese prducers and cities save mney, while keeping rads safe. Cheese bring has salt in it, which, like the rck salt, helps lwer water's freezing pint.
In additin t saving mney, cheese bring culd als be a mre ec-friendly ptin. Many peple suspect that all the rck salt used every winter is harming the envirnment.
Rck salt is made f sdium chlride, the same cmpund（化合物）in rdinary table salt. Sunds harmless, right? But while yu prbably add nly a small amunt f salt t yur fd, rad crews spread abut 20 millin tns f salt n U. S. rads every year!
The chemical washes ff rads and ges int the grund. There it can pllute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away sil. By spreading cheese bring n streets befre adding a layer f rck salt, Milwaukee may be able t cut its rck salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese bring has a dwnside t—a smell similar t that f bad milk. "I dn't really mind it, " Email Nrby tld Mdern Farmer magazine. He wrks fr ne f Wiscnsin's cunty highway cmmissins and came up with the idea f using cheese bring. "Our rads smell like Wiscnsin!" he said.
1.Why can cheese bring help keep winter rads ice-free?
A.It is sft. B.It cntains salt. C.It is warm. D.It has milk in it.
2.What is a benefit f using cheese brine n rads?
A.Imprving air quality. B.Increasing sales f rck salt.
C.Reducing water pllutin. D.Saving the cheese industry.
【答案】 1.B 2.C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第三段 "The salt lwers freezing pint, causing ice t melt… Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rck salt, helps lwer water's freezing pint." 盐降低了冰点，使冰融化。奶酪盐水里有盐，和岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点。可知答案为B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段 "In additin t saving mney, cheese brine culd als be a mre ec-friendly ptin." 除了省钱，奶酪卤水也可能是一个更环保的选择。可知答案为C。
2020.1浙江卷B篇
Tday's wrld is nt an easy adjustment fr yung adults. A key skill set fr success is persistence（毅力）, a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.
BYU prfessrs Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after fllwing 325 American families ver several years. And ver time, the persistence gained thrugh fathers led t higher achievement in schl.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique rle f fathers." Padilla-Walker said. "This research als helps t prve that characteristics such as persistence-which can he taught-are key t a child's life success."
Researchers determined that dads need t practice an "authritative" parenting style. Authritative parenting is nt authritarian: rigid, demanding r cntrlling. Rather, an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics: children feel warmth and lve frm their father; respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed; children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy（自主权）.
In the study, abut 52 percent f the dads exhibited abve-average levels f authritative parenting. A key finding is that ver time, children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence, which leads t better utcmes in schl.
This particular study examined la t 14-year-lds living in tw-parent hmes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence, which is an avenue f future research.
1.What is special abut the RYU prfessrs' study?
A.It centered n fathers'rle in parenting.
B.It was based n a number f large families.
C.It analyzed different kinds f parenting style's.
D.It aimed t imprve kids' achievement in schl.
3.Which grup can be a fcus f future studies accrding t the researchers?
A.Single parents. B.Children aged frm 11 t 14.
C.Authritarian fathers. D.Mthers in tw-parent hmes.
【答案】 1.A 2.D3.A 4.C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第1段最后一句话”Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence ".可知“BYU的研究者发现父亲在帮助自己青春期的孩子学会坚持这件事上有独特的地位" ，所以他们的研究重在父亲在育儿中的作用，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话，Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence, which is an avenue f future research. "单亲家庭可能仍然在教孩子坚持的好处上有作用，这是将来研究的一种途径" ，所以将来的研究可能会关注单亲家庭，故选A。
2020 江苏卷B篇
Smetimes it's hard t let g. Fr many British peple, that can apply t institutins and bjects that represent their cuntry's past-age-ld castles, splendid hmes… and red phne bxes.
Beaten first by the march f technlgy and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phne bxes representative f an age are nw making smething f a cmeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared n city streets and village greens husing tiny cafes, cellphne repair shps r even defibrillatr machines (除颤器).
The riginal irn bxes with the rund rfs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Sctt, the architect f the Battersea Pwer Statin in Lndn. After becming an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards.
Abut that time, Tny Inglis' engineering and transprt cmpany gt the jb t remve phne bxes frm the streets and sell them ut. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds f them himself, with the idea f repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls t preserve the bxes and had seen hw sme f them were listed as histric buildings.
As Inglis and, later ther businessmen, gt t wrk, repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as imprtant fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively lng time t arrive, the phne bxes have taken n a lifesaving rle. Lcal rganizatins can adpt them fr 1 pund, and install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies.
Others als lked at the phne bxes and saw business pprtunities. LveFne, a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning them, pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016.
The tiny shps made ecnmic sense, accrding t Rbert Kerr, a funder f LveFne. He said that ne f the bxes generated arund 400 t rent.
Inglis said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last. "I like what they are t peple, and I enjy bringing things back," he said.
1.The phne bxes are making a cmeback .
A.t frm a beautiful sight f the city B.t imprve telecmmunicatins services
C.t remind peple f a histrical perid D.t meet the requirement f green ecnmy
2.Why did the phne bxes begin t g ut f service in the 1980s?
A.They were nt well-designed. B.They prvided bad services.
C.They had t shrt a histry. D.They lst t new technlgies.
【答案】 1.C 2.D
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段Smetimes it's hard t let g. Fr many British peple, that can apply t institutins and bjects that represent their cuntry's past — age-ld castles, splendid hmes... and red phne bxes.（有时候真的很难放手。对许多英国人来说，这可以适用于代表他们国家过去历史的机构和物品——古老的城堡、辉煌的住宅……还有红色的电话亭）和最后一段中Inglis said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last.（英格利斯说，电话亭让人想起了一个东西经久耐用的时代）可知，电话亭正在卷土重来，以提醒人们一个历史时期。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中After becming an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards.（在成为英国许多街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，随着移动电话的兴起，大部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场）可知，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用是因为它们输给了新技术。故选D。
2020 江苏卷C篇
T find ut, British scientists cnducted a study. They first fund 10 verweight and inactive but therwise healthy yung men, whse lifestyles are, fr better and wrse, representative f thse f mst f us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metablic (新陈代谢的) rates and tk samples (样品) f their bld and fat tissue.
Then, n tw separate mrning visits t the scientists' lab, each man walked fr an hur at an average speed that, in thery, shuld allw his bdy t rely mainly n fat fr fuel. Befre ne f these wrkuts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised n a cmpletely empty stmach after a lng vernight fast (禁食). On the ther ccasin, they ate a rich mrning meal abut tw hurs befre they started walking.
Just befre and an hur after each wrkut, the scientists tk additinal samples f the men's bld and fat tissue.
Then they cmpared the samples. There were cnsiderable differences. Mst bviusly, the men displayed lwer bld sugar levels at the start f their wrkuts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned mre fat during walks n an empty stmach than when they had eaten first. On the ther hand, they burned slightly mre calries (卡路里), n average, during the wrkut after breakfast than after fasting.
2.Why were the 10 peple chsen fr the experiment?
A.Their lifestyles were typical f rdinary peple.
B.Their lack f exercise led t verweight.
C.They culd walk at an average speed.
D.They had slw metablic rates.
3.What happened t thse wh ate breakfast befre exercise?
A.They successfully lst weight. B.They cnsumed a bit mre calries.
C.They burned mre fat n average. D.They displayed higher insulin levels.
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D
【解析】
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中They first fund 10 verweight and inactive but therwise healthy yung men, whse lifestyles are, fr better and wrse, representative f thse f mst f us.可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，不管怎样，他们的生活方式代表了我们大多数人。可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第六段中As a result, they burned mre fat during walks n an empty stmach than when they had eaten first. On the ther hand, they burned slightly mre calries, n average, during the wrkut after breakfast than after fasting.可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们先吃东西再散步所燃烧的脂肪要多。另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。
2020 江苏卷D篇
I was in the middle f the Amazn (亚马逊) with my wife, wh was there as a medical researcher. We flew n a small plane t a faraway village. We did nt speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms, and mre ften than nt, did nt entirely recgnize the fd. We culd nt have felt mre freign.
We were raised n bks and cmputers, highways and cell phnes, but nw we were living in a village withut running water r electricity. It was easy fr us t g t sleep at the end f the day feeling a little misunderstd.
Then ne perfect Amaznian evening, with mnkeys calling frm beynd the village green, we played sccer. I am nt gd at sccer, but that evening it was wnderful. Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly. As darkness came ver the field and the match ended, the gal keeper, Juan, walked ver t me and said in a matter-f-fact way, "In yur hme, d yu have a mn t?" I was surprised.
After I explained t Juan that yes, we did have a mn and yes, it was very similar t his, I felt a srt f awe (敬畏) at the pssibilities that existed in his wrld, In Juan's wrld, each village culd have its wn mn. In Juan's wrld, the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus. Anything was pssible.
In ur sciety, we knw that Earth has nly ne mn. We have lked at ur planet frm every angle and fund all f the wildest things left t find. I can, frm my cmputer at hme, pull up satellite images f Juan's village. There are n mre cntinents and n mre mns t search fr, little left t discver. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thught abut Juan's questin, I was nt sure hw much mre we culd really rule ut. I am, in part, an ant bilgist, s my thughts turned t what we knw abut insect life and I knew that much in the wrld f insects remains unknwn. Hw much, thugh? Hw ignrant (无知的) are we? The questin f what we knw and d nt knw cnstantly bthered me.
I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new mnkey, new spider…, and n and n they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species, fur hundred species f bacteria fund in the human stmach. The secnd drawer began t fill and as it did, I wndered whether there were bigger discveries ut there, nt just species, but life that depends n things thught t be useless, life even withut DNA. I started a third drawer fr these big discveries. It fills mre slwly, but all the same, it fills.
In lking int the stries f bilgical discvery, I als began t find smething else, a cllectin f scientists, usually brilliant, ccasinally half-mad, wh made the discveries. Thse scientists very ften see the same things that ther scientists see, but they pay mre attentin t them, and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin (穷尽), and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers. In lking fr the stries f discvery, I fund the stries f these peple and hw their lives changed ur view f the wrld.
We are repeatedly willing t imagine we have fund mst f what is left t discver. We used t think that insects were the smallest rganisms (生物), and that nthing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when smething new turns up, mre ften than nt, we d nt even knw its name.
2.What made that Amaznian evening wnderful?
A.He learned mre abut the lcal language.
B.They had a nice cnversatin with each ther.
C.They understd each ther while playing.
D.He wn the sccer game with the gal keeper.
5.Hw did thse brilliant scientists make great discveries?
A.They shifted their viewpints frequently. B.They fllwed ther scientists clsely.
C.They ften criticized their fellw scientists. D.They cnducted in-depth and clse studies.
【答案】2.C 5.D
【解析】
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C。
5细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“but they pay mre attentin t them ,and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin ,and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家通过进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）B篇
Jennifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin (学费), because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jennifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t earn her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. ''Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,'' she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family — and that's pretty pwerful.
1.What did Jennifer d after high schl?
A.She helped her dad with his wrk. B.She ran the family farm n her wn.
C.She supprted herself thrugh cllege. D.She taught her sisters and brthers at hme.
2.Why did Jennifer chse the prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield?
A.T take care f her kids easily. B.T learn frm the best nurses.
C.T save mney fr her parents. D.T find a well-paid jb there.
3.What did Jennifer sacrifice t achieve her gal?
A.Her health. B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputatin. D.Her chance f prmtin.
4.What can we learn frm Jennifer's stry?
A.Time is mney. B.Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C.Hard wrk pays ff. D.Educatin is the key t success.
【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin.（高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院。通过打工来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育）可知，高中毕业后，Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学学业，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supprted herself thrugh cllege.（她自食其力读完了大学）符合以上说法，故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids.（她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾孩子。A. T take care f her kids easily.（为了方便照顾她的孩子）符合以上说法，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Jennifer sacrificed t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study.（Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动）可知，为了实现自己的目标，Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.（她与家人共处的时光）符合以上说法，故选B。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
1.What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitatin. B.His interest in the cuntry.
C.His lve fr teaching. D.His desire t regain health.
【答案】1.B
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）D篇
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
1.What is the recent study mainly abut?
A.Fd safety. B.Mvie viewership.
C.Cnsumer demand. D.Eating behavir.
【答案】 1.D
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake.可知，根据《消费者研究》杂志最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食伙伴的胖瘦和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
2020年海南B篇
The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f "frbidden fruit" that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl（手枪）.
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistl t me, " I said. "I'm ging t put it in my Grandma's Bx."
"What's that? " they asked.
"It's a large wden chest full f tys fr my grandchildren, " replied.
"Yu dn't have grandchildren, " smene said.
"I dn't knw, " I replied. "But smeday I will. When I d, my bx will be full f wnderful things fr them."
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away-since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
The years went by, and my first grandchild Grdn was brn. I shared my jy with that year's class. Then smene said, "Nw yu can use yur Grandma's Bx." Frm then n, instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, "That's kay. Put it in yur Grandma's Bx fr Grdn."
I lved talking abut the imaginary bx, nt nly with my students but als with my wn children. They enjyed hearing abut all the frbidden fruit I had cllected. Then ne Christmas l received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wden chest. My sn Bruce had made my Grandma's Bx a reality.
1.What was the authr's purpse in having the cnversatin with the students?
A.T cllect the water pistl. B.T talk abut her grandchildren.
C.T recmmend sme tys. explain her teaching methd.
3.What did the students d after they learned abut the birth f Grdn?
A.They went t play with the baby. B.They asked t see the Grandma's Bx.
C.They made a present fr Grdn. stpped asking their tys back.
【【答案】】1.A .3.D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个 "奶奶的盒子" 的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将 "奶奶的盒子" 变成了现实。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段中I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f "frbidden fruit" that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl.（在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的 "禁果" 。现在流行的是水枪）以及第三段中 "Please bring that pistl t me, " I said. "I'm ging t put it in my Grandma's Bx." （"请把那支水枪给我，" 我说。 "我要把它放在我 '奶奶的盒子' 里。"）由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选：A。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 "Frm then n instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, "That's kay. Put it in yur Grandma's Bx fr Grdn." （从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财物，而是说："没关系。把它放在你 '奶奶给戈登的盒子' 里"）由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，他们不再索要玩具。故选：D。
2020年海南C篇
In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50, 000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250, 000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible: the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway（晃动）. The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is, " Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
1.What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?
A.It carried mre weight than it culd. B.It swayed vilently in a strng wind
C.Its radway was damaged by vehicles access was blcked by many peple.
3.What des the last paragraph suggest?
A.Failure can lead t prgress. B.Success results in vercnfidence.
C.Failure shuld be avided. cmes frm jint effrts.
【答案】1A 3A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段 "In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party…By the time 250, 000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway" 可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选：A。
3细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 "It is failure that brings imprvement." 可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选：A。
2020年海南D篇
Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals. Can yu believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazn may have mre species f ants than the whle f Britain! Abut 480 varieties f trees may be fund in just ne hectare f rainfrest.
Rainfrests are the lungs f the planet—string vast quantities f carbn dixide and prducing a significant amunt f the wrld's xygen. Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy（树冠层）f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.
1.What can we learn abut rainfrests frm the first paragraph?
A.They prduce xygen. B.They cver a vast area.
C.They are well managed. are rich in wildlife.
2.Which f the fllwing cntributes mst t the survival f rainfrests?
A.Heavy rains. B.Big trees.
C.Small plants. animals
【【答案】】1D. 2.B 3.C 4.A
【解析】
本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为 "世界上最大的药房"，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有 "地球之肺" 的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段 "Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals." 得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选：D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy（树冠层）f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选：B。
四、实战演练
1.
Benjamin West, the father f American painting, shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age. But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne. In thse days, a brush was made frm camel’s hair. There were n camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead. He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush.
The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the cat began t lk ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
The cat’s lt was abut t imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin’s cusins, Mr. Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings （版画）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years ld，Mr. Penningtn returned fr anther visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the by t Philadelphia fr a visit.
In the city, Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings. The by began a landscape (风景) painting. Williams, a well-knwn painter, came t see him wrk. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme. The bks were lng and dull. Benjamin culd read nly a little, having been a pr student. But he later said,” Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day, and under my pillw at night.” While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
23. What did Penningtn d t help Benjamin develp his talent?
A. He tk him t see painting exhibitins.
B. He prvided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him t a schl in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him hw t make engravings.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段“Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings”, 可知Penningtn为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B。
24. Williams’ tw bks helped Benjamin t ________.
A. master the use f paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get t knw ther painters
D. make up his mind t be a painter
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段“While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist, 可知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D。
2.
Getting less sleep has becme a bad habit fr mst American kids. Accrding t a new survey(调查) by the Natinal Sleep Fundatin, 51% f kids aged 10 t 18 g t bed at 10 pm r later n schl nights, even thugh they have t get up early. Last year the Fundatin reprted that nearly 60% f 7- t 12-year-lds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at schl.
Hw much sleep yu need depends a lt n yur age. Babies need a lt f rest: mst f them sleep abut 18 hurs a day! Adults need abut eight hurs. Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal(理想的). But the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey fund that 35% f 10- t 12-year-lds get nly seven r eight hurs. And guess what almst half f the surveyed kids said they d befre bedtime? Watch TV.
“Mre children are ging t bed with TVs n, and there are mre pprtunities(机会) t stay awake, with mre hmewrk, the Internet and the phne,” says Dr. Mary Carskadn, a sleep researcher at Brwn University Medical Schl. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep. Other experts say part f the prblem is chemical. Changing levels f bdy chemicals called hrmnes nt nly make teenagers’ bdies develp adult characteristics, but als make it hard fr teenagers t fall asleep befre 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a prblem fr teenagers, sme schl districts have decided t start high schl classes later than they used t. Three years ag, schls in Edina, Minnesta, changed the start time frm 7:25 am t 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey n?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities t prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning prblems and lack f sleep.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题，根据文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A。
26. Hw many hurs f sleep d 11-year-lds need every day?
A. 7 hurs. B. 8 hurs. C. 10 hurs. D. 18 hurs.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题，根据第二段“Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal”, 所以11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C。
27. Why d teenagers g t sleep late accrding t Carskadn?
A. They are affected by certain bdy chemicals.
B. They tend t d things that excite them.
C. They fllw their parents’ examples.
D. They dn’t need t g t schl early.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，根据第三段“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep”,所以她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B。
3.
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hbby. He finds ld military（军队的）medals fr sale in antique stres and n the Internet.But unlike mst cllectrs, Zac tracks dwn the medals’ rightful wners, and returns them.
His effrt t reunite families with lst medals began with a Christmas gift frm his mther, a Purple Heart with the name Crrad A. G. Piccli, fund in an antique shp. Zac knws the meaning f a Purple Heart-he earned ne himself in a war as a sldier. S when his mther gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had t d.
Thrugh the Internet, Zac tracked dwn Crrad’s sister Adeline Rckk. But when he finally reached her, the wman flded him with questins: "Wh are yu？What antique shp？" Hwever, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. S she called Zac back and aplgized. Sn she drve t meet Zac in Watertwn, N.Y. "At that pint, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "T drive eight hurs t cme t see me."
The Picclis grew up the children f Italian immigrants in Watertwn. Crrad, a translatr fr the Army during WWII, was killed in actin in Eurpe.
Befre hearing frm Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the ne Zac’s mther had fund was a family treasure." This medal was very precius t my parents. Only n special ccasins（场合）wuld they take it ut and let us hld it in ur hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline culdn't understand why the medal was s significant. “But as I grew lder,” Adeline says, "and missed my brther mre and mre, I realized that was the nly thing we had left." Crrad Piccli’s Purple Heart medal nw hangs at the Italian American Civic Assciatin in Watertwn.
Zac recently returned anther lst medal t a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Crrad’s medal, Zac says his recrd is nw 5 fr 5.
9.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal fr himself？
A. In the army.B. In an antique shp.
C. Frm his mther.D. Frm Adeline Rckk.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话Zac knws the meaning f a Purple Heart-he earned ne himself in a war as a sldier.可知他是在部队中得到奖牌的。
10. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice.B. Her knwledge f antiques.
C. Her childhd dream.D. Her memry f her brther.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题，根据文章倒数第二段第一、二句话As a child, Adeline culdn't understand why the medal was s significant. “But as I grew lder,” Adeline says, "and missed my brther mre and mre, I realized that was the nly thing we had left." 可知她是因为哥哥而重视这枚奖牌。
4.
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and the elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an even larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住权) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always “see me as a freigner,” an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy. B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy. D. T better mix with the Italians.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题，根据第一段第二句“but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test…”可知，Cjchru为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A。
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句“,even thugh she ‘s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently”可知Cjchru的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工作，故选C。
5.
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third-generatin native f Brwnsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned mve away. Even when her daughter and sn asked her t mve t San Antni t help their children, she plitely refused. Only after a year f friendly discussin did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was fur years ag. Tday all three generatins regard the mve t a success, giving them a clser relatinship than they wuld have had in separate cities.
N statistics shw the number f grandparents like Garza wh are mving clser t the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is grwing. Even President Obama's mther-in-law, Marian Rbinsn, has agreed t leave Chicag and int the White Huse t help care fr her granddaughters. Accrding t a study f grandparents.cm, 83 percent f the peple said Mrs. Rbinsn's decisin will influence the grandparents in the American family. Tw-thirds believe mre families will fllw the example f Obama's family.
“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and culdn't get away frm hme far enugh r fast enugh t prve we culd d it n ur wn,” says Christine Crsby, publisher f Grate magazine fr grandparents. “We nw realize hw imprtant family is and hw imprtant t be near them, especially when yu're raining children.”
Mving is nt fr everyne. Almst every grandparent wants t be with his r her grandchildren and is willing t make sacrifices, but smetimes it is wiser t say n and visit frequently instead. Having yur grandchildren far away is hard, especially knwing yur adult child is struggling, but giving up the life yu knw may be harder.
25. Why was Garza’s mve a success?
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It imprved her living cnditins.
C．It enabled her make mre friends.
D．It helped her knw mre new places.
【答案】A
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第一段“Tday all three generatins regard the mve t a success, giving them a clser relatinship than they wuld have had in separate cities.”可知他们的家庭关系更加紧密了。
26. What was the reactin f the public t Mrs. Rbinsn's decisin?
A．17% expressed their supprt fr it.
B．Few peple respnded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majrity thught it was a trend.
【答案】D
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第二段“Accrding t a study grandparents cm. 83 percent f the peple said Mrs. Rbinsn ‘s decisin will influence the grandparents in the American family. Tw-thirds believe mre families will fllw the example f Obama’s family.”可知大多数人认为会有更多的美国家庭效仿奥巴马家庭的范例，成为一种趋势。
6.
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr(捐献者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
I had ne trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Prvidence, Rhde Island, and was meant t fly t Washingtn then back t Lndn. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Prvidence, the lady n the desk said: “Well, I'm really srry, I've gt sme bad news fr yu-there are n flights frm Washingtn.” S I tk my bx and put it n the desk and I said: “In this bx are sme stem cells that are urgently needed fr a patient-please, please, yu've gt t get me back t the United Kingdm.”She just drpped everything. She arranged fr a flight n a small plane t be held fr me, re-ruted(改道)me thrugh Newark and gt me back t the UK even earlier than riginally scheduled.
Fr this curier jb, yu're cnsciusly aware that in that bx yu've gt smething that is ptentially ging t save smebdy's life.
30. Why des Peter have t cmplete his trip within 42 hurs?
A. He cannt stay away frm his jb t lng.
B. The dnr can nly wait fr that lng.
C. The peratin needs that much time.
D. The ice wn't last any lnger.
【答案】D
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第一段“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last in all.”可知两个冰袋可持续的最长时间为24小时。
31. Which flight did the wman put Peter n first?
A. T Lndn. B. T Newark.C. T Prvidence. D. T Washingtn.
【答案】B
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第二段最后一句“She arranged fr a flight n a small plane t be held fr mere-ruted(改道)me thrugh Newark and gt me back t the UK”可知作者途经Newark然后回到英国。同义替换
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lse ne's jb换成了be ut f wrk。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把imprtant变换成f imprtance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳
用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项。
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有
符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意
与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半
部分正确，部分错误。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：Gergia, sell, bjects
锁信息
定位：用Gergia，sell，bjects寻读，在文中找到信息源——She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
选项
选项意思
定位
A
为她的假期储蓄。
曲解文意
B
为一个贫困女孩募捐。
曲解文意
C
把钱放入她的基金。
同义替换
D
把钱送给一个生病的妈妈。
无中生有
[分析] 选C 比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基金；选项和原文中均出现fund一词，故为直接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：cherries
锁信息
定位：用cherries寻读，在文中找到信息源——As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
选项
选项意思
定位
A
它们含有蛋白质。
张冠李戴
B
它们富含维生素A。
张冠李戴
C
它们口感好。
同义替换
D
它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。
张冠李戴
[分析] 选C 根据该段最后一句“As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C．”可知，原文中的they are s delicius被替换成选项中的They have a pleasant taste，为间接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：6,000
锁信息
定位：用6,000寻读，在文中找到信息源——The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
大约6 800种。
6 800为现在世界现存语言数量。
张冠李戴
B
大约3 400种。
世界语言总量的一半即为3 400。
信息归纳
C
大约2 400种。
2 400为非洲语言数量。
张冠李戴
D
大约1 200种。
数字1 200在原文中没有出现，也无法做出有效归纳。
无中生有
[分析] 选B 根据本段第一句“At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。根据以上数据的归纳概括可知B项为正确选项。
选项
选项关键词
信息区间
A
The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin
第一段第四句
B
Mre than 10,000 Chinese
第二段第一、二句
C
Thusands f spicy fds are n shw
第二段倒数第二句
D
An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning
第三段第二句
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
Stiltn滚动奶酪比赛的主要奖品是啤酒或波尔图葡萄酒。
奖品是a cmplete Stiltn cheese。
张冠李戴
B
一万多名中国人参加Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival。
参加者来自世界各地。
曲解文意
C
在Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival上，成千上万种辛辣食物被展出。
展出了成千上万种食物。
同义替换
D
在La Tmatina节日的开始，会举行一场激动人心的“西红柿大战”。
“西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾，而不是节日的开始。
曲解文意