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高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题08阅读理解之细节理解题——耐心比对（含解析）
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这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题08阅读理解之细节理解题——耐心比对（含解析），共25页。
专题08 阅读理解之细节理解题——耐心比对
层级一
送分题目分分得
细节理解题大都比较容易，只需要认真阅读题目，细心比对原文就能解答正确。对于这种题目，要认真解题，确保一分不丢。
近3年高考细节理解题题量统计
考纲解读
年份
卷别
2022
2021
2020
(1)命题人会要求考生根据不同的要求来阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或
准确地寻求所需的细节。
(2)细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，相对比较容易，是阅读理解的送分题。
新高考卷Ⅰ
6
8
新高考卷II
7
8
全国卷Ⅰ(全国乙卷)
8
6
7
全国卷Ⅱ(全国甲卷)
8
5
8
全国卷Ⅲ
7
阅读理解的4种命题形式中， 细节理解题难度低，但占比极高， 故而成为考生从阅读理解题中获取高分的基础。 值得注意的是， 近几年高考细节理解题的难度有所增加， 题目信息往往是原文信息的同义转述， 有时答案需要跨段寻找，需要将几个具体细节综合起来才能得出答案。细节理解题分为点式细节理解题、网式细节理解题和数字数据题。要掌握其解题技巧，仔细阅读，认真分析，切不可掉以轻心，确保基础题分分都要得。
命题方式
解题捷径
选项特征
1.特殊疑问句形式：以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。
2．填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
3．就文中数字、事件排序等进行设问。
采用寻读法，解题分三步：
第一步——先读题干，抓住关键词；
第二步——带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子；
第三步——仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。
正确选项特征
1．同义替换 2.信息归纳
3．正话反说 4.原文原词
干扰选项特征
1．张冠李戴 2.无中生有
3．曲解文意 4.颠倒是非
5．正误参半
微技能一 点式细节理解题——先题后文定答案
【题型概述】
1．直接细节题
直接在原文中找到，考生一般可以通读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，此类题属于低层次题。
2．间接细节题
一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。
3．数字数据题
一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算(“加减乘除”法)，得出正确的结论。
【解题步骤】
解答点式细节理解题，可采取“先题后文，题干定位”法，即从问题中抓关键词(题眼)，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词，关键段落，仔细推敲，最后确定答案。
“直接定位法”全取直接细节题
直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。这类题目比较简单，可以利用“直接定位法”解题。om
【典例1】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读B)
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer.In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
24．What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner?
A．Read music. B．Play the piano.
C．Sing songs. D．Fix the instruments.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
第二步 定位到原文：根据题干中的关键词可以定位到第一段。信息句“I’ve learnt to read music so I can hep Maria in her performance.”21com
第三步 比对选项：由此可知，提特顿是钢琴家玛丽亚的乐谱翻页者，他学会识谱是为了可以在玛丽亚的表演中帮助她。故选A。
4种特征直取间接细节题
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。可以利用正确选项的4种特征确定答案。
【典例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)
Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
34．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?【出处：】
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：astonished
第二步 定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词。
第三步 比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。故选C。
2法破解数字数据题
数字数据题主要考查两种情况：一种是数字定位题，可运用“直接搜索法”解题，即直接找到原文中的数字信息，然后匹配选项即可找到答案，这种类似于直接信息题。还有一种是数字计算题，可运用“加减乘除法”解题，即在原文中找到相关的数字信息后，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行简单计算，最终确定答案。
【典题3】 (全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present?
A．About 6，800. B．About 3，400.
C．About 2，400. D．About 1，200.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：How many languages
第二步 定位到原文：通过题干的less than 6，000 people at present可定位文章中的倒数第二段
第三步 比对选项：由第一句可知世界上目前共有大约6 800种语言，又由最后一句“世界语言的一半，不到6千人讲”，由此可知，不到6千人讲的语言只有6 800的一半，即3 400种。故选B。
【典题4】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读A)
3 Grand Prizes：Trip to Washington，D.C.for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.Trip includes round－trip air tickets，hotel stay for two nights，and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
21．How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Six.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：How many people
第二步 定位到原文：第二段中“Trip to Washington，D.C.for each of three winners，a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.”可直接得出答案。
第三步 比对选项：由此可知，特等奖获得者可以带两个人(父母中的一人，另外获奖者自选1人，共2人)。故选A。
微技能二 网式细节理解题——不厌其烦找答案
【题型概述】
网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时一定要不厌其烦，题目涉及的多处细节要一一找出，并对选项和原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。近几年高考网式细节理解题考查的较少，主要考查以下几个方面：
1．正误判断题(3错1对或者3对1错)；
2．常规多细节理解题。
【解题步骤】
命题人往往对网式细节理解题加以修饰和掩盖，这就需要考生要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。对于网式细节理解题，考生可采取“全面甄别法”：
第一步：仔细阅读题干， 抓取关键信息；
第二步：根据关键信息， 找到文章中相应的具体信息；
第三步：涉及的具体信息点可能不是单一的， 这时考生需要综合多个信息点并仔细甄别， 全面思考， 综合考虑得出答案。
3步搞定正误判断题
对于正误判断题，一定要沉着应对，各个击破。逐个选项进行排查，且不可急躁或者盲目自信。要认真分析，仔细比对。
【典例5】 (浙江卷阅读A)
The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr.Holt, do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously，“I mean every word of it.”
During the spring she really astonished me.One day, she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself, “It can’t be，” and went to take a closer look.Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in the edition with woodcuts.I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going？” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
44．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
【分析】
第一步 分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。
第二步 确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“I said，‘Don’t you find parts of it...the next good part.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。21
第三步 逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故选C。
耐心敲定多细节理解题
对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。
【典例6】 (2021·全国乙卷阅读A)
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D．P.R.Korea.Capacity: 150，000.Opened：May 1，1989.原创作品
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U．S.Capacity: 107，601.Opened：October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U．S.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September 17，1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U．S.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U．S.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.
22．Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A．Michigan Stadium. B．Beaver Stadium.
C．Ohio Stadium. D．Kyle Field.
【分析】
第一步 分析题干：题干问的是哪个体育场最古老，应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育场的介绍。
第二步 一一比对信息源：根据该部分的内容可知，四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放。
第三步 综合概括：最古老的体育场为Ohio Stadium。故选C。
精做高考真题
Passage 1、（2022·浙江·高考真题）
All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.
What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?
A．They are small in size. B．They are thickly planted.
C．They are foreign species. D．They are heavily fertilised.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。
【详情解析】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料).(在一个小森林里，必须有至少600棵树，树木种植得更紧密，没有化学品或化肥。)”可知，“小森林”里的树的特别之处在于它们种得很密。故选B。
【答案】B
Passage 2、（2022·北京·高考真题）
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
【详情解析】
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
【答案】C
Passage 3、（2021·全国·高考甲卷）
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
1．What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A．She loves staying with her mother. B．She dislikes outdoor activities.
C．She is in good condition D．She is sensitive to heat.
2．What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A．They had their first born in January. B．They enjoyed exploring new places
C．They lived with their grandmothers. D．They were brought to the reserve young
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Port Lympne保护区的繁殖计划迎来了一只罕见的黑犀牛的出生。
【详情解析】
1． 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了。)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
【答案】C
2． 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛。)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤。)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
【答案】A
Passage 4（2021·全国新高考I卷）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于栖息地减少，美国水禽骤减，因此联邦发行鸭票，狩猎者只有购买鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护水禽。
【详情解析】
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.(数百万只水禽被市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员杀死。数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活和安置不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地)”可知，数百万英亩的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，导致水禽的栖息地减少，水禽数量下降。故选A。
【答案】A
Passage 5 （2021·全国·高考乙卷）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1．Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．85 decibels.
3．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
【详情解析】
1、细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus(这就是为什么我在街对面的联合办公空间办了会员，这样我就能专心工作了)”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A。
【答案】A
2、细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups.(大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，70分贝组的参与者——那些暴露在类似于咖啡店背景噪音水平的人——的表现明显优于其他组。)”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.(但由于70分贝的结果是显著的，该研究还表明，适当水平的背景噪音——不要太大，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。)”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C。
【答案】C
3、细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.(那么，为什么我们这么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能在于，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入他人的谈话中。事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的交流和交谈会影响创作过程，而联合办公空间或咖啡店在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供了免受干扰的自由。)”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 。
【答案】D
挑战名校考题
Passage 1、（2022·河北衡水中学模拟预测）
Crowing up in a village in eastern Nepal’s Bhojpur Mountains, Mira Rai had dreams that went far beyond the traditional expectations for Nepali women. The eldest daughter of five children, she was expected to fetch water, tend crops and livestock, and help out at home. By age 12, she no longer regularly attended school, and instead carried heavy bags of rice up and down steep trails — often barefoot — to trade at the market. It was hard work, but great training for a future trail runner.
“As a girl,” Rai recalls, “I would constantly be told to know my place, lower my voice, and act in a certain manner. For me, breaking free from these traditions itself was a big dream.”
Several years ago, Rai’s dream became reality. She was running outside Kathmandu when two male trail runners invited her to enter her first trail race, the Kathmandu West Valley Rim 50K. She had never run 50 kilometers before, had no special equipment or training for such a distance, and was also the only woman in the competition. But despite all difficulties, she beat everyone — even the men. From there, a community of runners came together to give her a chance to compete in international trail running competitions.
Today, the running world recognizes Rai as a high-altitude trail racing talent. Now she is on a mission to help both women and men of Nepal through sports. Rai believes her work to empower others has just begun. “We have realized that Nepal has tremendous potential to develop competitive athletes,” she says. Rai is blazing a trail, not just in terms of being able to speak nationally on gender equality, but also by getting young people into running.
What can we learn about Mira Rai?
A．She won her first victory easily. B．She gave up chasing her dream.
C．She dropped out of school at 12. D．She benefited from her early life.
【语篇解读】
本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍Mira Rai的事迹，她打破传统，追求自己的梦想，成为优秀的田径运动员，并激励其他人参与。
【详情解析】
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“By age 12, she no longer regularly attended school, and instead carried heavy bags of rice up and down steep trails — often barefoot — to trade at the market. It was hard work, but great training for a future trail runner.(到12岁时，她不再定期上学，而是背着沉重的大米袋在陡峭的小路上上上下下——通常是赤脚——在市场上交易。这是艰苦的工作，但对一个未来的越野跑者来说是很好的训练。)”可知，Mira Rai受益于早年的生活。故选D。
【答案】D
Passage 2、（2022·河北·石家庄二中模拟预测）
It was dark as Ibrahim Al Hussein came to. He couldn’t move and thick dust filled the air, blocking out all but a few small flames dancing close by. It was hard to breathe. Something wasn’t right and he could not feel his foot. As the smoke of the bombing cleared Al Hussein was saved but lost his lower right leg forever.
After several twists and turns, Al Hussein managed to escape from war-torn Syria to Athens, Greece. With no money left on him, he had to sleep on the streets and look for fruit in trees or eat grass from the park. Luckily, he later found work cleaning toilets at a local cafe. He worked every day of the week with no breaks and was proud to be supporting himself. But he was missing something — sport.
Al Hussein used to be a sportsman. As war broke out in Syria in 2011, all sports stadiums were forced to close, but now settled and safe in Athens, he was desperate to return to physical activity. In May, 2015, his prayers were answered. A swimming club gave him permission to train there.
“When I looked at the address I realised it was the Athens Aquatics Centre,” says Al Hussein, who, at the age of 16, had watched the 2004 Olympics unfold on a small TV in his cosy Syrian home. “Seeing those Olympics gave me motivation to do sport and although it was a flashback to the past, it was also a look to a better future because I had made it to the pool I’d watched and dreamt of swimming in.”
For much of 2015 he swam in the morning and then worked at the cafe until late in the evening. It was tough, but it worked for him and, in early 2016, he secured two medals at the Greek Para Swimming National Championships. People began to take note.
What caused Al Hussein to lose his lower right leg?
A．A war. B．A fire. C．An illness. D．An accident.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阿尔・侯赛因在经历了战争之后，失去右小腿后，仍然从事自己喜欢的运动，在2016年初，他在希腊残疾人全国游泳锦标赛上获得两枚奖牌。
【详情解析】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As the smoke of the bombing cleared Al Hussein was saved but lost his lower right leg forever.”（爆炸产生的烟雾消散后，阿尔·侯赛因得救了，但他永远失去了右小腿。）以及第二段中“After several twists and turns, Al Hussein managed to escape from war-torn Syria to Athens, Greece.”（经过几次曲折，阿尔・侯赛因成功逃离战火纷飞的叙利亚，来到希腊雅典。）可知，因为战火纷飞的叙利亚的爆炸使得侯赛因失去了他的右小腿。故选A。
【答案】A
Passage 3、（2022·河北省唐县第一中学一模）
In 2010, Barack Obama was to pay a visit to Mumbai’s Gandhi Museum, where palm(棕榈)trees full of me dotted the grounds. The president knew me well-coconuts (椰子)are a part of life in Indonesia, where he spent his boyhood. Before his visit, Indian authorities, however, removed every last sign of me around the museum. They were afraid the president of the United States would be taken out by one of me falling on his head.
Let’s get this out of the way: My reputation as the “killer fruit” of countless innocents was then and still is a misbelief. A repeatedly misinterpreted 1984 study overstated the number of deaths I caused by hitting people on the head, and the word spread. Today, the only things about me “to die for” are the sometimes too-delicious foods you humans make with me, such as cookies and pies. A decade ago, health experts briefly gave me a halo because some of my fats may raise beneficial cholesterol (胆固醇). But ask a heart doctor today and they’ll tell you that coconut oil will raise your bad cholesterol as much. Death by coconut, indeed!
People have other wrong ideas about me. But allow me to leave you with a sweet presidential tale. A World War II boat commanded by one John F.Kennedy was destroyed in 1943 by a Japanese warship. Kennedy and his surviving crew were stuck on an island. They were suffering from hunger, thirst and injuries when they met two friendly native coast-watchers. Kennedy scratched a message into a coconut shell: “NAURO ISL...COMMANDER...11 ALIVE...NEED SMALL BOAT...KENNEDY.”
The coast-watchers delivered this successfully and all the crew were saved. Years later, the coconut shell was given to the newly elected president. It sat on his office desk throughout his presidency and now is a center-piece of the John F.Kennedy Library in Boston-as the proof that we coconuts don’t take lives, we save them.
Why did Indian officials get rid of “me”?
A．To reduce Obama’s fear. B．To avoid unexpected injuries.
C．To show their welcome tradition. D．To follow the request from the US.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了椰子作为一种被人们误解的水果，其实大有用途。
【详情解析】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Before his visit, Indian authorities, however, removed every last sign of me around the museum. They were afraid the president of the United States would be taken out by one of me falling on his head.（然而，在他访问之前，印度当局清除了博物馆周围所有我的痕迹。他们害怕美国的总统会被我中一个人砸到头）”可知，印度官员除去“我”是为了避免给奥巴马总统造成意外伤害。故选B。
【答案】B
Passage 4、（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学一模）
Lately, my 90-year-old mother has been sleepier and sleepier. This is very strange and worrying. At the same time, my 92-year-old father has been suffering his own health problems. It is a terrible thing to see my father struggle to get my mother to talk, say something, when she doesn’t have the energy.
The other day, I recalled how my mother used to visit a woman named Mrs. Demopolis, a Greek immigrant, who made the best baklava(果仁蜜饼) in the world! She gave lessons on baking it to my mother. Also, my mother often baked baklava at home. As I spoke of this over the phone, my silent mother perked up and said how much she’d like to have one again.
Now, they live in Florida and I live in Wales, UK, so I can’t go and bring her some baklava or even make some in her kitchen. But what I did suggest was that my father could buy some baklava at a Greek restaurant and I could do the same, and wouldn’t it be fun to eat our baklava at exactly the same time and so, be together sharing the moment and the pleasure? My parents loved the idea and we decided to do it.
Two days later we both had our baklava and shared the experience. It meant a lot to my parents, and to me, to do this. My mother said she wanted to do this again, maybe with another food or even baklava again! Why not? And as she only keeps losing weight instead of gaining, it is good for her to find foods that appeal to her appetite . It is becoming harder to find ways to communicate over the phone, but this is at least a very good way to do so.
1．Why does the author feel worried?
A．Her mother can’t walk by herself. B．Her mother is becoming less active.
C．Her father has to get her mother to talk. D．Her mother refuses to talk with her father.
2．What did the author suggest to please her mother?
A．They should enjoy the same food at the same time.
B．The author should buy some baklava for her mother.
C．Her mother should make some baklava in her kitchen.
D．Her family should get together to look after her mother.
【语篇解读】
本文的语篇类型为记叙文。短文叙述了90岁的老母亲最近越来越昏昏欲睡，这让作者很担心。后来作者想了一个办法，让母亲活跃起来。
【详情解析】
1．【B】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Lately, my 90-year-old mother has been sleepier and sleepier. This is very strange and worrying.（最近，我90岁的妈妈越来越困了。这是非常奇怪和令人担忧的）”可知，为什么作者会感到焦虑是因为她母亲变得不那么活跃了。故选B。
2．【A】细节理解题。根据第三段的“But what I did suggest was that my father could buy some baklava at a Greek restaurant and I could do the same, and wouldn’t it be fun to eat our baklava at exactly the same time and so, be together sharing the moment and the pleasure? My parents loved the idea and we decided to do it.”（但我的建议是，我父亲可以在希腊餐厅买一些果仁蜜饼，我也可以做同样的事，如果我们在同一时间吃果仁蜜饼，一起分享这一刻和快乐，不是很有趣吗?我父母很喜欢这个主意，我们决定照做。）可知，作者建议，虽然身处两地，但他们可以各自买来果仁蜜饼，相约时间，一起享受它的美味与度过这段欢愉时光。故选A项。
Passage 5 、（2022·浙江·镇海中学三模）
English is the international language of science, but most of the world's scientists speak it as a second language. We shoulder an extra career challenge: Not only must we gain a command of science, but we must also be able to write in a foreign language to communicate that science.
My mother tongue is Hebrew. Fm now a researcher at Monash University. There are six people on my research team, five of whom are non-native English speakers. Writing highly technical English is crucial to our science. Our topics embrace cell biology, materials science and chemistry, so our writings must make sense to both non-experts and experts.
To be frank, English is suitable as an international language in a number of ways. On the surface, it’s easy enough to convey basic meanings when conducting trade, business and tourism, as well as on social media. In most contexts, it doesn't matter if you misuse “the” or "-ing,” or get the word order wrong. Although the spelling is chaotic, once you get a feel for the typical patterns, it’s not too hard.
However, when meanings are complex and technical, precision is a must. Then, English becomes a difficult beast to wrestle with.
The Australian poet Clive James once called English“big and baggy." I can't disagree. The vocabulary is large. Furthermore, the grammar is extraordinarily flexible, leaving us often confusing. There lies the problem: Such rich language makes it easy to produce long writings of questionable quality.
Worse still, we outsiders ta English are likely to have been taught to use complicated wording and long sentences to show our authority on a topic. However, English is the opposite: The language is at its most elegant when plain and simple. But simplicity is hard in English!
Another shock to me was the importance English speakers place on front-ending their messages. In many languages, you might expect readers to stay with the text throughout. In English, however, I’ve developed healthy fear that my readers will skim-read unless I state the essence at the opening of a paragraph, then walk backwards while explaining it.
1．Why is English suitable as an international language?
A．It can be easily used to get basic meanings across.
B．It has relatively simple grammar and spelling rules.
C．It is spoken by the majority of the world’s population.
D．Its huge vocabulary helps express complex meanings.
2．The challenge scientists have as non-native speakers is ___________.
A．how to convey complex and technical meanings precisely in English
B．how to produce professional writings in complicated English
C．how to establish their authority in the field of science in English writing.
D．how to make scientific writings in English accessible to authorities.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英语的简单性和复杂性，以及英文文章倾向于把关键信息放在前这一特点。
【详情解析】
1．【A】细节理解题。根据第三段“On the surface, it’s easy enough to convey basic meanings when conducting trade, business and tourism, as well as on social media.（表面上看，在进行贸易、商业和旅游以及社交媒体时，很容易传达基本含义。）”可知，因为容易传达基本的含义，所以英语适合作为国际语言。故选A项。
2．【A】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, when meanings are complex and technical, precision is a must. Then, English becomes a difficult beast to wrestle with.（然而，当含义复杂且具有技术性时，必须精确。然后，英语就成了一头难以对付的野兽。）”可知，对于英语非母语的人来说，准确地用英语表达出复杂的技术含义很难。故选A项。
Passage 6、（2022·福建·三明一中模拟预测）
Cody Simmons lived alone with his grandpa and the two of them had a very special relationship. Cody’s grandpa encouraged him to pursue football but also made it very clear that he would not have to if he did not want to.
Cody was the smallest in the class and was considered too short. Therefore, everyone was sure Cody could never make the cut when he decided to try out for the school football team. But he did! His grandpa shared his excitement. Though Cody was always on the bench, his grandpa never missed a match.
Cody was determined to give his best at every practice, hoping that he would at least get to play one day. In his free time, Cody would repeatedly watch videos of international football matches to learn skills. Besides, he always asked for extra tips from his coach.
This quiet and persistent (坚持不懈的) young athlete never missed a practice but never got to play in a single match. The coach kept Cody on the roster (名册) because he always put his heart and soul into every practice, and at the same time, encouraged the other members.
One day, at the end of the senior football season, Cody’s grandpa passed away. Cody was very sad. He said to the coach, “Is it alright if I miss the practice today?” The coach said gently, “Take the rest of the week off, son. Please do not come back for the finals on Saturday.”
Soon, it was Saturday, and the match was not going well. Then, Cody appeared. He asked the coach to let him play, but the coach pretended not to hear him. There was no way he wanted his worst player in this important match. But the young man persisted, and finally, feeling sorry for Cody, the coach gave in.
Before long, everyone in the stands was shocked because Cody was doing everything right. The opposing team could not stop him. He ran, passed, and tackled like a star. In the closing seconds of the match, Cody ran all the way for the winning touchdown and succeeded.
How did the coach deal with Cody’s request during the match on Saturday?
A．He refused it clearly. B．He ignored it at first.
C．He let him play excitedly. D．He praised him for his bravery.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Cody Simmons和爷爷一起生活，爷爷鼓励他参与足球运动，但由于他身材矮小，在校足球队一直是候补球员，教练从未让他上场比赛过，但Cody 从不气馁，反倒刻苦训练，提高自己的技能，最终在高中足球赛季的最后一场比赛中大放异彩，帮助所在球队赢得比赛。
【详情解析】
【B】细节理解题。由第六段中的“Then, Cody appeared. He asked the coach to let him play, but the coach pretended not to hear him. (然后，Cody出现了。他要求教练让他上场，但教练假装没听见)”可知，教练刚开始选择忽视Cody上场的要求，假装没有听见。故选B项。
Passage 7、（2022·山东省实验中学模拟预测）
Today, after 10 days of medical treatment, for the first time, I went out alone to meet a motherly lady who I had met during my stay in a program. She had been unwell recently and lived alone. Her sons live in foreign countries.
After I called her and told about my plan to visit her, she started becoming excited and planning food at once. Nowadays, she has a lady cook coming by to help her but she does part of the work herself with her bandaged (绷带) leg.
I reached her home alone after being guided a couple of times by her before. I carried little things (snacks, books etc.) for her. She had been waiting for some time when I arrived. We talked about different things from health to her life and mine, from past to future, from food to travel etc. During the discussion, her care for me became clear when she made warm suggestions or supported me.
During the last few months, she had struggled with health and housework. She had got over those difficulties and here she was telling me how all of us must face some problems. She had seen a few people facing worse problems in the hospital and mentioned about their cases and was grateful for her present condition which was manageable.
She wanted to gift me something—she kept thinking of a dress, watch, footwear etc. whatever was new and great in her home. I kept refusing but finally took the footwear out of politeness.
She loved the snacks I had brought and wanted to eat them with her tea, I was quite happy to see the childlike interest.
While I was spending time with my motherly friend, the following thought kept coming back to me—probably this is why I have lived through the 10 days in this city. The time I spent with her seemed so much needed. I felt the deep peace it could bring to me and that brought such a big joy!
1．How did the elderly lady feel when she heard the author’s visit?
A．Shocked. B．Pleased. C．Nervous. D．Embarrassed.
2．What can we learn about the lady from her talks with the author?
A．She was considerate and very healthy.
B．She wished the author lo live with her.
C．She showed much concern to her bandaged leg.
D．She was grateful compared with those less fortunate.
3．Why did the author accept the lady’s gift?
A．It is impolite to turn down the warm-hearted offer.
B．She happened to need such shoes to wear.
C．It would be a waste to keep shoes unused.
D．She wanted to exchange gifts with her.
【语篇解读】
本文为记叙文。在接受了10天的治疗后，作者第一次独自出去会见了一位慈母般的女士，她是作者在一个项目中遇到的。作者和她在一起的时间似乎很有必要。作者感受到了它能带给自己的深深的宁静和巨大的快乐!
【详情解析】
1．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段中的After I called her and told about my plan to visit her, she started becoming excited and planning food at once.（我打电话给她，告诉她我要去看她的计划后，她开始变得兴奋起来，马上开始准备吃的）可知，那位老太太听到作者要来探望它后感到很高兴。故B选项正确。
2．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段中的She had seen a few people facing worse problems in the hospital and mentioned about their cases and was grateful for her present condition which was manageable.（她看到一些人在医院里面临着更严重的问题，并提到了他们的情况，她很感激自己目前的状况是可控的）可知，与那些不幸的人相比，她心怀感激。故D选项正确。
3．【A】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的I kept refusing but finally took the footwear out of politeness.（我一直拒绝，但最后还是出于礼貌把鞋子拿走了）可知，作者最终接受了老太太的礼物，是因为拒绝热心的礼物是不礼貌的。故A选项正确。
Passage 8、（2022·湖北·黄冈中学三模）
Dozens of sea turtles swim past as I dive. Suddenly a diver cuts me off. Then another. “Hey!” I think. “Watch where you’re going!” Then I realize: These aren’t divers. They are sea lions! The creatures blow bubbles at me and the group of 11 kids I’m on vocations with, hitting us slightly on our backs. To not bother them much, we tear ourselves away from the wonderland.
We take this trip to the Galapagos Islands, a group of tropical islands crossing the equator. Our hotel is a boat called the Eclipse that has a pool. Humans aren’t allowed to live on most of the islands. The only way people can experience the magic of this place and meet animals on all the islands is by “panga”. “Our small motorboat is more important than the Eclipse. It’s very safe,” says a local guide, Fielsch. Lack of human threat makes the animals friendly. “They don’t know enough to be scared of humans.” Our group experience that firsthand. When we return after our diving adventure, we find sea lions lying next to our backpacks! Walking along the sand, we see more wildlife: seals, red crabs, orcas.
The following morning, we reach Fernandina Island, known for its volcano. Flightless birds called cormorants build nests on the rocks. Nearby are Galapagos penguins. Averaging about 19 inches in height, they’re the second smallest species of penguin in the world. “The Galapagos are so curious,” says 12-year-old Harry. “You’ve got penguins living far from the frozen South Pole, and birds that don’t fly!”
As we ride back, six penguins stand like soldiers, seeming to say goodbye. It’s our last day; none of us wants to leave this place. We know this trip has been a milestone for us. A marked shift in our attitudes towards the natural world is underway. “The Galapagos Islands seem to break the world’s rules,” says Harry. “More than ever, I’m interested in saving the environment. These animals truly need our care,” his sister Hannah adds.
Why is the trip considered a milestone for the author’s group?
A．It expands their knowledge of the world. B．It changes the way they think about nature.
C．It inspires them to protect the environment. D．It enables them to interact with various wildlife.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了到加帕拉格斯岛旅行的经历，这次旅行对作者的团队来说是一个里程碑，它改变了他们对自然的看法。
【详情解析】
【B】细节理解题。根据最后一段第四、五句话“We know this trip has been a milestone for us. A marked shift in our attitudes towards the natural world is underway. (我们知道这次旅行对我们来说是一个里程碑。我们对自然世界的态度正在发生显著转变)”可知，这次旅行对作者的团队来说是一个里程碑，它改变了他们对大自然的认识。故选B。
Passage 9、（2022·湖南师大附中模拟预测）
An American teacher who helped make college education accessible to low-income, immigrant, first-generation American, and refugee (难民) pupils has won the $1 million Global Teacher Prize. Keishia Thorpe, an English teacher in Maryland, was selected from more than 8,000 teachers in 121 countries.
Ms. Thorpe teaches English to 12th-graders at the International High School Langley Park, where 95 percent of pupils are from low-income families. She redesigned their courses for the English department to make it culturally relevant to her pupils who are from mostly Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and South America. Since then, her English language learners have shown a 40 percent increase in their reading.
Ms. Thorpe spent a lot of time encouraging her pupils to apply for college and helped them with their applications and accessing fully-funded scholarships. She helped her senior pupils in 2018–2019 win more than $6.7 million in scholarships to 11 colleges, with most of them not having to pay for their education.
She plans to use the prize money to give less well-off pupils an opportunity of receiving a third level education. “Every person deserves the right to education and I want to be that person who champions that for them. I plan to use the money to help students worldwide access higher education,” she said. “Students are the reason I’m here, so I plan to use that to promote them and create a better future for them.”
Organized by UNESCO and first awarded in 2015, the Global Teacher Prize is an annual award to a teacher who has made a vast difference to the profession. The winner of this year was announced at a virtual ceremony in Paris on November 10th, 2021.
1．How do Thorpe’s redesigned courses influence her students?
A．Students have spent more time reading. B．Students are more aware of their culture.
C．More low-income students attend school. D．More students apply for college education.
2．What can be learned about the Global Teacher Prize?
A．It devotes much to college education. B．It favors low-income immigrant teachers.
C．It targets teachers with huge contributions. D．It encourages reforms in English teaching.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了马里兰州的英语教师Keishia Thorpe获得了全球教师奖，并且赢得了100万美元的奖金。文章介绍了她所做出的的贡献以及全球教师奖的相关知识。
【详情解析】
1．【A】细节理解题。根据第二段中“She redesigned their courses for the English department to make it culturally relevant to her pupils who are from mostly Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and South America. Since then, her English language learners have shown a 40 percent increase in their reading.(她重新设计了英语系的课程，使其在文化上与她主要来自非洲、中东、加勒比地区和南美洲的学生相关。从那以后，她的英语学习者的阅读能力增长了40%)”可知，Thorpe重新设计的课程让学生们花了更多的时间阅读。故选A项。
2．【C】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Organized by UNESCO and first awarded in 2015, the Global Teacher Prize is an annual award to a teacher who has made a vast difference to the profession.(全球教师奖由联合国教科文组织组织，于2015年首次颁发，每年颁发给为该专业做出巨大贡献的教师)”可知，全球教师奖针对有巨大贡献的教师。故选C项。
Passage 10、（2022·广东·肇庆市第一中学一模）
There are several items that most women would consider to be daily essentials that they need to have in their purses at all times. Few would consider a pair of scissors to be among these items. But for Shi Qinling, this tool has been with her everywhere she goes for the past decade—not as a means of self-protection but artistic expression.“Paper-cutting is not about cutting random patterns from paper. Writers tell stories using words, I do the same,but with a pair of scissors,”Shi said.
Shi developed an interest in handicraft (手工艺)when she was a child who often found herself alone at home. Out of boredom, she would play with paper, folding and cutting them into different shapes. This interest later developed into a passion, one that she decided to pursue by majoring in arts and design during her time in university. After graduation, however, she found herself working at a ship design company as she was unsure about what she wanted to do with her future. About a year later, the Shanghai Arts and Crafts Research Institute offered her a position in their paper-cutting department. Realizing that she still had a love for the handicraft, she made the career switch.
In 2010, Shi started learning paper-cutting from Xi Xiaoqin, an expert of paper-cutting. Three years later, one of her works, The Fighting Fish, won the third place in a national competition. Six years later,Shi was named a Shanghai paper-cutting inheritor(继承人)and became the city’s“youngest inheritor” of the paper-cutting heritage. Over the past decade, Shi’s works have been exhibited in 23 exhibitions. Although Shi is already so skilled that she can create an animal pattern in 10 minutes, she continues to practice her skills every day. The reason is that she views paper-cutting as not just an art form, but also a form of learning about traditional Chinese culture. She thinks she has the responsibility to inherit this cultural treasure, and will make more efforts to attract people from different age groups and different fields to try paper-cutting.
What does paper-cutting mean to Shi Qinling?
A．A deep passion for the handicrafts. B．A tool that relieves her of boredom.
C．Cutting random patterns from paper. D．An art form of learning Chinese culture.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了剪纸艺术继承人石勤玲学习剪纸及把剪纸艺术发扬光大的过程，赞扬了她传承保护传统艺术的决心。
【详情解析】
【D】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The reason is that she views paper-cutting as not just an art form, but also a form of learning about traditional Chinese culture. (原因是她认为剪纸不仅是一种艺术形式，也是学习中国传统文化的一种方式)”可知，剪纸对于石勤玲来说，不仅是一种艺术形式，同时是学习中国传统文化的一种形式，结合起来就是剪纸是学习中国文化的一种艺术形式，故选D项。
专题08 阅读理解之细节理解题——耐心比对
层级一
送分题目分分得
细节理解题大都比较容易，只需要认真阅读题目，细心比对原文就能解答正确。对于这种题目，要认真解题，确保一分不丢。
近3年高考细节理解题题量统计
考纲解读
年份
卷别
2022
2021
2020
(1)命题人会要求考生根据不同的要求来阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或
准确地寻求所需的细节。
(2)细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，相对比较容易，是阅读理解的送分题。
新高考卷Ⅰ
6
8
新高考卷II
7
8
全国卷Ⅰ(全国乙卷)
8
6
7
全国卷Ⅱ(全国甲卷)
8
5
8
全国卷Ⅲ
7
阅读理解的4种命题形式中， 细节理解题难度低，但占比极高， 故而成为考生从阅读理解题中获取高分的基础。 值得注意的是， 近几年高考细节理解题的难度有所增加， 题目信息往往是原文信息的同义转述， 有时答案需要跨段寻找，需要将几个具体细节综合起来才能得出答案。细节理解题分为点式细节理解题、网式细节理解题和数字数据题。要掌握其解题技巧，仔细阅读，认真分析，切不可掉以轻心，确保基础题分分都要得。
命题方式
解题捷径
选项特征
1.特殊疑问句形式：以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。
2．填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
3．就文中数字、事件排序等进行设问。
采用寻读法，解题分三步：
第一步——先读题干，抓住关键词；
第二步——带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子；
第三步——仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。
正确选项特征
1．同义替换 2.信息归纳
3．正话反说 4.原文原词
干扰选项特征
1．张冠李戴 2.无中生有
3．曲解文意 4.颠倒是非
5．正误参半
微技能一 点式细节理解题——先题后文定答案
【题型概述】
1．直接细节题
直接在原文中找到，考生一般可以通读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，此类题属于低层次题。
2．间接细节题
一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。
3．数字数据题
一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算(“加减乘除”法)，得出正确的结论。
【解题步骤】
解答点式细节理解题，可采取“先题后文，题干定位”法，即从问题中抓关键词(题眼)，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词，关键段落，仔细推敲，最后确定答案。
“直接定位法”全取直接细节题
直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。这类题目比较简单，可以利用“直接定位法”解题。om
【典例1】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读B)
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer.In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
24．What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner?
A．Read music. B．Play the piano.
C．Sing songs. D．Fix the instruments.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
第二步 定位到原文：根据题干中的关键词可以定位到第一段。信息句“I’ve learnt to read music so I can hep Maria in her performance.”21com
第三步 比对选项：由此可知，提特顿是钢琴家玛丽亚的乐谱翻页者，他学会识谱是为了可以在玛丽亚的表演中帮助她。故选A。
4种特征直取间接细节题
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。可以利用正确选项的4种特征确定答案。
【典例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)
Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
34．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?【出处：】
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：astonished
第二步 定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词。
第三步 比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。故选C。
2法破解数字数据题
数字数据题主要考查两种情况：一种是数字定位题，可运用“直接搜索法”解题，即直接找到原文中的数字信息，然后匹配选项即可找到答案，这种类似于直接信息题。还有一种是数字计算题，可运用“加减乘除法”解题，即在原文中找到相关的数字信息后，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行简单计算，最终确定答案。
【典题3】 (全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present?
A．About 6，800. B．About 3，400.
C．About 2，400. D．About 1，200.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：How many languages
第二步 定位到原文：通过题干的less than 6，000 people at present可定位文章中的倒数第二段
第三步 比对选项：由第一句可知世界上目前共有大约6 800种语言，又由最后一句“世界语言的一半，不到6千人讲”，由此可知，不到6千人讲的语言只有6 800的一半，即3 400种。故选B。
【典题4】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读A)
3 Grand Prizes：Trip to Washington，D.C.for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.Trip includes round－trip air tickets，hotel stay for two nights，and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
21．How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Six.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：How many people
第二步 定位到原文：第二段中“Trip to Washington，D.C.for each of three winners，a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.”可直接得出答案。
第三步 比对选项：由此可知，特等奖获得者可以带两个人(父母中的一人，另外获奖者自选1人，共2人)。故选A。
微技能二 网式细节理解题——不厌其烦找答案
【题型概述】
网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时一定要不厌其烦，题目涉及的多处细节要一一找出，并对选项和原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。近几年高考网式细节理解题考查的较少，主要考查以下几个方面：
1．正误判断题(3错1对或者3对1错)；
2．常规多细节理解题。
【解题步骤】
命题人往往对网式细节理解题加以修饰和掩盖，这就需要考生要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。对于网式细节理解题，考生可采取“全面甄别法”：
第一步：仔细阅读题干， 抓取关键信息；
第二步：根据关键信息， 找到文章中相应的具体信息；
第三步：涉及的具体信息点可能不是单一的， 这时考生需要综合多个信息点并仔细甄别， 全面思考， 综合考虑得出答案。
3步搞定正误判断题
对于正误判断题，一定要沉着应对，各个击破。逐个选项进行排查，且不可急躁或者盲目自信。要认真分析，仔细比对。
【典例5】 (浙江卷阅读A)
The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr.Holt, do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously，“I mean every word of it.”
During the spring she really astonished me.One day, she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself, “It can’t be，” and went to take a closer look.Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in the edition with woodcuts.I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going？” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
44．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
【分析】
第一步 分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。
第二步 确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“I said，‘Don’t you find parts of it...the next good part.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。21
第三步 逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故选C。
耐心敲定多细节理解题
对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。
【典例6】 (2021·全国乙卷阅读A)
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D．P.R.Korea.Capacity: 150，000.Opened：May 1，1989.原创作品
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U．S.Capacity: 107，601.Opened：October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U．S.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September 17，1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U．S.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U．S.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.
22．Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A．Michigan Stadium. B．Beaver Stadium.
C．Ohio Stadium. D．Kyle Field.
【分析】
第一步 分析题干：题干问的是哪个体育场最古老，应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育场的介绍。
第二步 一一比对信息源：根据该部分的内容可知，四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放。
第三步 综合概括：最古老的体育场为Ohio Stadium。故选C。
精做高考真题
Passage 1、（2022·浙江·高考真题）
All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.
What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?
A．They are small in size. B．They are thickly planted.
C．They are foreign species. D．They are heavily fertilised.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。
【详情解析】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料).(在一个小森林里，必须有至少600棵树，树木种植得更紧密，没有化学品或化肥。)”可知，“小森林”里的树的特别之处在于它们种得很密。故选B。
【答案】B
Passage 2、（2022·北京·高考真题）
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
【详情解析】
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
【答案】C
Passage 3、（2021·全国·高考甲卷）
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
1．What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A．She loves staying with her mother. B．She dislikes outdoor activities.
C．She is in good condition D．She is sensitive to heat.
2．What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A．They had their first born in January. B．They enjoyed exploring new places
C．They lived with their grandmothers. D．They were brought to the reserve young
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Port Lympne保护区的繁殖计划迎来了一只罕见的黑犀牛的出生。
【详情解析】
1． 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了。)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
【答案】C
2． 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛。)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤。)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
【答案】A
Passage 4（2021·全国新高考I卷）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于栖息地减少，美国水禽骤减，因此联邦发行鸭票，狩猎者只有购买鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护水禽。
【详情解析】
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.(数百万只水禽被市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员杀死。数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活和安置不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地)”可知，数百万英亩的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，导致水禽的栖息地减少，水禽数量下降。故选A。
【答案】A
Passage 5 （2021·全国·高考乙卷）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1．Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．85 decibels.
3．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
【详情解析】
1、细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus(这就是为什么我在街对面的联合办公空间办了会员，这样我就能专心工作了)”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A。
【答案】A
2、细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups.(大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，70分贝组的参与者——那些暴露在类似于咖啡店背景噪音水平的人——的表现明显优于其他组。)”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.(但由于70分贝的结果是显著的，该研究还表明，适当水平的背景噪音——不要太大，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。)”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C。
【答案】C
3、细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.(那么，为什么我们这么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能在于，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入他人的谈话中。事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的交流和交谈会影响创作过程，而联合办公空间或咖啡店在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供了免受干扰的自由。)”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 。
【答案】D
挑战名校考题
Passage 1、（2022·河北衡水中学模拟预测）
Crowing up in a village in eastern Nepal’s Bhojpur Mountains, Mira Rai had dreams that went far beyond the traditional expectations for Nepali women. The eldest daughter of five children, she was expected to fetch water, tend crops and livestock, and help out at home. By age 12, she no longer regularly attended school, and instead carried heavy bags of rice up and down steep trails — often barefoot — to trade at the market. It was hard work, but great training for a future trail runner.
“As a girl,” Rai recalls, “I would constantly be told to know my place, lower my voice, and act in a certain manner. For me, breaking free from these traditions itself was a big dream.”
Several years ago, Rai’s dream became reality. She was running outside Kathmandu when two male trail runners invited her to enter her first trail race, the Kathmandu West Valley Rim 50K. She had never run 50 kilometers before, had no special equipment or training for such a distance, and was also the only woman in the competition. But despite all difficulties, she beat everyone — even the men. From there, a community of runners came together to give her a chance to compete in international trail running competitions.
Today, the running world recognizes Rai as a high-altitude trail racing talent. Now she is on a mission to help both women and men of Nepal through sports. Rai believes her work to empower others has just begun. “We have realized that Nepal has tremendous potential to develop competitive athletes,” she says. Rai is blazing a trail, not just in terms of being able to speak nationally on gender equality, but also by getting young people into running.
What can we learn about Mira Rai?
A．She won her first victory easily. B．She gave up chasing her dream.
C．She dropped out of school at 12. D．She benefited from her early life.
【语篇解读】
本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍Mira Rai的事迹，她打破传统，追求自己的梦想，成为优秀的田径运动员，并激励其他人参与。
【详情解析】
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“By age 12, she no longer regularly attended school, and instead carried heavy bags of rice up and down steep trails — often barefoot — to trade at the market. It was hard work, but great training for a future trail runner.(到12岁时，她不再定期上学，而是背着沉重的大米袋在陡峭的小路上上上下下——通常是赤脚——在市场上交易。这是艰苦的工作，但对一个未来的越野跑者来说是很好的训练。)”可知，Mira Rai受益于早年的生活。故选D。
【答案】D
Passage 2、（2022·河北·石家庄二中模拟预测）
It was dark as Ibrahim Al Hussein came to. He couldn’t move and thick dust filled the air, blocking out all but a few small flames dancing close by. It was hard to breathe. Something wasn’t right and he could not feel his foot. As the smoke of the bombing cleared Al Hussein was saved but lost his lower right leg forever.
After several twists and turns, Al Hussein managed to escape from war-torn Syria to Athens, Greece. With no money left on him, he had to sleep on the streets and look for fruit in trees or eat grass from the park. Luckily, he later found work cleaning toilets at a local cafe. He worked every day of the week with no breaks and was proud to be supporting himself. But he was missing something — sport.
Al Hussein used to be a sportsman. As war broke out in Syria in 2011, all sports stadiums were forced to close, but now settled and safe in Athens, he was desperate to return to physical activity. In May, 2015, his prayers were answered. A swimming club gave him permission to train there.
“When I looked at the address I realised it was the Athens Aquatics Centre,” says Al Hussein, who, at the age of 16, had watched the 2004 Olympics unfold on a small TV in his cosy Syrian home. “Seeing those Olympics gave me motivation to do sport and although it was a flashback to the past, it was also a look to a better future because I had made it to the pool I’d watched and dreamt of swimming in.”
For much of 2015 he swam in the morning and then worked at the cafe until late in the evening. It was tough, but it worked for him and, in early 2016, he secured two medals at the Greek Para Swimming National Championships. People began to take note.
What caused Al Hussein to lose his lower right leg?
A．A war. B．A fire. C．An illness. D．An accident.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阿尔・侯赛因在经历了战争之后，失去右小腿后，仍然从事自己喜欢的运动，在2016年初，他在希腊残疾人全国游泳锦标赛上获得两枚奖牌。
【详情解析】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As the smoke of the bombing cleared Al Hussein was saved but lost his lower right leg forever.”（爆炸产生的烟雾消散后，阿尔·侯赛因得救了，但他永远失去了右小腿。）以及第二段中“After several twists and turns, Al Hussein managed to escape from war-torn Syria to Athens, Greece.”（经过几次曲折，阿尔・侯赛因成功逃离战火纷飞的叙利亚，来到希腊雅典。）可知，因为战火纷飞的叙利亚的爆炸使得侯赛因失去了他的右小腿。故选A。
【答案】A
Passage 3、（2022·河北省唐县第一中学一模）
In 2010, Barack Obama was to pay a visit to Mumbai’s Gandhi Museum, where palm(棕榈)trees full of me dotted the grounds. The president knew me well-coconuts (椰子)are a part of life in Indonesia, where he spent his boyhood. Before his visit, Indian authorities, however, removed every last sign of me around the museum. They were afraid the president of the United States would be taken out by one of me falling on his head.
Let’s get this out of the way: My reputation as the “killer fruit” of countless innocents was then and still is a misbelief. A repeatedly misinterpreted 1984 study overstated the number of deaths I caused by hitting people on the head, and the word spread. Today, the only things about me “to die for” are the sometimes too-delicious foods you humans make with me, such as cookies and pies. A decade ago, health experts briefly gave me a halo because some of my fats may raise beneficial cholesterol (胆固醇). But ask a heart doctor today and they’ll tell you that coconut oil will raise your bad cholesterol as much. Death by coconut, indeed!
People have other wrong ideas about me. But allow me to leave you with a sweet presidential tale. A World War II boat commanded by one John F.Kennedy was destroyed in 1943 by a Japanese warship. Kennedy and his surviving crew were stuck on an island. They were suffering from hunger, thirst and injuries when they met two friendly native coast-watchers. Kennedy scratched a message into a coconut shell: “NAURO ISL...COMMANDER...11 ALIVE...NEED SMALL BOAT...KENNEDY.”
The coast-watchers delivered this successfully and all the crew were saved. Years later, the coconut shell was given to the newly elected president. It sat on his office desk throughout his presidency and now is a center-piece of the John F.Kennedy Library in Boston-as the proof that we coconuts don’t take lives, we save them.
Why did Indian officials get rid of “me”?
A．To reduce Obama’s fear. B．To avoid unexpected injuries.
C．To show their welcome tradition. D．To follow the request from the US.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了椰子作为一种被人们误解的水果，其实大有用途。
【详情解析】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Before his visit, Indian authorities, however, removed every last sign of me around the museum. They were afraid the president of the United States would be taken out by one of me falling on his head.（然而，在他访问之前，印度当局清除了博物馆周围所有我的痕迹。他们害怕美国的总统会被我中一个人砸到头）”可知，印度官员除去“我”是为了避免给奥巴马总统造成意外伤害。故选B。
【答案】B
Passage 4、（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学一模）
Lately, my 90-year-old mother has been sleepier and sleepier. This is very strange and worrying. At the same time, my 92-year-old father has been suffering his own health problems. It is a terrible thing to see my father struggle to get my mother to talk, say something, when she doesn’t have the energy.
The other day, I recalled how my mother used to visit a woman named Mrs. Demopolis, a Greek immigrant, who made the best baklava(果仁蜜饼) in the world! She gave lessons on baking it to my mother. Also, my mother often baked baklava at home. As I spoke of this over the phone, my silent mother perked up and said how much she’d like to have one again.
Now, they live in Florida and I live in Wales, UK, so I can’t go and bring her some baklava or even make some in her kitchen. But what I did suggest was that my father could buy some baklava at a Greek restaurant and I could do the same, and wouldn’t it be fun to eat our baklava at exactly the same time and so, be together sharing the moment and the pleasure? My parents loved the idea and we decided to do it.
Two days later we both had our baklava and shared the experience. It meant a lot to my parents, and to me, to do this. My mother said she wanted to do this again, maybe with another food or even baklava again! Why not? And as she only keeps losing weight instead of gaining, it is good for her to find foods that appeal to her appetite . It is becoming harder to find ways to communicate over the phone, but this is at least a very good way to do so.
1．Why does the author feel worried?
A．Her mother can’t walk by herself. B．Her mother is becoming less active.
C．Her father has to get her mother to talk. D．Her mother refuses to talk with her father.
2．What did the author suggest to please her mother?
A．They should enjoy the same food at the same time.
B．The author should buy some baklava for her mother.
C．Her mother should make some baklava in her kitchen.
D．Her family should get together to look after her mother.
【语篇解读】
本文的语篇类型为记叙文。短文叙述了90岁的老母亲最近越来越昏昏欲睡，这让作者很担心。后来作者想了一个办法，让母亲活跃起来。
【详情解析】
1．【B】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Lately, my 90-year-old mother has been sleepier and sleepier. This is very strange and worrying.（最近，我90岁的妈妈越来越困了。这是非常奇怪和令人担忧的）”可知，为什么作者会感到焦虑是因为她母亲变得不那么活跃了。故选B。
2．【A】细节理解题。根据第三段的“But what I did suggest was that my father could buy some baklava at a Greek restaurant and I could do the same, and wouldn’t it be fun to eat our baklava at exactly the same time and so, be together sharing the moment and the pleasure? My parents loved the idea and we decided to do it.”（但我的建议是，我父亲可以在希腊餐厅买一些果仁蜜饼，我也可以做同样的事，如果我们在同一时间吃果仁蜜饼，一起分享这一刻和快乐，不是很有趣吗?我父母很喜欢这个主意，我们决定照做。）可知，作者建议，虽然身处两地，但他们可以各自买来果仁蜜饼，相约时间，一起享受它的美味与度过这段欢愉时光。故选A项。
Passage 5 、（2022·浙江·镇海中学三模）
English is the international language of science, but most of the world's scientists speak it as a second language. We shoulder an extra career challenge: Not only must we gain a command of science, but we must also be able to write in a foreign language to communicate that science.
My mother tongue is Hebrew. Fm now a researcher at Monash University. There are six people on my research team, five of whom are non-native English speakers. Writing highly technical English is crucial to our science. Our topics embrace cell biology, materials science and chemistry, so our writings must make sense to both non-experts and experts.
To be frank, English is suitable as an international language in a number of ways. On the surface, it’s easy enough to convey basic meanings when conducting trade, business and tourism, as well as on social media. In most contexts, it doesn't matter if you misuse “the” or "-ing,” or get the word order wrong. Although the spelling is chaotic, once you get a feel for the typical patterns, it’s not too hard.
However, when meanings are complex and technical, precision is a must. Then, English becomes a difficult beast to wrestle with.
The Australian poet Clive James once called English“big and baggy." I can't disagree. The vocabulary is large. Furthermore, the grammar is extraordinarily flexible, leaving us often confusing. There lies the problem: Such rich language makes it easy to produce long writings of questionable quality.
Worse still, we outsiders ta English are likely to have been taught to use complicated wording and long sentences to show our authority on a topic. However, English is the opposite: The language is at its most elegant when plain and simple. But simplicity is hard in English!
Another shock to me was the importance English speakers place on front-ending their messages. In many languages, you might expect readers to stay with the text throughout. In English, however, I’ve developed healthy fear that my readers will skim-read unless I state the essence at the opening of a paragraph, then walk backwards while explaining it.
1．Why is English suitable as an international language?
A．It can be easily used to get basic meanings across.
B．It has relatively simple grammar and spelling rules.
C．It is spoken by the majority of the world’s population.
D．Its huge vocabulary helps express complex meanings.
2．The challenge scientists have as non-native speakers is ___________.
A．how to convey complex and technical meanings precisely in English
B．how to produce professional writings in complicated English
C．how to establish their authority in the field of science in English writing.
D．how to make scientific writings in English accessible to authorities.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英语的简单性和复杂性，以及英文文章倾向于把关键信息放在前这一特点。
【详情解析】
1．【A】细节理解题。根据第三段“On the surface, it’s easy enough to convey basic meanings when conducting trade, business and tourism, as well as on social media.（表面上看，在进行贸易、商业和旅游以及社交媒体时，很容易传达基本含义。）”可知，因为容易传达基本的含义，所以英语适合作为国际语言。故选A项。
2．【A】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, when meanings are complex and technical, precision is a must. Then, English becomes a difficult beast to wrestle with.（然而，当含义复杂且具有技术性时，必须精确。然后，英语就成了一头难以对付的野兽。）”可知，对于英语非母语的人来说，准确地用英语表达出复杂的技术含义很难。故选A项。
Passage 6、（2022·福建·三明一中模拟预测）
Cody Simmons lived alone with his grandpa and the two of them had a very special relationship. Cody’s grandpa encouraged him to pursue football but also made it very clear that he would not have to if he did not want to.
Cody was the smallest in the class and was considered too short. Therefore, everyone was sure Cody could never make the cut when he decided to try out for the school football team. But he did! His grandpa shared his excitement. Though Cody was always on the bench, his grandpa never missed a match.
Cody was determined to give his best at every practice, hoping that he would at least get to play one day. In his free time, Cody would repeatedly watch videos of international football matches to learn skills. Besides, he always asked for extra tips from his coach.
This quiet and persistent (坚持不懈的) young athlete never missed a practice but never got to play in a single match. The coach kept Cody on the roster (名册) because he always put his heart and soul into every practice, and at the same time, encouraged the other members.
One day, at the end of the senior football season, Cody’s grandpa passed away. Cody was very sad. He said to the coach, “Is it alright if I miss the practice today?” The coach said gently, “Take the rest of the week off, son. Please do not come back for the finals on Saturday.”
Soon, it was Saturday, and the match was not going well. Then, Cody appeared. He asked the coach to let him play, but the coach pretended not to hear him. There was no way he wanted his worst player in this important match. But the young man persisted, and finally, feeling sorry for Cody, the coach gave in.
Before long, everyone in the stands was shocked because Cody was doing everything right. The opposing team could not stop him. He ran, passed, and tackled like a star. In the closing seconds of the match, Cody ran all the way for the winning touchdown and succeeded.
How did the coach deal with Cody’s request during the match on Saturday?
A．He refused it clearly. B．He ignored it at first.
C．He let him play excitedly. D．He praised him for his bravery.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Cody Simmons和爷爷一起生活，爷爷鼓励他参与足球运动，但由于他身材矮小，在校足球队一直是候补球员，教练从未让他上场比赛过，但Cody 从不气馁，反倒刻苦训练，提高自己的技能，最终在高中足球赛季的最后一场比赛中大放异彩，帮助所在球队赢得比赛。
【详情解析】
【B】细节理解题。由第六段中的“Then, Cody appeared. He asked the coach to let him play, but the coach pretended not to hear him. (然后，Cody出现了。他要求教练让他上场，但教练假装没听见)”可知，教练刚开始选择忽视Cody上场的要求，假装没有听见。故选B项。
Passage 7、（2022·山东省实验中学模拟预测）
Today, after 10 days of medical treatment, for the first time, I went out alone to meet a motherly lady who I had met during my stay in a program. She had been unwell recently and lived alone. Her sons live in foreign countries.
After I called her and told about my plan to visit her, she started becoming excited and planning food at once. Nowadays, she has a lady cook coming by to help her but she does part of the work herself with her bandaged (绷带) leg.
I reached her home alone after being guided a couple of times by her before. I carried little things (snacks, books etc.) for her. She had been waiting for some time when I arrived. We talked about different things from health to her life and mine, from past to future, from food to travel etc. During the discussion, her care for me became clear when she made warm suggestions or supported me.
During the last few months, she had struggled with health and housework. She had got over those difficulties and here she was telling me how all of us must face some problems. She had seen a few people facing worse problems in the hospital and mentioned about their cases and was grateful for her present condition which was manageable.
She wanted to gift me something—she kept thinking of a dress, watch, footwear etc. whatever was new and great in her home. I kept refusing but finally took the footwear out of politeness.
She loved the snacks I had brought and wanted to eat them with her tea, I was quite happy to see the childlike interest.
While I was spending time with my motherly friend, the following thought kept coming back to me—probably this is why I have lived through the 10 days in this city. The time I spent with her seemed so much needed. I felt the deep peace it could bring to me and that brought such a big joy!
1．How did the elderly lady feel when she heard the author’s visit?
A．Shocked. B．Pleased. C．Nervous. D．Embarrassed.
2．What can we learn about the lady from her talks with the author?
A．She was considerate and very healthy.
B．She wished the author lo live with her.
C．She showed much concern to her bandaged leg.
D．She was grateful compared with those less fortunate.
3．Why did the author accept the lady’s gift?
A．It is impolite to turn down the warm-hearted offer.
B．She happened to need such shoes to wear.
C．It would be a waste to keep shoes unused.
D．She wanted to exchange gifts with her.
【语篇解读】
本文为记叙文。在接受了10天的治疗后，作者第一次独自出去会见了一位慈母般的女士，她是作者在一个项目中遇到的。作者和她在一起的时间似乎很有必要。作者感受到了它能带给自己的深深的宁静和巨大的快乐!
【详情解析】
1．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段中的After I called her and told about my plan to visit her, she started becoming excited and planning food at once.（我打电话给她，告诉她我要去看她的计划后，她开始变得兴奋起来，马上开始准备吃的）可知，那位老太太听到作者要来探望它后感到很高兴。故B选项正确。
2．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段中的She had seen a few people facing worse problems in the hospital and mentioned about their cases and was grateful for her present condition which was manageable.（她看到一些人在医院里面临着更严重的问题，并提到了他们的情况，她很感激自己目前的状况是可控的）可知，与那些不幸的人相比，她心怀感激。故D选项正确。
3．【A】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的I kept refusing but finally took the footwear out of politeness.（我一直拒绝，但最后还是出于礼貌把鞋子拿走了）可知，作者最终接受了老太太的礼物，是因为拒绝热心的礼物是不礼貌的。故A选项正确。
Passage 8、（2022·湖北·黄冈中学三模）
Dozens of sea turtles swim past as I dive. Suddenly a diver cuts me off. Then another. “Hey!” I think. “Watch where you’re going!” Then I realize: These aren’t divers. They are sea lions! The creatures blow bubbles at me and the group of 11 kids I’m on vocations with, hitting us slightly on our backs. To not bother them much, we tear ourselves away from the wonderland.
We take this trip to the Galapagos Islands, a group of tropical islands crossing the equator. Our hotel is a boat called the Eclipse that has a pool. Humans aren’t allowed to live on most of the islands. The only way people can experience the magic of this place and meet animals on all the islands is by “panga”. “Our small motorboat is more important than the Eclipse. It’s very safe,” says a local guide, Fielsch. Lack of human threat makes the animals friendly. “They don’t know enough to be scared of humans.” Our group experience that firsthand. When we return after our diving adventure, we find sea lions lying next to our backpacks! Walking along the sand, we see more wildlife: seals, red crabs, orcas.
The following morning, we reach Fernandina Island, known for its volcano. Flightless birds called cormorants build nests on the rocks. Nearby are Galapagos penguins. Averaging about 19 inches in height, they’re the second smallest species of penguin in the world. “The Galapagos are so curious,” says 12-year-old Harry. “You’ve got penguins living far from the frozen South Pole, and birds that don’t fly!”
As we ride back, six penguins stand like soldiers, seeming to say goodbye. It’s our last day; none of us wants to leave this place. We know this trip has been a milestone for us. A marked shift in our attitudes towards the natural world is underway. “The Galapagos Islands seem to break the world’s rules,” says Harry. “More than ever, I’m interested in saving the environment. These animals truly need our care,” his sister Hannah adds.
Why is the trip considered a milestone for the author’s group?
A．It expands their knowledge of the world. B．It changes the way they think about nature.
C．It inspires them to protect the environment. D．It enables them to interact with various wildlife.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了到加帕拉格斯岛旅行的经历，这次旅行对作者的团队来说是一个里程碑，它改变了他们对自然的看法。
【详情解析】
【B】细节理解题。根据最后一段第四、五句话“We know this trip has been a milestone for us. A marked shift in our attitudes towards the natural world is underway. (我们知道这次旅行对我们来说是一个里程碑。我们对自然世界的态度正在发生显著转变)”可知，这次旅行对作者的团队来说是一个里程碑，它改变了他们对大自然的认识。故选B。
Passage 9、（2022·湖南师大附中模拟预测）
An American teacher who helped make college education accessible to low-income, immigrant, first-generation American, and refugee (难民) pupils has won the $1 million Global Teacher Prize. Keishia Thorpe, an English teacher in Maryland, was selected from more than 8,000 teachers in 121 countries.
Ms. Thorpe teaches English to 12th-graders at the International High School Langley Park, where 95 percent of pupils are from low-income families. She redesigned their courses for the English department to make it culturally relevant to her pupils who are from mostly Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and South America. Since then, her English language learners have shown a 40 percent increase in their reading.
Ms. Thorpe spent a lot of time encouraging her pupils to apply for college and helped them with their applications and accessing fully-funded scholarships. She helped her senior pupils in 2018–2019 win more than $6.7 million in scholarships to 11 colleges, with most of them not having to pay for their education.
She plans to use the prize money to give less well-off pupils an opportunity of receiving a third level education. “Every person deserves the right to education and I want to be that person who champions that for them. I plan to use the money to help students worldwide access higher education,” she said. “Students are the reason I’m here, so I plan to use that to promote them and create a better future for them.”
Organized by UNESCO and first awarded in 2015, the Global Teacher Prize is an annual award to a teacher who has made a vast difference to the profession. The winner of this year was announced at a virtual ceremony in Paris on November 10th, 2021.
1．How do Thorpe’s redesigned courses influence her students?
A．Students have spent more time reading. B．Students are more aware of their culture.
C．More low-income students attend school. D．More students apply for college education.
2．What can be learned about the Global Teacher Prize?
A．It devotes much to college education. B．It favors low-income immigrant teachers.
C．It targets teachers with huge contributions. D．It encourages reforms in English teaching.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了马里兰州的英语教师Keishia Thorpe获得了全球教师奖，并且赢得了100万美元的奖金。文章介绍了她所做出的的贡献以及全球教师奖的相关知识。
【详情解析】
1．【A】细节理解题。根据第二段中“She redesigned their courses for the English department to make it culturally relevant to her pupils who are from mostly Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and South America. Since then, her English language learners have shown a 40 percent increase in their reading.(她重新设计了英语系的课程，使其在文化上与她主要来自非洲、中东、加勒比地区和南美洲的学生相关。从那以后，她的英语学习者的阅读能力增长了40%)”可知，Thorpe重新设计的课程让学生们花了更多的时间阅读。故选A项。
2．【C】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Organized by UNESCO and first awarded in 2015, the Global Teacher Prize is an annual award to a teacher who has made a vast difference to the profession.(全球教师奖由联合国教科文组织组织，于2015年首次颁发，每年颁发给为该专业做出巨大贡献的教师)”可知，全球教师奖针对有巨大贡献的教师。故选C项。
Passage 10、（2022·广东·肇庆市第一中学一模）
There are several items that most women would consider to be daily essentials that they need to have in their purses at all times. Few would consider a pair of scissors to be among these items. But for Shi Qinling, this tool has been with her everywhere she goes for the past decade—not as a means of self-protection but artistic expression.“Paper-cutting is not about cutting random patterns from paper. Writers tell stories using words, I do the same,but with a pair of scissors,”Shi said.
Shi developed an interest in handicraft (手工艺)when she was a child who often found herself alone at home. Out of boredom, she would play with paper, folding and cutting them into different shapes. This interest later developed into a passion, one that she decided to pursue by majoring in arts and design during her time in university. After graduation, however, she found herself working at a ship design company as she was unsure about what she wanted to do with her future. About a year later, the Shanghai Arts and Crafts Research Institute offered her a position in their paper-cutting department. Realizing that she still had a love for the handicraft, she made the career switch.
In 2010, Shi started learning paper-cutting from Xi Xiaoqin, an expert of paper-cutting. Three years later, one of her works, The Fighting Fish, won the third place in a national competition. Six years later,Shi was named a Shanghai paper-cutting inheritor(继承人)and became the city’s“youngest inheritor” of the paper-cutting heritage. Over the past decade, Shi’s works have been exhibited in 23 exhibitions. Although Shi is already so skilled that she can create an animal pattern in 10 minutes, she continues to practice her skills every day. The reason is that she views paper-cutting as not just an art form, but also a form of learning about traditional Chinese culture. She thinks she has the responsibility to inherit this cultural treasure, and will make more efforts to attract people from different age groups and different fields to try paper-cutting.
What does paper-cutting mean to Shi Qinling?
A．A deep passion for the handicrafts. B．A tool that relieves her of boredom.
C．Cutting random patterns from paper. D．An art form of learning Chinese culture.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了剪纸艺术继承人石勤玲学习剪纸及把剪纸艺术发扬光大的过程，赞扬了她传承保护传统艺术的决心。
【详情解析】
【D】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The reason is that she views paper-cutting as not just an art form, but also a form of learning about traditional Chinese culture. (原因是她认为剪纸不仅是一种艺术形式，也是学习中国传统文化的一种方式)”可知，剪纸对于石勤玲来说，不仅是一种艺术形式，同时是学习中国传统文化的一种形式，结合起来就是剪纸是学习中国文化的一种艺术形式，故选D项。
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