新高考英语三轮冲刺查缺补漏专题05 三大从句 并列连词(2份打包,原卷版+解析版)
展开专题05 三大从句 并列连词
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
【2023年北京卷】 It’s easy t explain hw we determine ____15____smells are dangerus r nt: we learn.
【2023.6新高考1卷】Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatle's sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
【2019年北京卷】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___they g.
【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】. While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
回顾核心考点
考点一
从句的基础概念
由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。所谓主句,就是在复合句中起统领作用的句子,它是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;而从句则是复合句的一个句子成分,不能独立存在。
如:Yu’ll feel better after yu take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
主句是Yu’ll feel better,从句是after yu take the pills,由after引导,在整个复合句中用作状语,表示时间。
注意,英语的复合句不是简单句的反面,不要将它误解为“复杂句”。事实上,英语的简单句有时也可以比较“复杂”,而复合句也可以比较“简单”。
如:He stpped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。
这个句子比较“简单”,却是一个典型的复合句,其中的he stpped是主句,because he was tired是从句,在复合句中用作状语,表示原因。
考点二
名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)
所有的名词性从句均不能用逗号分开,并且它们都用相同的关联词,关联词如下:
① 主从连词:that (无意义), whether (是否), if (是否)(在句子中不充当任何成分)
② 连接代词:wh (谁), whm (谁), whse (谁的), what (什么), which (哪一个)
③ 连接副词:when (什么时候), where (什么地方), hw (怎样), why (为什么)
主从连词只起连接作用,连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外,还充当从句某一个成分。另外,可以用whatever, whichever, whever, wh(m)ever等连接代词引导名词性从句,来加强语气。
(一)主语从句(subject clause)
在主句中用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。
That he will cme t the discussin is certain.他来参加讨论是确定的。
When the meeting is t be held has nt yet been decide. 会议什么时候召开还没有决定。
主语从句放在句首,句子常常显得比较笨重,因此通常可以把it放在句首,作形式主语,而将主语从句放在后面。例如上面的句子可以分别改写为:
It is certain that he will cme t the discussin.
It has nt yet been decide when the meeting is t be held.
(二)宾语从句(bject clause)
在主句中作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。
在引导宾语从句时,从属连词that在口语中和非正式文本中常省略。
(1)动词后的宾语从句
We knw that a parrt can’t really speak.我们知道鹦鹉不会真的说话。
He wants t tell us what he thinks.他想告诉我们他所想的事情。
The club will give whever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
(2)形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词可以用that引导宾语从句,表示说话人对某一事物的态度并带有感情色彩。
常见的这类形容词有:
afraid, amazed, astnished, aware, certain, cnfident, delighted, glad, grateful, happy, prud, sad, srry, sure, surprised等。
例如:
I am glad that yu have cme. 你来了,我真高兴。
I am afraid that yu are wrng n this pint.恐怕你在这点上是错误的。
(三)表语从句(predicative clause)
在主句中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。
One idea is that fish is the best brain fd.有一种看法认为鱼是最好的补脑食品。
The prblem is where we can hld ur meeting.问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。
That is what he really wants.那就是他真想要的东西。
(四)同位语从句(常考)
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,wh,when,where,what,why,hw等引导。
常见的先行名词有:
fact,idea,belief,news,hpe,cnclusin,evidence,suggestin,rder,prblem,reprt,decisin.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
如:
She finally made the decisin that she wuld jin the fashin shw.
The news came that their team had wn the champinship.
名词性从句常考易错点
1.that 引导主语从句时,that 没有意义,但不能省略。
2.从句作主语时,多数情况下由 it 作形式主语,而把主语从句放在后面,尤其是谓语部分(包括宾语)较短的情况下。
3.whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句,但if不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加r nt, 而if 不能与r nt 连用。
作介词宾语时不用if.如:
①Whether I knew Jhn desn’t matter. = It desn’t matter whether I knew Jhn.
我是否认识约翰没有关系。
②Whether r nt she’ll cme isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll cme r nt isn’t clear. = It isn’t clear whether ….
她是否来还不清楚。
考点三定语从句
定语从句常考易错点
1)当先行词是
all,anything,everything,smething,nthing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,sme,n,nly以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。
如:That is all that I've heard frm him.
He's the first persn that I'm ging t interview this afternn.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whm引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。
如:
This is ne f thse things with which we have t put up.
This is ne f thse things (whic hthat) we have t put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
如:
Even in cmic bks where(=in which) there are n wrds,the stries are fully expressed thrugh the drawings.
N ne knws the reasn why(=fr which) he was s angry that day.
考点四状语从句
地点状语从句:
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she tk her little daughter with her.
原因、结果和目的状语从句:
1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,nw(that),seeing that,cnsidering that,in that等。
Cnsidering that he is a freshman,we must say he is ding well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:,
,s that,that,s等。
Mickey Muse is s attractive that the children are reluctant t leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:s that,in rder that,fr fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,culd,wuld等情态动词。
We gt up early this mrning s that we culd catch the first bus t the railway statin.
条件和让步状语从句:
1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(s) lng as,n cnditin that,in case,prvided(prviding) that,suppsing等。
As lng as yu have the right equipment,yu can use a telephne line t transmit cmputer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有thugh,althugh,whether,even thugh,even if,n matter what(when,hw...),whatever(whenever,wherever,)等。thugh,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”。
N matter what yu may say,I wuld nt change my mind.
Yung as he is,he is quite experienced in this wrk.(=thugh he is yung
总结:从句的两大特点
1.从句引导词
英语中的从句有个特点,就是通常要用一个词来“引导”,这个词我们就称它为“引导词”。不同的从句往往需要不同的引导词来引导,即使同一个词可用于引导多种从句,那它的用法和意思有所相同,如when可用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等,它的意思是“什么时候”。
如:
When he will cme is still unknwn. 他什么时候来还不知道。
The questin is when he did it. 问题是他什么时候干了此事。
I dn’t knw when the meeting will start. 我不知道会议什么时候开始。
when还可以引导时间状语从句,它的意思是“当……的时候”。
英语中用于引导从句的引导词何时省略与何时保留是有规律的,要遵循英语习惯,不可随意省略,否则会导致语法错误。
2. 从句词序
英语中的从句,无论是主语从句还是宾语从句,是定语从句还是状语从句,它都总是使用陈述句词序,也就是采用“主语+谓语+其他成分”这样的词序。
常考语法点“主将从现”
主将从现是一种出现在状语从句中的语法现象,多指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时态,则从句要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
因为主将从现出现在状语从句中,在这里我们就以状语从句的几个类别为根据来列举主将从现的标志性词语。
时间状语从句
when, whenever, since, till, nce, as sn as, while, as, befre, after
如:I will be a math teacher when I grw up.
条件状语从句
if, unless, as(s)lng as
如:If I have extra mney, I will pay the bill fr yu.
原因状语从句
because, since, as, fr, nw that
如:The tutr will leave here nw that yu have n prblems.
让步状语从句
thugh, althugh, even if, even thugh, hwever
如:Thugh yu have advantages in this match, I will nt give up.
目的状语从句
in rder that, s that, that
如:In rder that Lily can get the prize, we will have a planin detail.
在条件状语从句中,如果主语是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。
一个句子的中心意思体现在主句中,所以判断是否使用主将从现首先要做的是区分主从句。当找到主句,分析其时态为一般将来时或借助某些结构表达将来含义时,则从句使用一般现在时态。
考点五并列连词
英语中的连词是一种虚词,它可连接词与词或句与句,起连接的作用,但不承担句子成分。连词分从属连词和并列连词,从属连词引导从句,而并列连词连接两个互不依从的词、短语或分句。
★常见的并列连词及例句
(1)表示并列(递进)关系:
常用并列连词:
and, nt als..., 不但…而且…, 既不…也不…, 不是…而是…
◣He had plenty f mney and he spent it freely.
他有足够的钱,可以随便花钱。
◣Nt nly des he d well in English,but he des well in maths.
他不仅英语学得好,而且数学也很好。
◣Neither was the price satisfacty,nr did the clur agree with me.
价格不太令人满意,颜色也不太适合我.
◣Reading is fun, nt because the writer is telling yu smething, but because it makes yur mind wrk.
读书之所以有趣,不是由于作者告诉了你什么,而是由于书本促使你思考。
(2)表示选择关系:
常用并列连接词有
r, 否则, 要么…那么…therwise ,否则
◣Cme early tmrrw, r yu will miss the flight.
明天早上早点来,否则你会错过航班。
◣Either we g by train r we rent a car. Which d yu prefer?
我们要么坐火车去,要么租车去。你喜欢哪个?
◣Either yu leave nw r I call the plice!
要么你现在就走,要么我报警!
◣Fllw the dctr's advice, therwise yur cugh will get wrse.
遵照医生的建议,否则你的咳嗽会更严重的。
◣Tm tld Hwe t hurry up and take his bag; therwise, they'd miss their train
汤姆告诉豪赶快去拿包;否则他们会赶不上火车。
(3)表示转折关系:
主要并列连词有:but,但是yet,可是while,而,却;表示对比whereas,可是,但是hwever,但是,然而nevertheless, 可是,然而
◣She is very cute, but she desn’t wrk hard.
她很聪明,但她不努力。
◣She is seriusly ill, yet she desn' t give up hpe.
她病得很重,但仍没放弃希望。
◣He likes pp music,while I am fnd f flk music.
他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民族音乐。
◣There're plenty f rain in the sutheast,while there's little in the nrtheast.
东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。
◣It’s nrmally warm in summer, whereas tday it’s quite chilly.(whereas用来比较两个意见或事实)
夏天通常非常暖和,可是今天却挺凉的。
◣It was raining heavily, hwever, my father went t wrk as usual.
雨下得很大,但是我父亲和平常一样去上班。
◣She was very tired, nevertheless she kept n wrking.
她虽然很疲倦,可仍在继续工作。
(4)表示因果关系:
常用的并列连词有:
s,fr,therefre ,因此thus , 因此,这样hence, 因此
◣It must have rained last night fr it is wet all ver.
昨晚一定下雨了,到处都这么湿。
◣The shps were clsed s I didn't get any milk.
商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。
◣It rained and therefre the ftball match was pstpned.
天下雨,足球赛因此而延期了
◣We dn't have enugh time,hence we cannt accmplish the task.
我们没有足够的时间,因此我们无法完成任务。
注意:
(1)when 作并列连词,可译为“那时,这时,突然”,相当于and at this/ that time。
常用于下列句式:
①Sb. was ding sth. when...
(当某人正在做某事,这时…)
We were having a meeting when smene brke in.
当时我们正在开会,突然有人闯了进来。
②Sb. was abut t/ ging t d/n the pint f ding sth.
(当某人正要做某事,这时…)
We were abut t set ff when it suddenly began t rain.
我们正打算动身,突然下起了雨。
③Sb. had just dne
(当某人刚做完某事,这时…)
I had just finished sweeping the flr when the telephne rang.我刚拖完地,这时电话铃响了。
when可用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等,它的意思是“什么时候”。
when还可以引导时间状语从句,它的意思是“当……的时候”。
Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe,China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt ______ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
2.The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane,fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum ______ pened in 1759.
3.In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almst lifelike.
4.They kept their cllectin at hme until it gt t big ______ until they died,and then it was given t a museum.
5.I wrk nt because I have t, ______ because I want t.
6.In much f Asia,especially the scalled “rice bwl” cultures f China,Japan,Krea, ______ Vietnam,fd is usually eaten with chpsticks.
1.(2024·全国·二模) 8 is als wrth mentining is that if tw peple were brn in the different Lng years, they may have very different persnalities (persnality)
2.(2024·山东济南·一模)Everyne cnsidered it ut f date, 4 he thught it deserved an imprtant psitin and was determined t make it appreciated (appreciate) by everyne.
3.(2024·河南信阳·二模)All the bks abut Ma Mian Qun, whether they are related t cstumes, peras 4 cultural relics, nly shw that the smth surface withut pleats in the middle is called “Ma Mian”, but there is n further (far) explanatin fr the surce f “Ma Mian”.
4.(2024·辽宁盘锦·一模) 226 is s breathtaking abut sugar painting is its prductin prcess.
5.(2024·海南·一模) If s, yu might have experienced 142 is called maths anxiety — the feeling f being extremely nervus when faced (face) with ding basic mathematics.
6.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模)Thse 134 were brn in the Year f the Dragn are believed t inherit the dragn’s extrardinary qualities.
7.(2024·安徽淮北·一模)Befre fundatin f Sui Dynasty, China had cntinuusly (cntinuus) evacuated several canals, 3 had been suspended due t natural envirnment.
8.(2024·辽宁盘锦·一模) 53 is s breathtaking abut sugar painting is its prductin prcess. With ht sugar pured frm a small in spn nt a flat surface, the utline f the figure 54 (draw) with a thick stream f sugar.
9.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)Initially, finding drinking water was a headache fr residents: Peple had t fetch water frm five kilmeters away every day. T ease (ease) this area’s water shrtages, the lcal gvernment decided t cnstruct a canal acrss the muntains, 26 cnstructin was a remarkable engineering achievement.
10.(2024·四川成都·二模)nt nly bears the ideas f the Chinese civilizatin f peace and harmny but als carries (carry) the cmmn values f humanity such as harmnius family, scial inclusin and sund relatinship between man 189 nature.
11.(2024·新疆塔城·二模)There is very little 197 (different) between it and rdinary vting events, in 198 candidates g arund t seek supprts
12.(2024·福建莆田·二模)lcal cuisine, flk heritage and the gucha, 210 means “native wave” and the use f traditinal Chinese elements in fashin.
13.(2024·湖南岳阳·二模)The UN General Assembly, in a reslutin (决议), acknwledges the significance f the Lunar New Year, 185 is bserved in many UN member states, and invites the UN bdies at headquarters and ther duty statins (statin), where bserved, t avid hlding meetings n the Lunar New Year.
14.(2024·河北·一模)Citywalk nt nly fsters a deeper cnnectin between yung individuals and the city but als ffers a new scial landscape 181 like-minded peple can easily make friends.
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