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（北师大版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义语法专题专题三 第二讲 代词
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这是一份（北师大版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义语法专题专题三 第二讲 代词，共6页。
I① am a senir high schl student and I① want t jin ur② schl ftball team，but the persn in charge has rejected me③.I have t spend my② spare time practicing ftball t imprve myself④.Lk! The ftball under the bed is mine⑤.It has been wrn ut.
[规则感悟] ①为人称代词的主格形式作主语。②为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。③为人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。④为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。⑤为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。
(一)代词的形式
(二)反身代词的习惯用法
(三)it的用法
1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等。
It is early spring，but it is already very ht.
现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。
It is twenty miles frm here t the village.
从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。
2．代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词。
Althugh he desn’t like it，I decide t see the mvie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。
3．指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。
What will yu call it if it is a by?
要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？
4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.＋fr/f sb＋不定式
It is imprtant fr students t learn English well.对学生来说学好英语是重要的。
It was flish f him t leave the dr pen after he left the ffice.
他离开办公室之后没关门，真是糊涂了。
②It is n gd/use/useless ding sth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。
It is n use crying ver the spilt milk.
为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)
③It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/n wnder...)/adj.＋that从句
It is a pity that yu can’t g with her.
很遗憾你不能和她一起去。
④It＋特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turn ut/ccur t sb...)＋that从句
It seems that he has made a serius mistake.
他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。
⑤It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
It is reprted that 20 peple were killed in the earthquake.据报道有20人死于这次地震。
⑥It takes sb time/patience/effrt/energy t d sth
It tk him much energy t write the nvel.
写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：
主语＋think/believe/suppse/cnsider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(fr/f sb) t d sth/宾语从句
I find it easy t get n with Jim.
我发现同吉姆相处很容易。
He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting wuld be held.
他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。
(3)用于like，enjy，hate，lve，appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend n/upn，see t等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。
I’d appreciate it if yu culd attend ur party.
如果您能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。
5．it的常用短语或句型。
(1)When it cmes t learning English，reading widely is f great imprtance.
当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。
(2)I can’t help it if he is always cmplaining.
若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。
(3)We finally made it t the airprt thugh it was rainy.
尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。
(4)As smene puts it，practice makes perfect.
正如某人所说，熟能生巧。
(5)I take it that yu dn’t agree with the manager.我想你不同意经理的意见。
(6)It is/has been three years since he jined the army.他参军已经三年了。
(7)It was three years befre he returned hme.
过了三年他才回家。
对点练习
1．He lives a very regular life，studying every day and never allwing himself(he) t fall behind in his schlwrk.
2．When tld that it was a lss t humans，the farmers burst int laughter and respnded，“Our real lss is ur(we) decreasing incme.”
3．While making a chice frm varius ways f spending ur time，we ught t ensure smething that restres ur lst energy and cheers us(we) up.
4．I have made it clear that I will nt accept this jb.
5．Given hpe，I am cnvinced that a breakthrugh can cme at any age if we have faith in urselves and keep learning and wrking fr it.
6．There is a knck n the dr.It might be the pstman.
1．all/every/bth/each/neither/nne
There are 50 students in my class.Thugh nt all① f us are studying well，we all① study hard.Every student② has a dream university，thugh nt every student② can be admitted t a famus ne.My deskmate and I bth③ like music，but bth f us dn’t③ want t enter a music academy.Each④ f us has chsen ur future cllege.We have 14 teachers in all，nne⑤ f whm treat us badly.Hwever，my deskmate and I are bth③ fat，s neither⑥ f us lve PE classes.
[规则感悟] ①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与nt连用表示部分否定。②every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与nt连用构成部分否定。③bth表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与nt连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与f短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。⑤nne表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接f短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接f短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。
2．anything/nthing/smething/everything
—D yu have anything① t say abut yur exam?
—N，I have nthing② t say abut it.
—I hpe yu can share smething③ special abut yur schl.
—I have tld yu that I dn’t have anything① t say abut it.Everything④ has gne wrng.
[规则感悟] ①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。②nthing表示“什么也没有”，用于否定句中。③smething表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。
3．the ther，anther，thers与the thers
—Excuse me.Can yu exchange this T-shirt fr anther① ne? Sme thers② say it desn’t fit me well.
—Of curse.This T-shirt cmes in tw sizes；yu can try n the ther③ ne.
—Dn’t bther.There are s many shps and I will g t the thers④.
[规则感悟] ①anther泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。②thers表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与sme连用。③the ther可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the thers。
4．替代词that，thse，ne，nes，the ne，the nes
I fund a beautiful cat in a shp，but it was very expensive.Luckily，I fund ne① lking the same nline and it was much cheaper than that②/the ne③ in the physical shp.Hwever，when I received the cat，I realized thugh the nes④ sld nline were much cheaper，they were nt as gd as thse⑤ in physical shps.I wuld rather spend mre mney n better nes⑥ f high quality.
[规则感悟] ①ne替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。②that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词/不可数名词”。③the ne替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋单数名词”。④the nes替代复数名词，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。⑤thse 替代复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。⑥nes替代复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。
1.anther后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。“基数词/few＋ther＋复数名词”也表示“另外的……(多少)”。
Anther three students went t that party.＝Three ther students went t that party.
另外3个学生去了那个聚会。
2．n ne，nne，nbdy，nthing以及“n与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。当nt与不定代词all，bth，everyne，everybdy，everything等或“every＋名词”连用时，不管nt在它们之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。
Nne f us was ging t the party.
我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。
Nt all f them smke.＝All f them dn’t smke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。
对点练习
1．Success is just n the ther side.Yu have t want it enugh，and be willing enugh t get it.
2．Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them frm ne bad experience t anther and are ready t try smething else.
3．Nbdy likes t talk abut death，but the reality is—everyne is ging t die at ne pint，but nne f us knw the day，r the hur.
4．Bth teams were in hard training；neither was willing t lse the game.
5．Mr Zhang gave me a very valuable present，ne that I have never seen.
1．As the sng ges，this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry.It sure des in mine(I)．(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
2．Nanxiang aside，the best xia lng ba have a fine skin，allwing them t be lifted ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their(they) cntents.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
3．It was sweet and fresh.Mary lved it.She was extremely pretty，and her huse was a reflectin f herself(she)，everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.(2021·浙江6月)
4．Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.人称代词
物主代词
类别
主格
宾格
形容词性
物主代词
名词性物
主代词
反身代词
第一
人称
I
me
my
mine
myself
we
us
ur
urs
urselves
第二
人称
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurself
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurselves
第三
人称
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
与介词
搭配
by neself独自地
fr neself亲自；为自己
f neself自动地
in neself本质上；本身
与动词
搭配
apply neself t专心致志于
behave neself举止得体；行为检点
dress neself打扮；自己穿衣
devte neself t致力于；献身于
help neself t随便吃/用
enjy neself玩得开心
seat neself就座；入席
make yurself at hme别客气
teach neself自学
I① am a senir high schl student and I① want t jin ur② schl ftball team，but the persn in charge has rejected me③.I have t spend my② spare time practicing ftball t imprve myself④.Lk! The ftball under the bed is mine⑤.It has been wrn ut.
[规则感悟] ①为人称代词的主格形式作主语。②为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。③为人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。④为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。⑤为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。
(一)代词的形式
(二)反身代词的习惯用法
(三)it的用法
1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等。
It is early spring，but it is already very ht.
现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。
It is twenty miles frm here t the village.
从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。
2．代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词。
Althugh he desn’t like it，I decide t see the mvie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。
3．指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。
What will yu call it if it is a by?
要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？
4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.＋fr/f sb＋不定式
It is imprtant fr students t learn English well.对学生来说学好英语是重要的。
It was flish f him t leave the dr pen after he left the ffice.
他离开办公室之后没关门，真是糊涂了。
②It is n gd/use/useless ding sth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。
It is n use crying ver the spilt milk.
为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)
③It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/n wnder...)/adj.＋that从句
It is a pity that yu can’t g with her.
很遗憾你不能和她一起去。
④It＋特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turn ut/ccur t sb...)＋that从句
It seems that he has made a serius mistake.
他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。
⑤It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
It is reprted that 20 peple were killed in the earthquake.据报道有20人死于这次地震。
⑥It takes sb time/patience/effrt/energy t d sth
It tk him much energy t write the nvel.
写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：
主语＋think/believe/suppse/cnsider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(fr/f sb) t d sth/宾语从句
I find it easy t get n with Jim.
我发现同吉姆相处很容易。
He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting wuld be held.
他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。
(3)用于like，enjy，hate，lve，appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend n/upn，see t等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。
I’d appreciate it if yu culd attend ur party.
如果您能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。
5．it的常用短语或句型。
(1)When it cmes t learning English，reading widely is f great imprtance.
当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。
(2)I can’t help it if he is always cmplaining.
若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。
(3)We finally made it t the airprt thugh it was rainy.
尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。
(4)As smene puts it，practice makes perfect.
正如某人所说，熟能生巧。
(5)I take it that yu dn’t agree with the manager.我想你不同意经理的意见。
(6)It is/has been three years since he jined the army.他参军已经三年了。
(7)It was three years befre he returned hme.
过了三年他才回家。
对点练习
1．He lives a very regular life，studying every day and never allwing himself(he) t fall behind in his schlwrk.
2．When tld that it was a lss t humans，the farmers burst int laughter and respnded，“Our real lss is ur(we) decreasing incme.”
3．While making a chice frm varius ways f spending ur time，we ught t ensure smething that restres ur lst energy and cheers us(we) up.
4．I have made it clear that I will nt accept this jb.
5．Given hpe，I am cnvinced that a breakthrugh can cme at any age if we have faith in urselves and keep learning and wrking fr it.
6．There is a knck n the dr.It might be the pstman.
1．all/every/bth/each/neither/nne
There are 50 students in my class.Thugh nt all① f us are studying well，we all① study hard.Every student② has a dream university，thugh nt every student② can be admitted t a famus ne.My deskmate and I bth③ like music，but bth f us dn’t③ want t enter a music academy.Each④ f us has chsen ur future cllege.We have 14 teachers in all，nne⑤ f whm treat us badly.Hwever，my deskmate and I are bth③ fat，s neither⑥ f us lve PE classes.
[规则感悟] ①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与nt连用表示部分否定。②every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与nt连用构成部分否定。③bth表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与nt连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与f短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。⑤nne表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接f短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接f短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。
2．anything/nthing/smething/everything
—D yu have anything① t say abut yur exam?
—N，I have nthing② t say abut it.
—I hpe yu can share smething③ special abut yur schl.
—I have tld yu that I dn’t have anything① t say abut it.Everything④ has gne wrng.
[规则感悟] ①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。②nthing表示“什么也没有”，用于否定句中。③smething表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。
3．the ther，anther，thers与the thers
—Excuse me.Can yu exchange this T-shirt fr anther① ne? Sme thers② say it desn’t fit me well.
—Of curse.This T-shirt cmes in tw sizes；yu can try n the ther③ ne.
—Dn’t bther.There are s many shps and I will g t the thers④.
[规则感悟] ①anther泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。②thers表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与sme连用。③the ther可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the thers。
4．替代词that，thse，ne，nes，the ne，the nes
I fund a beautiful cat in a shp，but it was very expensive.Luckily，I fund ne① lking the same nline and it was much cheaper than that②/the ne③ in the physical shp.Hwever，when I received the cat，I realized thugh the nes④ sld nline were much cheaper，they were nt as gd as thse⑤ in physical shps.I wuld rather spend mre mney n better nes⑥ f high quality.
[规则感悟] ①ne替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。②that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词/不可数名词”。③the ne替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋单数名词”。④the nes替代复数名词，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。⑤thse 替代复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。⑥nes替代复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。
1.anther后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。“基数词/few＋ther＋复数名词”也表示“另外的……(多少)”。
Anther three students went t that party.＝Three ther students went t that party.
另外3个学生去了那个聚会。
2．n ne，nne，nbdy，nthing以及“n与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。当nt与不定代词all，bth，everyne，everybdy，everything等或“every＋名词”连用时，不管nt在它们之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。
Nne f us was ging t the party.
我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。
Nt all f them smke.＝All f them dn’t smke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。
对点练习
1．Success is just n the ther side.Yu have t want it enugh，and be willing enugh t get it.
2．Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them frm ne bad experience t anther and are ready t try smething else.
3．Nbdy likes t talk abut death，but the reality is—everyne is ging t die at ne pint，but nne f us knw the day，r the hur.
4．Bth teams were in hard training；neither was willing t lse the game.
5．Mr Zhang gave me a very valuable present，ne that I have never seen.
1．As the sng ges，this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry.It sure des in mine(I)．(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
2．Nanxiang aside，the best xia lng ba have a fine skin，allwing them t be lifted ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their(they) cntents.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
3．It was sweet and fresh.Mary lved it.She was extremely pretty，and her huse was a reflectin f herself(she)，everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.(2021·浙江6月)
4．Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.人称代词
物主代词
类别
主格
宾格
形容词性
物主代词
名词性物
主代词
反身代词
第一
人称
I
me
my
mine
myself
we
us
ur
urs
urselves
第二
人称
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurself
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurselves
第三
人称
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
与介词
搭配
by neself独自地
fr neself亲自；为自己
f neself自动地
in neself本质上；本身
与动词
搭配
apply neself t专心致志于
behave neself举止得体；行为检点
dress neself打扮；自己穿衣
devte neself t致力于；献身于
help neself t随便吃/用
enjy neself玩得开心
seat neself就座；入席
make yurself at hme别客气
teach neself自学
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