专题51.语法填空——一看两思（原卷版+解析版）

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[做考题·明考情]
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ___62___ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince. Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___63___ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad. ___64___ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ___65___ (prtect). Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre ___66___ (meaning). The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
In the last five years. Ca ___67___ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s ___68___ (high) muntain.
Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4, 700 kilmeters ___69___ Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially ___61___ the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019. T celebrate ___62___ festival, a number f events tk place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing n Thursday.
The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety ___63___ (address) the pening ceremny. “As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a ___65___ (respnsible)t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. It can help t build a cmmunity with a ___66___ (share) future fr mankind,” he said.
The “First Internatinal Tea Day Tea Rad Cperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremny calls fr peple wrking in the tea industry t cme tgether t prmte internatinal cperatin ___67___ cultural exchanges. A fur-year tea prmtin —Tea Rad Cperative Plan — was als issued in accrdance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremny, pening _____70_____ (it)first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth — A Special Exhibitin f Pu’er Tea.
分析全国卷近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
[知考点·通技法]
“有提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
2．考查非谓语动词
3．考查派生词
[技法汇总] “一定三思”解“动词”
（二）高频考点之二：提示词为名词
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
二、“无提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：填介词
(二)高频考点之二：填冠词
(三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词
(四)低频考点：填并列连词
随堂练习
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cver)an area abut three times ___57___ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ___58___ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, ___61___ leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”. The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ___62___ (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
Giant pandas als serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China. The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅱ卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch f the year n the weekend. When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brwn, nly three years ld, kncked Henry dwn when he fell. The by is in the hspital and dctrs say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt. On the day f the accident, Mrs. Brwn was at wrk and Eric was at hme with his father. They bth fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he lked dwn, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge. He hung n fr a few minutes ___41___ screamed fr his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny. He quickly ___43___ (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
He saved my ___44___ (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw ___45___ t thank him.”
"I just didn't want the by t be hurt," said Henry.
2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考 I 卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng“The Lng and Winding Rad”. ____56____is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undubted) help yu get refreshed! The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (ht) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astnish).
What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it ____61____ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place. Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure ____62____ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in ____64____(I).While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is ____65____ must t visit!
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国II卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always lved the cean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia. I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is fd.
I decided t d smething ____38____ (educate) peple abut this prblem. I held presentatins at schls t teach kids abut plastic waste. I wanted t reach businesses t. I decided that if I learned f a cmpany____39____ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
One day, I saw a cmmercial fr a health-care cmpany. Peple in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I fund the cntact infrmatin f the cmpany____40____ emailed its president. I tld him hw ____41____ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins. I was s____42____ (excite) when he wrte back t me.He said he wuld make sure that the cmpany cut its use f plastic straws in half.
I kept ging. Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A cmpany ____44____ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver _____45_____ plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
2021年英语高考全国甲卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It ___41___ (build) riginally t prtect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复). It is pssible ___43___ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
We accessed the wall thrugh the Suth Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and frm here yu can see streams f peple mving inside and utside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what ___45___ (gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
We ___46___ (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky ___47___ did the jb. It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all ___48___ way arund the Xi'an City Wall. Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtwer) t fake pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their ____50____ (day) rutines.
2021年全国高考乙卷英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecturism is cmmnly regarded as lw impact(影响)travel t undisturbed places. It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ___61___ (educate)abut the areas - bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ___62___(develp)f the lcal areas.
Ecturism has ___63___(it)rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envirnmental awareness made it desirable.
Due t ___65___ grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types ___66___ trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
·Minimize the impact f ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect fr and awareness f the envirnment and cultural practices.
·Prvide ___68___(finance)aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
·Make sure that the turism prvides experiences fr bth the visitrs and the hsts.
Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity.___69___(activity)there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim ____70____(have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
2021年高考浙江卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, ___36___ （prve）irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public. Beautifully restred（修复）t its 1860 appearance, the huse was Abraham and Mary Lincln's hme fr 17 years. In 1844 they bught it ___37___ $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ___38___ （marry）ceremny in 1842.
When the huse was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is tday. Mary's niece wrte, "The little hme ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it. She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f ___41___ （she）, everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.
Althugh Mary lved flwers, ___42___ she nr her husband was knwn as a gardener. A lng- time neighbr said they never planted trees and nly kept a garden fr ne year. Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver ___43___ （plant）flwers in the frnt yard.
___44___ Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family. Three f the fur Lincln sns were brn here. After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and ____45____ （sell）mst f their furniture.
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试--北京卷
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why d we dream？Scientists aren't cmpletely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea)．Dreams might be a side effect f memry making.When yu sleep,yur brain srts thrugh everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying t link new experiences t ld memries.As it ____13____ (cnnect) things，yur brain tums them int a stry,and yu get a dream．
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just ging abut his day．While riding his bike hme ____14____ a cld night，he came acrss a sad-lking elderly wman wandering the streets by herself．The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut ____15____ she lived．Sam walked her t a nearby cnvenience stre s that she culd ____16____（safe） wait fr the plice t take her hme．
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures,accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins. Frm 2000 t 2019, there were 7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billin in ecnmic lss．Much f this increase can be due t climate change. The findings shw a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster preventin.
高频考点
谓语动词
1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词
1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词
1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词
0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类
0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
低频考点
代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
高频考点
介词
0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词
0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词
0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
低频考点
并列连词
0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他
0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的d, des, did；构成部分倒装的d, des, did；构成一般疑问句的d, des, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(befre, ag, hwever, anyway ...)等。
解题
攻略
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。
典例1
While running regularly can't make yu live frever, the review says it __64__ (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.
分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。
典例2
Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011, the cuntry __61__ (grw) mre crn than rice.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grwn。
典例3
The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the gvernment __68__ (start) a sil­testing prgram that gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
分析：分析句子结构可知，when the gvernment __68__ (start) a sil­testing prgram为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。
解题
攻略
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，ding表示主动、正在进行；dne表示被动、完成；t d表示尚未发生的动作。
典例4
Yu dn't have t run fast r fr lng __62__ (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f __63__ (die) early by running.
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词dn't have t run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式t see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词f，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词f的宾语。
典例5
Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice __64__ (imprve) water quality.
分析：句中已有谓语动词encurages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式t imprve，作目的状语。
典例6
China's apprach t prtecting its envirnment while __70__ (feed) its citizens “ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Vegele.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词ffers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while __70__ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
典例7
But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid­1980s, when I was the first Western TV reprter __66__(permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reprter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted t ...作后置定语，修饰reprter。故填permitted。
解题
攻略
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
典例8
This switch has decreased __66__ (pllute) in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pllutin。
典例9
This develpment was nly pssible with the __69__ (intrduce) f electric­pwered engines and lifts.
分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填intrductin。
解题
攻略
所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
典例10
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all __67__ (cause)．
分析：分析句子成分可知，frm all __67__ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。
典例11
T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t __68__ (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词d，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号t构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
典例12
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst __70__ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.
分析：根据语境并结合空前的the mst可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
解题
攻略
当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
典例13
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years __61__ (lng) than nn­runners.
分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填lnger。
典例14
A taste fr meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。
解题
攻略
所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
典例15
When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find __68__ (they) alive.
分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。
典例16
On my recent visit, I held a lively three­mnth­ld twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mther.
分析：mther是名词，所填词作定语修饰mther，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
解题
攻略
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
典例1
My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a scientist wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching __67__ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
分析：search fr是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，此处指“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故填fr。
典例2
It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible crwds n the rads abve as they travelled t and __62__ wrk.
分析：travel t and frm wrk表示“上下班”，故填frm。
解题
攻略
当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
典例3
Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver __62__ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
分析：句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。特指在过去的25年里。故填定冠词the。
典例4
Unexpectedly, I'm face­t­face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at __62__ tp f her lungs.
分析：固定短语at the tp f“在……的顶部”，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。
解题
攻略
当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。
典例5
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 __66__ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a study，并在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
典例6
Over time, __45__ the ppulatin grew, peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly.
分析：根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时候”，故填as/when。
解题攻略
当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。
典例7
Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice t imprve water quality. Crn uses less water __65__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runff.
分析：根据比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻用水量进行比较，需填连词，故填than。