专题51.语法填空——一看两思---2023届高三英语总复习 （通用版）
展开语法填空——一看两思
[做考题·明考情]
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___67___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
分析全国卷近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
高频考点 | 谓语动词 | 1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。 |
非谓语动词 | 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。 | |
派生词 | 1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。 | |
名词 | 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。 | |
形容词和副词类 | 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。 | |
低频考点 | 代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。 | |
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
高频考点 | 介词 | 0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。 |
冠词 | 0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。 | |
从属关联词 | 0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。 | |
低频考点 | 并列连词 | 0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。 |
其他 | 0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。 |
[知考点·通技法]
一、“有提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
解题 攻略 | 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。 | |
典例1 | While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __64__ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. | 分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。 |
典例2 | Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __61__ (grow) more corn than rice. | 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。 |
典例3 | The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government __68__ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. | 分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government __68__ (start) a soiltesting program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。 |
2．考查非谓语动词
解题 攻略 | 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。 | |
典例4 | You don't have to run fast or for long __62__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __63__ (die) early by running. | 分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。 |
典例5 | Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __64__ (improve) water quality. | 分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。 |
典例6 | China's approach to protecting its environment while __70__ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. | 分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while __70__ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。 |
典例7 | But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter __66__(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. | 分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。 |
3．考查派生词
解题 攻略 | 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。 | |
典例8 | This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. | 分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。 |
典例9 | This development was only possible with the __69__ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. | 分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。 |
[技法汇总] “一定三思”解“动词”
（二）高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题 攻略 | 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。 | |
典例10 | Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67__ (cause)． | 分析：分析句子成分可知，from all __67__ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。 |
典例11 | To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __68__ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. | 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。 |
典例12 | (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most __70__ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. | 分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。 |
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
解题 攻略 | 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。 | |
典例13 | According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__ (long) than nonrunners. | 分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。 |
典例14 | A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. | 分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。 |
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题 攻略 | 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。 | |
典例15 | When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find __68__ (they) alive. | 分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。 |
典例16 | On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother. | 分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。 |
二、“无提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：填介词
解题 攻略 | 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。 | |
典例1 | My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching __67__ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. | 分析：search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，此处指“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故填for。 |
典例2 | It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and __62__ work. | 分析：travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填from。 |
(二)高频考点之二：填冠词
解题 攻略 | 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。 | |
典例3 | Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __62__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. | 分析：句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。特指在过去的25年里。故填定冠词the。 |
典例4 | Unexpectedly, I'm facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __62__ top of her lungs. | 分析：固定短语at the top of“在……的顶部”，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。 |
(三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词
解题 攻略 | 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。 | |
典例5 | Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __66__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. | 分析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a study，并在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。 |
典例6 | Over time, __45__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. | 分析：根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时候”，故填as/when。 |
(四)低频考点：填并列连词
解题攻略 | 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。 | |
典例7 | Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water __65__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. | 分析：根据比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻用水量进行比较，需填连词，故填than。 |
随堂练习
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅱ卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考 I 卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国II卷）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
2021年英语高考全国甲卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
2021年全国高考乙卷英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
2021年高考浙江卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ （sell）most of their furniture.
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试--北京卷
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea)．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream．
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention.
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