专题50.完形填空——三层递进（原卷版+解析版）

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目标导航
题文通读，宏观把握，架构了然于胸
做完形填空题，最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动，不置于语篇大环境下凭主观臆断，造成“只见树木，不见森林”的片面性错误。正确的做法是：先通读全文和选项，对文意和题目有个大致了解，搞清楚主旨大意及思考方向后，再进行第二遍精读和答题。如何读文，如何做题，怎样才能高效，本讲将给予悉心宏观指导。
一、把握4大文体特征——读文求快
(一)常考文体——记叙文
完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主，常见的故事基本上可分为餐厅故事、师生关系、家庭生活和个人奋斗等类型。从叙事方式来看，故事内容基本都遵循“起—承—转—合”的常见记叙文写作思路。从正负态度来解释，则可分为两种模式：一种为“负—正”，即故事开始就是“坏事”，后来转变为“好事”；另一种是“正—负—正”，即文章开始平静祥和，中间经历挫折、困难，最终迎来光明美好的结局。两种模式的共同点在于，无论故事如何开篇，过程都会经历曲折，结尾必然收获美好、充满希望。
总之，完形填空的选材基本都是积极向上、引人向善的文章。了解这些有助于考生理解文章内容、把握主人公情感走向，进而帮助解题。
(二)常考文体——夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议类的文章通常是采用叙议结合的写作方法，文章先进行叙述，然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，说明故事所包含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。阅读此类文章时，考生要重点关注议论的部分，从而总结出文章的主旨。
(三)时考文体——议论文
议论文是一种“剖析事物、论述事理、提出主张或发表见解”的说理性文章。议论文三要素是论点(作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)。高考议论型短文分为两种：一种是夹叙夹议型短文；另一种是纯议论型短文。第一种的基本模式是：叙述事件—抒发感悟—作出结论。第二种的基本模式是：提出问题—分析问题—解决问题。
(四)时考文体——说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。其基本模式是：观点—说明—总结。
二、掌握3步解题流程——解题求稳
练就一项超人技能——题文齐读
例1
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years.
Sme f ur ___41___ are funny, especially frm the early years when ur children were little. Once, we ___42___ alng Chalk Creek. I was ___43___ that ur 15-mnth-ld by wuld fall int the creek (小溪). I tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt. That lasted abut ten minutes. He was ___44___, and his crying let the whle campgrund knw it. S ___45___ tying him up, I just kept a clse eye n him. It ___46___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-ld, hwever, did.
Anther time, we rented a bat in Vallecit Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly ___48___ ur peaceful mrning trip. The ___49___ picked up and thunder rlled. My husband stpped fishing t _____50_____ the mtr. Nthing. He tried again. N _____51_____. We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr. As we all sat there _____52_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rpe and twed (拖) us back. We were _____53_____.
Nw, every year when my husband pulls ur camper ut f the garage, we are filled with a sense f _____54_____, wndering what camping fun and _____55_____ we will experience next.
41. A. ideasB. jkesC. memriesD. discveries
42. A. campedB. drveC. walkedD. cycled
43. A. annyedB. surprisedC. disappintedD. wrried
44. A. unhurtB. unfrtunateC. uncmfrtableD. unafraid
45. A. due tB. instead fC. apart frmD. as fr
46. A. wrkedB. happenedC. matteredD. changed
47. A. signed upB. calmed dwnC. checked utD. headed ff
48. A. arrangedB. interruptedC. cmpletedD. recrded
49. A. windB. niseC. temperatureD. speed
50. A. findB. hideC. startD. fix
51. A. luckB. answerC. wnderD. signal
52. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. dubtfullyD. helplessly
53. A. srryB. braveC. safeD. right
54. A. reliefB. dutyC. prideD. excitement
55. A. failureB. adventureC. perfrmanceD. cnflict
句群精读，活用方法，稳抓保分题目
通过第一步的通览文章，明白了文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章，做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是上文提到的句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”在文章的通读环节可预判解答一部分，但这些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法1 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[典例] I was 43.thrilled! I arrived early at Byrn Bay where we were suppsed t 44.meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a grup f kayakers arund 150m ff the shre.
45．A.bathed B．clean
C．deep D．frmed
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。此处意为“海湾沐浴在阳光中”，be bathed in为固定搭配，表示“沐浴在……中”。
方法2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[典例] Getting a little 46.clser,_I realized ne kayak (皮划艇) was in 47.truble. “Smething's nt 48.right！” I tk ff my T­shirt and __49__ int the water. I saw there were tw instructrs n bard and a man lying acrss the middle. He was 50.shaking vilently. Linking arms with ne f the instructrs, I helped __51__ the yung man ut f the water. He was uncnscius and as I lked at his face, smething 52.ccurred t me. Thse brwn eyes were very 53.familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructr. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew. That stranger was my sn!
49．A.stared B．sank
C．dived D．fell
51．A.lead B．persuade
C．carry D．keep
[分析] 49.选C 51.选C 这两道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，第49题我注意到一个皮划艇出了意外情况，我自然是脱掉T恤衫，“跳进”水里救人，dive意为“跳水”；第51题作者和一位教练双臂连接，两个人一起应该是将这个不省人事的年轻人“抬”出了水面，用carry表示“抬”。
方法3 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例]Teresa 56.psted a pht f the chance meeting n a scial netwrking website 57.accmpanied by the tuching wrds：“What a 58.blessing this yung man was t ur family! He was s __59__ and kind t d this.”
59．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
[分析] 选C 本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。
方法4 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[典例] We went 10­1 and I was named mst valuable player, __28__ I ften had crazy dreams in which I was t blame fr Miller's 29.accident.
28．A.and B．then
C．but D．thus
[分析] 选C 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。本空考查连词。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的连词。
通过上述分析得知本空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案是but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。
方法5 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] The instructrs called fr an ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hspital, Ben was well enugh t be allwed t __56__ and later the family met up fr dinner.
55．A.Frtunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
56．A.return B．relax
C．speak D．leave
[分析] 55.选A 56.选D 这两道题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文的“after a brief stay in hspital”，“well enugh”和“later the family met up fr dinner” 这些暗示中我们可知Ben“很幸运”，“被允许出院”。
例2
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅱ卷）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B，C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre. It might sund like ne lng, expensive ___22___ , but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel ___23___ .
They’re part f a new frm f the ___24___ ecnmy: an nline grup f huse sitters. Thrughut their n-cst stays in ___25___ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .
It’s nt all sightseeing. The tw travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days arund the pets that are smetimes difficult t ___28___ . But huse sitting als ffers a level f ___29___ they can’t find in a htel. “It’s like ____30____ at a friend’s huse,” Jessica says.
The cuple has a high ____31____ rate in getting accepted as huse sitters and they always g beynd the hmewner’s ____32____ . Fr Jessica, that means ____33____ plenty f pictures f happy pets, keeping the huse ____34____ and leaving a nice small gift befre heading t the next huse. “Yu want t make the hmewner feel that they made the right ____35____ ,” she says.
21. A. indrsB. nlineC. single-handedD. full-time
22. A. gameB. serviceC. vacatinD. prcedure
23. A. safeB. busyC. helpfulD. affrdable
24. A. lcalB. privateC. sharingD. agricultural
25. A. strangers’B. parents’C. c-wrkers’D. neighbrs’
26. A. favrB. defenseC. hnrD. absence
27. A. planB. explainC. cmpareD. cmplete
28. A. buyB. transprtC. chseD. please
29. A. supprtB. cmfrtC. cntrlD. attentin
30. A. ckingB. stayingC. waitingD. studying
31. A. successB. survivalC. grwthD. unemplyment
32. A. budgetB. abilitiesC. expectatinsD. understanding
33. A. admiringB. dnatingC. sendingD. brrwing
34. A. cleanB. penC. simpleD. empty
35. A. guessB. decisinC. respnseD. impressin
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。
[典例1]When mst f us get a text message n ur cell phne frm an unknwn persn, we usually say “srry, 41.wrng number！” and mve n. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn't intended fr him, he did smething 43.special.
42．A.received B．translated
C．cpied D．printed
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用语义复现解题。第42空是上文“get”的同义词复现，故选A项。
[典例2] While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life, cllege sets the stage fr that explratin.I myself went thrugh this __41__ prcess and fund smething that has changed my 42.experience at cllege fr the better: I discvered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．frmal
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explre”的近义词复现，故选A项。
方法2 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例] Tw weeks earlier, my sn, Ben, had gt in tuch. He'd mved t England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41.last seen him. S imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted t cme t visit me.
42．A.delight B．relief
C．anger D．wrry
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此当儿子发来邮件说他想来看望作者时，作者应该是感到高兴(delight)，故A项符合语境。
方法3 利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。
[典例]Hundreds f peple have frmed impressins f yu thrugh that little device (装置) n yur desk.And they've never actually 41.met yu.Everything they knw abut yu 42.came thrugh this device, smetimes frm hundreds f miles away.__43__ they feel they can knw yu 44.just frm the sund f yur vice.That's hw pwerful the 45.telephne is.
43．A.Thus B．Yet
C．Then D．Indeed
[分析] 选B 本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文之间是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项B.Yet。thus“因此”；then“随后”；indeed“的确，确实”。
方法4 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例]On March 19, Dennis gt a grup text 44.infrming him that a cuple he didn't knw were at the hspital, waiting fr the __45__ f a baby.
“Cngratulatins! But I think smene was mistaken，” Dennis 46.respnded. The baby was brn and update texts were 47.cming_in quickly frm the verjyed grandmther, Teresa.
45．A.wake­up B．recvery
C．grwth D．arrival
[分析] 选D 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文“The baby was brn”这一暗示信息可知，一对夫妇正在等待宝贝的降临，因此选arrival“到来，降临”。
例子3
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yu can tell a lt abut a man by hw he treats his dgs.
Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enugh t keep my lneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dg, Mlly, and a cat, Flra. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lver, I ___45___ that three dgs were perhaps t many, and my dgs might attack ___46___, the cat.
The next week we ___47___ ur dgs tgether. It was a ht day. When we paused t catch ur ___48___, Steve gt dwn n ne knee. Was he prpsing (求婚)? I liked him t, but s ___49___? He pured water frm a bttle int his hand and ffered it t my dgs. ______50______, I began t fall fr him.
We ______51______ t date, thugh neither f us brught up the future. And then in late Nvember, Tilly had an peratin n her ______52______. I tk the dgs ut fur times a day, and I wrried that Tilly ______53______ climbing the stairs culd repen the wund. Then Steve ______54______ his huse. All wrked ______55______. The three dgs frmed a pack that, with caching, ______56______ Flra’s space; Steve and I frmed a gd team ______57______ fr Tilly. We made gd husemates.
A year later, much t my ______58______, this man prduced a little bx with a ring and prpsed t me. He did nt kneel (跪) dwn, nr did I ______59______ him t. That’s nly fr giving ______60______ t the dgs that brught us tgether.
41. A. wnershipB. membershipC. cmpaninshipD. leadership
42. A. reservatinsB. expectatinsC. cnfidenceD. prejudice
43. A. fearedB. dubtedC. hpedD. learned
44. A. unsatisfiedB. amusedC. terrifiedD. thrilled
45. A. predictedB. wrriedC. regrettedD. insisted
46. A. FlraB. ChanceC. MllyD. Tilly
47. A. tiedB. walkedC. bathedD. fed
48. A. breathB. balanceC. attentinD. imaginatin
49. A. calmB. sureC. snD. real
50. A. By the wayB. In that caseC. By all meansD. In that mment
51. A. cntinuedB. decidedC. intendedD. pretended
52. A. eyeB. tailC. earD. leg
53. A. secretlyB. cnstantlyC. eventuallyD. unwillingly
54. A. leftB. sldC. suggestedD. searched
55. A. lateB. hardC. fineD. free
56. A. emptiedB. respectedC. ccupiedD. discvered
57. A. lkingB. caringC. waitingD. calling
58. A. delightB. creditC. interestD. disadvantage
59. A. begB. trustC. needD. aid
60. A. tysB. awardsC. fdD. water
全篇思读，着眼几点，智取拉分题目
高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道这样的较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目错选的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐含；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的5大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而判。
易错点1 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。
[典例1] During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse, called Thinking Chess, fr three credits. I 41.jumped_at the idea f taking the class because, after all, wh desn't want t 42.save a few dllars? ...
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a frmer graduate returning t teach, and this 48.jb was n game fr him; he meant business. In his intrductin, he made it 49.clear that ur credits wuld be hard­earned. In rder t 50.pass the class, amng ther criteria, we had t write a paper n hw we plan t 51.apply what we wuld learn in class t ur future prfessins and, 52.eventually,_t ur lives. I managed t get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessns that have served me well beynd the 54.classrm.
53. A．game B．presentatin
C．curse D．experiment
[分析] 选C 本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。第一段“was ffering a ‘free’ curse”中的curse是第53空的原词复现，故选C项。
[典例2]
...
The 46.stry began during my first week at cllege.I watched as the ASL Club 47.perfrmed their translatin f a sng.Bth the hand mvements and the very 48.idea f cmmunicating withut speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was cmpletely unlike anything I had experienced in the newness just left me 51.wanting mre.
After that, feeling the need t __52__ further, I decided t drp in n ne f ASL club's meetings.I nly learned hw t 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead f being discuraged by my 54.slw prgress, I was excited.I then made it a pint t 55.attend thse meetings and learn all I culd.
...
52．A.exercise B．explre
C．express D．explain
[分析] 选B 本题是语篇层次题，需要综合空格上一段和空格所在段落来寻找突破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周我观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演→我被表演所吸引→我想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识→我参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索”(explre)的必要。故答案为B项。
易错点2 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
[典例1] I started ding anything I culd t help them build a little 25.pride. Mst imprtant, I began t treat them like26.winners. That summer, when the ther teams enjyed their 27.vacatins,_we met every day and 28.practiced passing and kicking the ftball.
...
Frm the experience I learned a lt abut hw the attitude f the leader can 33.affect the members f a team. Instead f seeing my bys as lsers, I pushed and 34.encuraged them. I helped them t see themselves __35__， and they built themselves int winners.
35．A.hnestly B．individually
C．calmly D．differently
[分析] 选D 四个备选项在形式上非常相似，它们都是副词，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。联系上句中的“Instead f seeing my bys as lsers”以及上文的“treat them like 26.winners”可知，此处是指“我帮他们用不同的方式(differently)看待自己”。hnestly“老实地，诚实地”；individually“个人地”；calmly“平静地”。
[典例2]Fr a lng time Gabriel didn't want t be invlved in music at all. In his first years f high schl, Gabriel wuld lk pityingly at the music students, __36__ acrss the campus with their heavy instrument cases ...
36．A.travelling B．marching
C．pacing D．struggling
[分析] 选D 四个备选项在含义上比较相近，考生很容易因分不清它们的含义而失分。由空前的“lk pityingly at the music students”以及空后的“heavy instrument cases”可知，Gabriel同情地看着那些背着重重的乐器箱子、艰难地穿过校园的音乐生，故struggle“艰难地行进”，符合语境。travel“长途行走，旅行”；march“齐步走，行进”；pace“来回踱步，走来走去”。
易错点3 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
[典例1]Much t the family's surprise, Dennis stuck t his 52.prmise! He turned up at the hspital __53__ gifts fr the new mther Lindsey and her baby by. Lindsey's husband was ttally 54.astnished by the unexpected visit. “I dn't think we wuld have randmly invited him ver but we 55.appreciate it and the gifts.”
53．A.bearing B．cllecting
C．pening D．making
[分析] 选A 本文描述一个叫特蕾莎的老妇人沉浸在为人祖母的喜悦当中，她把小宝贝的照片发给了陌生人丹尼斯，但是丹尼斯却回复短信说他会去医院看望小孩，并与小孩合影。本段主要描述特蕾莎一家没有想到丹尼斯真的来到医院，还带来了礼物，她们非常感动。bear是一个多义词，用作动词，最常见的意思为“承受，忍受”，除此之外还有“承担(责任)；支撑，承受(重量)；显示；带有；携带；生(孩子)；开(花)；结(果实)”等。根据语境，在此意为“携带”。
[典例2] One day I 46.met a frmer classmate f mine wh was47.making a lt f mney running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular jb was48.bring,_I asked him why he just didn't d his sideline fulltime.He said withut the jb, he wuld__49__ have t much time and wuld just d what I did back in 50.cllege. He said that if he51.quit the jb, he wuld lse his52.drive t wrk and succeed.
49．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hpefully D．simply
[分析] 选D 根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是：简单地，简朴地。
易错点4 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记熟。
[典例1]
...
The fllwing term, I __56__ an ASL class. The prfessr was deaf and any talking was __57__. I sn realized that the silence was nt ,_if there had been any talking, it wuld have 59.caused us t learn less.Nw, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way f cmmunicatin it pens.
56．A.missed B．passed
C．gave up D．registered fr
57．A.prhibited B．welcmed
C．ignred D．repeated
[分析] 56.选D 57.选A 后文的语境中介绍了ASL课堂上教授的情况(教授是个失聪的人)以及在课堂上作者的感悟，由此可判断作者在下学期报名参加了这门课程。故第56题应选择D项，register fr表示“登记，报名参加(课程)”。文中两次出现的“silence”以及“if there had been any talking, it wuld have 59.caused us t learn less”都表明，在手语课上任何谈话都是被禁止的，故第57题选择A项，prhibit表示“禁止”。此部分选项中的register fr和prhibit都是考生相对陌生的考纲词汇，所以一些考生会因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
[典例2] A Trnt man is ffering a free rund­the­wrld air ticket t the right wman. But __41__apply. Yu must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42.passprt.
41．A.benefits B．depsits
C．restrictins D．examinatins
[分析] 选C 该选段是文章第一段。空后介绍这位能够获得免费环游世界机票的女士的名字必须是Elizabeth Gallagher，而且必须持有加拿大护照。这些都是限制条件。故选择C项，restrictin表示“限制规定”。restrictin也在考纲之内，许多考生却因不熟悉这个词汇而造成误选。benefit“优势，好处”；depsit“订金，押金”；examinatin“检查，考试”。
易错点5 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed t d sth.来表达。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait fr这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择fr。但在“He stpped his car t wait at the red light.”中就不用fr。
[典例1] One day, when she was five years ld, she was walking with her mther in dwntwn Winnipeg. They saw a man __36__ ut f a garbage can. She asked her mther why he did that, and her mther said that the man was hmeless and hungry.
36．A.jumping B．eating
C．crying D．waving
[分析] 选B 受思维习惯的影响，考生易误选A项，因为jump ut f 是常见搭配。但根据下文的“the man was hmeless and hungry”可知，她们看见一个人在垃圾桶里捡东西吃。故选B。
[典例2] __41__ January 26, Billy and three ther children had died.
41．A.Frm B．On
C．By D．After
[分析] 选C 受思维习惯的影响，考生可能会根据“在具体的某一天前用介词n”而误选B项。因为句子的谓语使用的是过去完成时，因此应用by。“by＋时间”与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间时，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间时，用将来完成时。句意：截至1月26日，Billy和其他三个孩子都去世了。
例子4
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek. Fr them, there’s smething highly exciting abut ___41___ smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever, we all witness that preschl children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies ___43___.
Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was ___44___ as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur ___45___ research results in child develpmental psychlgy ___46___ that idea.
We brught yung children aged 2-4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r ___48___. We then asked the child if she culd ___49___ r hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they culdn’t. The same ____50____ happened when the adult cvered her wn muth: ____51____ children said that they culdn’t ____52____ t her.
A number f ____53____ ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects ____54____ the questins and knew ____55____ what was asked f them. Their ____56____ t the questins reflected their true ____57____ that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our ____59____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd ____60____ when thers use it.
41. A. fllwingB. takingC. escapingD. directing
42. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick
43. A. expsedB. examinedC. untuchedD. imbalanced
44. A. supprtedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted
45. A. disappintingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired
46. A. explainedB. cnfirmedC. cntradictedD. tested
47. A. parentB. childC. researcherD. dctr
48. A. feetB. nseC. handsD. ears
49. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fl
50. A. eventB. thingC. actinD. accident
51. A. YetB. NwC. SnD. Once
52. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave
53. A. instructinsB. descriptinsC. experimentsD. assumptins
54. A. cmprehendedB. predictedC. explredD. ignred
55. A. partlyB. hnestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly
56. A. respnsesB. apprachesC. cntributinD. sensitivity
57. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpse
58. A. hld backB. relate tC. insist nD. make up
59. A. limitatinsB. requirementsC. theriesD. findings
60. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective
随堂练习
2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考 I 卷）
My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____41____ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes fr all its ____42____thrughut Cleveland. It happened that the plant dwntwn needed eight kids fr ____43____ help during ur spring break, fr which I had n____44____ beynd listening t my favrite recrds. I’d ____45____ minimum wage. I’d see hw a factry____46____. My parents thught all f this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____47____.
Our____48____in the factry were simple: Place cakes n a mving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nse.____49____ bunny frm the belt. This was _____50_____ than it sunds._____51_____ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I tld my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little mre high-pressure than I’d _____52_____ .
Dad ____53____. The sn f a grcer, he’d spent the summers f his childhd_____54_____ fd in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu_____55_____ the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.
41. A. sldB. rderedC. madeD. reserved
42. A. stresB. familiesC. schlsD. citizens
43. A. generusB. financialC. technicalD. temprary
44. A. plansB. prblemsC. excusesD. hbbies
45. A. fferB. earnC. setD. suggest
46. A. wrkedB. clsedC. develpedD. survived
47. A. ambitinB. permissinC. experienceD. invitatin
48. A. jysB. ideasC. rlesD. chices
49. A. SaveB. KeepC. StpD. Remve
50. A. harderB. betterC. lngerD. cheaper
51. A. Calm dwnB. Slw dwnC. Stay nD. Mve n
52. A. indicatedB. witnessedC. expectedD. remembered
53. A. criedB. smiledC. hesitatedD. refused
54. A. tastingB. findingC. sharingD. delivering
55. A. withdrawB. dnateC. receiveD. appreciate
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国II卷）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳
Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended t be smene else many times,and has even learned t ____21____ different dialects（方言），leading t him being described as an “Oscar-winning actr".
The 60-year-ld is nt an actr, but a ____22____ Hwever,he is mre devted t his “____23____ "than any real actr.
In the 1990s, a grup f thieves ften sld stlen gds with the help f sme beggars. T lk int the ____24____，Wang disguised（伪装）himself and ____25____ the beggars. Dirty shrts and ld shes gave him the ____26____ f a real beggar and his cnvincing dialect sn wn him the ____27____ f the beggars.
“I ften ____28____ them t drink alchl. Once they were ____29____,they began t talk a lt,"Wang said. “I'd then ____30____ myself t use the tilet, ____31____ what the beggars said, and send the ____32____ t my teammates.”
Wang，wh is ften in ____33____ situatins， is als a jud （柔道） master. “As lng as I get clse enugh, n criminal can ____34____ frm me," he said.
Wang's ____35____ wn him several hnrs, including a Natinal May Day Labr Medal and 11 Citatins f Merit.Paris.
21. A. teachB. cmpareC. assessD. speak
22. A. lawyerB. dctrC. plicemanD. businessman
23. A. rleB. studyC. familyD. audience
24. A. minrB. caseC. futureD. questin
25. A. interviewedB. jinedC. arrestedD. assisted
26. A. challengeB. experienceC. appearanceD. freedm
27. A. vteB. sympathyC. permissinD. trust
28. A. invitedB. frcedC. helpedD. expected
29. A. drunkB. desertedC. bredD. lst
30. A. guideB. persuadeC. excuseD. allw
31. A. refer tB. nte dwnC. ask abutD. miss ut
32. A. planB. agreementC. directinD. infrmatin
33. A. awkwardB. dangerusC. unfrtunateD. strange
34. A. separateB. recverC. escapeD. hear
35. A. curageB. hnestyC. kindnessD. ptimism
什么是“题文齐读”
为什么要“题文齐读”
顾名思义就是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者并不是相互分散精力，而是协调配合、相互印证的。要做到双眼聚焦(一眼侧重于读文，一眼侧重于扫描对应的选项)，眼脑共用(边读文边思考，对各空的选项有一个初判)。这项技能对考生的要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。考生在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。
(1)一篇约250词的短文存在15处的空格，信息的残缺不全造成文意理解的较大障碍。不看选项，不进行初判，“硬啃式”读文会造成越读越难，到后面甚至读得心烦意乱，从而造成文意理解的偏差。
(2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目，通过边读边预判是能做对大部分的，随着一部分空格不断被填补还原，文意也就越来越明显，读文障碍会越来越少。“题文齐读”可大大缩减读文和答题时间。