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外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Family matters精品课时训练
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这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Family matters精品课时训练，文件包含Unit3FamilymattersWordsandexpressions分层练习原卷版docx、Unit3FamilymattersWordsandexpressions分层练习解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共13页， 欢迎下载使用。
分层练习
语言知识
一、（2024·高一课时练习）单词拼写
1 Ah Q is a c________________ in Lu Xun’s wrks, the True Stry f Ah Q.
2 _______________ (一代) gap may result frm differences in thught and cnsciusness.
3 I used t live in the suburban city(郊区) but c______________ I live in dwntwn Shenzhen.
4 D_______________ the heavy rain, they arrived there n time.
5 Suddenly I saw a tall figure _______________ (靠近) tward the pliceman.
6 A lecture with the ______________ (主题) f saving fd was held in ur schl last week.
7 Our schl sprts meet takes place next Wednesday. Which e______________ are yu in?
8 Dn’t eat thse mushrms; they may _______________ (含有) a deadly pisn.
9 Wmen in develping cuntries ________________ (一般) have their first child when they are very yung.
10 Phelps is an American a_______________ t win 23 gld medals in the Olympics.
【答案】
1 character 2 Generatin 3 currently 4 Despite 5 appraching 6 theme
7 event 8 curtain 9 typically(generally) 10 athlete
二、（2024·高一课时练习）单句语法填空
1.________ (bvius), the nice girl was taken in by what the yung man said.
2. When I entered the rm, I fund him _______ ( seat) in an armchair, deep in thught.
3. The nly apprach t ________( slve) the prblem is t imprve the quality f ur prducts.
4. Whenever yu feel angry, taking a deep breath can help yu calm ______quickly.
5.Yu" need t knw r cnsider it at least twice befre yu jump in with bth _______ ( ft).
6. With nly 100 metres t g, Tm is _______ the lead s he is very likely t win the game.
7. I am beginning t feel embarrassed by my cmplete _______( ignre) f wrld histry.
8. My mther is busy _______ her wrk s I'm afraid she has n time t g shpping with me.
9. His parents were prud ________ him fr his winning the first prize in the cmpetitin last week.
10. Daisy desn't have a talent fr music, but she decides t make up _______ it with her hard wrk.
【答案】
1.Obviusly 2.seated 3.sving 4.dwn 5.feet 6.in 7.ignrance 8. with 9.f 10.fr
三、（2024·高一课时练习）完成句子
1. Hw I wish if ____________ by yur side !
我多么希望自己能够在你身边！
2. ________________ made the teacher very angry.
他再次迟到使老师很生。
3. We have every reasn t ______________ ur mtherland.
我们有理由为自己的祖国感到骄傲和自豪。
4. Hurry up! Here ___________________.
快点!公交车来了。
5.____________________________,I can't g ut with yu.
有这么多衣服要洗，我不能和你出去了。
【答案】
1.I were 2.His being late again 3.be prud f 4.cmes the bus 5.With s many clthes t wash
知识应用
（2024届江苏省南通市高三下学期高考适应性考试）阅读理解
Psychlgists have lng been in disagreement as t whether cmpetitin is a learned r a genetic cmpnent f human behavir. Whatever it is, yu cannt but recgnize the effect cmpetitin has n academics and many ther areas f cntemprary life.
Psychlgically speaking, cmpetitin has been seen as an unavidable cnsequence f human drives. Accrding t Sigmund Freud, humans are brn screaming fr attentin and full f rganic drives fr fulfillment in varius areas. Initially, we cmpete fr the attentin f ur parents.
Current wrk in anthrplgy (人类学) has suggested, hwever, that this view f the rle f cmpetitin in human behavir may be a fallacy. Thmas Hbbes, ne f the great philsphers f the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered fr his characterizatin f the “natural wrld”, that is, the wrld befre the intrductin f the will f humanity, as being unpleasant and shrt. This pinin is still widely held, reinfrced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential wrk, The Origin f Species, which established the dctrine (学说) f natural selectin. Darwin’s thery has even been summarized as “survival f the fittest”-a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting cmpetitin’s rle in success. As it has ften been pinted ut, hwever, there is nthing in the cncept f natural selectin that suggests that cmpetitin is the mst successful strategy fr “survival f the fittest”. Darwin said in The Origin f Species that the struggles he was describing shuld be viewed as metaphrs and culdn’t be separated frm dependence and cperatin.
Many studies have been cnducted t test the imprtance placed n cmpetitin rather than ther values, such as cperatin, and generally cnclude that Americans uniquely praise cmpetitin as natural, unavidable, and desirable. In 1937, the wrld-renwned anthrplgist Margaret Mead published Cperatin and Cmpetitin amng Primitive Peples, based n her studies f several scieties that did nt prize cmpetitin, and, in fact, seemed at times t place a negative value n it. One such sciety was the Zuni Indians f Arizna, and they, Mead fund, valued cperatin far mre than cmpetitin. After studying dzens f such cultures, Mead’s final cnclusin was that cmpetitiveness is a culturally created aspect f human behavir, and that its ppularity in a particular sciety is relative t hw that sciety values it.
1．What des the authr think is cmmnly seen in many areas f cntemprary life?
A．The rigin f human drives.
B．The influence f cmpetitin.
C．The reasns fr human behaviur.
D．The disagreement n cmpetitin.
2．What des the underlined wrds “a fallacy” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．A false idea.
B．A hard nut.
C．A lsing battle.
D．A mixed blessing.
3．What can we learn frm Darwin’s wrds in The Origin f Species?
A．All species depend n thers fr survival.
B．The strngest species prves t be the fittest.
C．Struggles fr survival include supprt f each ther.
D．Cmpetitin is lked n as the best survival strategy.
4．What cnclusin did Margaret Mead reach?
A．It is characteristic f humans t be cmpetitive.
B．Americans are uniquely ppsed t cperatin.
C．Cmpetitin is relatively mre ppular in Western scieties.
D．Peple’s attitude twards cmpetitin is actually culture-bund.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了竞争在人类行为中的根源，指出心理学界对竞争天性与后天性的争议。通过引用不同学者观点，如弗洛伊德、霍布斯、达尔文及人类学家米德的研究，说明竞争并非人类行为不可避免的结果，而是文化塑造的产物，其重要性视具体社会价值观而定。
1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Psychlgists have lng been in disagreement as t whether cmpetitin is a learned r a genetic cmpnent f human behavir. Whatever it is, yu cannt but recgnize the effect cmpetitin has n academics and many ther areas f cntemprary life. (长期以来，心理学家一直对竞争是人类行为的后天因素还是遗传因素持不同意见。不管是什么，你不得不承认竞争对学术和当代生活的许多其他领域的影响。)”可知，作者认为当代生活许多领域中普遍存在的是人类动力的起源，即竞争。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Thmas Hbbes, ne f the great philsphers f the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered fr his characterizatin f the “natural wrld”, that is, the wrld befre the intrductin f the will f humanity, as being unpleasant and shrt. This pinin is still widely held, reinfrced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential wrk, The Origin f Species, which established the dctrine (学说) f natural selectin. Darwin’s thery has even been summarized as “survival f the fittest”-a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting cmpetitin’s rle in success. As it has ften been pinted ut, hwever, there is nthing in the cncept f natural selectin that suggests that cmpetitin is the mst successful strategy fr “survival f the fittest”. Darwin said in The Origin f Species that the struggles he was describing shuld be viewed as metaphrs and culdn’t be separated frm dependence and cperatin. (然而，人类学目前的研究表明，这种关于竞争在人类行为中的作用的观点可能是a fallacy。托马斯·霍布斯，十七世纪最伟大的哲学家之一，也许最令人难忘的是他对“自然世界”的描述，即人类意志引入之前的世界，是不愉快和短暂的。这一观点至今仍被广泛接受，查尔斯·达尔文极具影响力的著作《物种起源》强化了这一观点，该书创立了自然选择学说。达尔文的理论甚至被概括为“适者生存”——达尔文本人从未使用过这个词——进一步强调了竞争在成功中的作用。然而，正如人们经常指出的那样，在自然选择的概念中，没有任何东西表明竞争是“适者生存”的最成功策略。达尔文在《物种起源》中说，他所描述的斗争应该被看作是隐喻，不能与依赖和合作分开。)”可知，文章引用了托马斯·霍布斯和查尔斯·达尔文的理论，指出人们普遍持有的关于“自然世界”和“适者生存”的观念可能存在问题，人类学家的研究暗示了之前对于竞争在人类行为中角色的观点可能是错误的。a fallacy的含义为“一种谬论，一个错误的想法”。A. A false idea一个错误的想法；B. A hard nut一个棘手的问题；C. A lsing battle一场失败的战斗；D. A mixed blessing喜忧参半。故选A。
3．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Darwin said in The Origin f Species that the struggles he was describing shuld be viewed as metaphrs and culdn’t be separated frm dependence and cperatin. (达尔文在《物种起源》中说，他所描述的斗争应该被看作是隐喻，不能与依赖和合作分开。)”可知，这表明生存斗争中包含了相互支持的成分。故选C。
4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“After studying dzens f such cultures, Mead’s final cnclusin was that cmpetitiveness is a culturally created aspect f human behavir, and that its ppularity in a particular sciety is relative t hw that sciety values it. (在研究了数十种这样的文化之后，米德的最终结论是，竞争力是人类行为的文化创造方面，它在特定社会中的受欢迎程度与该社会对其的评价有关。)”可知，人们对待竞争的态度实际上与文化有关。故选D。
五、（2024届湖南省邵阳市高三第三次联考）完形填空
On a sunny afternn, Anthny Perry stepped ff the train at Chicag’s 69th Street statin. The 20-year-ld, wh wrked nights in a grcery stre, was n his way t see his 1 .
On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man 2 the edge and nt the electrified train tracks! As Perry and ther 3 passengers watched, he shk uncntrllably as the 4 mved thrugh his bdy.
“Help him!” smene cried. “Please, smene!”
Perry culdn’t just stand there and 5 . He sat at the edge f the platfrm and eased himself dwn. 6 all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped twards the victim, using a high-knee technique frm his high schl ftball days.
Perry sn 7 dwn and grasped the victim’s wrist. 8 , he felt a pwerful electric shck sht thrugh his bdy. Perry jumped back. He reached dwn a secnd time, and was shcked again. But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and frearm, and managed t mve the guy’s bdy away frm the 9 .
“Give him chest cmpressins!” yelled an ld lady n the platfrm.
Perry was n expert, but fr a few mments he wrked n the man’s heart until the victim regained 10 . Then, first-aiders arrived. Perry let the prfessinals 11 . Heart still racing frm the electric shcks, he 12 back up nt the platfrm, grabbed his 13 and cntinued n t his grandfather’s.
The evening news reprted the incident, 14 an unnamed her with saving the victim’s life. T many, Perry’s 15 deeds demnstrated the pwer f chsing cmpassin ver persnal safety.
1．A．managerB．clientC．grandfatherD．aunt
2．A．fell verB．fell inC．fell dwnD．fell behind
3．A．delightedB．excitedC．depressedD．hrrified
4．A．currentB．xygenC．waveD．bld
5．A．imagineB．watchC．shutD．recrd
6．A．HpingB．AssumingC．CmplainingD．Recalling
7．A．climbedB．grabbedC．reachedD．stretched
8．A．InstantlyB．SlightlyC．NrmallyD．Surprisingly
9．A．trainB．crwdsC．platfrmD．rails
10．A．strengthB．balanceC．cnsciusnessD．cntrl
11．A．lk aheadB．take verC．get arundD．keep away
12．A．climbedB．jumpedC．wundD．walked
13．A．clthesB．thingsC．pssessinsD．bks
14．A．prvidingB．engagingC．assistingD．crediting
15．A．generusB．gratefulC．curageusD．faithful
【答案】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anthny Perry在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20岁的佩里在一家杂货店上夜班，当时佩里正准备去看他的祖父。A. manager经理；B. client客户；C. grandfather祖父；D. aunt姑妈，伯母。根据后文“Heart still racing frm the electric shcks, he climbed back up nt the platfrm, grabbed his things and cntinued n t his grandfather’s.(电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父的房间走去)”可知，佩里正准备去看他的祖父。故选C。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了：一个人从站台边缘掉到电气化的铁轨上！A. fell ver倒下（指因失去平衡或突然倒下）；B. fell in服从，听从；C. fell dwn摔倒；D. fell behind落后。根据下文“nt the electrified train tracks”可知，一个人从站台边缘掉到电气化的铁轨上。fall ver强调的是“向前摔倒、跌倒”。fall dwn强调的是“滑倒、倒下”，后接宾语时应加上介词frm。故选A项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当佩里和其他惊恐的乘客看到时，电流流过他的身体，他无法控制地颤抖着。A. delighted高兴的；B. excited兴奋的； C. depressed抑郁的；D. hrrified惊恐的。根据上文“a man ____2____ the edge and nt the electrified train tracks!”可知，乘客是惊恐的。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当佩里和其他惊恐的乘客看到时，电流流过他的身体，他无法控制地颤抖着。A. current电流；B. xygen氧气；C. wave海浪；D. bld血。根据上句“On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man fell ver the edge and nt the electrified train tracks! (在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了:一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了！)”可知，掉到电轨上，电流会流过他的身体。故选A。
5．查动词词义辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看着。A. imagine想象；B. watch看；C. shut呼喊；D. recrd记录。根据后句“He sat at the edge f the platfrm and eased himself dwn.(他坐在月台边上，慢慢地坐下来)”可知，他准备营救这个人，并不是站在那里看着。故选B。
6．考动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去。A. Hping希望；B. Assuming认为；C. Cmplaining抱怨；D. Recalling回忆。根据本句“he quickly leaped twards the victim(他迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他认为自己和受害者之间的铁轨都通电了，所以他迅速向受害者扑去。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意；佩里很快伸手抓住了受害者的手腕。A. climbed爬；B. grabbed抓住；C. reached伸手够；D. stretched拉长。根据下文“grasped the victim’s wrist.”可知，伸手抓住了受害者的手腕。故选C项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他立刻感到一阵强烈的电击穿过他的身体。A. Instantly立刻地；B. Slightly轻微地；C. Nrmally通常；D. Surprisingly惊人地，出乎意料地。根据上句“____4____ all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped twards the victim(他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他立刻感到一阵强烈的电流穿过他的身体。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开。A. train火车；B. crwds人群；C. platfrm平台；D. rails铁轨。根据上文“On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man fell ver the edge and nt the electrified train tracks!( 在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了：一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了铁轨上，他将受害者的身体从铁轨上移开。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他在那个人的心脏上按压了一会儿，直到受害者恢复了意识。A. strength体力；B. balance平衡；C. cnsciusness意识；D. cntrl控制。根据本句“he wrked n the man’s heart (他对受害者进行胸部按压)”可知，受害者失去了意识，所以进行胸部按压。故选C。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：佩里让专业人士接手。A. lk ahead向前看；B. take ver接管；C. get arund规避；D. keep away远离。根据上句“Then, first-aiders arrived(随后，急救人员赶到了)”可知，急救人员赶到后，佩里让他们接手。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父家走去。A. climbed爬；B. jumped跳；C. wund受伤；D. walked走路。根据下文“grabbed his ____13____ and cntinued n t his grandfather’s.”可知，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父的房间走去。故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意；电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父家走去。A. clthes衣服；B. things东西；C. pssessins所有物；D. bks书籍。根据语境及常识可知，事情结束后，他抓起自己的东西，离开了。故选B项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：晚间新闻报道了这一事件，并称赞一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A. prviding提供；B. engaging参加；C. assisting帮助；D. crediting赞扬。根据本句“an unnamed her with saving the victim’s life(一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事迹是值得赞扬的。故选D。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，佩里的勇敢事迹表明了选择同情而非个人安全的力量。A. generus慷慨的；B. grateful感谢的；C. curageus勇敢的；D. faithful忠实的。根据上文“But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and frearm, and managed t mve the guy’s bdy away frm the 6 .(但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开)”可知，佩里在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者。故选C。
六、（2024届贵州省部分学校高三5月联考）应用文写作
假定你是李华，外教Annie想了解学生在英语学习中遇到的问题，你就此做了调查。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.调查结果；
2.希望得到帮助。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Annie,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs, sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Annie,
I’ve cnducted a survey amng my classmates t gather insights n the challenges that we face in English learning. The results indicate that the mst cmmn difficulties are related t vcabulary retentin and cmprehensin f native English speakers’ accents. Additinally, sme students struggle with grammar rules and the applicatin f them in real-wrld cnversatins.
Given ur cllective interest in imprving these areas, I wuld greatly appreciate yur guidance and assistance. Yur expertise in English teaching wuld be invaluable in helping us vercme these bstacles. Thank yu fr cnsidering ur needs.
Yurs, sincerely
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外教Annie想了解学生在英语学习中遇到的问题，考生就此做了调查，要求考生按照要求给外教写一封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
实施，做：cnduct→ d
收集：gather→ cllect
表明：indicate→ suggest
困难：difficulty→ truble
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Yur expertise in English teaching wuld be invaluable in helping us vercme these bstacles.
拓展句：It is yur expertise in English teaching that wuld be invaluable in helping us vercme these bstacles.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】I’ve cnducted a survey amng my classmates t gather insights n the challenges that we face in English learning.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】The results indicate that the mst cmmn difficulties are related t vcabulary retentin and cmprehensin f native English speakers’ accents.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
分层练习
语言知识
一、（2024·高一课时练习）单词拼写
1 Ah Q is a c________________ in Lu Xun’s wrks, the True Stry f Ah Q.
2 _______________ (一代) gap may result frm differences in thught and cnsciusness.
3 I used t live in the suburban city(郊区) but c______________ I live in dwntwn Shenzhen.
4 D_______________ the heavy rain, they arrived there n time.
5 Suddenly I saw a tall figure _______________ (靠近) tward the pliceman.
6 A lecture with the ______________ (主题) f saving fd was held in ur schl last week.
7 Our schl sprts meet takes place next Wednesday. Which e______________ are yu in?
8 Dn’t eat thse mushrms; they may _______________ (含有) a deadly pisn.
9 Wmen in develping cuntries ________________ (一般) have their first child when they are very yung.
10 Phelps is an American a_______________ t win 23 gld medals in the Olympics.
【答案】
1 character 2 Generatin 3 currently 4 Despite 5 appraching 6 theme
7 event 8 curtain 9 typically(generally) 10 athlete
二、（2024·高一课时练习）单句语法填空
1.________ (bvius), the nice girl was taken in by what the yung man said.
2. When I entered the rm, I fund him _______ ( seat) in an armchair, deep in thught.
3. The nly apprach t ________( slve) the prblem is t imprve the quality f ur prducts.
4. Whenever yu feel angry, taking a deep breath can help yu calm ______quickly.
5.Yu" need t knw r cnsider it at least twice befre yu jump in with bth _______ ( ft).
6. With nly 100 metres t g, Tm is _______ the lead s he is very likely t win the game.
7. I am beginning t feel embarrassed by my cmplete _______( ignre) f wrld histry.
8. My mther is busy _______ her wrk s I'm afraid she has n time t g shpping with me.
9. His parents were prud ________ him fr his winning the first prize in the cmpetitin last week.
10. Daisy desn't have a talent fr music, but she decides t make up _______ it with her hard wrk.
【答案】
1.Obviusly 2.seated 3.sving 4.dwn 5.feet 6.in 7.ignrance 8. with 9.f 10.fr
三、（2024·高一课时练习）完成句子
1. Hw I wish if ____________ by yur side !
我多么希望自己能够在你身边！
2. ________________ made the teacher very angry.
他再次迟到使老师很生。
3. We have every reasn t ______________ ur mtherland.
我们有理由为自己的祖国感到骄傲和自豪。
4. Hurry up! Here ___________________.
快点!公交车来了。
5.____________________________,I can't g ut with yu.
有这么多衣服要洗，我不能和你出去了。
【答案】
1.I were 2.His being late again 3.be prud f 4.cmes the bus 5.With s many clthes t wash
知识应用
（2024届江苏省南通市高三下学期高考适应性考试）阅读理解
Psychlgists have lng been in disagreement as t whether cmpetitin is a learned r a genetic cmpnent f human behavir. Whatever it is, yu cannt but recgnize the effect cmpetitin has n academics and many ther areas f cntemprary life.
Psychlgically speaking, cmpetitin has been seen as an unavidable cnsequence f human drives. Accrding t Sigmund Freud, humans are brn screaming fr attentin and full f rganic drives fr fulfillment in varius areas. Initially, we cmpete fr the attentin f ur parents.
Current wrk in anthrplgy (人类学) has suggested, hwever, that this view f the rle f cmpetitin in human behavir may be a fallacy. Thmas Hbbes, ne f the great philsphers f the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered fr his characterizatin f the “natural wrld”, that is, the wrld befre the intrductin f the will f humanity, as being unpleasant and shrt. This pinin is still widely held, reinfrced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential wrk, The Origin f Species, which established the dctrine (学说) f natural selectin. Darwin’s thery has even been summarized as “survival f the fittest”-a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting cmpetitin’s rle in success. As it has ften been pinted ut, hwever, there is nthing in the cncept f natural selectin that suggests that cmpetitin is the mst successful strategy fr “survival f the fittest”. Darwin said in The Origin f Species that the struggles he was describing shuld be viewed as metaphrs and culdn’t be separated frm dependence and cperatin.
Many studies have been cnducted t test the imprtance placed n cmpetitin rather than ther values, such as cperatin, and generally cnclude that Americans uniquely praise cmpetitin as natural, unavidable, and desirable. In 1937, the wrld-renwned anthrplgist Margaret Mead published Cperatin and Cmpetitin amng Primitive Peples, based n her studies f several scieties that did nt prize cmpetitin, and, in fact, seemed at times t place a negative value n it. One such sciety was the Zuni Indians f Arizna, and they, Mead fund, valued cperatin far mre than cmpetitin. After studying dzens f such cultures, Mead’s final cnclusin was that cmpetitiveness is a culturally created aspect f human behavir, and that its ppularity in a particular sciety is relative t hw that sciety values it.
1．What des the authr think is cmmnly seen in many areas f cntemprary life?
A．The rigin f human drives.
B．The influence f cmpetitin.
C．The reasns fr human behaviur.
D．The disagreement n cmpetitin.
2．What des the underlined wrds “a fallacy” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．A false idea.
B．A hard nut.
C．A lsing battle.
D．A mixed blessing.
3．What can we learn frm Darwin’s wrds in The Origin f Species?
A．All species depend n thers fr survival.
B．The strngest species prves t be the fittest.
C．Struggles fr survival include supprt f each ther.
D．Cmpetitin is lked n as the best survival strategy.
4．What cnclusin did Margaret Mead reach?
A．It is characteristic f humans t be cmpetitive.
B．Americans are uniquely ppsed t cperatin.
C．Cmpetitin is relatively mre ppular in Western scieties.
D．Peple’s attitude twards cmpetitin is actually culture-bund.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了竞争在人类行为中的根源，指出心理学界对竞争天性与后天性的争议。通过引用不同学者观点，如弗洛伊德、霍布斯、达尔文及人类学家米德的研究，说明竞争并非人类行为不可避免的结果，而是文化塑造的产物，其重要性视具体社会价值观而定。
1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Psychlgists have lng been in disagreement as t whether cmpetitin is a learned r a genetic cmpnent f human behavir. Whatever it is, yu cannt but recgnize the effect cmpetitin has n academics and many ther areas f cntemprary life. (长期以来，心理学家一直对竞争是人类行为的后天因素还是遗传因素持不同意见。不管是什么，你不得不承认竞争对学术和当代生活的许多其他领域的影响。)”可知，作者认为当代生活许多领域中普遍存在的是人类动力的起源，即竞争。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Thmas Hbbes, ne f the great philsphers f the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered fr his characterizatin f the “natural wrld”, that is, the wrld befre the intrductin f the will f humanity, as being unpleasant and shrt. This pinin is still widely held, reinfrced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential wrk, The Origin f Species, which established the dctrine (学说) f natural selectin. Darwin’s thery has even been summarized as “survival f the fittest”-a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting cmpetitin’s rle in success. As it has ften been pinted ut, hwever, there is nthing in the cncept f natural selectin that suggests that cmpetitin is the mst successful strategy fr “survival f the fittest”. Darwin said in The Origin f Species that the struggles he was describing shuld be viewed as metaphrs and culdn’t be separated frm dependence and cperatin. (然而，人类学目前的研究表明，这种关于竞争在人类行为中的作用的观点可能是a fallacy。托马斯·霍布斯，十七世纪最伟大的哲学家之一，也许最令人难忘的是他对“自然世界”的描述，即人类意志引入之前的世界，是不愉快和短暂的。这一观点至今仍被广泛接受，查尔斯·达尔文极具影响力的著作《物种起源》强化了这一观点，该书创立了自然选择学说。达尔文的理论甚至被概括为“适者生存”——达尔文本人从未使用过这个词——进一步强调了竞争在成功中的作用。然而，正如人们经常指出的那样，在自然选择的概念中，没有任何东西表明竞争是“适者生存”的最成功策略。达尔文在《物种起源》中说，他所描述的斗争应该被看作是隐喻，不能与依赖和合作分开。)”可知，文章引用了托马斯·霍布斯和查尔斯·达尔文的理论，指出人们普遍持有的关于“自然世界”和“适者生存”的观念可能存在问题，人类学家的研究暗示了之前对于竞争在人类行为中角色的观点可能是错误的。a fallacy的含义为“一种谬论，一个错误的想法”。A. A false idea一个错误的想法；B. A hard nut一个棘手的问题；C. A lsing battle一场失败的战斗；D. A mixed blessing喜忧参半。故选A。
3．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Darwin said in The Origin f Species that the struggles he was describing shuld be viewed as metaphrs and culdn’t be separated frm dependence and cperatin. (达尔文在《物种起源》中说，他所描述的斗争应该被看作是隐喻，不能与依赖和合作分开。)”可知，这表明生存斗争中包含了相互支持的成分。故选C。
4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“After studying dzens f such cultures, Mead’s final cnclusin was that cmpetitiveness is a culturally created aspect f human behavir, and that its ppularity in a particular sciety is relative t hw that sciety values it. (在研究了数十种这样的文化之后，米德的最终结论是，竞争力是人类行为的文化创造方面，它在特定社会中的受欢迎程度与该社会对其的评价有关。)”可知，人们对待竞争的态度实际上与文化有关。故选D。
五、（2024届湖南省邵阳市高三第三次联考）完形填空
On a sunny afternn, Anthny Perry stepped ff the train at Chicag’s 69th Street statin. The 20-year-ld, wh wrked nights in a grcery stre, was n his way t see his 1 .
On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man 2 the edge and nt the electrified train tracks! As Perry and ther 3 passengers watched, he shk uncntrllably as the 4 mved thrugh his bdy.
“Help him!” smene cried. “Please, smene!”
Perry culdn’t just stand there and 5 . He sat at the edge f the platfrm and eased himself dwn. 6 all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped twards the victim, using a high-knee technique frm his high schl ftball days.
Perry sn 7 dwn and grasped the victim’s wrist. 8 , he felt a pwerful electric shck sht thrugh his bdy. Perry jumped back. He reached dwn a secnd time, and was shcked again. But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and frearm, and managed t mve the guy’s bdy away frm the 9 .
“Give him chest cmpressins!” yelled an ld lady n the platfrm.
Perry was n expert, but fr a few mments he wrked n the man’s heart until the victim regained 10 . Then, first-aiders arrived. Perry let the prfessinals 11 . Heart still racing frm the electric shcks, he 12 back up nt the platfrm, grabbed his 13 and cntinued n t his grandfather’s.
The evening news reprted the incident, 14 an unnamed her with saving the victim’s life. T many, Perry’s 15 deeds demnstrated the pwer f chsing cmpassin ver persnal safety.
1．A．managerB．clientC．grandfatherD．aunt
2．A．fell verB．fell inC．fell dwnD．fell behind
3．A．delightedB．excitedC．depressedD．hrrified
4．A．currentB．xygenC．waveD．bld
5．A．imagineB．watchC．shutD．recrd
6．A．HpingB．AssumingC．CmplainingD．Recalling
7．A．climbedB．grabbedC．reachedD．stretched
8．A．InstantlyB．SlightlyC．NrmallyD．Surprisingly
9．A．trainB．crwdsC．platfrmD．rails
10．A．strengthB．balanceC．cnsciusnessD．cntrl
11．A．lk aheadB．take verC．get arundD．keep away
12．A．climbedB．jumpedC．wundD．walked
13．A．clthesB．thingsC．pssessinsD．bks
14．A．prvidingB．engagingC．assistingD．crediting
15．A．generusB．gratefulC．curageusD．faithful
【答案】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anthny Perry在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20岁的佩里在一家杂货店上夜班，当时佩里正准备去看他的祖父。A. manager经理；B. client客户；C. grandfather祖父；D. aunt姑妈，伯母。根据后文“Heart still racing frm the electric shcks, he climbed back up nt the platfrm, grabbed his things and cntinued n t his grandfather’s.(电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父的房间走去)”可知，佩里正准备去看他的祖父。故选C。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了：一个人从站台边缘掉到电气化的铁轨上！A. fell ver倒下（指因失去平衡或突然倒下）；B. fell in服从，听从；C. fell dwn摔倒；D. fell behind落后。根据下文“nt the electrified train tracks”可知，一个人从站台边缘掉到电气化的铁轨上。fall ver强调的是“向前摔倒、跌倒”。fall dwn强调的是“滑倒、倒下”，后接宾语时应加上介词frm。故选A项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当佩里和其他惊恐的乘客看到时，电流流过他的身体，他无法控制地颤抖着。A. delighted高兴的；B. excited兴奋的； C. depressed抑郁的；D. hrrified惊恐的。根据上文“a man ____2____ the edge and nt the electrified train tracks!”可知，乘客是惊恐的。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当佩里和其他惊恐的乘客看到时，电流流过他的身体，他无法控制地颤抖着。A. current电流；B. xygen氧气；C. wave海浪；D. bld血。根据上句“On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man fell ver the edge and nt the electrified train tracks! (在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了:一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了！)”可知，掉到电轨上，电流会流过他的身体。故选A。
5．查动词词义辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看着。A. imagine想象；B. watch看；C. shut呼喊；D. recrd记录。根据后句“He sat at the edge f the platfrm and eased himself dwn.(他坐在月台边上，慢慢地坐下来)”可知，他准备营救这个人，并不是站在那里看着。故选B。
6．考动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去。A. Hping希望；B. Assuming认为；C. Cmplaining抱怨；D. Recalling回忆。根据本句“he quickly leaped twards the victim(他迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他认为自己和受害者之间的铁轨都通电了，所以他迅速向受害者扑去。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意；佩里很快伸手抓住了受害者的手腕。A. climbed爬；B. grabbed抓住；C. reached伸手够；D. stretched拉长。根据下文“grasped the victim’s wrist.”可知，伸手抓住了受害者的手腕。故选C项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他立刻感到一阵强烈的电击穿过他的身体。A. Instantly立刻地；B. Slightly轻微地；C. Nrmally通常；D. Surprisingly惊人地，出乎意料地。根据上句“____4____ all rails between the man and him were electrified, he quickly leaped twards the victim(他以为他和那人之间的铁轨都通电了，于是迅速向受害者扑去)”可知，他立刻感到一阵强烈的电流穿过他的身体。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开。A. train火车；B. crwds人群；C. platfrm平台；D. rails铁轨。根据上文“On the platfrm, smething unthinkable happened: a man fell ver the edge and nt the electrified train tracks!( 在站台上，不可思议的事情发生了：一个人从站台边缘掉到电轨上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了铁轨上，他将受害者的身体从铁轨上移开。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他在那个人的心脏上按压了一会儿，直到受害者恢复了意识。A. strength体力；B. balance平衡；C. cnsciusness意识；D. cntrl控制。根据本句“he wrked n the man’s heart (他对受害者进行胸部按压)”可知，受害者失去了意识，所以进行胸部按压。故选C。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：佩里让专业人士接手。A. lk ahead向前看；B. take ver接管；C. get arund规避；D. keep away远离。根据上句“Then, first-aiders arrived(随后，急救人员赶到了)”可知，急救人员赶到后，佩里让他们接手。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父家走去。A. climbed爬；B. jumped跳；C. wund受伤；D. walked走路。根据下文“grabbed his ____13____ and cntinued n t his grandfather’s.”可知，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父的房间走去。故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意；电击后心脏还在加速跳动，他爬上平台，抓起东西，继续向祖父家走去。A. clthes衣服；B. things东西；C. pssessins所有物；D. bks书籍。根据语境及常识可知，事情结束后，他抓起自己的东西，离开了。故选B项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：晚间新闻报道了这一事件，并称赞一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A. prviding提供；B. engaging参加；C. assisting帮助；D. crediting赞扬。根据本句“an unnamed her with saving the victim’s life(一位无名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事迹是值得赞扬的。故选D。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，佩里的勇敢事迹表明了选择同情而非个人安全的力量。A. generus慷慨的；B. grateful感谢的；C. curageus勇敢的；D. faithful忠实的。根据上文“But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and frearm, and managed t mve the guy’s bdy away frm the 6 .(但第三次，他抓住了那个人的手腕和前臂，并设法将他的身体从铁轨上移开)”可知，佩里在火车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者。故选C。
六、（2024届贵州省部分学校高三5月联考）应用文写作
假定你是李华，外教Annie想了解学生在英语学习中遇到的问题，你就此做了调查。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.调查结果；
2.希望得到帮助。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Annie,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs, sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Annie,
I’ve cnducted a survey amng my classmates t gather insights n the challenges that we face in English learning. The results indicate that the mst cmmn difficulties are related t vcabulary retentin and cmprehensin f native English speakers’ accents. Additinally, sme students struggle with grammar rules and the applicatin f them in real-wrld cnversatins.
Given ur cllective interest in imprving these areas, I wuld greatly appreciate yur guidance and assistance. Yur expertise in English teaching wuld be invaluable in helping us vercme these bstacles. Thank yu fr cnsidering ur needs.
Yurs, sincerely
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外教Annie想了解学生在英语学习中遇到的问题，考生就此做了调查，要求考生按照要求给外教写一封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
实施，做：cnduct→ d
收集：gather→ cllect
表明：indicate→ suggest
困难：difficulty→ truble
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Yur expertise in English teaching wuld be invaluable in helping us vercme these bstacles.
拓展句：It is yur expertise in English teaching that wuld be invaluable in helping us vercme these bstacles.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】I’ve cnducted a survey amng my classmates t gather insights n the challenges that we face in English learning.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】The results indicate that the mst cmmn difficulties are related t vcabulary retentin and cmprehensin f native English speakers’ accents.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
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