练习 专辑10 阅读理解推理判断之作者的目的和意图 （教师版+学生版）

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1. 三年真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中写作目的和意图题考查了12次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断写作目的和意图。写作目的和意图的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文章中作者写某些事实或例子的目的是什么；2.因为要判断作者的写作目的和意图，所以我们一定要站在作者的角度看问题，把自己当成作者，你这样写是为了什么。
【备考策略】系统归类写作目的和意图的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中，推断写作目的和意图考查考生的基本的写作思路，在新高考命题中仍然是考查重点。因此，推断写作目的和意图的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。
【2024年高考命题预测】
推理判断之目的和意图考点是高考中的必考点。一篇发表的文章总有其作者的写作目的和用意，他一定是为了说明和阐述一个观点或说服读者同意某个立场或观点。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题，把自己当成作者。预测在2024高考中，目的和意图会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之目的和意图考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?
The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.
The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.
The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.
The authr writers the last paragraph in rder t ________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B．T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C．T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D．T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
【答案】28．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Prject Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Na Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Na Ovadia的目的是展示Prject Debater的聪明。故选B。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
34．What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T cnserve pllinatrs.B．T restrict slar develpment.
C．T diversify the ecnmy.D．T ensure the supply f energy.
【答案】 34．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example,ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fibreglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des.“Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says.“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what?s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
( )26.What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A.T review Jhn’s research plans.
B.T shw an applicatin f Jhn?s idea.
C.T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.
D.T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
26.B 推理判断题。根据第五段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude(独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the bk aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Slving philsphical prblems.
D.Prmting the use f a digital device.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
28.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.”可知,这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然后如果你认为它适合你,教你如何采用这种哲学,即这本书旨在倡导一种数字极简生活方式。
5.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
C
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks”, artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
( )31.What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A.The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B.Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D.Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一本关于书本的书,该书通过来自世界各地博物馆的艺术作品展现了读书场景在历史中的呈现和超越文化和时间的人性共同点。
31.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader.”(过去曾经认为持续发展的通讯技术将使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看,印刷书籍确实是古老的,但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。)可推知,作者提到电子阅读器是为了说明印刷的书并没有完全过时。故选A项。
6.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder?s Sphie?s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu—and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner?s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher?s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy,is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humur. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding(解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It?s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn?t have a lt f.
( )29.Why des the authr list great philsphers in Paragraph 4?
A.T cmpare Weiner with them.
B.T give examples f great wrks.
C.T praise their writing skills.
D.T help readers understand Weiner?s bk.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了Eric Weiner的哲学书The Scrates Express。
29.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher?s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.”可知,韦纳书中的每一章都以城市之间的火车旅行场景开始,然后他介绍每个哲学家的作品和一件他们可以帮助我们做得更好的事情。最终的结果是,我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样看待事情,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样没有遗憾。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习使用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列出伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
7.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity?s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can?t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck?s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain?s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made:a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts,but the bjects.
( )33.What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in Paragraph 2?
A.His reprt was scientific.
B.He represented the lcal peple.
C.He ruled ver Btany Bay.
D.His recrd was ne-sided.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记录历史,文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain?s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾)drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht.”可知,从英国方面,我们有科学报告和船长对那个可怕的日子的记录。从澳洲方面,我们只有一个被一个人在初次经历了枪击后逃跑时扔下的木盾。由此可推知,作者在第二段提及库克船长是为了说明他的记录只是单方面的。故选D项。
8.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
【答案】4. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
9. C【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
11．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce a bk.B．T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C．T remember a writer.D．T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【答案】11．A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
1.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
During the summer f 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. It was the sight f her sn, Justin, dragging a 36-kilgram prtable air cnditiner upstairs. Beverly’s central air cnditining had stpped wrking in the middle f a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentined t her sn and he’d shwn up as a surprise. As she watched him sweat and struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave f gratitude and appreciatin.
Awe is that feeling we get when smething is s vast that it stps us in ur tracks. Often, it challenges r expands ur thinking. Research shws that awe experiences decrease stress and increase verall satisfactin. It can als help ur relatinships, making us feel mre sympathetic and less greedy, mre supprted by and mre likely t help thers.
Mst f us assciate awe with smething rare and beautiful: nature, music r a spiritual experience. But peple can bring abut awe, and nt just public heres. Often, this interpersnal awe is a respnse t life’s big, sweeping changes. We can be awed by ur nearest and dearest — the peple sitting next t us n the sfa, r chatting n the phne. But it happens in smaller mments, t. Jhn Bargh, a psychlgist, said he was truly awestruck by his then-five-year-ld daughter. When she heard anther child crying, she grabbed her ty, walked ver t the by and handed it t him.
Unfrtunately, we can’t make smene else behave in a way that’s awesme. But we can prepare urselves t ntice it when they d — and take steps t bst the emtin’s psitive effects.
4．Why des the writer tell Beverly’s stry?
A．T shw sympathy fr her.B．T cite an example f awe.
C．T express appreciatin t her sn.D．T start a discussin abut awe.
5．What is the benefit f awe?
A．It stps ur anxiety.B．simplifies ur thinking.
C．It satisfies regular needs.D．It prmtes psitive emtins.
6．In which situatin can we feel awed between the nearest?
A．Admiring scenery in a natinal park.
B．Enjying classic music in a cncert hall.
C．Receiving a call frm a lng-lst friend.
D．Getting the signature f a famus athlete.
7．What can be implied frm the last paragraph?
A．Arise in time f truble.
B．Behave in an awesme way.
C．Sense amazement in daily life.
D．Increase chance f finding awe.
【答案】4．B 5．D 6．C 7．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明敬畏会让我们感觉得更好。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“During the summer f 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. (在2021年的夏天，贝弗利·瓦克斯经历了一次让她充满敬畏的经历)”及第一段可推断，作者讲述贝弗莉的故事是为了举一个敬畏的例子。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research shws that awe experiences decrease stress and increase verall satisfactin. It can als help ur relatinships, making us feel mre sympathetic and less greedy, mre supprted by and mre likely t help thers. (研究表明，敬畏体验可以减轻压力，提高整体满意度。它还可以帮助我们的人际关系，使我们更有同情心，不那么贪婪，更有可能得到别人的支持和帮助)”和第三段“Mst f us assciate awe with smething rare and beautiful: nature, music r a spiritual experience.( 我们大多数人都将敬畏与稀有而美丽的事物联系在一起:自然、音乐或精神体验)”可推断，敬畏的好处是可以促进积极情绪。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“We can be awed by ur nearest and dearest — the peple sitting next t us n the sfa, r chatting n the phne. (我们可以敬畏我们最亲近的人——坐在我们旁边的沙发上，或者在电话里聊天的人)”可知，接到久违朋友的电话会让我们对最亲近的人感到敬畏。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfrtunately, we can’t make smene else behave in a way that’s awesme. But we can prepare urselves t ntice it when they d — and take steps t bst the emtin’s psitive effects. (不幸的是，我们不能让别人表现得很好。但我们可以做好心理准备，在情绪出现时注意到它，并采取措施增强这种情绪的积极影响)”可推断，感受日常生活中的惊奇，可以让我们感受到敬畏。故选C。
2.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Cmputers are clsely linked t educatin tday and the Internet can ffer any help yu want. But fr nw, experts say, dn’t thrw away yur bks. Researchers in Span and Israel tk a clse lk at 54 studies cmparing dial and print reading. Their 2018 study invlved mre than 171,000 readers. “Students ften think they learn mre frm reading nline. When tested, thugh, it turns ut that they actually lea med less than when reading in print,” says the researcher.
Reading is nt natural, explains Maryanne Wlf, a neurseientist wh specializes in hw the brain reads. We learn t talk by listening t thse arund us. It’s pretty autmatic. But learning t read takes real wrk. It’s because the brain has n special netwrk f cells just fr reading. T understand text, the brain brrws netwrks that evlved (进化) t d ther things. This is similar t hw yu might adapt a tl fr sme new use. Fr example, a cat hanger is great fr putting yur clthes in the clset. But if a blueberry rlls under the refrigeratr, yu might straighten ut the cat hanger and use it t reach under the fridge and pull ut the fruit. Yu’ve taken a tl made fr ne thing and adapted it fr smething new. That’s what the brain des when yu read.
It’s great that the brain is s flexible. It’s ne reasn we can learn t d s many new things. But that can be a prblem when yu make a switch frm yur reading material t anther type f it. Namely, when we read nline, the brain creates a different set f cnnectins between cells frm the nes it uses fr reading in print. It basically adapts the same tl again fr the new task. This is like if yu tk a cat hanger and instead f straightening it ut t fetch a blueberry, yu twisted it int a hk t unclg a drain (疏通下水道). Same riginal tl, tw very different frms.
12．What can be knwn frm the 2018 study?
A．Students can learn mre frm nline materials.
B．Reading in print leads t a better understanding.
C．The Internet cunts a lt in gathering infrmatin.
D．Fewer peple prefer reading bks at present time.
13．What is the writing purpse f Paragraph 2?
A．T shw what the brain takes t read.
B．T illustrate hw the brain evlves.
C．T intrduce a cat hanger’s functins.
D．T utline the features f reading.
14．What might cause a prblem fr the brain’s flexibility?
A．Different types f texts.B．Basic frms f the tls.
C．Different frmats f texts.D．Interpersnal cnnectins.
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Always Bear Bks in Mind
B．Try t Be a Reasnable Reader
C．Hw t Enhance Yur Reading Cmprehensin?
D．Learn Better frm Reading n Screen r n Paper?
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．A 15．D
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关阅读材质的研究。研究发现读纸质的书比读网络的信息学到的东西多。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Their 2018 study invlved mre than 171,000 readers. “Students ften think they learn mre frm reading nline. When tested, thugh, it turns ut that they actually lea med less than when reading in print,” says the researcher.”（他们2018年的研究涉及超过17.1万名读者。“学生们通常认为他们从网上阅读中学到了更多。然而，经过测试，结果表明，他们实际上比阅读印刷品时学习的要少，”研究人员说。）可知，研究发现，阅读纸质书籍比阅读网络书籍所学到的东西多。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Reading is nt natural, explains Maryanne Wlf, a neurseientist wh specializes in hw the brain reads. We learn t talk by listening t thse arund us. It’s pretty autmatic. But learning t read takes real wrk. It’s because the brain has n special netwrk f cells just fr reading. ”（专门研究大脑如何阅读的神经科学家玛丽安·沃尔夫(Maryanne Wlf)解释说，阅读不是自然的。我们通过倾听周围人的声音来学习说话。这是相当自动的。但是学习阅读需要真正的努力。这是因为大脑没有专门用于阅读的细胞网络。）及“Fr example, a cat hanger is great fr putting yur clthes in the clset. But if a blueberry rlls under the refrigeratr, yu might straighten ut the cat hanger and use it t reach under the fridge and pull ut the fruit. Yu’ve taken a tl made fr ne thing and adapted it fr smething new. That’s what the brain des when yu read.”（例如，衣架很适合把你的衣服放在壁橱里。但如果蓝莓在冰箱下面滚来滚去，你可以把衣架弄直，用它抵达到冰箱下面，把蓝莓拉出来。你把一个为一件事而设计的工具改造成新的东西。当你阅读时，大脑就是这么做的。）可知，作者通过例举拿衣架到冰箱里取蓝莓的行为，给我们展示大脑阅读的能力也是类似的，即通过阅读，我们可以了解更多的东西。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s great that the brain is s flexible. It’s ne reasn we can learn t d s many new things. But that can be a prblem when yu make a switch frm yur reading material t anther type f it. Namely, when we read nline, the brain creates a different set f cnnectins between cells frm the nes it uses fr reading in print. It basically adapts the same tl again fr the new task. ”（大脑如此灵活真是太棒了。这是我们可以学会做这么多新事情的原因之一。但当你从你的阅读材料切换到另一种类型的阅读材料时，这可能是一个问题。也就是说，当我们在线阅读时，大脑在细胞之间建立了一套不同于阅读纸质书时的连接。它基本上将相同的工具再次用于新任务。）可知，当阅读的文本类型转换时（即不同的文本类型）会给大脑的灵活性带来困扰。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Their 2018 study invlved mre than 171,000 readers. “Students ften think they learn mre frm reading nline. When tested, thugh, it turns ut that they actually lea med less than when reading in print,” says the researcher.”（他们2018年的研究涉及超过17.1万名读者。“学生们通常认为他们从网上阅读中学到了更多。然而，经过测试，结果表明，他们实际上比阅读印刷品时学习的要少，”研究人员说。）可知，本文主要介绍一项研究成果。研究发现，阅读纸质书籍比阅读网络书籍所学到的东西多。故选D。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Cming f age is that time in each f ur lives when we begin t see the pssibilities. The wrld pens up in ways that matures ur visin, gives us a sense f respnsibility and gratitude. Cnnr Thmsn had just started cllege and lved being at that phase in his life where he culd eat all the pizza he wanted, yet engage in adult cnversatins with his parents abut the respnsibility t make life better fr thers. Cnnr’s ptimism was striking. There was s much he culd d, s much he culd becme. But it all ended ne night when Cnnr was distracted(分心的) while driving in a Clrad canyn.
Cnnr’s father, David, tk it particularly hard. A father sees mre than his wn traits in his sn; he sees greater pssibilities than he achieved. Taking that hpe away left David feeling aimless. But Cnnr’s ptimism was ne f thse traits passed n t him by his father. S David gt t wrk. First, he established the Hnr Cnnr Schlarship Fund t reward students wh served in the cmmunity. Next, he went t wrk creating a research-based curriculum that educates University f Clrad Bulder students and their families abut the dangers f texting and driving.
David nw wrks with lecturers at varius clleges and high schls, ensuring yung minds understand hw statically at risk they are when they text and drive. He’s becme a passinate advcate fr preparing yung peple t drive safely and nt subcnsciusly reach fr their phnes while they’re at the wheel. It includes a very simple three-part cmmitment: t nt text r use scial media while driving, speak ut if riding with a driver wh is distracted and encurage friends and family t drive phne-free.
While every cnstructive effrt reminds David f the lss he suffered, he is encuraged knwing that mre yung peple with s much t f r the wrd will be arund t d gd. “I get t be a part f what Cnnr wuld have dne,” says David.
4．Why des the authr mentin Cming f age?
A．T display Cnnr’s ptimism.B．T cnvey his regret fr Cnnr.
C．T ffer the family backgrund.D．T shw Cnnr’s academic talent.
5．Which f the fllwing can best describe David?
A．Optimistic and helpful.B．Self-centered but determined.
C．Thughtful and daring.D．Cl-minded but reasnable.
6．What des David nw fcus n?
A．Managing his wn cmpany.B．Keeping the three-part prmise.
C．Saving peple frm distracted driving.D．Keeping students fcused n schl.
7．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．Hw a death culd affect a whle family.
B．What lessn we can get frm an accident.
C．A yung man’s life claimed by careless driving.
D．One father turning his lss int helping thers.
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Cnnr在一次事故中失去了生命，但是他的父亲David化悲痛为力量，为大学设立奖学金，而且还宣传安全驾驶知识。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Cming f age is that time in each f ur lives when we begin t see the pssibilities. The wrld pens up in ways that matures ur visin, gives us a sense f respnsibility and gratitude... But it all ended ne night when Cnnr was distracted (分心的) while driving in a Clrad canyn.(成年是我们每个人开始看到可能性的时候。这个世界的开放使我们的视野更加成熟，给我们一种责任感和感恩之心……但有一天晚上，Cnnr在科罗拉多峡谷开车时分心了，一切都结束了)”可知，成年是美好的，每个人都开始看到可能性的时候，但是Cnnr却在成年的时候因为开车分心而失去了生命。由此推知，作者提到“成年”是为了表达他对Cnnr失去生命的遗憾。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But Cnnr’s ptimism was ne f thse traits passed n t him by his father.(但是Cnnr的乐观是他父亲遗传给他的特质之一)”和“S David gt t wrk. First, he established the Hnr Cnnr Schlarship Fund t reward students wh served in the cmmunity. Next, he went t wrk creating a research-based curriculum that educates University f Clrad Bulder students and their families abut the dangers f texting and driving.(所以大卫开始工作。首先，他设立了Cnnr荣誉奖学金基金，以奖励在社区服务的学生。接下来，他开始创建一个以研究为基础的课程，教育科罗拉多大学博尔德分校学生和他们的家人有关发短信和开车的危险)”可推知，David乐观且乐于助人，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“David nw wrks with lecturers at varius clleges and high schls, ensuring yung minds understand hw statically at risk they are when they text and drive. (David现在与各大学和高中的讲师合作，确保年轻人了解他们在发短信和开车时有多大的静态风险)”可知，现在David主要与各大学和高中的讲师合作，确保年轻人了解他们在发短信和开车时有多大的静态风险，即他现在主要关注于从分心驾驶中拯救人们。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“While every cnstructive effrt reminds David f the lss he suffered, he is encuraged knwing that mre yung peple with s much t f r the wrd will be arund t d gd. “I get t be a part f what Cnnr wuld have dne,” says David.(尽管每一次建设性的努力都会让David想起他所遭受的损失，但是他仍然感到鼓舞，因为他知道更多的年轻人会在这个世界上做好事。“我要成为Cnnr会做的事情的一部分，”David说)”可知，文章主要讲述了Cnnr在一次事故中失去了生命，但是他的父亲David化悲痛为力量，为大学设立奖学金，而且还宣传安全驾驶知识。由此可知，D项“一个父亲化悲痛为力量来帮助别人”能够概括文章大意。故选D。
2.【2023届安徽省合肥市第八中学高三最后一卷】
Tiny sensry hair cells called sterecilia(静纤毛)lcated in yur inner ear are respnsible fr detecting sund. When these becme damaged, either by genetic disrders, lud sunds r ld age, it can lead t hearing difficulties and even deafness.
Nw, in a series f experiments n mice, researchers based at the Salk Institute fr Bilgical Studies and the University f Sheffield have identified a prtein that can be delivered t these hair cells in rder t stimulate their grwth. “Our discvery shws that hair cell functin can be restred in certain cells,” said Dr Uri Manr, assistant research prfessr and directr f the Waitt Advanced Biphtnics Cre at Salk.
Sterecilia hair cells are fund thrughut the cchlea(耳蜗). Regins f the cchlea that sense lw frequencies have lnger sterecilia, while regins that sense high frequencies have shrter sterecilia. When sunds enter the ear, they cause fluid within the cchlea t vibrate(振动), which in turn causes the sterecilia t mve. These hair cells then send signals t neurns(神经元), which pass n infrmatin abut the sunds that we are hearing t the brain.
In their previus studies, Manr and Prf Walter Martti fund that the prtein EPS8 was invlved in determining the length f sterecilia. Withut the prtein, the grwth f the hairs is stunted and they remain very shrt. Fr this latest study, the tw researchers teamed up t design an experiment t see if adding EPS8 t sterecilia hair cells culd stimulate their regrwth and imprve hearing in mic. They used a cmmn gene therapy(基因治疗)technique t deliver the prtein t the hair cells n the back f a virus. They then investigated the effects using imaging techniques.
The team fund that EPS8 increased the length f the sterecilia and restred their functin in lw-frequency cells, althugh nt enugh t restre the hearing f the mice. Hwever, they als fund that the cells seemed t lse their ability t regenerate as they aged. The researchers nw plan t investigate the actin f EPS8 further, with the hpe f extending the age range ver which it is effective.
12．What is the authr’s purpse in writing paragraphs 1 and 2?
A．T reveal causes f hearing prblems.
B．T shw different functins f sterecilia.
C．T prve the necessity f hearing prtectin.
D．T intrduce the finding f a hearing-imprving prtein.
13．What des the underlined wrd “stunted” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Guaranteed.B．Prevented.C．Recrded.D．Reflected.
14．What did the researchers use the gene therapy technique t d?
A．Help mice grw faster.B．Keep viruses frm grwing.
C．Send EPS8 t sterecilia hair cellsD．Remve aged sterecilia hair cells.
15．What d the researchers plan t d?
A．Restre the hearing f the mice.B．Make EPS8 effective in aging cells.
C．Investigate the frmatin f EPS8.D．Cunt lw-frequency cells f aging mice.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现了一种对恢复静纤毛功能的蛋白质。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Tiny sensry hair cells called sterecilia(静纤毛)lcated in yur inner ear are respnsible fr detecting sund. When these becme damaged, either by genetic disrders, lud sunds r ld age, it can lead t hearing difficulties and even deafness.”（位于内耳的被称为静纤毛的微小感觉毛细胞负责探测声音。当这些受损时，无论是由于遗传疾病，过大的声音还是年纪变老，都可能导致听力困难甚至耳聋。）可知，第一段介绍了静纤毛的概念和作用为提出发现做铺垫，根据第二段第一句“Nw, in a series f experiments n mice, researchers based at the Salk Institute fr Bilgical Studies and the University f Sheffield have identified a prtein that can be delivered t these hair cells in rder t stimulate their grwth.”（现在，在对老鼠进行的一系列实验中，索尔克生物研究所和谢菲尔德大学的研究人员已经确定了一种蛋白质，可以传递给这些毛细胞，以刺激它们的生长。）可知，第二段介绍了一个新的发现。由此判断，第一、二段介绍了一种能改善听力的蛋白质的研究。故选D。
13．词义猜测题。第四段提到“In their previus studies, Manr and Prf Walter Martti fund that the prtein EPS8 was invlved in determining the length f sterecilia.”（在之前的研究中，马诺和沃尔特·马罗蒂教授发现EPS8蛋白参与决定直立纤毛的长度。）及“. . . they remain very shrt”（它们仍然很短）由此判断，EPS8决定静纤毛的长度，没有它的话，静纤毛的发育长度也很短，说明EPS8会抑制静纤毛的生长。B项prevent“阻止”符合文意。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“They used a cmmn gene therapy(基因治疗)technique t de-liver the prtein t the hair cells n the back f a virus. They then investigated the effects using imaging techniques.”（他们使用了一种常见的基因治疗技术，将蛋白质传递到病毒背后的毛细胞中。然后，他们用成像技术研究了这些影响。）由此判断，该项基因治疗是可以可以将EPS8传递到静纤毛毛发细胞中的。故选C。
15．推理判断题。第五段提到“The researchers nw plan t investigate the actin f EPS8 further, with the hpe f extending the age range ver which it is effective.”（研究人员现在计划进一步研究EPS8的作用，希望能扩大其有效的年龄范围。）由此判断，研究人员希望能够扩大EPS8的的年龄使用范围，使其对衰老的细胞也有效果。故选B。
3.【2023届安徽省合肥市第八中学高三最后一卷】
As an educatin specialist, I believe the best way t prepare students fr clleges and careers is t fcus n prviding instructinal prgrams and pprtunities that help them becme gd thinkers. T d this, teachers and actually everyne else in a cmmunity, shuld play a rle as a “cgnitive(认知)cach” t students, helping develp gd thinkers amng ur yuth.
The best way fr yu t becme a cgnitive cach is t seek ut and engage schl children and adlescents in meaningful cnversatins. The bjective here is t get kids talking abut what they think, hw they feel, and what they believe whenever and wherever yu may find them. It may be in a classrm. It may be at the grcery stre. It may be at a basketball game. It desn’t matter where as lng as yu engage students in a tpical cnversatin and, hpefully, even a debate. Mainly, yu want t encurage students t vice their pinin abut things. Get them t take a psitin n “this thing, r that thing,” and ask them t supprt their psitin with evidence. Curiusly enugh, the simple prcess f engaging students in real life cnversatins and debates will serve t strengthen what they have learned in the classrm, and help them create their wn knwledge abut a subject r a tpic.
Learning indicates that a student has been expsed t material, understands the material, and can recall the infrmatin. Knwledge, n the ther hand, ges beynd recall and includes infrmatin prcessing, applicatin t ther situatins, cnsideratin f meaning, and cntrasting with ther cncepts. Naturally, the tpic f cnversatin yu engage in with ne f yur learners will differ frm student t student, and in the level f cmplexity based n child’s age and develpmental level. Even a kindergartener has an pinin abut things that are ging n in his r her life. Engaging in cnversatin with any members f yur learning cmmunity in ways that get at what they have learned and what they knw will help them develp higher rder reasning skills.
A student’s synthetic thinking(综合思维)prcess ccurs when a respected adult asks a questin, particularly a questin that requires reflectin. I think all adults in a cmmunity have a respnsibility t help children with this prcess, with the gal f prducing independent thinkers.
4．What cntributes mst t develping gd yung thinkers?
A．Debating with classmates.B．Learning frm respected adults.
C．Engaging in challenging activities.D．Putting frward a sensible argument.
5．Which is the best questin raised by a cgnitive cach?
A．What have yu learnt recently?B．What natinality is Elbert Einstein?
C．Why d yu like playing ftball?D．Where are yu ging this weekend?
6．What des the authr want t shw by mentining a kindergartener?
A．Being a gd yung thinker is imprtant.
B．Chsing cnversatin tpics accrdingly is essential.
C．Cultivating gd yung thinkers shuld start as early as pssible.
D．Even children have their unique and independent ways f thinking.
7．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T state an educatin idea.B．T assess a teaching strategy.
C．T intrduce a learning methd.D．T cmpare different educatin methds.
【答案】4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A
【文章大意】本文为议论文。文章论证的主题是成年人有义务帮助孩子成为优秀思考者。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mainly, yu want t encurage students t vice their pinin abut things. Get them t take a psitin n ‘this thing, r that thing, ‘and ask them t sup-prt their psitin with evidence.”（主要是，你想鼓励学生表达他们对事物的看法。让他们对“这件事或那件事”采取立场，并要求他们用证据支持自己的立场。）可知，训练学生有理有据地论证自己的观点是培养优秀思考者的主要方式。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Curiusly enugh, the simple prcess f engaging students in real life cnversatins and debates will serve t strengthen what they have learned in the class-rm, and help them create their wn knwledge abut a subject r a tpic.”（奇怪的是，让学生参与现实生活中的对话和辩论的简单过程将有助于加强他们在课堂上学到的东西，并帮助他们创造自己对某个主题或主题的知识。）和第三段“Knwledge, n the ther hand, ges beynd recall and includes infrmatin prcessing, applicatin t ther situatins, cnsideratin f meaning, and cntrasting with ther cncepts.”（另一方面，知识超越了回忆，包括信息处理、对其他情况的应用、对意义的考虑以及与其他概念的对比。）可知，认知教练提出的话题问题不是记忆性的，而是要带有信息加工等批判性思维内容，C项“为什么你喜欢踢足球？”，就是一个需要进行信息加工后回答的问题。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Naturally, the tpic f cnversatin yu engage in with ne f yur learners will differ frm student t student, and in the level f cmplexity based n child’s age and develpmental level.”（当然，你与其中一位学习者的谈话主题会因学生而异，而且根据孩子的年龄和发展水平，谈话的复杂性也会有所不同。）可知，话题的主题要因人而异，要考虑到孩子的年龄和认知发展程度。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“I think all adults in a cmmunity have a respnsibility t help children with this prcess, with the gal f prducing independent thinkers.”（我认为，一个团体中的所有成年人都有责任帮助儿童完成这一过程，目的是培养独立的思想家。）可知，全文的主旨是作者要论述自己的教育观点。故选A项。
4.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高中毕业班联考（三）】
Wuld yu g mad after tw hurs withut TV, friend requests, exciting nline games r yur mbile, r wuld yu easily survive?
Recently, university students arund the wrld were asked t vlunteer in a glbal experiment called “Unplugged”. It was designed t see hw yung peple wuld react if they were asked t bserve a ttal media ban by unplugging all frms f media devices fr 24 hurs.
Unplugged is being run by Dr. Rman Gerdims, a lecturer in Cmmunicatin and Jurnalism at Burnemuth University. The experiment is nw ver but he desn’t yet knw the full findings. Hwever, during the experiment, Dr. Gerdims said there were already signs f hw much the experiment affected vlunteers. He said, “They’re reprting withdrawal symptms (脱瘾综合征), vereating, and feeling nervus, islated and discnnected.”
During their 24-hur painful experience, three f the experiment’s guinea pigs had t endure ne intrusin (侵扰) frm the media: a reprter plus cameraman wh fllwed them arund fr the day. They were asked t write dwn 100 lines abut their day ffline, but f curse, they all waited until the next day when they had access t their laptps.
Ellit wrte, “Tday, my whle mrning rutine was thrwn up int the air. Despite being aware f the scial imprtance f the media, I was surprised by hw empty I felt withut the radi r newspapers.”
And Charltte wrte, “I have t say the mst difficult item fr me t be withut has been my mbile; nt nly is it a scial tl, but it’s my main access pint f cmmunicatin.”
Earlier in the year, a UK gvernment study fund that in the UK yung peple spend abut half f their waking hurs using the media. And a recent study fund that n average, US teenagers send and receive ver 3,000 texts per mnth -- that’s abut six texts per waking hur.
S, with technlgy cntinuing t develp at an alarming rate, hw much time will yu set aside fr sleep in the future?
12．What’s the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T ask fr infrmatin.B．T entertain the readers.
C．T intrduce the tpic.D．T present an idea.
13．Abut Dr. Rman Gerdims’ experiment, we knw that ______.
A．the experiment is still ging nB．vlunteers felt uncmfrtable in it
C．vlunteers didn’t want t eat anythingD．vlunteers were allwed t take their laptps.
14．What’s Ellit’s feeling f lsing tuch with scial media?
A．satisfiedB．relaxedC．delightedD．bred
15．Which f the fllwing can best serve as the title f the passage?
A．Unplugging Yur LifeB．Surviving Withut the Media
C．Valuing Scial CmmunicatinD．Setting Aside Time fr Sleep
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为“Unplugged”的一项实验，该实验针对人们在关闭各种社交媒体后的反应进行了研究。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wuld yu g mad after tw hurs withut TV, friend requests, exciting nline games r yur mbile, r wuld yu easily survive?”（你会在两个小时没有电视、没有朋友请求、没有令人兴奋的网络游戏或手机的情况下发疯吗？）及第二段“Recently, university students arund the wrld were asked t vlunteer in a glbal experiment called “Unplugged”. It was designed t see hw yung peple wuld react if they were asked t bserve a ttal media ban by unplugging all frms f media devices fr 24 hurs.”（最近，世界各地的大学生被要求自愿参加一项名为“不插电”的全球实验。该实验的目的是观察如果年轻人被要求24小时不使用任何形式的媒体设备，遵守完全禁止媒体的规定，他们会有什么反应。）可知，第一段对人们脱离媒体设备的反应提出了疑问，引出文章主题，即下文的“不插电”的全球试验。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“They’re reprting withdrawal symptms (脱瘾综合征), vereating, and feeling nervus, islated and discnnected”（他们表现出了脱瘾综合征，暴饮暴食、情绪紧张、孤立和疏离的特征。）可知，参加实验的志愿者在脱离媒体设备后，感到不适。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“Tday, my whle mrning rutine was thrwn up int the air. Despite being aware f the scial imprtance f the media, I was surprised by hw empty I felt withut the radi r newspapers.”（今天，我整个早上的计划都泡汤了。尽管意识到媒体的社会重要性，但我惊讶地发现，没有广播和报纸，我感到多么空虚。）可知，在脱离各种媒体设备后，Ellit感到空虚无聊。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Recently, university students arund the wrld were asked t vlunteer in a glbal experiment called “Unplugged”. It was designed t see hw yung peple wuld react if they were asked t bserve a ttal media ban by unplugging all frms f media devices fr 24 hurs.”（最近，世界各地的大学生被要求自愿参加一项名为“不插电”的全球实验。该实验的目的是观察如果年轻人被要求24小时不使用任何形式的媒体设备，遵守完全禁止媒体的规定，他们会有什么反应。）并结合后文实验的具体信息可知，文章主要介绍了名为“Unplugged”的一项实验，该实验要求志愿者脱离所有的社交媒体24小时，并观察他们的反应，A项“让你的生活“不插电””生动形象，适合作文章标题文。故选A项。
5.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
In a strawberry field surrunded by strawberry fields n the utskirts f Santa Maria, a pair f rbts have been picking berries all summer.
Each rbt, made by a Clrad cmpany called Trtuga AgTech, rlls in the field n wheels, then stps in frnt f a plant. A mechanical arm perates its sensr amng the leaves; machine visin sftware scans the sensr data in search f ripe berries. If an unripe berry is in the way, the rbt repsitins fr a better angle. As nipper-grabber (夹爪) munted in the middle f the sensrs stretches t cut the berry’s stem (茎), then cautiusly places it in awaiting plastic cntainer at the rbt’s base.
Trtuga’s rbts are designed t pick strawberries frm plants grwn n hydrpnic (水培的) tabletps, nt the grund shadberries. The tabletp system enables Trtuga’s strawberry rbts t wrk by making berms cwer t be pked up with rbtic arms and prtecting the rbts frm direct expsure t the elements.
Since hitting this field last spring, the rbts are n their way t picking nearly as many berries as human pickers, and with 95% accuracy, accrding t Trtuga. Unlike a human, the Trtuga rbts dn’t need breaks, can’t get sick, are always ready t wrk and can pick all day and int the night. With wages making up s much f a grwer’s expense, the allure f a rbts increased reliability and ptential t becme mre cst-efficient ver time is hard t resist.
I d think the best humans are ging t be able t utperfrm rbts at these judgment-driven tasks,” said Eric Adamsn, Trtuga’s cfunder and chief executive. “But that’s OK. It desn’t have t be better than every human; it just has t be better than enugh peple.”
Meanwhile, the team behind Trtuga sees agricultural rbts as mre than labr-saving devices. They see them as the nly way that an industry facing climate change, land use and chemical regulatin can adapt and survive.
8．Hw can the rbt detect ripe strawberries?
A．By analyzing the sensr data.B．By bserving their psitins.
C．By mnitring their stems.D．By testing them in cntainers.
9．What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 3?
A．Add sme relevant infrmatin.B．Prvide sme advice fr grwers.
C．Summarize the previus paragraphs.D．Intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.
10．What des the underlined wrd “allure” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Pressure.B．Appeal.C．Impact.D．Expansin.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Rbts replacing human labr.
B．Urgent need fr agricultural rbts.
C．Rbts shaping the future f strawberry.
D．Great challenges f future rbts.
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 11．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是采摘草莓的机器人以及它的前景。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段的“A mechanical arm perates its sensr amng the leaves; machine visin sftware scans the sensr data in search f ripe berries.(机械臂在树叶间操纵传感器；机器视觉软件扫描传感器数据，寻找成熟的浆果。)”可知，机器人通过对传感器数据的分析检测成熟的草莓，故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Trtuga’s rbts are designed t pick strawberries frm plants grwn n hydrpnic (水培的) tabletps, nt the grund shadberries. The tabletp system enables Trtuga’s strawberry rbts t wrk by making berms cwer t be pked up with rbtic arms and prtecting the rbts frm direct expsure t the elements.(Trtuga的机器人被设计用来从水培桌上种植的植物中采摘草莓，而不是地面上的树莓。桌面系统使Trtuga的草莓机器人能够工作，通过使窄道降低，并用机械手臂戳起，保护机器人不直接暴露在环境中。)”可知，作者在第3段打算添加一些关于这种机器人的相关信息。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段的“a rbts increased reliability and ptential t becme mre cst-efficient(机器人提高了可靠性，并有可能变得更具成本效益)”和“wages making up s much f a grwer’s expense(工资占了种植者开支的很大一部分)”可知，机器人更可靠，可以节约成本，所以这种吸引力是难以抗拒的，划线词allure的意思是“吸引力”，和appeal意思相近，故选B。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Each rbt, made by a Clrad cmpany called Trtuga AgTech, rlls in the field n wheels, then stps in frnt f a plant. A mechanical arm perates its sensr amng the leaves; machine visin sftware scans the sensr data in search f ripe berries.(每个机器人都是由科罗拉多州一家名为Trtuga AgTech的公司制造的，它们带着轮子在田地里滚动，然后停在植物前面。机械臂在树叶间操纵传感器；机器视觉软件扫描传感器数据，寻找成熟的浆果。)”和最后一段的“Meanwhile, the team behind Trtuga sees agricultural rbts as mre than labr-saving devices. They see them as the nly way that an industry facing climate change, land use and chemical regulatin can adapt and survive.(与此同时，Trtuga背后的团队认为农业机器人不仅仅是节省劳动力的设备。他们认为，这是一个面临气候变化、土地使用和化学品监管的行业适应和生存的唯一途径。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是采摘草莓的机器人以及它的前景，C选项“Rbts shaping the future f strawberry.(机器人塑造草莓的未来)”是文章的主旨，故选C。
6.【2023届广东省八市高考4月二联考】
Tw separate research grups in the UK and Denmark have cme up with the same idea fr a study that culd help save endangered species, and have gtten the same results. It invlves sucking envirnmental DNA frm the air that animals leave behind.
“We use a really small pump that pulls the air thrugh, and we hpe the DNA gets caught n the filter (过滤器),” said Elizabeth Clare, the lead researcher. “It’s a bit like making cffee. Yu make cffee by sucking water thrugh a filter and leaving the cffee grunds behind. That’s basically what we’re ding; we’re just sucking the air thrugh and hping that the DNA gets left behind.”
Clare says the cncept has been used fr years in different ways. Scientists sample pathgens (病原体) frm the air, which has been used t help track COVID-19. Envirnmental DNA can als be cllected frm water t help ease invasive species.
A big gal fr bth research teams with the new study is t be able t lcate endangered species and help save them. It is imprtant t nte that this type f DNA sampling can nly be picked up if a species is in the area, s if there were tw f the same animal, scientists wuld nt be able t tell which ne the DNA came frm.
Bth research grups als reprted certain DNA samples nt shwing up when they knew an animal had been in the area. They als can’t tell yet hw lng an animal’s DNA will stick arund after it’s been in ne area. Clare says she’d like t plan mre researches t get these answers.
But ne thing is fr sure after cnducting the study. Clare says she has a whle new perspective n taking a deep breath. “As yu knw, I’m walking thrugh a jungle r the park r taking my dg fr a walk r my kids ut t play, and I take a deep breath; I think I just inhaled infrmatin abut all the things that have been here befre, and as a scientist, that’s exciting t think that the infrmatin that I’m trying t gather is literally hanging in frnt f me,” she said.
12．Why des the authr mentin cffee-making?
A．T shw the functin f a filter.
B．T illustrate hw the idea wrks.
C．T cmpare tw different methds.
D．T prve hw simply DNA-sucking wrks.
13．What des the underlined phrase “the cncept” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Detecting danger in the air.
B．Prtecting endangered animals.
C．Sucking DNA ut f the air.
D．Cllecting envirnmental samples.
14．What d we knw abut the new methd f DNA sampling?
A．It distinguishes different DNAs.
B．It cllects certain DNA within range.
C．It lcates endangered species exactly.
D．It predicts the duratin f animals’ stay.
15．What can we infer frm Clare’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A．She breathes the air f hpe fr future studies.
B．She agrees with the benefits f deep breathing.
C．She adpts brand-new methds f purifying the air.
D．She finds inner peace by ding simple things in life.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．B 15．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。英国和丹麦的两个独立研究小组提出了从动物留下的空气中吸取环境DNA这一研究想法来帮助拯救濒危物种，并取得了相同的结果。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Yu make cffee by sucking water thrugh a filter and leaving the cffee grunds behind. That’s basically what we’re ding; we’re just sucking the air thrugh and hping that the DNA gets left behind.(煮咖啡的方法是用过滤器吸水，然后留下咖啡渣。这基本上就是我们正在做的；我们只是把空气吸进去，希望DNA能留下)”可推知，制作咖啡和过滤DNA有相同之处，所以文章提到制作咖啡是为了详细阐述用过滤器捕捉DNA这一研究想法是如何进行的。故选B。
13．短语猜测题。分析文章结构，the cncept所指代的内容在上文。根据上文中的“That’s basically what we’re ding; we’re just sucking the air thrugh and hping that the DNA gets left behind.(这基本上就是我们正在做的；我们只是把空气吸进去，希望DNA能留下)”可知，the cncept指代从空气来吸取DNA这一研究想法。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It is imprtant t nte that this type f DNA sampling can nly be picked up if a species is in the area, s if there were tw f the same animal, scientists wuld nt be able t tell which ne the DNA came frm.(需要注意的是，只有当一个物种在该地区时，才能进行这种类型的DNA采样，因此，如果有两种相同的动物，科学家将无法判断DNA来自哪一种)”可知，这种DNA采样的新方法可以收集可及范围内的特定DNA。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Clare说的话“I think I just inhaled infrmatin abut all the things that have been here befre, and as a scientist, that’s exciting t think that the infrmatin that I’m trying t gather is literally hanging in frnt f me(我想我只是吸入了以前在这里发生过的所有事情的信息，作为一名科学家，想到我试图收集的信息就在我面前，真是令人兴奋)”推知，Clare认为这种研究方法是有希望的，即她呼吸着对未来研究充满希望的空气。故选A。
7.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟测试】
Have yu ever chatted with a friend abut buying a certain item and been targeted with an ad fr that same item the next day? If s, yu may have wndered whether yur smartphne was “listening” t yu.
We can definitely say that yur phne is listening t yu via yur device s nbard micrphne. It always has t listen t yu s it can hear yur vice cmmand and assist yu. Why is my phne listening t me? When yu ask Siri t find smething, this infrmatin is used fr targeted ads. It’s nt different frm typing smething int Baidu. If yu’re lking fr car dealerships in yur city, related ads will start chasing yu acrss the Internet in a way a virtual assistant is just anther search engine.
What’s wrse, yur device desn’t need t listen t yur cnversatins. There’s a gd chance yu’re already giving it all the infrmatin it needs. Mst f us regularly disclse ur infrmatin t a wide range f websites and apps. We d this when we grant them certain permissins, r allw “ckies” t track ur nline activities.
S-called ckies allw websites t “remember” certain details abut ur interactin with the site. Fr instance, lgin ckies let yu save yur lgin details s yu dn’t have t re-enter them each time. The ckie will hst marketer’s ads and grant it access t data it cllects frm yu (which yu will have given it permissin t d—perhaps by clicking n sme harmless lking ppup).
As such, the advertiser can build a picture f yur life: yur rutines, wants and needs. These cmpanies cnstantly seek t evaluate the ppularity f their prducts and hw this varies based n factrs such as a custmer’s age, gender, height, weight, jb and hbbies.
8．Why des the authr mentin “Siri” and “Baidu” in paragraph 2?
A．T explain a rule.B．T draw a cnclusin.
C．T make a predictin.D．T clarify a view.
9．What is the authr’s attitude t the persnal infrmatin being tracked by websites?
A．Unfavrable.B．Tlerant.C．Psitive.D．Unclear.
10．Hw can the cmpanies cnstantly seek t evaluate the ppularity f their prducts?
A．By ringing yu fr yur rutines, wants and needs.
B．By enquiring yur friends abut yur preferences.
C．By buying yur persnal infrmatin secretly.
D．By cllecting yur rutines, wants and needs.
11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Yur smart phne is “listening” t yu.B．Yu can’t live withut the smart phne.
C．Baidu Search engine is helping yu.D．Audi Siri is always helping yu.
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．D 11．A
【文章大意】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍你的手机一直在“听”你讲话，并记录你的讲话内容。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“We can definitely say that yur phne is listening t yu via yur device s nbard micrphne. It always has t listen t yu s it can hear yur vice cmmand and assist yu.”（我们可以肯定地说，你的手机正在通过设备自带的麦克风听你说话。它必须一直听你说话，这样它才能听到你的声音命令和帮助你。）以及后面提到“Sir”和“Baidu”可知，是为了进一步阐释这个观点。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二、三段中“If yu’re lking fr car dealerships in yur city, related ads will start chasing yu acrss the Internet in a way a virtual assistant is just anther search engine. What’s wrse, yur device desn’t need t listen t yur cnversatins. There’s a gd chance yu’re already giving it all the infrmatin it needs.”（如果你正在你所在的城市寻找汽车经销商，相关广告将开始在互联网上追逐你，就像虚拟助手只是另一个搜索引擎一样。更糟糕的是，你的设备不需要听你的对话。很有可能你已经给了它所需的所有信息。）可推知，作者对网站追踪个人信息的行为持不支持的态度。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As such, the advertiser can build a picture f yur life: yur rutines, wants and needs. These cmpanies cnstantly seek t evaluate the ppularity f their prducts and hw this varies based n factrs such as a custmer’s age, gender, height, weight, jb and hbbies.”（因此，广告商可以为你的生活构建一幅图画:你的日常生活、你的想要和需要。这些公司不断地寻求评估其产品的受欢迎程度，以及根据顾客的年龄、性别、身高、体重、工作和爱好等因素来评估其受欢迎程度的差异。）可知，公司通过收集你的日常生活、想要的和需要来不断地评估其产品的受欢迎程度。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“If s, yu may have wndered whether yur smartphne was “listening” t yu.”（如果是这样，你可能想知道你的智能手机是否在“听”你说话。）和第二段第一句“We can definitely say that yur phne is listening t yu via yur device s nbard micrphne.”（我们可以肯定地说，你的手机正在通过设备自带的麦克风听你说话。）可知，文章最适合的标题为“你的智能手机正在“听”你说话。”故选A项。
8.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】
Taylr Swift, US singer-sngwriter knwn fr hits such as Shake It Off and Yu Belng With Me, has earned a new praise-she nw has a new species f millipede (千足虫) named in her hnr.
The millipede Nannaria swiftae jins 16 ther new species described frm the Appalachian Muntains f the United States. They have a valuable rle, fr they break dwn leaf litter and release their nutrients int the ecsystem. They live n the frest flr, where they feed n rtten leaves and ther plant matter, and in fact, they are smewhat tricky t catch, because they tend t remain buried in the sil, smetimes staying cmpletely beneath the surface.
Because f their presence in museum cllectins, scientists lng suspected that the millipedes included many new species, but these specimens (标本) went undescribed fr decades. T fix this, the researchers began a multi-year prject t cllect new specimens thrughut the eastern US. They traveled t 17 US states, checking under leaf litter, rcks, and lgs t find species s that they culd sequence (测定序列) their DNA and scientifically describe them.
Lking at ver 1, 800 specimens cllected n their field study r taken frm university and museum cllectins, the authrs described 17 new species, including Nannaria marianae, which was named after Hennen’s wife. They discvered that the millipedes prefer t live in frested habitats near streams and are ften fund buried under the sil, exhibiting mre mysterius behavirs than their relatives.
The lead authr f the study, Derek Hennen, a fan f Taylr Swift says, “Her music helped me get thrugh the highs and lws f graduate schl, s naming a new millipede species after her is my way f saying thanks.”
28．Why is it tugh t seize the millipede?
A．It’s flexible.B．It hides well.C．It feeds n leaves.D．It lks like litter.
29．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the third paragraph?
A．T shw scientists’ tugh wrk.B．T blame researchers’ carelessness.
C．T illustrate millipedes’ imprtance.D．T emphasize inventin in scientific studies.
30．In which aspect des the millipede differ frm its relatives?
A．Habitat.B．Diet.C．Nutritin.D．Mystery.
31．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Taylr Swift Is a Famus Singer-Sngwriter.B．Scientists Cnduct Research n the Millipede.
C．Research n the Millipede Amazed Scientists.D．Millipede Species Named after Taylr Swift.
【答案】28．B 29．A 30．A 31．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于一种千足虫新物种的研究，并且以美国歌手泰勒·斯威夫特的名字来命名。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“They live n the frest flr, where they feed n rtten leaves and ther plant matter, and in fact, they are smewhat tricky t catch, because they tend t remain buried in the sil, smetimes staying cmpletely beneath the surface. (它们生活在森林的地面上，以腐烂的叶子和其他植物为食，事实上，它们有点难以捕捉，因为它们往往埋在土壤中，有时完全停留在地表以下。)”可知，它们隐藏得好是难以捕捉的原因。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“Because f their presence in museum cllectins, scientists lng suspected that the millipedes included many new species, but these specimens (标本) went undescribed fr decades. T fix this, the researchers began a multi-year prject t cllect new specimens thrughut the eastern US. They traveled t 17 US states, checking under leaf litter, rcks, and lgs t find species s that they culd sequence (测定序列) their DNA and scientifically describe them. (由于千足虫在博物馆藏品中的存在，科学家们一直怀疑千足虫包括许多新物种，但这些标本几十年来都没有被描述。为了解决这一问题，研究人员开始了一项为期多年的项目，在美国东部各地收集新的标本。他们前往美国17个州，在落叶、岩石和原木底下寻找新的千足虫物种，以便对它们的DNA进行测序并对其进行科学描述。)”可推断，作者在本段主要想说明科学家的艰苦工作。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“They discvered that the millipedes prefer t live in frested habitats near streams and are ften fund buried under the sil, exhibiting mre mysterius behavirs than their relatives.( 他们发现千足虫喜欢生活在靠近溪流的森林栖息地，经常被发现埋在土壤下，表现出比它们的亲戚更神秘的行为。)”知，这种千足虫与其亲缘物种的差异之处表现在其栖息地。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。第一段提到“Taylr Swift, US singer-sngwriter knwn fr hits such as Shake It Off and Yu Belng With Me, has earned a new praise-she nw has a new species f millipede named in her hnr. (以《Shake It Off》和《Yu Belng With Me》等热门歌曲闻名的美国创作型歌手泰勒·斯威夫特获得了新的赞誉——一种新的千足虫以她的名字命名。)”，文章接下来就此展开，主要介绍了一种以泰勒·斯威夫特的名字命名的千足虫新物种。因此，D项“Millipede Species Named after Taylr Swift. (以泰勒·斯威夫特命名的千足虫。)”作文章标题最佳。故选D。
9.【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期5月第二次联考】
Mst f us spend ur lives surrunded by screens, which ffer us cnvenience as well as cnnectin and an cean f infrmatin. But since it’s easy t feel pressured t keep up with every ntificatin, technlgy may feel mre like a burden than a blessing. Thus, the idea f “digital detx” is becming increasingly inviting.
The phrase “digital detx” describes getting rid f TV, phnes, cmputers and ther frms f technlgy that cntrl ur lives fr a perid f time. Sme experts advcate cmpletely aviding unnecessary screen time fr 30 years. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amunt f time ne can spend n certain websites. A third ptin is lgging ut in evenings r n weekends. Others simply turn their phnes ff at scheduled times. Sme even pay high prices t take vacatins in places where they can unplug frm their digital rutine.
Why might yu want t take a digital detx? Perhaps yu find that yu are spending lnger than yu intend n certain apps r that they distract yu frm mre imprtant things. Perhaps scial media is depressing because yu cmpare yurself t thers r yu fear missing ut n things that ther peple are enjying. Cnstant negative news can als give rise t a lt f stress.
Technlgy can als have physical effects. Many peple experience back r neck pain as a result f bending ver screens. The blue light cming frm mst screens can als affect peple’s sleep by preventing prductin f melatnin (褪黑素) .
Giving up all screens may nt be realistic, but strategic breaks frm technlgy may be gd fr yur bdy, mind, emtins and relatinships. It is high time that yu picked a time t turn ff yur devices and fcus n really imprtant things.
28．Why des the authr say “technlgy may feel mre like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1?
A．T cnfirm a cncept.B．T present a prblem.
C．T explain a rule.D．T make a predictin.
29．What des the underlined wrd “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Recver.B．Benefit.C．Escape.D．Suffer.
30．Which culd be the reasn fr ne t start “digital detx”?
A．Apps selectin difficulty.B．Fear f missing imprtant things.
C．Expsure t false news.D．Pressure frm scial cmparisn.
31．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T recmmend healthy lifestyles.B．T call fr reducing the use f digital devices.
C．T give instructins n starting digital detx.D．T present different attitudes t digital prducts.
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字排毒”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Mst f us spend ur lives surrunded by screens, which ffer us cnvenience as well as cnnectin and an cean f infrmatin. But since it’s easy t feel pressured t keep up with every ntificatin(我们大多数人的生活都被屏幕包围着，它给我们提供了便利、联系和信息的海洋。 但因为要跟上每一个通知很容易感到压力)”可知，科技带来了便利，但也会容易感到有压力，所以作者说“技术可能更像是一种负担，而不是一种祝福”是为了呈现问题，引出话题“数字排毒”。故选B项。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The phrase “digital detx” describes getting rid f TV, phnes, cmputers and ther frms f technlgy that dminate ur lives fr a perid f time. (数字排毒这个短语描述的是摆脱电视、电话、电脑和其他形式的技术，这些技术在一段时间内主导了我们的生活)”可知，“数字排毒”是指摆脱电视、电话等数字生活，所以此处unplug frm their digital rutine是指“摆脱”数字生活，即unplug是“摆脱、脱离”的意思。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“Perhaps scial media is depressing because yu cmpare yurself t thers r yu fear missing ut n things that ther peple are enjying. (也许社交媒体让人沮丧是因为你把自己和别人比较，或者你害怕错过别人喜欢的东西。)”可知，一个人可能开始“数字排毒”的原因是把自己和别人比较，也就是来自社会比较的压力。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giving up all screens may nt be realistic, but strategic breaks frm technlgy may be gd fr yur bdy, mind, emtins and relatinships. It is high time that yu picked a time t turn ff yur devices and fcus n really imprtant things.(放弃所有的屏幕可能不现实，但有策略性地脱离科技可能对你的身体、思想、情感和人际关系有好处。 现在是时候关掉你的设备，专注于真正重要的事情)”可知，作者认为是关掉你的设备专注于重要的事情的时候了，可以推测出文章的目的是呼吁减少使用数码设备。故选B项。
10.【2023届山东省济南市高三三模】
Fr mtrcycle enthusiasts, nthing beats the excitement f riding yur mtrcycle n the pen highway with the wind n yur back. With gas prices rising, riding mtrcycles is ecnmical and a much greener way t travel. Alng with the benefits cmes the risk f persnal injury if an accident ccurs. After all, yu’re nt prtected by steel like yu are while driving yur car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innvatins, new airbag jeans, are persnal airbags that yu can wear t better prtect yur life.
Airbags have been prtecting peple in car accidents fr decades. Nw, a Swedish cmpany, M’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technlgy cmpany which previusly prduced upper bdy prtectin fr mtrcycle riders, t design and prduce the airbags jeans. This kind f airbag can ffer prtectin fr the mtrcycle rider’s lwer bdy, especially the tailbne, in case f an accident. Accrding t the cmpany, “It refrmed the airbag technlgy t prtect the first bne f the spinal clumn (脊柱), because spinal clumn injury is the leading cause f disability amng mtrcycle riders.”
The airbag jeans lk like cnventinal trusers. Its cmpnent is remvable and the jeans can be washed, dried, and wrn again. The jeans are made f a fabric called Armalith which is strnger and weighs less than steel. Armalith helps t prevent riders frm injuries caused by frce f frictin after a fall. The airbags fixed int the fabric help prtect the rider if he r she falls ff the mtrcycle. If the rider is separated frm the vehicle, the airbags are tuched ff in secnds. That’s because the mechanism is actually a chain that cnnects the jeans t the mtrcycle.
M’cycle’s airbag jeans are available n the cmpany’s crwdfunding campaign alng with an airbag shirt and a cmplete prtectin package. Obviusly, they can prvide prtectin fr mre mtrcycle riders. Making the rads safer fr them is certainly a wrthy effrt.
8．What is the purpse f Paragraph 1?
A．T shw the ppularity f mtrcycles.B．T stress the necessity f airbags jeans.
C．T state the imprtance f wearing helmets.D．T display the excitement f highway riding.
9．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．The tailbne injuries are hard t identify.
B．Airbags ffer verall prtectin fr riders.
C．M cycle is famus fr airbag design and prductin.
D．The airbag jeans are based n the existing technlgy.
10．What is a feature f airbag jeans?
A．They lead a new fashin trend.B．They are cmfrtable t wear.
C．They are quick in respnse.D．They need fixing regularly.,
11．Hw des the authr feel abut the future f the airbag jeans?
A．Indifferent.B．Uncertain.C．Prmising.D．Curius.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．C
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安全气囊牛仔裤可以更好地保护人们的生命，文章介绍了安全气囊牛仔裤的原理以及涉及的技术。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Fr mtrcycle enthusiasts, nthing beats the excitement f riding yur mtrcycle n the pen highway with the wind n yur back. With gas prices rising, riding mtrcycles is ecnmical and a much greener way t travel. Alng with the benefits cmes the risk f persnal injury if an accident ccurs. After all, yu’re nt prtected by steel like yu are while driving yur car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innvatins, new airbag jeans, are persnal airbags that yu can wear t better prtect yur life.(对于摩托车爱好者来说，没有什么比骑着摩托车在开阔的高速公路上迎风而行更令人兴奋的了。随着汽油价格的上涨，骑摩托车是一种既经济又环保的出行方式。随着这些好处而来的是，如果发生事故，人身伤害的风险。毕竟，你不像开车时那样受到钢铁的保护。除了头盔之外，最新的安全创新产品——新型安全气囊牛仔裤——是一种个人安全气囊，你可以穿上它来更好地保护你的生命)”可推知，第一段的目的是强调安全气囊牛仔裤的必要性。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Nw, a Swedish cmpany, M’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technlgy cmpany which previusly prduced upper bdy prtectin fr mtrcycle riders, t design and prduce the airbags jeans. This kind f airbag can ffer prtectin fr the mtrcycle rider’s lwer bdy, especially the tailbne, in case f an accident. Accrding t the cmpany, “It refrmed the airbag technlgy t prtect the first bne f the spinal clumn (脊柱), because spinal clumn injury is the leading cause f disability amng mtrcycle riders.”(现在，一家瑞典公司M’cycle与一家安全气囊技术公司合作，设计和生产安全气囊牛仔裤。该公司之前为摩托车手生产上半身保护装置。这种安全气囊可以在发生事故时保护摩托车骑手的下半身，特别是尾骨。据该公司介绍，“它改革了安全气囊技术，以保护脊柱的第一块骨头，因为脊柱损伤是摩托车骑手致残的主要原因。”)”可推知，安全气囊牛仔裤是基于现有技术。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If the rider is separated frm the vehicle, the airbags are tuched ff in secnds.(如果骑手与车辆分离，安全气囊会在几秒钟内被触发)”可知，安全气囊牛仔裤的特点反应迅速。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Obviusly, they can prvide prtectin fr mre mtrcycle riders. Making the rads safer fr them is certainly a wrthy effrt.(显然，他们可以为更多的摩托车骑手提供保护。让道路对他们来说更安全当然是值得的)”可推知，作者认为安全气囊牛仔裤的未来很有前途。故选C。
11.【2023届山东省济宁市三模】
1．What can a visitr enjy during the guided tur?
A．Trying ut new farming methds.
B．Tasting sme vegetables and fruits.
C．Visiting the farm withut registratin.
D．Sharing knwledge f plants with the lcals.
2．Hw much need a cuple with ne child pay fr My Miniature Garden?
A．$40.B．$55.C．$65.D．$80.
3．What is the main purpse f the event?
A．T instruct visitrs t prepare gifts.
B．T advcate the prtectin f the farm plants.
C．T publicize the sale f rganic prduce.
D．T encurage peple t grw their wn fd.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天。
1．细节理解题。根据GUIDED TOUR 9 a.m. r 3 p.m.部分下的第二段中“Yu will have an pprtunity t tuch, smell and taste sme f the vegetables and fruits. (你将有机会触摸、闻和品尝一些蔬菜和水果。)”可知，在导游带领下，游客可以品尝一些蔬菜和水果。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据My Miniature Garden部分下的“Tickets (payment at site): Children $15 per persn Adult $25 per persn (门票（即场缴费）：儿童每位15元；成人每位25元)”可知，一对夫妻带着一个孩子去My Miniature Garden需要花费：25*2+15=65，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Cme and jin us fr a day f fun! Get in tuch with nature and learn abut the imprtance f grwing ur wn fd. Bring back yur wn mini garden t start yur urban farming jurney! (来和我们一起玩一天吧！接触大自然，了解自己种植食物的重要性。带回你自己的小花园，开始你的城市农业之旅！)”和最后两段提到建造小型花园和种子球可推知，文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天，其目的是为了鼓励人们自己种植食物。故选D。
12.【2023届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模】
Liam Gamer was just 17 years ld when he started ut n his big adventure — a 32,000-kilmeter bike trip frm Alaska t Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 mnths after he started.
Liam, an experienced cyclist, had previusly ridden frm Ls Angeles t San Francisc. He made shrt vides f that trip, and shared them n the scial media app TikTk, sme f which became quite ppular. After reading a bk by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins, wh biked frm Oregn t Argentina, Liam decided t cycle frm Prudhe Bay, Alaska, the nrthernmst pint in the United States accessible by rad, t Ushuaia, Argentina, the suthernmst pint f Suth America.
Liam set ut n August 1, 2021. At first Liam’s parents weren’t t happy abut him taking such a lng bike trip by himself thugh it wuldn’t take that much mney. But as he carried n, his parents became his strngest supprters.
After abut three mnths, Liam had crssed the US, ging suth alng the West Cast. By early December, he had reached Mexic, frm which his parents came t the US many years ag. “S crssing the entire cuntry n a bike and recnnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is frm is s deeply imprtant t me,” Liam explained emtinally. But Liam als faced challenges in Mexic.
He was rbbed in Mexic, and at ne pint, he cnsidered quitting because the incredible heat made biking extremely difficult. In all, he was rbbed five times n the trip. He gt very sick mre than nce. In Clmbia, he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery. In spite f it all, he kept ging thrugh rain, sun, heat, cld, deserts and muntains.
Liam finally arrived in his destinatin n January 10, 2023 — 527 days after he started. He had travelled thrugh 14 cuntries alng the way.
4．What cntributed t Liam’s decisin t bike thrugh 14 cuntries?
A．His previus related experiences.B．His parents’ encuragement.
C．A desire t sht shrt vides.D．A bk by Jedidiah Jenkins.
5．Why did Liam feel special in Mexic?
A．He went there fr the first time.B．He fund his family tree’s rts.
C．He biked there as scheduled.D．He had t speak anther language.
6．What can we say abut Liam’s bike trip frm Alaska t Argentina?
A．It’s eventful.B．It’s pleasant.C．It’s cstly.D．It’s rmantic.
7．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T inspire ur lve fr nature.
B．T prmte lw-carbn travel.
C．T encurage us t see ur strengths.
D．T call n us t learn a kind f spirit.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．B 7．D
【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名经验丰富的自行车手——Liam Gamer在2021年8月1日开始他的冒险骑行之旅，从阿拉斯加到阿根廷，沿途游历了14个国家，历经艰难险阻，在2023年1月初终于完成了他的旅行。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“After reading a bk by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins, wh biked frm Oregn t Argentina, Liam decided t cycle frm Prudhe Bay, Alaska, the nrthernmst pint in the United States accessible by rad, t Ushuaia, Argentina, the suthernmst pint f Suth America.(在阅读了冒险家杰迪迪亚·詹金斯从俄勒冈州骑车到阿根廷的一本书后，Liam决定从美国最北端的阿拉斯加普拉德霍湾骑车到南美洲最南端的阿根廷乌斯怀亚)”可知，是在阅读了杰迪迪亚·詹金斯的书之后，开始骑车之旅的。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“By early December, he had reached Mexic, frm which his parents came t the US many years ag. “S crssing the entire cuntry n a bike and recnnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is frm is s deeply imprtant t me,” Liam explained emtinally. But Liam als faced challenges in Mexic.(12月初，他到达了墨西哥，他的父母多年前就是从墨西哥来到美国的。“所以骑自行车穿越整个国家，重新接触我的文化，学习我家乡的语言对我来说非常重要，”Liam激动地解释道。但利亚姆在墨西哥也面临着挑战)”可知，Liam的家乡是墨西哥，骑行到此，可以接触到家乡的语言和文化。由此推知，Liam觉得在墨西哥很特别是因为他找到了家族的根源。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Liam Gamer was just 17 years ld when he started ut n his big adventure — a 32,000-kilmeter bike trip frm Alaska t Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 mnths after he started.(Liam Gamer开始他的大冒险时只有17岁——从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的32000公里自行车之旅。在2023年1月初，他终于完成了他的旅行，在他开始17个月之后)”以及根据文章第三段“Liam set ut n August 1, 2021. At first Liam’s parents weren’t t happy abut him taking such a lng bike trip by himself thugh it wuldn’t take that much mney. But as he carried n, his parents became his strngest supprters.(Liam于2021年8月1日出发。起初，Liam的父母对他独自进行这么长的自行车旅行并不太高兴，尽管这不会花那么多钱。但随着他的坚持，他的父母成了他最坚定的支持者)”可知，Liam在完成自己的一个心愿。由此推知，他从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的旅行是愉快的。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章根据第一段“Liam Gamer was just 17 years ld when he started ut n his big adventure — a 32,000-kilmeter bike trip frm Alaska t Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 mnths after he started.(Liam Gamer开始他的大冒险时只有17岁——从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的32000公里自行车之旅。在2023年1月初，他终于完成了他的旅行，在他开始17个月之后)”以及倒数第二段“He gt very sick mre than nce. In Clmbia, he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery. In spite f it all, he kept ging thrugh rain, sun, heat, cld, deserts and muntains.(他不止一次病得很重。在哥伦比亚，他骑自行车时发生了事故，导致他受伤，需要接受手术。尽管如此，他还是经历了风雨、烈日、炎热、寒冷、沙漠和高山)”可知，Liam历经艰难险阻完成旅行。由此推知，本文写作的目的是号召我们学习一种不畏艰难，勇敢坚持的精神。故选D。
13.【2023·山东省威海市二模】
Netwrk-based technlgies have becme increasingly widespread, and they are nw being used by cuntless individuals, prfessinals, and businesses wrldwide. Despite their advantages, mst netwrk-based systems are highly at risk f malicius (恶意的) attacks.
The cnsequences f a malicius attack n netwrk-based systems can be extremely harmful. Fr instance, an attack n a pwer plant netwrk culd leave millins f individuals and ffices withut electricity, while attacks n scial media netwrks can lead t expsure f user infrmatin.
T vercme the weaknesses f netwrk-based systems, cmputer scientists wrldwide have been trying t develp advanced intrusin detectin systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that culd help t identify malicius attacks, increasing a netwrk’s safety. In recent years, machine learning (ML) algrithms (机器学习算法) have been fund t be particularly prmising fr autmatically detecting attacks and intrusins n a netwrk’s functining.
An imprtant step in the develpment and training f ML-based IDSs is the selectin f data features that a mdel can rely r fcus n when making predictins. Ideally, by analyzing large datasets, researchers shuld be able t identify the mst suitable features fr slving a given task using ML tls, and this can als be applied t intrusin detectin.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently develped a new feature selectin methd that culd enable the develpment f mre effective ML-based IDSs. This methd was fund t perfrm remarkably well when cmpared with ther cmmnly emplyed feature selectin techniques. Using the features they identified as mst imprtant fr intrusin detectin, the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based detectin system. This system was fund t be capable f distinguishing between DDS attacks and harmless netwrk signals with 99% accuracy.
In the future, the feature selectin methd develped by the researchers and their findings culd help the develpment f new, highly effective IDSs. In additin, the system they created using the features they identified culd be applied in real-wrld settings t detect malicius attacks n real netwrks.
12．What des paragraph 1 fcus n abut netwrk-based technlgies?
A．Their targeted users.B．Their ppularity.
C．Their ptential risk.D．Their advantages.
13．Hw can IDSs increase the safety f netwrks?
A．By tracking malicius attacks.
B．By starting anti-virus prgrams.
C．By srting ut user infrmatin.
D．By recgnizing malicius attacks.
14．What is the key t the develpment f ML-based IDSs?
A．Slving given tasks.B．Selecting reliable data features.
C．Making accurate predictins.D．Analyzing large enugh datasets.
15．What’s the purpse f the text?
A．T intrduce a new technique fr IDSs.
B．T prmte netwrk-based technlgies.
C．T raise peple’s awareness f netwrk safety.
D．T discuss ways t deal with malicius attacks.
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了IDSs (入侵检测系统)相关技术和发展。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Despite their advantages, mst netwrk-based systems are highly at risk f malicius (恶意的) attacks. (尽管它们具有优势，但大多数基于网络的系统都很容易受到恶意攻击。)”可知，本段主要想要指出系统都很容易受到恶意攻击，即具有潜在的风险。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“T vercme the weaknesses f netwrk-based systems, cmputer scientists wrldwide have been trying t develp advanced intrusin detectin systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that culd help t identify malicius attacks, increasing a netwrk’s safety. (为了克服基于网络的系统的弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，该系统能够识别恶意攻击，提高安全性。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“An imprtant step in the develpment and training f ML-based IDSs is the selectin f data features that a mdel can rely r fcus n when making predictins. (开发和训练基于ML的IDS的一个重要步骤是选择模型在进行预测时可以依赖或关注的数据特征。)”可知，选择可依赖的数据特征是该系统的重要核心步骤。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“T vercme the weaknesses f netwrk-based systems, cmputer scientists wrldwide have been trying t develp advanced intrusin detectin systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that culd help t identify malicius attacks, increasing a netwrk’s safety. (为了克服基于网络的系统的弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，本文主要为了介绍IDSs (入侵检测系统)。故选A项。
14.【2023届山西省大同市高三下学期5月三模】
The impact f the man-made climate crisis n Antarctica is scientifically undeniable: stable ice shelves are retreating, air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius. krill(磷虾)numbers are declining, melting ice is cntributing t sea level rise, and plar bears and seals are getting displaced. “Antarctic bidiversity culd decline substantially by the end f the century if we cntinue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead authr f the University f Queensland study says.
Published in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy, the study finds ppulatin declines are likely fr 65% f the cntinent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100. The mst vulnerable(脆弱的)species is the Emperr penguins. In Octber 2022, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperr penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act(ESA), as experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26% t 47% dip in its ppulatin by 2050. “This listing reflects the grwing extinctin crisis and highlights the imprtance f the ESA and effrts t cnserve species befre ppulatin declines becme irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service Directr Martha Williams at the time.
Aside frm Emperr penguins, ther Antarctic specialists, like the Adélie penguin and dry sil nematdes, were als highly vulnerable. We urgently need a cmbinatin f glbal and lcal cnservatin actin t best cnserve Antarctic species. Glbal actin and glbal vices t help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat t Antarctica is cming frm utside f it. And then we need lcal actins t help prtect bidiversity against lcal threats and give them the best chance f adapting t climate changes. This will help t save ur icnic(代表性的)species like the Emperr penguins and all f Antarctica’s unique and highly adapted inhabitants. It will als help humankind, as we rely heavily n the priceless services the Antarctic prvides in regulating ur climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.
12．What can we learn frm Paragraph 1?
A．The impact f climate crisis is usually denied.
B．Cnservatin effrts are badly needed.
C．Air temperature n Antarctic increases 3℃ annually.
D．Sea level rise results in seabirds lsing their habitats.
13．Why is the Emperr penguin mentined in Paragraph 2?
A．T serve as a call t prtect wildlife n Antarctic
B．T reflect the grwing ppulatin f wild species.
C．T prve the effectiveness f the Endangered Species Act.
D．T highlight the severe impact f rising temperature.
14．What is prbably the best cnservatin plicy?
A．Reducing the chances f making a trip t Antarctic.
B．Making jint effrts t relieve climate change.
C．Attempting t prvide essential nutrients t the ecsystem.
D．Cntinuing t carry frward the Endangered Species Act.
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Plants and Wildlife n Antarctica Will Decline Quickly
B．Antarctic Species Are Vulnerable t Human Threats
C．Mre Actin Shuld Be Taken t Prtect Wildlife n Antarctica
D．The Best Cnservatin Strategy Will Be Carried Out Sn
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是研究发现，到2100年，南极洲65%的植物和野生动物将减少，现有的保护工作不足以保护南极生态系统，我们迫切需要结合全球行动，以最好地保护南极物种。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Antarctic bidiversity culd decline substantially by the end f the century if we cntinue with business as usual.(如果我们继续照常营业，到本世纪末，南极生物多样性可能会大幅下降。)”可知，这样继续下去，南极的生物多样性会急剧下降，由此可推知， 保护工作是迫切需要的。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““This listing reflects the grwing extinctin crisis and highlights the imprtance f the ESA and effrts t cnserve species befre ppulatin declines becme irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service Directr Martha Williams at the time.( “这一名单反映了日益严重的物种灭绝危机，凸显了ESA的重要性，以及在种群数量下降不可逆转之前保护物种的努力。”当时的服务主管玛莎·威廉姆斯说。)”可知， 气候变化正在对世界各地的物种产生深远影响，帝企鹅列人名单是一个行动号召，来保护南极洲野生动物。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We urgently need a cmbinatin f glbal and lcal cnservatin actin t best cnserve Antarctic species. Glbal actin and glbal vices t help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat t Antarctica is cming frm utside f it.(我们迫切需要全球和地方保护行动相结合，以最好地保护南极物种。全球行动和全球声音帮助缓解气候变化——因为南极洲面临的最大威胁来自外部。)”可知，我们迫切需要结合全球和地方保护行动，这有助于缓解气候变化。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据首段中的““Antarctic bidiversity culd decline substantially by the end f the century if we cntinue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead authr f the University f Queensland study says.(“如果我们继续一切照旧，到本世纪末，南极的生物多样性可能会大幅下降。”昆士兰大学这项研究的主要作者Jasmine Rachael Lee说。)”引出本文讲述的话题，根据第二段中的“Published in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy, the study finds ppulatin declines are likely fr 65% f the cntinent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100.(这项发表在《公共科学图书馆生物学》杂志上的研究发现，到2100年，非洲大陆65%的植物和野生动物的数量可能会下降。)”可知，研究发现，到2100年, 南极洲65%的植物和野生动物将减少，结合下文中对这一研究发现以及对解决这一问题的迫切性的分析可知，本文主要讲述的事一项研究发现，要采取更多的行动来保护南极的野生物种，所以文本的题目为“应采取更多行动保护南极洲的野生动植物”与文章内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题。故选C项。
15.【2023届山西省大同市高三下学期5月三模】
Every music therapist has a wealth f stries abut that beautiful musical mment when art and science cme tgether t create an awareness. an accmplishment, a breakthrugh. I want t share highlights f music therapy, which helped my family find utlets and insights thrugh ur “extremely painful jurney”.
My father, Je Altman lived his life with strength and determinatin. As cmplicatins assciated with diabetes diminished his physical capabilities, his unbeatable will t fight the disease cmpletely hammered away. A WW II Navy Seal, Je Altman lived by a simple rule: when yu get t the end f yur rpe, tie a knt (结) and hang n.
When dementia struck hard and vilently brke thrugh Dad’s spirit, music therapist Alessandr Ricciarelli entered his life. Armed with six strings attached t a wden guitar, Alessandr surpassed (超过) the capabilities f the mst advanced medical technlgy.
Each time Alessandr walked thrugh the dr, an invisible wall frmed arund them, creating a cmfrtable space in which a trusting bnd f friendship wuld quickly frm. Alessandr brught with him happiness, encuragement, added a sense f meaning and purpse t Dad’s life, and, in ding s revived (使复原) his spirit. In a mst gentle way, Alessandr treated Je with the greatest dignity and respect.
Alessandr’s actin was nt limited t actual hspital visits; he tk persnal time t learn sngs that were relevant t Dad and made recrdings f their sessins tgether t be enjyed at any given time. Alessandr appreciated the pwer f psitive thughts, and with his kind wrds, a smile, cmpassin (同情), and a true desire t make Dad happy, he encuraged Dad’s participatin, leaving us with cherished memries f my father having ne last chance t express himself thrugh music, smiling and enjying life.
In a very real sense, Alessandr was that knt at the end f the rpe n t which Dad grabbed. I am frever grateful t the Music Therapy Prgramme at NYU Medical Centre, mre specifically, t Mr. Alessandr Ricciarelli.
4．What des the underlined wrd “diminished” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Imprved.B．Replaced.C．Weakened.D．Develped.
5．What can be knwn abut the authr’s father?
A．He used t serve in the army.B．He lived a very easy life.
C．He was a superman in physical strength.D．He was gd at music when yung.
6．What kind f persn des the authr cnsider Alessandr t be?
A．Curageus.B．Strng-willed.C．Open-minded.D．Devted.
7．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T express gratitude t a music therapist.B．T call n peple t treat patients kindly.
C．T discuss ways f imprving musical skills.D．T warn readers against develping illness.
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者父亲的痴呆症来袭并猛烈地击垮父亲的精神时，音乐治疗师亚历山德罗·里恰雷利（Alessandr Ricciarelli）用音乐给他们留下了爸爸最后一次通过音乐表达自己的珍贵回忆，微笑着享受生活，对此作者表示感谢。
4．词义猜测题。根据该词前面的“As cmplicatins assciated with diabetes (由于与糖尿病相关的并发症)”以及后面内容“his unbeatable will t fight the disease cmpletely hammered away. (他与疾病作斗争的不可战胜的意志被彻底磨灭了。)”可知，造成父亲抗击疾病一直消失的原因应是与糖尿病相关的并发症“削弱”了作者父亲的身体能力，所以此该单词的意思应是“削弱”符合语境。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“A WW II Navy Seal, Je Altman lived by a simple rule: when yu get t the end f yur rpe, tie a knt and hang n.(作为一名二战海豹突击队队员，乔·奥特曼遵循着一条简单的规则：当你走到绳子的尽头时，打个结，坚持住。)”可知，作者的父亲曾在军队服役。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Alessandr’s actin was nt limited t actual hspital visits; he tk persnal time t learn sngs that were relevant t Dad and made recrdings f their sessins tgether t be enjyed at any given time. ( Alessandr的行动并不局限于实际的医院探访；他会花时间学习与父亲有关的歌曲，并将这些歌曲录制下来，以便在任何时候欣赏。)”可知，Alessandr先生为父亲付出很多，可判断，Alessandr是一个很有奉献精神的人。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“In a very real sense, Alessandr was that knt at the end f the rpe n t which Dad grabbed. I am frever grateful t the Music Therapy Prgramme at NYU Medical Centre, mre specifically, t Mr. Alessandr Ricciarelli. (在一个非常真实的意义上，亚历山德罗是爸爸抓住的绳子末端的结。我永远感谢纽约大学医学中心的音乐治疗项目，更具体地说，感谢Alessandr Ricciarelli先生。)”可知，作者对音乐治疗项目深表感谢，尤其是Alessandr Ricciarelli先生为父亲做出的一切非常感激，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是表达对音乐治疗师的感激之情。故选A项。
16.【2023届浙江省精诚联盟三模】
Almst every year since she was a child, Hkkaid resident Nami has lked frward t her family’s traditinal Christmas meal: a KFC “party barrel” filled with salad, cake and lts f fried chicken.
“In Japan, it is custmary t eat chicken at Christmas,” says the 30-smething Japanese wman. Nami and her family are far frm the nly Japanese residents wh enjy KFC fr Christmas dinner. Accrding t figures released by the American fast-fd chain, KFC Japan pulled in 6.9 billin yen (rughly $63 millin) frm December 20 t 25 in 2018, with lines ut the dr starting n December 23. Every year, their busiest day is usually December 24, n which they usually sell abut five t 10 times mre than typical days.
Japan is a cuntry where less than 1% f the ppulatin identifies as Christian — and in the 1970s many peple didn’t have established family Christmas traditins. That’s where KFC — then knwn as Kentucky Fried Chicken — came in. The cmpany launched its “Kentucky fr Christmas” marketing campaign in 1974 and the first versin f the party barrels sn fllwed. With a substantial advertising investment, KFC managed t capture the imaginatin f Japanese diners and create a natinal phenmenn.
“The festive cmmercials are what initially made me want t try t eat KFC fr Christmas,” says Nami. But saying such lasting success nly arising frm smart advertising wuldn’t be ttally fair — it can als be attributed t KFC’s harmny with existing cultural nrms. Fr instance, the traditin f sharing a big “party barrel” f fried chicken, salad and cake fits neatly int Japanese dining culture. “Being able t share fd is an imprtant scial practice in Japan. A bucket f fried chicken fulfills this desire t eat tgether,” Nami says.
Fr Nami, it’s nt a traditin she plans t give up anytime sn. “I have n children nw,” she says. “But this is a traditin my family hpes t cntinue in the future.”
24．Why des the authr mentin several figures in the secnd paragraph?
A．T shw hw Nami likes KFC．B．T shw the ppularity f KFC in Japan.
C．T shw the success f KFC．D．T indicate Japan’s Christmas traditin.
25．What made Nami begin t eat KFC at Christmas?
A．Friends’ recmmendatin.B．Advertisements abut KFC．
C．Her family traditin.D．The delicius taste.
26．What is the rted reasn fr KFC’s ppularity in Japan?
A．KFC adapting t Japan’s culture.B．Smart Advertising.
C．Cnvenient delivery.D．Attractive price.
27．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Fast Fd — KFC’s DevelpmentB．KFC Successfully Fits int Japan
C．KFC — Christmas Traditin in JapanD．Japanese Peple Like Fried Chicken
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章从日本女性Nami的视角介绍了日本人在圣诞节食用KFC的传统，并分析了这一传统形成的原因。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中Nami的话“In Japan, it is custmary t eat chicken at Christmas（在日本，人们习惯在圣诞节吃鸡肉）”和“Accrding t figures released by the American fast-fd chain, KFC Japan pulled in 6.9 billin yen (rughly $63 millin) frm December 20 t 25 in 2018, with lines ut the dr starting n December 23. Every year, their busiest day is usually December 24, n which they usually sell abut five t 10 times mre than typical days.（根据这家美国快餐连锁店发布的数据，2018年12月20日至25日，肯德基日本公司的收入为69亿日元（约合6300万美元），从12月23日开始排队。每年，他们最忙的一天通常是12月24日，这一天他们的销售额通常是平时的5到10倍。）”可知，作者先通过引述Nami的话呈现本段落的中心句，然后列举了2018年圣诞节期间KFC的销售量，并与平时的KFC的销售量进行对比，从而支撑中心句。因此，作者提到数字的目的在于表明日本人在圣诞节吃鸡肉的传统。故选D项。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段中Nami的话“The festive cmmercials are what initially made me want t try t eat KFC fr Christmas（节日广告最初让我想在圣诞节吃KFC）”可知，Nami正是因为受到KFC广告的影响才开始在圣诞节吃KFC。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“… it can als be attributed t KFC’s harmny with existing cultural nrms. Fr instance, the traditin f sharing a big “party barrel” f fried chicken, salad and cake fits neatly int Japanese dining culture.（……这也可以归因于KFC与现有文化传统的融洽。例如，分享大大的派对炸鸡桶、沙拉和蛋糕传统正好符合日本的饮食文化。）”可知，KFC能够在日本受到欢迎的真正深层次的原因应该是KFC适应了日本分享的文化传统。故选A项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要从日本女性Nami的视角介绍了日本人在圣诞节食用KFC的传统，并分析了这一传统形成的原因。因此，C项“KFC——日本的圣诞传统”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
17.【2023届重庆市高三第一次联合诊断检测】
Clse t a century ag, New Yrk’s Cney Island was famed fr its sideshws (杂耍). Eye-catching signs crwded the island’s attractins, shwing ff circus shws, swrd swallwers—and even an exhibitin f tiny babies.
The babies were premature nes kept alive in incubatrs (婴儿保育箱) pineered by Dr. Martin Cuney. The medical establishment had rejected his incubatrs, but Dr. Cuney didn’t give up n his aims. Starting in 1896, he funded his wrk by displaying the babies and charging 25 cents t see the shw. In return, parents didn’t have t pay fr Dr. Cuney’s incubatrs, and many children survived wh wuld never have had a chance therwise.
Brn in 12, Lucille Hrn ended up in an incubatr n Cney Island. She’d been brn a twin, but her twin died at birth. And the hspital staff tld her father that there wasn’t a chance she’d live. “It was just: Yu die because yu didn’t belng in the wrld,” Hrn says. But her father refused t accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket t wrap her in, called a taxi, and tk her t Cney Island—and t Dr. Cuney’s infant (婴幼儿) exhibit.
Years later, Hrn decided t return t see the babies—this time as a visitr. When she tk the pprtunity t intrduce herself, Dr. Cuney went ver t a man wh was uneasily lking at his small infant. “Lk at this yung lady,” Dr. Cuney tld the man. “She’s ne f ur babies. And that’s hw yur baby’s gnna grw up.”
Hrn was just ne f thusands f premature infants that Dr. Cuney cared fr and displayed at amusement parks until the 194s. He died in 1950, shrtly after incubatrs like his were intrduced in mst hspitals. At the time, Dr. Cuney’s effrts were largely unknwn—but at least ne persn will never frget him. “Ninety-six years later, here I am, all in ne piece. And I’m thankful t be here,” Hrn says.
4．What can we learn abut Dr. Cuney’s incubatr?
A．It pushed medical science frward.B．It was the mst famus sideshw.
C．It saved many premature babies.D．It charged each infant 25 cents.
5．Why was Hrn taken t Dr. Cuney’s infant exhibit?
A．She belnged in nwhere else but Cney Island.
B．It was the nly place where she might survive.
C．The hspital staff lacked the patience t care fr her.
D．Her father refused t accept the death f her twin sister.
6．What is the purpse f Dr. Cuney’s wrds in Paragraph 4?
A．T relieve the man’s anxiety.B．T intrduce the lady t the man.
C．T prmise the baby’s bright future.D．T explain the functin f the incubatr.
7．What shuld we learn frm Dr. Cuney’s stry?
A．Medical knwledge.B．Earning pwer.
C．Persuasive techniques.D．Flexible mind.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。讲述了19世纪90年代Dr. Cuney在科尼岛的游乐场里展出保育箱，游客花25美分可以观看保育箱中展示的早产婴儿，Dr. Cuney以这种方式拯救了许多早产儿的生命，Lucille Hrn就是其中一个。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“The babies were premature nes kept alive in incubatrs(婴儿保育箱)pineered by Dr. Martin Cuney.”（这些婴儿都是早产儿，在Martin Cuney首创的婴儿保育箱中存活。）和“many children survived wh never wuld have had a chance therwise”（许多孩子活了下来，否则他们永远不会有机会）可知，Dr. Martin Cuney的婴儿保育箱使许多早产儿得以存活。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Brn in 12, Lucille Hrn ended up in an incubatr n Cney Island. ”（Lucille Hrn出生于12年，在科尼岛的一个婴儿保育箱中长大。）可知，Hrn最终在保育箱中存活下来；由第三段“And the hspital staff tld her father that there wasn’t a chance she’d live”（医院的工作人员告诉她父亲，她已经没有活下去的机会了。）和“But her father refused t accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket t wrap her in, called a taxi, and tk her t Cney Island—and t Dr. Cuney’s infant exhibit.”（但是她的父亲拒绝接受这个回答，他拿了一条毯子把她裹起来，叫了一辆出租车，带她去了科尼岛，以及Dr. Cuney的婴儿展览。）可知，Hrn的父亲不接受医院的说法，所以带她去科尼岛Dr. Cuney的婴幼儿展览 ，可以推测这也是Hrn在当时情况下可能活下去的唯一希望了。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“a man wh was uneasily lking at his small infant.”（一个男人不安地看着他的小婴儿。）和Dr. Cuney的话语“She’s ne f ur babies. And that’s hw yur baby’s gnna grw up.”（她是我们的孩子。你的孩子就会这样长大。）可知，Dr. Cuney用成活的早产儿Hrn作例子来安慰这位焦虑的父亲，缓解他不安的情绪。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“The medical establishment had rejected his incubatrs, but Dr. Cuney didn’t give up n his aims. Starting in 1896, he funded his wrk by displaying the babies and charging 25 cents t see the shw.”（医疗机构拒绝了他的保育箱，但Cuney没有放弃自己的目标。从1896年开始，他通过展示婴儿和收取25美分的费用来资助他的工作。）可知，Dr. Cuney在被医疗机构拒绝的情况下没有放弃，而是灵活改变方法，以实现自己的目标；同时，由第三段“But her father refused t accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket t wrap her in, called a taxi, and tk her t Cney Island—and t Dr. Cuney’s infant exhibit.”（但是她的父亲拒绝接受这个回答，他拿了一条毯子把她裹起来，叫了一辆出租车，带她去了科尼岛，以及Dr. Cuney的婴儿展览。）可知，孩子的父亲在医院给出孩子无法存活的回答后，没有放弃，而是选择去Cuney的婴幼儿展览，最终让孩子得以存活长大。这都说明了做事情要有灵活的思维，多想办法，以实现自己的目标。故选D。
18.【湖北省十堰市部分重点中学2022-2023学年高二3月联考】
The idea that red means stp and green means g has impacted ur lives in mre ways than just traffic signals. We have been taught frm a yung age that the clr red means danger and green means it’s kay t mve frward. But why were thse particular clrs chsen fr traffic lights in the first place? Fr smething we have t lk at every day, why culdn’t they have been prettier clrs like magenta and purple?
Well, it’s imprtant t knw that befre traffic lights fr cars even became a thing, there were traffic signals fr trains. At first, railrad cmpanies used red t means tp, white t mean g, and green t mean cautin. As yu culd imagine, train cnductrs ran int a few prblems with white meaning g. Fr instance, ne train cnductr mistk a bright star fr a white light and thught he was all clear. Well, as yu can imagine, an accident ccurred. Because f cmmn incidents like that, railway cmpanies eventually prpsed green meaning g, and it’s been that way ever since.
As far as red ges, that’s always been a clr that indicated danger, lng befre cars were even arund. This mst likely started because it’s the clr with the lngest wavelength s it can be seen frm a greater distance than ther clrs.
As far as yellw ges, it was used t cautin drivers because it has a slightly shrter wavelength than red, but nt as shrt as green.
But, believe it r nt, yellw was nce used t means tp the flw f traffic, at least as far assigns g. Back in the 1900s, sme stp signs were yellw because it was t hard t see a red sign in a prly lit area. Eventually, materials were develped that were highly reflective and red stp signs were brn. Since yellw can be seen well at all times f the day, schl znes, sme traffic signs, and schl buses cntinue t be painted yellw.
12．What des the underlined wrd “clear” mean in the secnd Paragraph?
A．Withut dubt.B．Easy t understand.C．Cludless in the sky.D．Free frm dangers.
13．Which f the fllwing clrs has the lngest wave?
A．Purple.B．Yellw.C．White.D．Red.
14．Which f the fllwing events came last?
A．Traffic signals fr trains came int being.
B．Railway incidents happened frequently.
C．Yellw is widely used fr its special character.
D．Railway cmpanies chse green meaning g.
15．What’s the purpse f the authr’s writing this passage?
A．T entertain.B．T infrm.C．T persuade.D．T advertise.
【答案】12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了交通灯为什么是红黄绿色，以及这几种颜色的演变。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“As yu culd imagine, train cnductrs ran int a few prblems with white meaning g. Fr instance, ne train cnductr mistk a bright star fr a white light and thught he was all clear. Well, as yu can imagine, an accident ccurred. (你可以想象，火车售票员在使用白色意思是通行的时侯遇到了一些问题。例如，一个列车员把一颗明亮的星星误认为是一盏白光，以为一切都clear了。你可以想象，一场事故发生了。)”及语境可推测clear为“安全的”，即：列车员把一颗明亮的星星误认为是一盏白光，以为一切都安全了，就正常通行，不想却酿成了事故，故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“As far as red ges, that’s always been a clr that indicated danger, lng befre cars were even arund. This mst likely started because it’s the clr with the lngest wavelength s it can be seen frm a greater distance than ther clrs. (就红色而言，早在汽车出现之前，它就一直是一种表示危险的颜色。这很可能是因为它是波长最长的颜色，所以它比其他颜色可以从更远的距离看到。)”可知红色波长最长，故选D。
14．细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句“Well, it’s imprtant t knw that befre traffic lights fr cars even became a thing, there were traffic signals fr trains. (嗯，重要的是要知道，在汽车交通信号灯出现之前，就有火车交通信号灯了。)”和第二段最后一句“Because f cmmn incidents like that, railway cmpanies eventually prpsed green meaning g, and it’s been that way ever since. (由于这类事件屡见不鲜，铁路公司最终提出了“绿色通行”，并一直沿用至今。)”及最后一段“Since yellw can be seen well at all times f the day, schl znes, sme traffic signs, and schl buses cntinue t be painted yellw. (由于黄色在一天中的任何时候都很明显，所以学校区域、一些交通标志和校车继续被漆成黄色。)”，再结合各个选项，可知C选项“黄色因其特殊的特性而被广泛使用。”是最后发生的，故选C。
15．推理判断题。 通读全文，尤其第一段“The idea that red means stp and green means g has impacted ur lives in mre ways than just traffic signals. We have been taught frm a yung age that the clr red means danger and green means it’s kay t mve frward. But why were thse particular clrs chsen fr traffic lights in the first place? (红色代表停车，绿色代表通行的想法影响了我们的生活，而不仅仅是交通信号。我们从小就被教导，红色意味着危险，绿色意味着可以前进。但是为什么交通灯一开始会选择这些特定的颜色呢？ )”可推测作者的目的就是告诉我们交通灯为什么是红黄绿色，以及这几种颜色的演变，故选B。
真题感知
1.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
5. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
6. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
7. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
5. B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther, resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
6. D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn. D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce, that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
7. A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。
2.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
10．Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A．T jin the skatebarding.B．T make new friends.
C．T learn mre tricks.D．T relive his childhd days
【答案】10．D
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a lcal here 20 years ag," I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Suthbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
3.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28．What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.B．Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C．Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D．Reducing garbage n the beach.
29．Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B．T explain why they are useful.
C．T vice his views n mdern art.
D．T find a substitute fr them.
【答案】28．C29．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Trucklad f Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Vn Wng通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（Benjamin Vn Wng）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
4.D【2021·全国新高考I卷】
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
33．Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A．T explain a rule.B．T clarify a cncept.
C．T present a fact.D．T make a predictin.
34．What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A．Favrable.B．Intlerant.
C．Dubtful.D．Unclear.
【答案】33．B34．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
33．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. …The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
5.D【2021·全国新高考II卷】
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags (标签) n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture (质地) f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as cm and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
14．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A．He wants t help them earn a living.B．He thinks men can d the jb better.
C．He is inexperienced in using rbts.D．He enjys the traditinal way f life.
【答案】14．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
6.D【2021·北京卷】
Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．
32．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
A．present an assumptinB．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experimentD．intrduce an apprach
【答案】32．D
【解析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“What if ur definitin f time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题“What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy, we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。
7. C【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
11．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce a bk.B．T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C．T remember a writer.D．T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【答案】11．A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
8. A【2020·天津卷】
Hw t Use a Mdern Public Library
Has it been a while since yur last visit t a public library? If s, yu may be surprised t learn that libraries have changed fr the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rms with bks. They have transfrmed themselves int places where yu can develp yur lve f knwledge meet interesting peple, r find ut hw t start a business.
Check ut a bk. While libraries still lan ut(出借)bks, yu’ll find it easier t get a cpy f whatever yu’re lking fr, thanks t a cperative netwrk f area libraries. Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks with each ther thrugh the use f delivery vehicles. Once the bk yu’ve requested is delivered t the nearest branch, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.
Check ut ther items. The library is nw a multimedia zne, laded with infrmatin in many frmats(载体形式). Yu can brrw mvies n DVDs, music n CDs, and ppular magazines. Sme libraries even lan ut tys and games. If a ppular magazine yu want isn’t ffered and the library keeps a list f such requests, they may bring it in when enugh interest is shwn.
Jin targeted reading grups. Libraries will ften hld reading-grup sessins targeted t varius age grups. Perhaps yu’d like t learn a language r imprve yur English. The library may spnsr a language grup yu culd jin. If yu have difficulties reading, ask abut special reading pprtunities. Yur library might be able t accmmdate yu. And yu might find it relaxing t bring yur small kid t a half-hur Stry Time while yu sit quietly in a crner with a gd bk.
Start a business using the help f yur lcal library. If yu want t have a business f yur wn, yur lcal library can becme a launch space fr it. In library bks and cmputers, yu can find infrmatin n starting a business. Many libraries will help yu with lcally supplied infrmatin abut business management shared thrugh chambers f cmmerce(商会)and gvernment agencies, and they will ffer printing, faxing and database services yu need.
40．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T pint ut the imprtance f public libraries.
B．T encurage peple t wrk in public libraries.
C．T intrduce the imprved services f public libraries.
D．T call fr the mdernizatin f public library systems.
【答案】40．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何使用改造升级后现代公共图书馆。
40．推理判断题。根据文章标题Hw t Use a Mdern Public Library（如何使用一个现代公共图书馆）和第一段中的“yu may be surprised t learn that libraries have changed fr the better. They have transfrmed themselves int places where yu can develp yur lve f knwledge meet interesting peple, r find ut hw t start a business.（你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有趣的人，或者发现如何创业）。再结合几个小标题：Check ut a bk（借一本书）； Check ut ther items（借其他物品）；Jin targeted reading grups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；Start a business using the help f yur lcal library（在当地图书馆的帮助下创业）可知，本文主要介绍了在经过改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什么，即：经过改善后的图书馆可以给人们提供什么服务。故选C。
9. D【2020·天津卷】
After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges (驱策力) cunt fr much mre that ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn’t have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd. And the crwd desires restful average. It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
Mst f us meet new peple, and new ideas, with hesitatin. But nce having met and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance. We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged. I think f ne friend wh culdn’t arrange flwers t satisfy herself. She was curius abut hw the experts did it. Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.
One way t begin is t answer yur wn excuses. Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne. Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while cking. Yu’re t ld? Remember that Thmas Cstain was 57 when he published his first nvel, and that Grandma Mses shwed her first pictures when she was 78.
Hwever yu start, remember there is n better time t start than right nw, fr yu’ll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
51．In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A．prpse a definitin
B．make a cmparisn
C．reach a cnclusin
D．present an argument
【答案】51．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
10. D【2020·江苏卷】
I was in the middle f the Amazn (亚马逊) with my wife, wh was there as a medical researcher. We flew n a small plane t a faraway village. We did nt speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms, and mre ften than nt, did nt entirely recgnize the fd. We culd nt have felt mre freign.
We were raised n bks and cmputers, highways and cell phnes, but nw we were living in a village withut running water r electricity It was easy fr us t g t sleep at the end f the day feeling a little misunderstd.
Then ne perfect Amaznian evening, with mnkeys calling frm beynd the village green, we played sccer. I am nt gd at sccer, but that evening it was wnderful. Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly. As darkness came ver the field and the match ended, the gal keeper, Juan, walked ver t me and said in a matter-f-fact way, “In yur hme, d yu have a mn t?” I was surprised.
After I explained t Juan that yes, we did have a mn and yes, it was very similar t his, I felt a srt f awe (敬畏) at the pssibilities that existed in his wrld. In Juan’s wrld, each village culd have its wn mn. In Juan’s wrld. the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus. Anything was pssible.
In ur sciety, we knw that Earth has nly ne mn. We have lked at ur planet frm every angle and fund all f the wildest things left t find. I can, frm my cmputer at hme, pull up satellite images f Juan’s village. There are n mre cntinents and n mre mns t search fr, little left t discver. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thught abut Juan’s questin, I was nt sure hw much mre we culd really rule ut. I am, in part, an ant bilgist, s my thughts turned t what we knw abut insect life and I knew that much in the wrld f insects remains unknwn. Hw much, thugh? Hw ignrant (无知的) are we? The questin f what we knw and d nt knw cnstantly bthered me.
I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new mnkey, new spider…, and n and n they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species, fur hundred species f bacteria fund in the human stmach. The secnd drawer began t fill and as it did I wndered whether there were bigger discveries ut there, nt just species, but life that depends n things thught t be useless, life even withut DNA．I started a third drawer fr these big discveries. It fills mre slwly, but all the same, it fills.
In lking int the stries f bilgical discvery, I als began t find smething else, a cllectin f scientists, usually brilliant ccasinally half-mad, wh made the discveries. Thse scientists very ften see the same things that ther scientists see, but they pay mre attentin t them, and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin (穷尽), and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers. In lking fr the stries f discvery, I fund the stries f these peple and hw their lives changed ur view f the wrld.
We are repeatedly willing t imagine we have fund mst f what is left t discver. We used t think that insects were the smallest rganisms (生物), and that nthing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when smething new turns up, mre ften than nt, we d nt even knw its name.
68．What was the authr’s initial purpse f cllecting newspaper articles?
A．T srt ut what we have knwn.
B．T deepen his research int Amaznians.
C．T imprve his reputatin as a bilgist.
D．T learn mre abut lcal cultures.
【答案】68．A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
68．推理判断题。根据第七段“I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new spider...,and n and n they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species started a third drawer fr these big discveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
考点
题型
推理判断之目的和意图
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
【2023年1月·浙江卷】
28．Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph? 【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
34．What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4? 【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
目的和意图
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
26.What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu? [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]B
28.What is the bk aimed at? [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]C
目的和意图
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
31.What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader? [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]C
目的和意图
[2023·全国甲卷]
29.Why des the authr list great philsphers in Paragraph 4? [2023·全国甲卷]C
目的和意图
[2023·全国乙卷]
33.What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in Paragraph 2? [2023·全国乙卷]D
目的和意图
2022
2022·新高考I卷
阅读B24.What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
目的和意图
2021
2021·英语全国甲卷
C篇30.10．Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
目的和意图
2021·全国高考乙卷
C篇29．Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
目的和意图
2021·全国新高考I
D篇33．Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
目的和意图
2021·全国新高考II卷
D篇34．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
目的和意图
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Date:28 May 2023 (Sunday) Time:8 a.m. t 5 : City Farm
GUIDED TOUR 9 a.m. r 3 p.m.
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