练习 专辑11 阅读理解推理判断之作者的写作态度 （教师版+学生版）

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1. 三年真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中作者的写作态度考查了4次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断作者的写作态度。作者的写作态度的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文章中作者对某事物的态度和看法；2.作者的态度一般分为三种：支持；反对；中立。
【备考策略】系统归类作者的写作态度的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中，推断作者的写作态度考查考生对作者基于文章某事的态度和看法，以达到和作者共鸣。因此，推断作者的写作态度的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。
【2024年高考命题预测】
推理判断之写作态度考点是高考中的常考点。作者发表文章总有自己的观点和主张，也会自然流露出对某事的态度。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题。预测在2024高考中，写作态度可能会在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之写作态度考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1.What is the authr’s attitude t
2. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude
3. The authr’s attitude twards may best be described as .
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supprtive(支持的)；psitive(积极的)；ptimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；irnic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappinted(失望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；bjective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the“wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases,the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent,the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist(转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they“shared arguments and reasned tgether.”Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
( )35.What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A.Unclear.
B.Dismissive.
C.Dubtful.
D.Apprving.
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
25．What was the attitude f the authr’s father tward buying grceries with jars?
A．He disapprved f it.B．He was favrable t it.
C．He was tlerant f it.D．He didn’t care abut it.
3.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
4.【2020·全国I】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.306
Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A．Skeptical.B．Objective.
C．Tlerant.D．Cnservative.
1.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
One summer midnight, standing utside a wden huse in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, I lked up. The sight f thusands f stars was almst enugh t make me, a nn-believer, ffer a wrd f gratitude up int the star-filled sky. But t whm? Perhaps t Jhan Eklf, authr f The Darkness Manifest.
A bat scientist, Eklf wrks in the night shadws in western Sweden. His wrk requires an abslute kind f darkness unplluted by light. But this categry f darkness is threatened. In the 1980s, Eklf tells readers, tw-thirds f the churches in Sweden hused bat caves. Nt any lnger. “Tday, this number has been reduced by a third due t light pllutin, because the churches all glw brightly in the night.” he writes.
We have all nticed it when driving thrugh any city at night. Empty places are fldlit. The night sky in Hng Kng is 1200 times brighter than an unlit ne. Citizens f sme large cities, writes Eklf, have never allwed their eyes t adapt t true night visin. But we are nly nw beginning t understand the effects.
T much light is incredibly destructive t the cmplex ec-systems many animals inhabit. It scares away the bats that Eklf studies; reef fish eggs g unhatched; birds frget t even sing.
S hw can we deal with the t much light? In 2019, France passed laws limiting hw much light can be sent int the sky. In Vienna, Austria, the city’s lights are turned ff at 11 p.m. Sme measures, like artificial lights that d nt reflect light upward, are already within ur grasp. “We culd just turn it all ff, but I guess we dn’t want t, because darkness is nt safe fr everyne.” said Eklf in a recent interview. “S it’s vital we find a middle way.”
Right nw, it’s hard t knw what that middle way might lk like. In 50 years, every city culd be lit by envirnmentally lw-impact lights, r we might have cmpletely frgtten what darkness is — the sky filled with little mns.
8．What d we knw abut Eklfs wrk?
A．It reduces light pllutin.B．It fcuses n stars and sky.
C．It strengthens peple’s belief.D．It requires a specific cnditin.
9．What can replace the underlined “it” in meaning in paragraph 3?
A．Darkness.B．An unlit city.
C．Fldlighting.D．The night sky.
10．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly abut regarding light pllutin?
A．Cause and damage.B．Effect and slutin.
C．Cnsequence and disadvantage.D．Analysis and ptential.
11．What is the writer’s attitude tward lighting management?
A．Balanced.B．Negative.C．Unclear.D．Cnservative.
2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
All human languages use vwels and cnsnants (元音和辅音) t express ideas. Mst primates (灵长类) cmmunicate almst using vwel-like calls, but nn-human great apes (猿), like chimpanzees, prduce cnsnant-like sunds t varying degrees. This raises the questin f where cnsnants came frm, says Adrian Lameira at the University f Warwick. T find it ut, he studied existing literature t see hw cmmn cnsnants are amng the great apes.
He fund that rangutans (猩猩), which spend mst f their time in the trees, prduce a greater number and variety f cnsnant sunds than grillas and chimpanzees living n the grund. “Orangutans have rich sunds like kiss sunds, scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. They typically use these sunds while building nests r cmmencing with their yung.
Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are exprts at prcessing prtected fds. Like nuts, which ften requires tls. While living in trees, hwever, rangutans must always use at least ne arm t maintain stability. They have therefre develped mre cmplex cntrl f their lips, tngues and jaws, allwing them t use their muths as a “fifth limb” rangutans can peel ranges just with lips, fr example.
This advanced mtr skill enables rangutans make cnsnant-like sunds, argues Lameira. This culd mean that ur early ancestrs develped cnsnant sunds while hanging arund in the trees, t. “There’s a grwing sense that ur dependency n trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.
The link between feeding and sunds desn’t apply t smaller tree-living primates like mnkeys, argues Lameira, because their size and tails make them mre stable n branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumptin wrth testing,” says Chris Petkv at Newcastle University, thugh he questins sme aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be ther reasns why cnsnants remain, which culd be tested by characterising cnsnant-like sunds mre systematically acrss species, he says.
12．What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Why vwels and cnsnants are used.B．What ideas the cnsnants express.
C．Where the cnsnants came frm.D．Hw cmmn the cnsnants are.
13．What fact can supprt Adrian Lamerica’s assumptin abut rangutans?
A．They build nests with their yung.B．They are skillful in emplying tls.
C．They shw stability in cntrlling arms.D．They gain advanced mtr skill f muths.
14．What can we infer frm Adrian Lameira’s findings?
A．Cnsnant sunds were made by ur earliest ancestrs.
B．Our ancestrs depended mre n trees than believed.
C．The link between feeding and sunds applies t mnkeys.
D．Mnkeys differ frm rangutans in eating habits.
15．What is Chris Petkv’s attitude t Adrian Lameira’s assumptin?
A．Oppsed.B．Puzzled.C．Cnfident.D．Cautius.
【备考实战方法】
把描述作者态度的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事实相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
【描写作者态度的形容词】（选项常用词）
ambitius有雄心的；undubted无怀疑的；indifferent冷漠的；uncnfident没信心的；uncaring不关心的；wrried担心的；satisfied满意的；cautius谨慎的；favrable赞同的；dubtful怀疑的；uninterested不感兴趣的；frightened 害怕的；puzzled迷惑不解的；cncerned关心的；happy高兴的；tlerant忍受的；sympathetic同情的； delighted高兴的；carefree无忧无虑的; 无牵挂的; 不负责任的；unclear不清楚的； ppsed反对的；appreciative adj.感激的; 感谢的; 欣赏的; 赏识的; suspicius adj.感觉可疑的; 怀疑的; 令人怀疑的; 可疑的; 不信任的; 持怀疑态度的；bjective adj.客观的; 就事论事的; 不带个人感情的; 客观存在的; 基于事实的; cnfused迷惑不解的；cnservative adj.保守的; 守旧的; (英国)保守党的；pessimistic悲观的； disapprving不同意的；ambiguus模棱两可的；dismissive adj. 拒绝的；轻蔑的，鄙视的；skeptical怀疑的。
【考场上的实用方法】
熟记这些作者态度的形容词，深刻理解每个词的含义。设想每个词可能的描述事实。这样我们在考试上，就能迅速找到正确答案。
【典例1】The time a persn spends n different smartphne apps is enugh t identify them frm a larger grup in mre than ne in three cases, say researchers.
Researchers analyzed smartphne data frm 780 peple. They fed 4,680 days f app usage data int statistical mdels. Each f these days was paired with ne f the 780 users s that the mdels learned peple’s daily app use patterns.
The researchers then tested whether mdels culd identify an individual when prvided with nly a single day f smartphne activity that was annymus (匿名的). The mdels, which were trained n nly six days f app usage data per persn, culd identify the crrect persn frm a day f annymus data ne third f the time.
That might nt sund like much, but when the mdels predict wh the data belnged t, it culd als prvide a list f the mst t the least likely candidates. It was pssible t view the tp 10 mst likely individuals that a specific day f data belnged t. Arund 75% f the time, the crrect user wuld be amng the tp 10 mst likely candidates.
In practical terms, a law enfrcement (执法机构) investigatin seeking t identify a criminal’s new phne with these mdels culd reduce a candidate pl f apprximately 1,000 phnes t 10 phnes, with a 25% risk f missing them.
Cnsequently, the researchers warn that sftware given access t a smartphne’s standard activity lgging culd make a reasnable predictin abut a user’s identity even when they were lgged-ut f their accunt. An identificatin is pssible withut mnitring cnversatins r behavirs within apps themselves.
Therefre, it is imprtant t acknwledge that app usage data alne, which is ften cllected by a smartphne autmatically, can ptentially reveal a persn’s identity. While prviding new pprtunities fr law enfrcement, it als pses risks t privacy if this type f data is misused.
【典例2】【河北省保定市部分学校联考】
New Zealand intrduced its new climate change curriculum (课程) t schls in January, but nt everyne is happy abut it. Dairy farmer Malclm Lumsden tld reprters, “If they're ging t cntinue t bite the hand that feeds them, they're ging t lse ut in the lng term.”
The curriculum, which is available t any schls that chse t use it, des pint t industrial agriculture as being a majr surce f greenhuse gas emissin. It encurages students t “eat less dairy and meat, have meatless days each week, eat mre fruit and vegetables, drive less, recycle and buy secnd-hand prducts when pssible”. Sme f these suggestins, hwever, are being challenged fr nt being scientifically sund.
But animal agriculture is widely accepted in the scientific wrld as a driver f emissins, particularly methane (甲烷), which warms the Earth 86 times faster than carbn dixide. A brand new study has shwn that cutting the cnsumptin f animal prducts by 50% wuld reduce dietary-related greenhuse gas emissins by 35%. It is just ne f cuntless ther studies that have made similar cnclusins.
Kids aren’t clueless (笨的). They hear abut the cming glbal catastrphe (灾难). They deserve t be given the tls with which t cmprehend it and t take actin. They deserve the knwledge with which t make their wn decisins. The curriculum is a respnse t kids “really crying ut fr smething like this”, in the wrds f an fficial frm New Zealand.
There isn't abut biting the hand that feeds, but rather engaging in thughtful debate ver hw humans culd be fed in ways that are better and gentler fr the planet. Livestck farmers shuldn't be s ffended, but rather be pen t this debate s as nt t becme utdated r irrelevant.
8．What's Lumsden's attitude twards the new curriculum?
A．Uncncerned.B．Disapprving.C．Ambiguus.D．Skeptical.
【典例3】【重庆市育才中学高三下学期二诊模拟考试（二）】
Vincent van Ggh (1853-1890), perhaps the mst famus artist in the wrld, is perceived by many as the “mad” artist. His artistic genius is ften vershadwed by thse wh see his paintings as nly visual expressins f his trubled mind. While in part this may be true, in reality his innvative and unique artistic style was f enrmus imprtance t a hst f artists wh fllwed in his wake. Even when penly influenced by his predecessrs r cntempraries (前辈或同辈), his art remained identifiably his wn, develping a distinctive style that failed t be accepted by the art-buying public in his wn time. The career f Vincent van Ggh as a painter was shrt, but his extrardinary bldness f his technique created masterpieces that exercise a prfund influence n the art f the twentieth century.
Althugh the artist’s first frmal jb after leaving schl was art-related, he did nt actually begin painting until years later. At 16, Vincent van Ggh entered an apprenticeship (学徒身份) at his uncle’s branch f Gupil & Cie, a Paris-based art dealership. The psitin invlved travel and certainly expsure t the cntemprary art f his day, but van Ggh wuld mve n t religius wrk and a bkseller befre prducing the first Van Ggh painting.
His earliest wrks, cmpleted frm 1881 thrugh 1883, reflect a new-cmer’s attentin t detail as well as hints f the new genius that wuld fully emerge in his later paintings. Althugh his sketches and waterclr drawings may, at first glance, seem tw-dimensinal and amateurish, they are fascinating in terms f their testament t the van Ggh’s early studies in Realism.
Vincent van Ggh prduced his first drawings while staying at his parents’ hme in Etten, the Netherlands, schled chiefly by bks n artistic technique. The artist restricted his first drawings t a black and white palette (调色板), believing mastery f this discipline t be essential befre attempting wrks in clr.
11．What is prbably the authr’s attitude twards Vincent van Ggh?
A．Appreciative.B．Suspicius.
C．Objective.D．Cnfused.
【典例4】【安徽省黄山市高中毕业班第二次质量检测】
Scientists have lng sught t prevent sharp memries frm dulling with age, but the prblem remains unsettled. Nw research published in Scientific Reprts suggests virtual reality might help lder peple recall facts and events based n specific details.
The study invlved 42 healthy lder adults frm the San Francisc Bay Area. Half spent a dzen hurs ver fur weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth; they wre headsets and walked in place, walking virtual neighbrhds while cmpleting small tasks. The ther half, in the cntrl grup, used electrnic tablets t play games that did nt require recalling details. After 15 sessins, the latter perfrmed rughly the same as befre n a lng-term memry test. But the Labyrinth players gain an imprvement in memry thrugh the VR game. A scientist Peter Wais f the University f Califrnia said the imprvements brught them up t the level f anther grup f yunger adults taking the same memry tests.
Meredith Thmpsn, an educatin researcher, studies learning thrugh VR games but was nt invlved in the new study. “It wuld be great t actually fllw peple ver time and see what this type f game des fr lng-term memry.” She says, adding VR can prvide greater invlvement than ther games. Wais’s team is nw investigating hw lng the bserved effects last and which elements f the training have the mst impact.
A cgnitive psychlgist, Daniel Simns, wh was als nt invlved in the study, ntes experiments with ther games that claim t train the brain have ften failed t evaluate this. And it remains unclear hw test perfrmance in a labratry setting might translate t real-wrld situatins. The utcme, Simns ntes, “needs t be repeated, ideally with a much larger grup, befre it’s treated as a strng finding.”
Fr nw, Wais says, the team hpes its studies with similar-sized grups will help draw funding t test the game in a larger pl f participants.
9．What is Meredith Thmpsn’s attitude t the research?
A．Uncaring.B．Cautius.C．Wrried.D．Satisfied.
1.【四川省德阳市高三高考适应性考试（二诊）】
After being attacked by Hurricane Ida’s 150 mph winds and trrential rains, hundreds f thusands f Gulf Cast residents were left withut pwer and fresh water this week as a 100-degree heat wave settled ver the regin. Ida smashed int Luisiana as a Categry 4 hurricane, ripping ff rfs, kncking ut transmissin lines, flding rads, and reducing sme brick buildings in dwntwn New Orleans t rubble. At least eight peple died in the strm and the tll is expected t rise as emergency wrkers search wrecked hmes and businesses.
One f the mst pwerful hurricanes t ever hit the U.S. mainland, Ida brught a 5 t 12-ft strm surge that cvered lw-lying cmmunities in sutheastern Luisiana. Grand Isle is nw “uninhabitable,” said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet f sand cvering the entire barrier island and 40 percent f the buildings cmpletely destryed.
The strm caused a citywide blackut in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrina-level disaster was avided there, thanks in part t the $ 14.5 billin spent n new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 strm. Experts are warning that Ida culd wrsen the Cvid crisis in the Gulf Cast, as residents crwd tgether in hmes and emergency shelters withut immediate access t testing r medical care. ICUs in Luisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hspitals were already near capacity be- fre the strm hit. Nearly 1 millin peple are still withut pwer acrss Luisiana, and authrities waned it culd be weeks befre electricity is restred. “If yu have already evacuated,” said Gv. Jhn Bel Edwands, “d nt return here.”
1．Which f the fllwing best describes Hurricane Ida?
A．Mild.B．Destructive.C．Uncntrllable.D．Impressive.
2．What des the underlined wrds “the tll” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．The death number.B．The heat wave.
C．The wind speed.D．The citywide blackut.
3．What is ne f the reasns fr Grand Isle t be uninhabitable?
A．The entire island is cvered with sand.B．It is ne f the lw-lying cmmunities.
C．The residents there can't wait t leave.D．Over half f its buildings were in ruins.
4．What can be inferred abut the attitude f Gv. Jhn Bel Edwards twards the prspect f Luisiana?
A．AmbitiusB．Undubted.C．Indifferent.D．Uncnfident.
2.【安徽省宣城市高三年级第二次调研】
Lking ut f my windw tday reminded me f anther day just like this ne, a day when I was searching fr a special blue bird. I thught it had been talking t my grandmther abut me.
One day grandmther asked me t buy sme bread. On the way hme I gave my bread t a black dg. I really wanted t keep her but I knew my mther wuld nt allw.
An idea ccurred t me. I gt t ur back gate, carefully dug a hle under the fence, and left the rest f the bread right at the hle. Then frm the frnt dr I went dwn the drive and thrugh t the backyard. I gt there just in time. She was trying t reach the bread at the hle. I held her frnt paws and pulled her thrugh. She ate up the bread and I was delighted that my idea had wrked.
When I gt inside, I tld my grandmther that my bread was eaten by a stray dg. I was very pleased with myself fr nt having t lie. We suddenly heard scratching cming frm the back dr. Seeing her, grandmther asked me, “Where did that cme frm?” “She must have cme in under the gate.” I pinted ut the hle under the back gate. Grandmther tld me she thught it was I wh brught the dg hme. I lked at my grandmther’ s face and asked, “Hw did yu knw?” She said, “A little bird tld me, a little blue bird tld me.” I reminded her I had nt tld a lie. She grinned and said, “N yu did nt lie. But the truth yu tld was nt the whle stry either.”
I spent mst f that summer making sure the blue birds stayed ut f the yard. I remember watching grandmther giggling a little as she watched me.
Years later I fund ut that grandmther had been lking ut f the breakfast rm windw and watched me dig the hle, run back int the yard and pull the dg thrugh. She and my mther laughed abut it. Anyway, we kept the dg (even after she delivered 13 puppies) until she passed away with snw-white n her snut and arund her eyes.
1．Hw did the dg get int the huse?
A．Frm the hle under the fence.B．Frm the bakery at the back dr.
C．Frm the frnt dr and the drive.D．Frm the breakfast rm windw.
2．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The bird.B．The scratching nise.C．The dg.D．The hle.
3．Why did grandmther grin?
A．Because she knew the truth.B．Because she nce talked t the bind.
C．Because she thught I tld the truth.D．Because she lved the dg t.
4．Hw did the writer feel abut keeping the dg?
A．Frightened and puzzled.B．Cncerned and happy.
C．Tlerant and sympathetic.D．Delighted and carefree.
3.【山东省潍坊市高三下学期3月高中学科核心素养测评】
In recent years, there has been a rise in the vlume f audibk sales, which is easily aided by the dminance f the smartphne. Other cntributrs t the rise beynd technlgy?
One thing is bvius: Reading even a shrt bk invlves a significant investment f time and prevents any ther activity. Yu can’t drive r garden while reading. Andy Miller, the authr f The Year f Reading Dangerusly, said: “I was hunting fr a bk t read.” Kit Waal, my friend, said, “yu shuld get the audibk Old Filth; it’s fantastic.” She was right. I culd walk the dg and still be reading a brilliant nvel, r have ne read t me brilliantly. I lved that bk and I lved that way f reading it. S I’m a recent cnvert.”
Des he wrry audi prvides t different an experience t reading itself? “Clearly n audi yu are at the mercy f the reader’s skills,” he says. “But then , eg (自己) aside, the same is true f reading a bk n the page. We’re all at the mercy f ur wn skills and tastes, aren’t we? But n audi yu are influenced by smene else’s interpretatin. And yu might simply dislike the vice f the reader. But at its best audi ffers a cmplementary (互补的) experience t the actual bk.”
Will audibk distract us frm the page befre us? Better t fcus n what we might gain. As smene wh frequently interviews authrs n stage, I'm aware f the unique insight t a text prduced by hearing smene read their wn wrk; I’ve frequently re-interpreted a passage after such an experience. But that has had n impact n whether r nt I'll read a bk by a writer I will never hear reading.
I nce met the writer Dn Delill. In respnse t a questin abut the prcess f writing, he remarked that he smetimes became attracted by the shape f particular letters, by the way individual wrds appeared befre him, their beauty beynd meaning and the relatinship t meaning. He sunded hippy-dippy; then it made perfect sense. Reading des start with shapes, which slwly reslve t make a certain meaning, filtered thrugh ur wn subjectivity and ur senses. That will never change.
1．What des Andy Miller mean by “I’m a recent cnvert” in paragraph 2?
A．I like the reader’s vice.B．I enjy my daily rutines.
C．I fall in lve with audibk.D．I am addicted t reading nvels.
2．What des Andy Miller think f the audibk?
A．It has a gd vice.B．It limits ur interpretatin.
C．It cntrls ur skills and tastes.D．It misleads ur interpretatin.
3．What is Dn Delill’s attitude t reading the actual bk?
A．Unclear.B．Objective.C．Oppsed.D．Favurable.
4．What is the best title f the text?
A．Easy listening: the rise f the audibk?
B．The audibk-a grwing trend in reading
C．Slw reading-the decline f the actual bk?
D．A new experience: the appearance f audibk
4.【江苏省连云港市高三第二次调研】
In the frest, trees ften give each ther space t reach fr the sky, a habit that humans can learn frm when it cmes t setting persnal bundaries.
Next time yu g fr a walk in a frest r wdland take a mment t lk abve yu. Yu might find that the crwn(树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tps f the trees. This phenmenn has been dcumented wrldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crwn shyness”. It happens when trees appear t give each ther space.
Even when trees grw clse tgether, they shw a mutual (相互的）respect and ffer benefits. This is true in the case f “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with ne resistant t disease, it shares the advantages f its friend. Maintaining healthy bundaries help trees t maintain gd health, manage resurces and prtect the frest as a whle.
When humans fail t respect bundaries, the emtinal and physical resurces f individuals,and the cmmunity can be affected. In this sense, a bundary is a cnceptual brder. It helps t establish where yu end and ther peple begin. It means taking respnsibility fr nly yur wn emtins and actins, nt ther peple’s. Yu culd think f yur bundaries as a mat (护城河）arund yur castle, cmplete with a drawbridge that can be lwered r raised. As the gatekeeper f yur castle, yu decide wh and what cmes in and when.
Of curse, marking ut bundaries takes time, and sme peple might be unhappy abut any changes yu make. Establishing a clear line between yu and the rest f the wrld, hwever, is essential fr building the self-wrth and self-care needed t functin at yur best in relatinships.
1．What is “crwn shyness”?
A．A crwn with channel-like gaps.
B．A frest with umbrella-shaped crwns.
C．A behavir that trees give each ther space.
D．A phenmenn that trees cmpete fr space.
2．Hw des the authr develp Paragraph 3?
A．By telling a stry.
B．By giving an example.
C．By defining a cncept.
D．By making a cmparisn.
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The effects f ignring bundaries.
B．The meaning f taking respnsibilities.
C．The imprtance f setting persnal bundaries.
D．The methds f managing individual resurces.
4．What is the authr’s attitude t marking ut a bundary?
A．Favrable.B．Intlerant.
C．Dubtful.D．Cnservative.
5.【湖北省十一校高三下学期第二次联考】
Midway thrugh The Matrix, Cypher feasts n an enrmus steak, well aware that his reality is nt real, part f a digital prgram telling his brain that the steak is a cnstructin and that it is “juicy and delicius.” Tw decades after the mvie made its first appearance, smething unexpected arises: The future f reality will nt nly be virtual but als synthetic (合成的). Cypher’s future meal will be a physical ne, synthesized frm animal cells.
And the synthesis ges beynd dinner. Starting with cmpnents frm the natural wrld, scientists are learning t engineer micrrganisms and build bicmputing systems. Hwever, bilgy has a tendency t evlve in unexpected ways.
Synthesized meat is ne case in pint. The driving frces behind the meat mvement are practical. It has been estimated that cultured (培育的) meat wuld require 7 t 45 percent less energy and prduce 78 t 96 percent less greenhuse gas than cnventinal animals farmed fr cnsumptin. But nce we’re able t synthesize meat, theretically, we’ll have the capability t culture meat frm any animal, even thse we’d never cnsider eating tday, like dlphins r chimpanzees, which will pse a new regulatry challenge fr us.
Using synthetic bilgy, we can even edit and rewrite life, the technlgy f which are already in use. In 2021, scientists in sme cuntries annunced they had grwn mnkey embrys injected with human stem cells. Here cmes the situatin wrth cnsidering: such a mnkey-human hybrid will demnstrate qualities that are smewhere between humans, n which experimentatin isn’t allwed, and animals, which are ften raised specifically fr research. Hw will we decide when an animal becmes t human?
Depending n where yu stand, the synthetic realities land smewhere between “really exciting” and “critically cncerning.” As individuals, we undertake a shared respnsibility t make gd chices abut this cming synthetic technlgy.
1．What d we knw abut Cypher’s steak in the mvie?
A．It is anything but appetizing.
B．It is enjyed in a virtual wrld.
C．It is synthesized frm animal cell.
D．It is a cnstructin made by himself.
2．What’s the advantage f synthesized meat?
A．It is mre nutritius.
B．It is mre energy-cnsuming.
C．It is mre envirnment-friendly.
D．It is mre cntrllable in regulatin.
3．What is the authr’s attitude t the experiment in Paragraph 4?
A．Cautius.B．Favrable.
C．Pessimistic.D．Indifferent.
4．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T ppularize synthetic technlgy.
B．T indicate challenges f synthetic technlgy.
C．T stress the imprtance f synthetic technlgy.
D．T intrduce the develpment f synthetic technlgy.
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届海南省海口市高考模拟】
ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI t carry n cnversatins just like humans, has becme a viral excitement. The AI-pwered tl went frm zer t a millin users in just five days! Its ability t prvide in-depth answers t user questins has even drawn the attentin f distinguished technlgy cmpanies.
The intelligent rbt understands what the user says r types and then respnds in a way that makes sense. Its vast bdy f knwledge has been gathered frm the Internet and archived bks. It is further trained by humans and can prcess the whle Internet and all f the infrmatin it cntains fr yu t answer yur questin. This makes ChatGPT a useful tl fr researching almst any tpic.
ChatGPT cannt think n its wn. It depends n the infrmatin that it has been trained n. As a result, the AI tl wrks well fr things that have accurate data available. Hwever, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flw ut incrrect respnses. Therefre, OpenAI cautins users t check the infrmatin n matter hw lgical it sunds. Als, ChatGPT has nly been trained with infrmatin till 2021. Hence, it cannt be relied upn fr anything that happened after that.
Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless ptential t slve real-wrld prblems. It can translate lng texts int different languages, create cntent n almst any tpic, and even summarize bks.
Hwever, ChatGPT has received mixed reactins frm educatrs. Sme believe it culd serve as a valuable tl t help build literacy skills in the classrm. It culd als be used t teach students difficult science r math cncepts. But ther educatrs think ChatGPT will encurage students t cheat. They fear this will prevent them frm building critical thinking and prblem-slving skills. As a result, many districts are starting t ban its use in schls.
32．What makes ChatGPT attractive t technlgy cmpanies?
A．It has artificial intelligence.
B．It has the largest number f users.
C．It can engage in meaningful cnversatins.
D．It can answer all f the users’ questins.
33．What makes ChatGPT helpful t research varius tpics?
A．Its accurate infrmatin.B．Its availability f up-t-date data.
C．Its ability t prcess infrmatin.D．Its vast bdy f questins.
34．Why d ChatGPT users have t be cautius when using it?
A．ChatGPT lacks creativity.
B．ChatGPT is unable t think itself.
C．ChatGPT ffers illgical infrmatin.
D．ChatGPT is nt prperly trained.
35．What is the authr’s attitude twards ChatGPT?
A．Favrable.B．Disapprving
C．Intlerant.D．Objective.
2.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟测试】
Amazn’s Alexa will be able t revive the vices f deceased relatives, allwing users t feel as if they are speaking t lst nes beynd the grave.
In a vide shwn n stage, Amazn demnstrated hw, instead f Alexa’s signature vice reading a stry ta yung by, it was his grandmther’s vice.
Rhit Prasad, an Amazn senir vice president, said the updated system will be able t cllect enugh vice data frm less than a minute f audi t make persnalizatin like this pssible, rather than having smene spend hurs in a recrding studi like hw it’s dne in the past.
The cncept starts frm Amazn lking at new ways t add mre “human features” t artificial intelligence, especially “in these times f the nging pandemic, when s many f us have lst smene we lve,” Prasad said. “While AI can’t rid that pain f lss, it can definitely make their memries last. “
Amazn has lng used AI recreatins f peple’s vices t vice Alexa. But they have als increasingly imprved ver the past few years, particularly with the use f AI and deepfake technlgy.
Hwever, Amazn’s attempt at persnalized Alexa vices may struggle mst with the weird valley effect-recreating a vice that is s similar t a lved ne’s but isn’t quite right, which leads t rejectin by real humans. “Fr sme, they will view this as creepy r utright terrible, but fr thers it culd be viewed in a mre prfund way, perhaps fr the first time and in a way that isn’t a strict recrding frm the past.” said Michael Inuye f ABI Research. He believes, hwever, the varying reactins t annuncements like this speak t hw sciety will have t adjust t the prmise f innvatins and their eventual reality in the years ahead.
The technlgy is als likely t lead t fears that it culd be used t impersnate living peple, which culd be used t bypass security systems. In 2019, a manager at a British energy cmpany lst almst￡200, 000 after criminals used AI t fake his bss’s vice, directing him t transfer the cmpany’s funds t a freign bank accunt.
12．What is the feature f the updated system f Amazn’s Alexa?
A．It will use AI recreatins f peple’s vices.
B．It will be highly efficient in cllecting vice data.
C．It will free the grandmther frm reading a stry.
D．It will make a breakthrugh in deepfake technlgy.
13．Why des Amazn update Alexa’s vice?
A．T make it mre human-like.
B．T cure peple’s pain f lss.
C．T remind peple f lst gd memries.
D．T demnstrate Amazn’s pwerful technlgy.
14．What des the underlined wrd “impersnate” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Interact with.B．Prve t be.C．Have cmmand f.D．Pretend t be.
15．What’s the authr’s attitude twards Alexa’s persnalized vices?
A．Critical.B．Objective.C．Supprtive.D．Skeptical.
3.【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期5月第二次联考】
With intelligent systems and new-age transit netwrks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and mre efficient.
After all, mre than 60 percent f the wrld’s ppulatin is expected t live in cities by 2050, accrding t a UN reprt. The answer t making these cities mre livable fr s many peple lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G netwrks and the “internet f things” (IT) t make everyday life safer and mre cnvenient. Sme cities are already using smart technlgy t imprve the lives f residents.
But what exactly des a smart city d? In the United States cities f Bstn and Baltimre, smart trash cans can sense hw full they are and infrm cleaning wrkers when they need t be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flw and energy usage are mnitred and adjusted accrding t real-time data gathered frm sensrs arund the city. And in Cpenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allws riders t check n air quality and traffic cnditin as they ride.
Smart cities will be interactive, allwing their residents t feel like they’re truly shaping their envirnment, instead f merely existing in it. “One f the mst imprtant reasns t have a smart city is that we can actually cmmunicate with ur envirnment in a way that we never have in the past,” said Mrinalini Ingram, head f a telecm cmpany.
Smart cities will als allw us t save resurces. By using sensrs and 5G netwrks t mnitr the use f water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure ut hw t distribute and save these resurces mre efficiently. Emissins f carbn dixide and ther air pllutants can be mre clsely mnitred in smart cities as well.
Of curse, it will take time and mney t turn ur current cities int the smart cities f the future. But as we’ve already seen, mre cities arund the wrld are already adpting smart technlgy in small ways. China, fr instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhu t make them “smarter”. It wn’t be lng until even mre cities start t develp their wn smart infrastructure(基础设施).
32．What calls fr the develpment f smart cities?
A．The rapid prgress in 5G netwrks.
B．The marked increase in wrld ppulatin.
C．The grwing number f residents living in cities.
D．The majr cncern ver the safety f living in cities.
33．Hw des the writer illustrate the way smart cities wrk?
A．By making a cntrast.B．By giving examples.
C．By listing figures.D．By telling a stry.
34．Hw d smart cities help us t live efficiently?
A．By interacting directly with ur envirnment.B．By keeping track f hw the resurces are used
C．By ensuring n emissin f air pllutants.D．By educating residents t save resurces.
35．What is the authr’s attitude tward smart cities?
A．Psitive.B．Critical.C．Dubtful.D．Uncncerned..
5.【2023届湖北省武汉市武昌区高三5月质量检测】
D yu have skinny genes? And I’m nt talking abut the pants yu wre in cllege but can’t fit int anymre. N,skinny genes are factrs fund in flks wh are naturally thin. And researchers have just identified ne that appears t tell the bdy’s tissue t burn mre fat.
“We all knw these peple wh can eat whatever they want but never gain any weight. ”
Jsef Penninger is a geneticist at the University f British Clumbia. He says that individuals wh are effrtlessly thin may hld the key t understanding besity. See, scientists interested in learning hw we cntrl ur weight have traditinally fcused n the things that make yu fat, like diet r metablism(新陈代谢). “But nt really studied why peple actually stay skinny. S we thught we’d just turn arund the fields and study genetics f thinness. ”
Penninger and his clleagues started ut by searching a database maintained by a genme center in Estnia fr its mst thin registrants. And they weeded ut peple wh were listed as having anrexia(厌食症)r ther cnditins that change bdy fat. Then they lked fr genetic markers that track with these Skinny Petes.
One gene, in particular, caught their eye: ALK, r the gene fr anaplastic lymphma kinase, is a stretch f DNA whse mutant(突变体)frm has been assciated with human cancers.
“But its nrmal functin had never been established.” S the scientists made mutant fruit flies and mutant mice. “T really shw that the gene assciated with thinness in humans makes als flies and mice skinny. And that’s exactly what we fund. ”But the mutant gene desn’t cause the animals t eat less. “We fund that ALK acts in ur brains and what it des: it allws ur bdy t burn mre calries per same fd we eat.” S the brain tells fat cells t burn mre f the fat they have scked away.
“Peple, mice and, we believe, als flies stay skinny. S this mechanism is evlutinarily cnserved frm insects t humans and, we believe, pens up an entirely new field f thinness.” There are already drugs that prevent the cancer-causing frm f ALK, which means that ALK is what scientists call a druggable target. “S maybe ne day we can indeed develp a pill which keeps us thin.”
12．What did the previus study fcus n?
A．Skinny genes.B．Subjects’daily rutines.
C．Family members’ influence.D．Factrs cntributing t being fat.
13．What des the underlined phrase mean in Para. 4?
A．Included.B．Cunted.C．Cmpared.D．Remved.
14．What d we knw abut ALK frm the passage?
A．It is a gene t burn fat.B．It is unique t wild creatures.
C．It dminates cancer drugs.D．It makes the carriers eat less.
15．What is the researchers’ attitude twards the new directin f the study?
A．Optimistic.B．Cnservative.C．Dubtful.D．Hpeless.
6.【2023届湖南省部分名校联盟高三5月冲刺压轴大联考】
There’s n single knwn cause fr autism (自闭症), but researchers nw pint the finger at higher lithium (锂) levels in drinking water. Their new study fund that pregnant wmen in Denmark whse husehld tap water had higher levels f lithium were mre likely t have kids with autism, cmpared t pregnant wmen living in areas where tap water had lwer levels f this element.
“Maternal prenatal (妊娠期) expsure t lithium frm naturally ccurring drinking water surces in Denmark was assciated with an increased autism spectrum disrder risk in the ffspring,” said study authr Dr. Beate Ritz, a prfessr f neurlgy. “This suggests a ptential fetal neurtxicity (神经毒性) f lithium expsure frm drinking water that needs t be further investigated.”
Fr this latest study, researchers analyzed lithium levels frm abut half f the cuntry’s water supply. When the investigatrs cmpared children with autism t thse withut this develpmental disrder, they fund that when lithium levels increased, s did the risk f autism.
Kids brn t mms wh lived in areas with the highest lithium levels in the water were 46% mre likely t be diagnsed with autism than thse brn in areas with the lwest amunt f lithium in drinking water, the study shwed. Lithium levels increased the risk fr all types f autism in this study.
Lithium leaches int drinking water frm sil and rcks, but these levels culd rise in the future frm waste in lithium batteries. While mre research is needed t cnfirm this assciatin, Ritz suggested using filtered water and testing it fr lithium levels while pregnant. Bttled water isn’t necessarily the answer. “A lt f bttled water is nt tested either,” she said. “Sme bttled water is just filled up frm regular drinking water surces.”
Dr. Max Wiznitzer, directr f the Rainbw Autism Center, urged cautin befre jumping t cnclusins, thugh. “It’s an interesting assciatin, but causatin is definitely nt prven,” Wiznitzer tld CNN. “We have t see if there’s a wrkable and bilgically plausible (似乎合理的) mechanism by which a small amunt f lithium in the water supply can smehw d this, yet pharmaclgic (药理学) dsing f lithium in wmen with biplar disrder has nt been reprted t be causing increased risk f ASD (Autism Spectrum Disrder).”
32．What might cause wmen in Denmark t have kids with autism?
A．Lwer levels f lithium in tap water.B．Higher lithium levels in drinking water.
C．Maternal prenatal expsure t neurtxicity.D．Naturally ccurring drinking water surces.
33．What can we infer frm Paragraph 3 t Paragraph 5?
A．The risk f autism declined with lithium levels increasing.
B．Lithium in drinking water mainly came frm lithium batteries.
C．Kids were 46% mre likely t be diagnsed with autism than mms.
D．Bttled water culd nt be always safely used fr its lack f filtering and testing.
34．What is Max Wiznitzer’s attitude twards the findings?
A．Favurable.B．Shcked.C．Cautius.D．Indifferent.
35．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Lithium in Water Supply Linked t Uptick in Autism Risk
B．Lithium in Drinking Water Did Harm t Mental Health
C．Lithium in Drinking Water Decreased the Risk f ASD
D．Lithium in Water Supply Linked t the Chance f Pregnancy
7.【2023届山东省济宁市三模】
What is the 15-minute city? It’s the urban planning cncept that everything city residents need shuld be a shrt walk r bike ride away—abut 15 minutes frm hme t wrk, shpping, entertainment, restaurants, schls, parks and health care. Supprters argue that 15-minute cities are healthier fr residents and the envirnment, creating united mini-cmmunities, bsting lcal businesses, and encuraging peple t get utside,walk, and cycle.
Many cities acrss Eurpe ffer similar ideas, but Paris has becme its pster child. Mayr Anne Hidalg has sught t fight climate change by decreasing chking traffic in the streets and fuel emissins. In 2015, Paris was 17th n the list f bike-friendly cities; by 2019, it was 8th. Car wnership, meanwhile, drpped frm 60 percent f huse hlds in 2001 t 35 percent in 2019. The 15-minute city figured largely in Hidalg’s successful 2020 re-electin campaign. The idea has als gained supprt in the U.S.
It clearly wn’t wrk everywhere: Nt every city is as centralized and walkable as Paris. Sme car-dminated cities like Ls Angeles and Phenix wuld be hard-pressed t prvide everything peple need within walking distance. In additin, sme urban planners argue that the 15-minute city culd increase the separatin f neighbrhds by incme. Neighbrhds equipped with all the cnveniences required by the 15-minute city als tend t have high husing csts and wealthier residents.
Despite sme resistance, the basic principles behind the 15-minute city are influencing planning in cities arund the wrld, including Melburne, Barcelna, Buens Aires, Singapre, and Shanghai. Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are within walking distance create mre individual freedm than needing t drive every where. “In a city where services are always clse by,” he says, “mbility is a chice: Yu g where yu want because yu want t, nt because yu have t. My fight is nt against the car. My fight is hw we culd imprve the quality f life.”
8．Which best describes the 15-minute city?
A．Mdern.B．Cnvenient.
C．Entertaining.D．Smart.
9．What’s the riginal intentin fr Paris t advcate the 15-minute city?
A．T address climate issues.B．T beautify the city.
C．T prmte the bike industry.D．T help Hidalg get re-elected.
10．What’s sme urban planners’ wrry abut the 15-minute city?
A．It slws the city’s expansin.
B．It represents a setback fr sciety.
C．It may widen the gap between neighbrhds.
D．It can cause the specializatin f neighbrhds.
11．What’s Jay Pitter’s attitude t the cncept f 15-minute city?
A．Dubtful.B．Favrable.
C．Critical.D．Uninterested.
8.【2023届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模】
Eurpe’s ski resrts (胜地) haven’t been getting enugh snw.
Amede Reale is president f Sci Club 18, in Crtina d’Ampezz, a twn in Italy’s Dlmite Muntains. In 2026, the area will hst the Wmen’s Winter Olympics dwnhill skiing events. “The nly thing we are scared f is having ne r tw mnths f ht weather,” Reale says. “But in Crtina d’Ampezz, I dn’t think there is any prblem.” At mre than 5,000 feet abve sea level, the slpes (坡) stay cld enugh fr artificial snw.
But ther parts f Italy are nt s lucky. They’ve been getting a taste f a much warmer future. The nly plan fr saving Italy’s ski industry is t use artificial snw as much as pssible, says Rland Galli, wh runs a ski lift in there srt f Abetne, in Italy. It has dne mre than $2 millin less business this seasn because f the lack f snw. Even if there’s snw fr the rest f the seasn, Galli says, there’s n way t make up fr this year’s lst incme. He ran the lifts withut snw, just fr the views, but nt many turists shwed up.
The changing weather is making it hard t find the right cnditins fr winter-sprts cmpetitins. Prmting summertime sprts is prbably a gd business strategy. The gvernment and muntain twns shuld invest in lakes. In summer, these culd be turist destinatins-fr fishing, bating, and sightseeing. They might als prvide water t fight bush fires. Clinate change is smething that we have t face. We can’t just put ur heads in the grund and ignre it.
Since 1924, 21 cities have hsted the Winter Olympies. The first was Chamnix, France. If glbal temperatures cntinue rising at the current rate, nly fur f thse places will have cnditins apprpriate fr cmpetitin by 2050. That’s the predictin f a recent scientific reprt. Crtina d’ Ampezz, in Italy, wuld be rated “unacceptable”, the reprt says. Only Sappr, Japan, is cnsidered a reliable bet fr the 2078 r 2082 games.
8．Which wrd can best deseribe Amede Reale’s attitude t his business?
A．Wrried.B．Optimistic.
C．Cnservative.D．Uncertain.
9．Which statement des Rland Galli prbably agree with?
A．Business is bad withut snw.
B．Winter is the peak seasn fr turism.
C．Artificial snw is a shrt-term measure.
D．His lsses will be recvered next winter.
10．What des the authr tell us t d abut the changing weather in paragraph 4?
A．Mass-prduce artificial snw.
B．Think ahead t the next mve.
C．Develp the winter turism in time.
D．Try t stp climate change gradually.
11．What des the recent scientific reprt indicate?
A．The Winter Olympics might nt exist lng.
B．Glbal temperatures are sure t keep rising.
C．Climate change affects Italy and Japan mst.
D．Mre places will hld winter sprts activities.
9.【2023·山东省威海市二模】C
Yung and ld alike can be crazy abut a new finding by researchers at Ohi State University and the University f Chicag. There is hpe fr us all when it cmes t creativity, they say.
Accrding t the study, which fcused n the 31 mst ntable Nbel Prize winners in ecnmics, there are tw types f creativity that can blssm at different pints in a persn’s life. Cnceptual innvatrs tend t d their best wrk in their mid-twenties, while experimental innvatrs peak in their fifties.
They explain in the paper that there are cnceptual thinkers, wh seek t cmmunicate specific ideas r emtins and have precise gals fr their wrks, planning them carefully in advance, and carrying them ut systematically. Pabl Picass and Albert Einstein bth did their greatest wrk in yuth. Hwever, experimental innvatrs build n their knwledge and accept theries thrughut their careers and ultimately find new and innvative ways t analyze that knwledge. These thinkers tend t d their best wrk later in life. The paper cites Virginia Wlf and Charles Darwin as late blmers.
The study states, “Many schlars believe that creativity is nly assciated with yuth. Tw 54-year-ld Harvard schlars were denied ffers f tenured prfessrships (终身教授) due t cncerns f the s-called prblem f “extinct vlcanes.”
Their findings suggest that this kind f biased (有偏见的) thinking leads t bad decisins. It ignres the fact that there are different types f innvatrs and that different prblems demand different kinds f cntributins and slutins. They hpe their wrk will gradually remve the wrld’s favritism fr preccius geniuses(早熟的天才) and its ignrance f the creativity that cmes with age. Weinberg, the c-authr f the study, said,“We believe what we fund in this study isn’t limited t ecnmics, but culd apply t creativity mre generally.”
8．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined “blssm”?
A．Fully develp.B．Suddenly change.
C．Gradually fade.D．Repeatedly emerge.
9．What determines a persn’s mst creative perid accrding t the study?
A．Age r career.B．Educatin backgrund.
C．Type f thinking.D．Expsure t diverse ideas.
10．What des the writer want t stress in the last paragraph?
A．Creativity breeds success.
B．Creativity knws n age limit.
C．Slutins need diverse creativity.
D．Favritism fr geniuses limits creativity.
11．What’s the writer’s attitude t the new findings?
A．Dubtful.B．Objective.C．Psitive.D．Critical.
10.【2023·山东省潍坊市三模】
Have yu ever fancied a tennis lessn frm ne f the wrld’s greatest tennis players at yur lcal curt?
This dream came true fr tw yung players, wh gt t train with 20-year-ld superstar Emma Raducanu after she appeared as a hlgram (全息图) -a phtgraphic recrding f the image. While Sam Clague,14, and T’nae Diamnd Paisley, 12, were bth in Lndn, the British number ne was in Abu Dhabi.
During the wrld’s first hlgraphic lessn, Ms Raducanu’s avatar (头像) appeared t feed balls t the players and gave live feedback n their shts, like ‘that was fast and there was lts f tpspin n that’. Even Sam said he thught she had been prerecrded at first until she spke with him directly.
Their hlgraphic training sessin ffers a glimpse int hw advancing technlgy culd revlutinize tennis caching, accrding t Dr Ian Pearsn.
Dr Pearsn thinks that mixed reality headsets will sn allw tennis players t feel they are playing in unusual virtual envirnments, like n a space statin r the middle f a lake. Thrugh 5G, the future f tennis will see increased interactin between real life tennis curts and the rich imaginatin we see in cmputer games - playing whenever, wherever and whever yu want.
Full sensry virtual reality culd even place the viewer inside the tennis player’s shes in real time. Dr Pearsn said: “By 2030, with active skin technlgy, the playing styles and even the sensatins f tp-level players culd be captured, s that anyne culd experience hw it actually felt t play that game thrugh full sensry virtual reality.”
Finally, sprtswear made frm smart materials culd allw fr a digital cach pwered by artificial intelligence(AI) t prvide feedback n a player’s frm. Dr Pearsn said: “Al- cntrlled suits made frm smart materials, such as fabrics with sensrs, can help players find the perfect strke when hitting r returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memry f a flawless frehand. Using direct feedback frm friendly virtual AI caches, new players can develp and learn much mre quickly.”
12．What did Ms Raducanu d in the first hlgraphic lessn?
A．Give players a real time guidance.
B．Require players t fllw her shts.
C．Recrd caching cntents in advance.
D．Analyze techniques thrugh the hlgram.
13．What can full sensry virtual reality make viewers d?
A．Increase their imaginatin f sprts.
B．Take the place f tp level players.
C．Experience the feeling f players n the spt.
D．Have a sense f playing in an unusual place.
14．What’s Dr Pearsn’s attitude twards virtual AI caches?
A．Critical.B．Skeptical.C．Cautius.D．Favrable.
15．What might be the best title fr the text?
A．The future f caching.
B．The threat frm AI t caches.
C．The first live caching nline、
D．The appearance f digital caches.
11.【2024届山西省大同市高三6月学情调研】
I’m Savannah and I remember beginning t grw up that winter night when my parents and I were returning frm my aunt’s huse, and my mther said that we might sn be leaving fr America. We were n the bus then. I was crying, and sme peple n the bus were turning arund t lk at me. I remember that I culd nt bear the thught f never hearing again the radi prgram fr schl children t which I listened every mrning.
In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying gdbye t my friends and relatives. When we were leaving, I thught abut all the places I was ging t see — the strange and magical places I had knwn nly frm bks and pictures. The cuntry I was leaving and never t cme back t was hardly in my head then.
The fur years that fllwed taught me the imprtance f being psitive but the idea did nt cme t me at nce. Fr the first tw years in New Yrk I was really lst — having t study in three schls as a result f family mves. I did nt quite knw what I was r what I shuld be. Mther remarried and things became even mre cmplex fr me. Sme time passed befre my stepfather and I gt used t each ther. I was ften sad, and saw n end t “the hard times.”
My respnsibilities in the family increased a lt since I knew English better than everyne else at hme. I wrte letters, filled ut frms, translated at interviews with immigratin (移民) fficers, tk my grandparents t the dctr and translated there, and even discussed telephne bills with cmpany representatives.
Frm my experiences, I have learned ne imprtant rule: Almst all cmmn trubles g away at last! Smething gd is certain t happen in the end when yu d nt give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn ut all right, even thugh it will nt be that easy.
4．What did Savannah miss mst abut hme when leaving fr America?
A．Her dear friends and relatives.B．The radi prgramme fr pupils.
C．The cuntry she was leaving.D．The places she was familiar with.
5．What was Savannah’s attitude t her life changes in New Yrk?
A．Optimistic.B．Indifferent.C．Pessimistic.D．Desperate.
6．Why was Savannah increasingly respnsible in her family?
A．Fr her family mved mre frequently.B．Fr her mther ended up in divrce.
C．Fr her English was better than thers.D．Fr she disagreed with her stepfather.
7．What des Savannah think abut her future life?
A．Her future will be laded with mre trubles.B．It will be difficult t learn t becme mature.
C．There will be mre gd days than expected.D．Gd things will happen if she keeps trying.
12.【湖北省华大新高考联盟4月教学质量测】
A measure in the Huse’s $ 2 trillin ecnmic bill wuld require states t cut greenhuse gas emissins (排放) prmising rewards fr transprtatin departments that pst reductins and “cnsequences” fr thse that dn’t.
Peter A．DeFazi, chairman f the Transprtatin Cmmittee, said the prpsal is designed t push states t act. “We’re ging t give them very large mtivatin t actually make thse meaningful targets and deliver n thse targets,” he said. Accrding t the prpsal, states that cut emissins culd get a $ 1 billin pt f mney and ptentially receive ther bnus funding frm the federal gvernment. The bill desn’t spell ut ptential cnsequences fr nt reducing emissins, leaving the decisin t natinal transprtatin fficials. Experts say they culd include barriers t accessing highly prized grant funds (拨款).
Much f the attentin n cutting emissins frm the transprt industry-the natin’s largest emitter f greenhuse gases-has fcused n the adptin f electric vehicles by putting mney in charging factries and supprting battery-pwered cars. The new measure sides with envirnmental advcates wh argue the natin can’t battle a changing climate withut changing hw Americans mve arund. Envirnmentalists say the natin’s changing t electric vehicles prbably wn’t happen quickly enugh t limit temperature rises unless Americans can be cnvinced t drive less, and that wuld mean building new netwrks fcused n walking, cycling and transit (运输).
Oppsitin t the emissin measure is deep-seated. The heads f five western state transprtatin departments wrte a letter t Capitl’s cmmittee last mnth saying the prpsal wuld harm rural areas because ptins such as heavy-traffic pricing are nt well-suited t places which are ppulated in few peple, and it desn’t make sense t target thse state agencies when there are multiple reasns that influence emissins, including fuel ecnmy standards fr cars and lcal decisins abut where t build stres and hmes.
Kevin DeGd, a transprtatin researcher, said basic cnstructin shape hw peple can get arund. “It is funny that the state transprtatin departments suggest in the letter that they d nt deeply influence greenhuse gas emissins frm the transprtatin industry,” he said.
32．Hw des the gvernment prvide mtivatin?
A．By praising.B．By punishing.
C．By financing.D．By restricting.
33．What is an intended result f the bill?
A．Greatly changed climate.B．Mre cnvenient stres.
C．Stable fuel ecnmy standards.D．Ec-friendly transprt system.
34．Why did sme states mentin heavy-traffic pricing?
A．T ppse the emissin measure.B．T intrduce slutins t emissin.
C．T call fr attentin t rural areas.D．T list several reasns fr emissin.
35．What’s Kevin’s attitude twards the letter in paragraph 4?
A．Supprtive.B．Disapprving.
C．Shcked.D．Cnfident.
真题感知
1.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps t exercise a persn’s mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.D. Scientists with new perspectives.
2.（2021·北京）I remember the day during ur first week f class when we were infrmed abut ur semester（学期） prject f vlunteering at a nn-prfit rganizatin. When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）. My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind. Then，an OIC representative gave us sme details，which smewhat interested me. After ding sme research， I believed that we culd really d smething fr thse kids. When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children. Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin. We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible，and make them int kits——ne kit，ne child. The mst rewarding day fr ur grup was prject day，when all the effrts we put int cllecting the items finally came tgether. When I saw the varius supplies we had cllected，it hit me that every kit we were t build that day wuld eventually be in the hands f an Iraqi child. Over the past fur mnths，I had never imagined hw I wuld feel nce ur prject was cmpleted. While making the kits，I realized that I had lst sight f the true meaning behind it. I had nly fcused n the fact that it was anther schl prject and ne I wanted t get a gd grade n. When the kits were cmpleted，and ready t be sent verseas，the warm feeling I had was ne I wuld never frget. In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn. Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten. With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin.
64. Hw did the authr feel abut jining the OIC prject in the beginning？
A. It wuld affect his/her initial plans. B. It wuld invlve traveling verseas. C. It wuld nt bring him/her a gd grade. D. It wuld nt live up t his/her expectatins.
65. What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject？
A. Images f Iraqi children. B. Research by his/her classmates.
C. A teacher's intrductin. D. A representative's cmments.
66. The authr's OIC prject grup wuld help ten Iraqi children t________. .
A. becme OIC vlunteersB. further their educatin
C. study in freign cuntriesD. influence ther children
67. What can we cnclude frm this passage？
A. One's ptential cannt always be underrated. B. First impressin cannt always be trusted. C. Actins speak luder than wrds. D. He wh hesitates is lst.
3.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之C篇
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
28. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
31. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.
C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
4.2018年北京卷之D篇
Preparing Cities fr Rbt Cars
The pssibility f self-driving rbt cars has ften seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away frm materializing in the real wrld. Well, the future is apparently nw. The Califrnia Department f Mtr Vehicles began giving permits in April fr cmpanies t test truly self-driving cars n public rads. The state als cleared the way fr cmpanies t sell r rent ut self-driving cars, and fr cmpanies t perate driverless taxi services. Califrnia, it shuld be nted, isn’t leading the way here. Cmpanies have been testing their vehicles in cities acrss the cuntry. It’s hard t predict when driverless cars will be everywhere n ur rads. But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated.
While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins. The arrival f driverless vehicles is a chance t make sure that thse vehicles are envirnmentally friendly and mre shared.
D we want t cpy — r even wrsen — the traffic f tday with driverless cars? Imagine a future where mst adults wn individual self-driving vehicles. They tlerate lng, slw jurneys t and frm wrk n packed highways because they can wrk, entertain themselves r sleep n the ride, which encurages urban spread. They take their driverless car t an appintment and set the empty vehicle t circle the building t avid paying fr parking. Instead f walking a few blcks t pick up a child r the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The cnvenience even leads fewer peple t take public transprt — an unwelcme side effect researchers have already fund in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study frm the University f Califrnia at Davis suggested that replacing petrl-pwered private cars wrldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems culd reduce carbn emissins frm transprtatin 80% and cut the cst f transprtatin infrastructure(基础设施) and peratins 40% by 2050. Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing. The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy.
Plicymakers shuld start thinking nw abut hw t make sure the appearance f driverless vehicles desn’t extend the wrst aspects f the car-cntrlled transprtatin system we have tday. The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably. The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.
47. Accrding t the authr, attentin shuld be paid t hw driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transprtatin-related prblems
B. prvide better services t custmers
C. cause damage t ur envirnment
D. make sme peple lse jbs
48. As fr driverless cars, what is the authr’s majr cncern?
A. Safety. B. Side effects.
C. Affrdability. D. Management.
49. What des the underlined wrd ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Emplyed. B. Replaced.
C. Shared. D. Reduced.
50. What is the authr’s attitude t the future f self-driving cars?
A. Dubtful. B. Psitive.
C. Disapprving. D. Sympathetic.
5.2018年浙江卷之C篇
As cultural symbls g, the American car is quite yung. The Mdel T Frd was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ag, with the first rlling ff the assembly line（装配线）n September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were prduced the next mnth. But eventually Henry Frd wuld build fifteen millin f them.
Mdern America was brn n the rad, behind a wheel. The car shaped sme f the mst lasting aspects f American culture: the radside diner, the billbard, the mtel, even the hamburger. Fr mst f the last century, the car represented what it meant t be American—ging frward at high speed t find new wrlds. The rad nvel, the rad mvie, these are the mst typical American ideas, brn f abundant petrl, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public wrks prject in histry.
In 1928 Herbert Hver imagined an America with “a chicken in every pt and a car in every garage.” Since then, this sciety has mved nward, never lking back, as the car transfrmed America frm a farm-based sciety int an industrial pwer.
The cars that drve the American Dream have helped t create a glbal eclgical disaster. In America the demand fr il has grwn by 22 percent since 1990.
The prblems f excessive（过度的）energy cnsumptin, climate change and ppulatin grwth have been described in a bk by the American writer Thmas L. Friedman. He fears the wrst, but hpes fr the best.
Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy（经济）is a chance t keep American strength. “The ability t design, build and exprt green technlgies fr prducing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant fd is ging t be the currency f pwer in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentined in paragraph 2?
A. T explain Americans’ lve fr travelling by car.
B. T shw the influence f cars n American culture.
C. T stress the ppularity f fast fd with Americans.
D. T praise the effectiveness f America’s rad system.
29. What has the use f cars in America led t?
A. Decline f ecnmy. B. Envirnmental prblems.
C. A shrtage f il supply. D. A farm-based sciety.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude twards America’s future?
A. Ambiguus. B. Dubtful. C. Hpeful. D. Tlerant.
6.（2015年，重庆卷）
At thirteen, I was diagnsed (诊断)with a kind f attentin disrder. It made schl difficult fr me. When everyne else in the class was fcusing n tasks, I culd nt.
In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us t read a stry and their write n it, all within 45minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, yu see, the dctr said I have attentin prblems. I might nt be able t d it.”
She glanced dwn at me thrugh her glasses, “yu are nt different frm yur classmates, yung man. ”
I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had t take it hmie.
In the quietness f my bedrm; the ‘stry suddenly all became clear t me. It was abut a blind persn, Luis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind culdn’t get much educatin. But Luis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system f raise dts(点), which pened up a whle new wrld f knwledge t the blind.
Wasn’t I the “blind”in my class; being made t learn like the “sighted” students? My thughts spilled ut(溢出)and my pen started t dance. I cmpleted the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was nt different frm thers; I just needed a quieter place: If Luis culd find his “Way ut f his prblems, why shuld I ever give up?”
I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper t Mrs.Smith, s it was quite a surprise when it came back t ‘me the next day-. with an “A”n it. At the bttm f the paper were these wrds:. “See what yu can d when yu keep trying?”
1.The authr didn’t finish the reading in class because .
A.He was new t the class
B.He was tried f literature
C.He had an attentin disrder
D.He wanted t take the task hme
2.What d we knw abut Luis Braille frm the passage?
A.He had gd sight
B.He made a great inventin.
C.He gave up reading
D.He learned a lt frm schl
3.What was Mrs. Smith’s attitude t the authr at the end f the stry?
A.Angry
B.Impatient
C.Sympathetic
D.Encuraging
4.What is the main idea f the passage?
A.The disabled shuld be treated with respect.
B.A teacher can pen up a new wrld t students.
C.One can find his way ut f difficulties with effrts.
D.Everyne needs a hand when faced with challenges.
7.（2014年，山东卷）
One mrning, Ann’s neighbr Tracy fund a lst dg wandering arund the lcal elementary schl. She asked Ann if she culd keep an eye n the dg. Ann said that she culd watch it nly fr the day.
Tracy tk phts f the dg and printed ff 400 FOUND fliers (传单), and put them in mailbxes. Meanwhile, Ann went t the dllar stre and bught sme pet supplies, warning her tw sns nt t fall in lve with the dg. At the time, Ann’s sn Thmas was 10 years ld, and Jack, wh was recvering frm a heart peratin, was 21 years ld.
Fur days later Ann was still lking after the dg, whm they had started t call Riley. When she arrived hme frm wrk, the dg threw itself against the screen dr and barked madly at her. As sn as she pened the dr, Riley dashed int the bys’ rm where Ann fund Jack suffering frm a heart attack. Riley ran ver t Jack, but as sn as Ann bent ver t help him the dg went silent.
“If it hadn’t cme t get me, the dctr said Jack wuld have died,” Ann reprted t a lcal newspaper. At this pint, n ne had called t claim the dg, s Ann decided t keep it.
The next mrning Tracy gt a call. A man named Peter recgnized his lst dg and called the number n the flier. Tracy started crying, and tld him, “That dg saved my friend’s sn.” Peter drve t Ann’s huse t pick up his dg, and saw Thmas and Jack crying in the windw. After a few mments Peter said, “Maybe Odie was suppsed t find yu, maybe yu shuld keep it.”
1.What did Tracy d after finding the dg?
A.She lked fr its wnerB.She gave it t Ann as a gift.
C.She sld it t the dllar stre.D.She bught sme fd fr it.
2.Hw did the dg help save Jack?
A.By breaking the dr fr Ann.B.By leading Ann t Jack’s rm.
C.By dragging Jack ut f the rm.D.By attending Jack when Ann was ut.
3.What was Ann’s attitude t the dg accrding t Paragraph 4?
A.SympatheticB.Dubtful
C.TlerantD.Grateful
4.Fr what purpse did Peter call Tracy?
A.T help her friend’s sn.B.T interview Tracy
C.T take back his dg.D.T return the flier t her.
5.What can we infer abut the dg frm the last paragraph?
A.It wuld be given t Odie.B.It wuld be kept by Ann5 family.
C.It wuld be returned t Peter.D.It wuld be taken away by Tracy.
8.（2012年，安徽卷）
When Kate's paintings were n shw in Lndn，a pet described her paintings as “a ribbn (丝带）arund a bmb”.Such cmments seem t suggest Kate had a big influence n the art wrld f her time.Sadly，she is actually_________tday than she was during her time.
Brn in 1907 in a village near Mexic City，Kate suffered frm pli（小儿麻痹症）at the age f seven.Her spine (脊柱)became bent as she grew lder.Then，in 1925，her back was brken in several places in a schl-bus accident.Thrughut the rest f her life，the artist had many peratins，but nthing was able t cure the terrible pain in her back.Hwever，the accident had an unexpected side effect.While lying in her bed recvering，Kate taught herself t paint.
In 1929，she gt married t Dieg Rivera，anther famus Mexican artist.Rivera's strng influences n Kate's style can be seen in her early wrks，but her later wrks frm the 1940s，knwn tday as her best wrks，shw less influence frm her husband.
Unfrtunately，her wrks did nt attract much attentin in the 1930s and1940s，even in her hme cuntry.Her first ne-wman shw in Mexic was nt held until 1953.Fr mre than a decade after her death in 1954，Kate's wrks remained largely unnticed by the wrld，but in the 1970s her wrks began t gain internatinal fame at last.
1.What des the underlined phrase “a much bigger name” in paragraph 1 mst prbablymean?
A.A far better artist. B.A far mre gifted artist.
C.A much strnger persn. D.A much mre famus persn.
2.The terrible pain Kate suffered was caused by.
A.pli B.her bent spine
C.back injuries D.the peratins she had
3.Kate's style had becme increasingly independent since the.
A.1930s B.1940s C.1950s D.1970s
4.What is authr's attitude tward Kate?
A.Devtin. B.Sympathy. C.Wrry. D.Encuragement.
9.（2013年，浙江卷）
In 1974, after filling ut fifty applicatins, ging thrugh fur interviews, and winning ne ffer, I tk what I culd get ----- a teaching jb at what I cnsidered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic ptimism was alive nly when I reminded myself that I wuld be ding what I had wanted t d since I was furteen ------- teaching English.
Schl started, but I felt mre and mre as if I were in a freign cuntry. Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students tk a week ff when hunting seasn began. I was tld they were als frequently absent in late Octber t help their fathers make hay n the farms. I was a yung wman frm New Yrk City, wh thught that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant t have a gd time.
But, still, I was teaching English. I wrked hard, taking time ff nly t eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth-grade class ---- seventeen bys and five girls wh were nly six years yunger than me. I had a prblem lng befre I knew it. I was struggling in my wrk as a yung idealistic teacher. I wanted t make literature cme alive and t prmte a lve f the written wrd. The students wanted t thrw spitballs and whisper dirty wrds in the back f the rm.
In cllege I had been taught that a successful educatr shuld ignre bad behavir. S I did, cnfident that, as the textbk had said, the bad behavir wuld disappear as I gave my students psitive attentin. It sunds reasnable, but the text evidently ignred the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seems reasnable. By the time my bss, wh was als my taskmaster, knwn t be the strictest, mst demanding, mst quick t fire inexperienced teachers, came int the classrm t bserve me, the students exhibited very little gd behavir t praise.
My bss sat in the back f the rm. The bys in the class were making animal nises, hitting each ther while the girls filed their nails r read magazines. I just pretended it all wasn’t happening, and went n lecturing and tried t ask sme inspiring questins. My bss, sitting in the back f the classrm, seemed t be grwing bigger and bigger. After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visins f unemplyment marched befre my eyes.
I felt mildly victrius that I gt thrugh the rest f class withut crying, but at my next free perid I had t face him. I wndered if he wuld let me finish ut the day. I walked t his ffice, tk a deep breath, and pened the dr.
He was sitting in his chair, and he lked at me lng and hard. I said nthing. All I culd think f was that I was nt an English teacher; I had been lying t myself, pretending that everything was fine.
When he spke, he said simply, withut accusatin, “Yu had nthing t say t them.”
“Yu had nthing t say t them”. he repeated.” N wnder they are bred. Why nt get t the meat f literature and stp talking abut symblism. Talk with them, nt at them. And mre imprtant, why d yu ignre their bad behavir”? We talked. He named my prblems and ffered slutins. We rle-played. He was the bad student, and I was the frceful, yet, warm, teacher
As the year prgressed, we spent many hurs discussing literature and ideas abut human beings and their mtivatins. He helped me identify my weaknesses and strengths. In shrt, he made a teacher f me by teaching me the reality f Emersn’s wrds: “The secret t educatin lies in respecting the pupil.”
Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding rad t the same schl. Thanks t the help I received that difficult first year, the schl is my hme nw.
1.It can be inferred frm the stry that in 1974 ________________.
A.the writer became an ptimistic persn
B.the writer was very happy abut her new jb
C.it was rather difficult t get a jb in the USA
D.it was easy t get a teaching jb in New Jersey
2.Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is mst prbably the writer’s prblem as a new teacher?
A.She had blind trust in what she learnt at cllege.
B.She didn’t ask experienced teachers fr advice.
C.She tk t much time ff t eat and sleep.
D.She didn’t like teaching English literature.
3.What is the writer’s biggest wrry after her taskmaster’s bservatin f her class?
A.She might lse her teaching jb.
B.She might lse her students’ respect.
C.She culdn’t teach the same class any mre.
D.She culdn’t ignre her students’ bad behavir any mre.
4.Which f the fllwing gives the writer a sense f mild victry?
A.Her talk abut symblism sunded cnvincing.
B.Her students behaved a little better than usual.
C.She managed t finish the class withut crying.
D.She was invited fr a talk by her bss after class.
5.The students behaved badly in the writer’s classes because
A.They were eager t embarrass her.
B.She didn’t really understand them.
C.They didn’t regard her as a gd teacher.
D.She didn’t have a gd cmmand f English.
6.The taskmaster’s attitude twards the writer after his bservatin f her class can be described as________________.
A.cruel but encuragingB.fierce but frgiving
C.sincere and supprtiveD.angry and aggressive
10.（2020年，天津卷，第一次高考）
Transprt has a lt t answer fr when it cmes t harming the planet. While cars and trains are mving twards greener, electric pwer, emissins frm air travel are expected t increase massively by 2050. If we want big green sky slutins, we need blue sky thinking Frtunately, there's plenty f that happening right nw, particularly the shrt-haul flights pwered by batteries.
Harbur Air is the largest seaplane airline in Nrth America, flying 30, 000 cmmercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year. Significantly, all Harbur Air rutes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit fr electric engines. “As an airline, we're currently in the prcess f turning all ur planes int electric airplanes. says CEO Greg Mc Dugall. T make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX t create the wrlds first cmmercial flight with an electric engine.
Making the skies electric isn't just gd fr the envirnment, it als makes sund financial sense: a small aircraft uses $400 n cnventinal fuel fr a 100-mile flight, while an electric ne csts $8-12 fr the same distance, and that's befre yu factr in the higher maintenance csts f a traditinal engine. There's als the added bnus that electric planes are just much mre pleasant t fly in. N lud engine nise, n smell f fuel, just envirnmentally friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real prgress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyne's feet firmly n the grund. A battery, even a lithium ne, nly prvides 250 watt-hurs per kilgram; cmpare this t liquid fuel, which has a specific energy f 11, 890 watt-hurs per kilgram. Carrying adequate batteries, hwever, wuld make the plane t heavy t get ff the grund. In aircraft, where every bit f weight cunts, this can't just be ignred.
The transitin （过渡） frm gas t electric in the autmbile industry has been made easier by hybrids-vehicles pwered by bth fuel and electricity. Many believe the same pattern culd be fllwed in the air. Fuel cnsumptin culd be reduced as the electric cmpnent is switched n at key parts f the jurney, especially n take-ff and landing.
It's certainly an exciting time fr electric flying. With cmpanies like Harbur Air taking the lead, battery-pwered planes, especially n shrt-haul jurneys, are set t becme a reality in the next few years.
18.Accrding t Para. l, what is happening in air transprt?
A.New explratins f the sky are being launched.
B.Pllutin caused by batteries is being cntrlled.
C.Effrts are being made t make air travel greener.
D.Demand fr shrt-haul flights is increasing massively.
19.Why is Harbur Air fit fr electric flights?
A.It runs shrt rute
B.It has a strng partner.
C.Its planes can land n the sea.
D.It has planes with pwerful engines.
20.The expressin "added bnus" refers t the fact that electric planes___________.
A.give passengers mre pleasant views
B.bring airlines mre financial benefits
C.ffer mre enjyable flying experiences
D.cst less in maintenance than traditinal nes
21.What might be the biggest challenge f electric flying?
A.T imprve the grund service fr e-planes.
B.T find qualified technicians fr e-plane industry.
C.T calculate the energy needed t pwer e-planes.
D.T balance pwer and weight f batteries in e-planes.
22.What culd be dne during the transitin frm gas t electric in air flight?
A.T prduce new electric cmpnents.
B.T increase battery cnsumptin.
C.T use mixed-pwer technlgy.
D.T expand the landing field.
23.What is the authr's attitude twards the prspect f electric flying?
A.Shrt-sighted. B.Wait-and-see. C.Optimistic. D.Skeptical.
11.（2012年，陕西卷）
Spring is cming, and it is time fr thse abut t graduate t lk fr jbs. Cmpetitin is tugh, s jb seekers must carefully cnsider their persnal chices. Whatever we are wearing, ur family and friends may accept us, but the wrkplace may nt.
A high schl newspaper editr said it is unfair fr cmpanies t discurage visible tatts (纹身), nse rings, r certain dress styles. It is true yu can’t judge a bk by its cver, yet peple d “cver” themselves in rder t cnvey certain messages. What we wear, including tatts and nse rings, is an expressin f wh we are. Just as peple cnvey messages abut themselves with their appearances, s d cmpanies. Dress standards exist in the business wrld fr a number f reasns, but the main cncern is ften abut what custmers accept.
Others may say hw t dress is a matter f persnal freedm, but fr businesses it is mre abut whether t make r lse mney. Mst emplyers d care abut the persnal appearances f their emplyees, because thse peple represent the cmpanies t their custmers.
As a hiring manager I am paid t chse the peple wh wuld make the best impressin n ur custmers. There are plenty f well-qualified candidates, s it is nt wrng t reject smene wh might disappint my custmers. Even thugh I am pen-minded, I can’t expect all ur custmers are.
There is nbdy t blame but yurself if yur set f chices des nt match that f yur preferred emplyer. N cmpany shuld have t change t satisfy a candidate simply because he r she is unwilling t respect its standards, as lng as its standards are legal.
1.Which f the fllwing is the newspaper editr’s pinin accrding t Paragraph 2?
A.Peple’s appearances carry message abut themselves.
B.Custmers’ chices influence dress standards in cmpanies.
C.Candidates with tatts r nse rings shuld be fairly-treated.
D.Strange dress styles shuld nt be encuraged in the wrkplace.
2.What can be inferred frm the text?
A.Candidates have t wear what cmpanies prefer fr an interview.
B.What t wear is nt a matter f persnal chice fr cmpanies.
C.Cmpanies smetimes have t change t respect their candidates.
D.Hiring managers make the best impressin n their candidates.
3.Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the text?
A.Emplyees MatterB.Persnal Chices Matter
C.Appearances MatterD.Hiring Managers Matter
4.The authr’s attitude twards strange dress styles in the wrkplace may best be described as .
A.enthusiasticB.negative
C.psitiveD.sympathetic
12.（2014年，浙江卷）
Last summer, tw nineteenth-century cttages were rescued frm remte farm fields in Mntana, t be mved t an Art Dec building in San Francisc. The huses were made f wd. These cttages nce hused early settlers as they wrked the dry Mntana sil; nw they hld Twitter engineers.
The cttages culd be an example f the industry’ s dd lve affair with “lw technlgy,” a cncept assciated with the natural wrld, and with ld-schl craftsmanship (手艺) that exists lng befre the Internet era. Lw technlgy is nt virtual (虚拟的) —s, t take advantage f it, Internet cmpanies have had t get creative. The rescued wd cttages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an bvius example, but Twitter’s designs lie n the extreme end. Other cmpanies are using a brader interpretatin (阐释) f lw technlgy that fcuses n nature.
Amazn is building three glass spheres filled with trees, s that emplyees can “wrk and scialize in a mre natural, park-like setting.” At Ggle’s ffice, an entire flr is carpeted in glass. Facebk’s secnd Menl Park campus will have a rftp park with a walking trail.
Olle Lundberg, the funder f Lundberg Design, has wrked with many tech cmpanies ver the years. “We have lst the cnnectin t the maker in ur lives, and ur tech engineers are the nes wh feel impverished (贫乏的), because they’re surrunded by the digital wrld,” he says. “They’re lking fr a way t regain their individual identity, and we’ve fund that intrducing real crafts is ne way t d that.”
This craft based thery is rted in histry, William Mrris, the English artist and writer, turned back t pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after the Industrial Revlutin. The Arts and Crafts mvement defined itself against machines. “Withut creative human ccupatin, peple became discnnected frm life,” Mrris said.
Research has shwn that natural envirnments can restre(恢复) ur mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encuraged t “frest-bathe,” taking walks thrugh wds t lwer their bld pressure.
These health benefits apply t the wrkplace as well. Rachel Kaplvin, a prfessr f envirnmental psychlgy, has spent years researching the restrative effects f natural envirnment. Her research fund that wrkers with access t nature at the ffice—even simple views f trees and flwers—felt their jbs were less stressful and mre satisfying. If lw-tech ffices can ptentially nurish the brains and imprve the mental health f emplyees then, fine, bring n the cttages.
1.The writer mentins the tw nineteenth-century cttages t shw that ________.
A.Twitter is having a hard time
B.ld cttages are in need f prtectin
C.early settlers nce suffered frm a dry climate in Mntana
D.Internet cmpanies have rediscvered the benefits f lw technlgy
2.Lw technlgy is regarded as smething that _______.
A.is related t natureB.is ut f date tday
C.cnsumes t much energyD.exists in the virtual wrld
3.The main idea f Paragraph 5 is that human beings ________.
A.have destryed many pre-industrial arts
B.have a traditin f valuing arts and crafts
C.can becme intelligent by learning histry
D.can regain their individual identity by using machines
4.The writer’s attitude t “lw technlgy” can best be described as ________.
A.psitiveB.defensiveC.cautiusD.dubtful
5.What might be the best title fr the passage?
A.Past Glries, Future Dreams
B.The Virtual Wrld, the Real Challenge
C.High-tech Cmpanies, Lw-tech Offices
D.The Mre Craftsmanship, the Less Creativity
13.（2014年，安徽卷）
Yu may nt have heard f Ashka, but fr the past 27 years,this assciatin, funded by Bill Draytn, has fught pverty (贫穷)and sickness, prmted educatin and encuraged small businesses. T supprt these wrthy causes, Ashka prvides mney fr the wrld's mst prmising "changemakers" seeking t slve (解决) urgent prblems and wuld like t create a wrld in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Draytn believes that anyne can becme an agent fr change. The imprtant thing is t simply give yurself permissin. If yu see a prblem that yu care abut, yu can help slve it. The yung in particular are willing t accept this cncept because at heart every child wants t grw int a happy, healthy, cntributing adult. In fact It is many yung peple's ambitin t set up prgrammes r businesses that imprve scial cnditins. An excellent example is an Ashka prject started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish prblem facing the city ,helped lcal farmers and prvided an incme fr pr peple there .
When Masqsd and Iftekhar began t study the prblem f all the uncllected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discvered that 80% f it was natural waste . S they educated the pr peple in the city t cmpst (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew that they wuld have a market fr the end prduct because lcal farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the sil ver the years . At first , they were refused ,but nce they were able t persuade____that there was mney t be made , the prject tk ff. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Draytn is ptimistic that in ten years Ashka will be making really serius ,practical prgress in bringing abut scial change by changing the way we lk at ecnmic develpment.
1.Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.changemakersB.Businessmen
C.Scial CnditinsD.Rubbish Prblem
2.The underlined wrd "them" in Paragraph 3 prbably refers t" "
A.the lcal farmersB.Masqsd and Iftekhar
C.Draytn and his teamD.the pr peple in Dhaka
3.It can be cncluded frm the passage that anyne can becme a changemaker if he .
A.cnsiders Draytn's cncept
B.gets permissin frm Ashka
C.tries t imprve scial cnditins
D.is a yung, happy and healthy adult
4.The authrs attitude twards Ashka's prgram can be described as
A.changingB.frgivingC.cautiusD.Psitive
15.（2014年，重庆卷）
The idea f being able t walk n water has lng interested humans greatly. Sadly, bilgical facts prevent us ever accmplishing such a thing withut artificial aid---we simply weigh t much, and all ur mass pushes dwn thrugh ur relatively small feet, resulting in a lt f pressure that makes us sink.
Hwever, several types f animals can walk n water. One f the mst interesting is the cmmn basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴)native t Central and Suth America. It can run acrss water fr a distance f several meters, aviding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per secnd t keep mving frward. Fr humans t d this, we，d need huge feet that we culd bring up t ur ears in rder t create adequate w hitting. ’’
But frtunately there is an alternative : crnflur. By adding enugh f this cmmn thickening agent t water (and it des take a lt), yu can create a “nn-Newtnian” liquid that desn’t behave like nrmal water. Nw, if the surface f the water is hit hard enugh, particles(粒子）in the water grup tgether fr a mment t make the surface hard. Mve quickly enugh and put enugh frce int each step, and yu really can walk acrss the surface f an adequately thick Liquid f crnflur.
Fun thugh all this may sund, it’s still rather messy and better read abut in thery than carried ut in practice. If yu must d it, then keep the water wings handy in case yu start t sink--and take a shwer afterward!
1.Walking n water hasn’t becme a reality mainly because humans______.
A.are nt interested in it
B.have bilgical limitatins
C.have nt invented prper tls
D.are afraid t make an attempt
2.What d we knw abut Basilicus basilicus frm the passage?
A.It is light enugh t walk n water.
B.Its huge feet enable it t stay abve water.
C.It can run acrss water at a certain speed.
D.Its unique skin keeps it frm getting wet in water.
3.What is the functin f the crnflur accrding t the passage?
A.T create a thick liquid.
B.T turn the water int slid.
C.T help the liquid behave nrmally.
D.T enable the water t mve rapidly.
4.What is the authr’s attitude tward the idea f humans’ walking n water?
A.It is risky but beneficial.
B.It is interesting and wrth trying.
C.It is crazy and cannt becme a reality.
D.It is impractical thugh theretically pssible.
16.（2013年，辽宁卷）
Here is an astnishing and signficant fact:Mental wrk alne can’t make us tired. It sunds absurd. But a few years ag, scientists tried t find ut hw lng the human culd labr withut reaching a stage f fatigue(疲劳). T the amazement f these scientists, they discvered thett bld passing thrugh the brain, when it is active, shws n fatigue at all! If we tk a drp f bld frm a day laburer, we culd find it full f fatigue txins(毒素) and fatigue prducts. But if we tk bld frm the brain f Albert Einstein, it wuld shw n fatigue txing at the end f the day.
S far as the brain is cncerned, it can wrk as well and swiftly at the end f eight r even twelve hurs f effrts as at the beginning. The brain is ttally tireless. S what makes us tired.
Sme scientists declare that mst f ur fatigue cme frm ur mental and emtinal(情感的) attitudes. One f England’s mst utstanding scientists. J. A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part f the fatigue frm which we suffer is f mental rigin. In fact,fatigue f purely physical rigin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famus American scientist, ges even further. He declares,“One hundred percent f the fatigue f a sitting wrker in gd health is due t emtinal prblems.”
What kinds f emtins make sitting wrkers tired?Jy?Satifactin?N!A feeling f being bred,anger,anxiety,tenseness,wrry,a feeling f nt being appreciated---thse are emtins that tire sitting wrkers.Hard wrk by itself seldm causes fatigue.We get tired because ur emtins prduce nervusness in the bdy.
1.What surprised the scientists a few years ag?
A.Fatigue txins culd hardly be fund in a labur’s bld.
B.Albert Eistein didn’t feel wrn ut after a day’s wrk.
C.The brain culd wrk fr many hurs withut fatigue.
D.A mental wrker’s bld was filled with fatigue txins.
2.Accrding t the authr,which f the fllwing can make sitting wrker tired？
A.Challenge mental wrk.
B.Unpleasant emtins.
C.Endless tasks.
D.Physical labr.
3.What’s the authur’s attitude twards the scientists’ ideas?
A.He agrees with them.
B.He dubts them
C.He argues against them.
D.He hesitates t accept them.
4.We can infer frm the passage that in rder t stay energetic, sitting wrkers need t ______.
A.have sme gd bld
B.enjy their wrk
C.exercise regularly
D.discver fatigue txin
17.（2011年，陕西卷）
Ever since they were first put n the market in the early 1990s, genetically mdified (GM, 转基因) fds have been increasingly develped and marketed in many cuntries in the wrd,mainly n the basis f their prmise t end the wrldwide fd crisis. But can GM technlgy slve wrld hunger prblems? Even if it wuld, is it the best slutin?
Despite what it prmises, GM technlgy actually has nt increased the prductin ptential f any crp. In fact, studies shw that the mst widely grwn GM crp. GM sybeans, has suffered reduced prductivity. Fr instance, a reprt than analysed nearly tw decades f research n mjr GM fd crps shws that GM engineering has failed t significantly increase US crp prductin.
Smething else, hwever, has been n the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM cmpanies tell farmers that they will make gd prfits by saving mney n pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the cntrary, US gvernment data shw that GM crps in the US have prduced an verall increase in pesticide use cmpared t traditinal crps. “The prmise was that yu culd use less chemicals and bst prductin. But nether is true,” said Bill Christisn, President f the US Natinal Farm Calitin.
At the same time, the authrs f the bk Wrld Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is mre than enugh fd in the wrld and that the hunger crisis is nt caused by prductin, but by prblems in fd distributin and plitics. These indeed deserve ur effrts and mney. Meanwhile, the rise in fd prices results frm the increased use f crps fr fuel rather than fd, accrding t a 2008 Wrld Bank reprt.
As a matter f fact, scientists see better ways t feed the wrld. Anther Wrld Bank reprt cncluded that GM crps have little t ffer t the challenges f wrldwide pverty and hunger, because better ways ut are available, amng which “green” farming is suppsed t be the first chice.
78.The authr develps the secnd paragraph mainly .
A.by classificatinB.by cmparisn
C.by exampleD.by prcess
79.What des the underlined wrd “bst ” in the third paragraph prbably mean?
A.Cntrl.B.EvaluateC.Obtain.D.Increase.
80.GM cmpanies prmise farmers that they will benefit frm ______________.
A.practicing “green” farmingB.use f less chemicals
C.fair distributin f their crpsD.using mre crps fr fuel
81.Which f the fllwing best describes the attitude f the authr twards GM technlgy?
A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.DisapprvingD.Casual
18.（2011年，北京卷）
As the railrads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electhical generating（发电）and transmissin（输送）systen fr the 21th century will leave a lasting mark n the West, fr better r wrse. Much f the real significance f railrads and highways is nt in their direct physical effect n the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the suuruding cmmunity. The same is true f big slar ppants and the pwer lines that will be laid dwm t mve electricity arund.
The 19thcentury saw land grants（政府拨地）ffered t railrad cmpanies t build the transcntinental railrads ,leaving public land in between privately wned land . In much f the west ,sme f the railrad sectins were develped while thers remained undevelped ,and in bth cases the landwnership has presented unique challenges t land management ,with the cmpletin r the interstate highway system ,many f the small twns which sprang up as railway stps and develped well ,have lst their lifebld and died .
Big slar plants and their pwer lines will als have effects far beynd their direct ftprint in the west .this is nt an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and t really take advantage f it we need t be able t mve electricity arund far mre readily than we can nw .
S trade-ffs will have t be made .sme scenic sprt will be sacrificed .sme species (物种)will be frced t mve ,r will be carefully mved t special accmmdatins ,deals will be struck t reduce the immediate effects .
The lasting effects f these trade-ffs are anther matter .the 21stcentury develpment f the American west as an ideal place fr alternative energy is ging t thrw ff a lt f pwer and mney t d a lt f gd .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new prblems behind ,just like the railrad and the highway .
The mney set aside in negtiated trade –ffs and the institutin that cntrl will shape the west far beynd the immediate ftprint f pwer plants and transmissin lines .s let’s remember the effects f the railrad and the highways as we cnstruct these new pwer plants in the west .
1.what was the prblem caused by the cnstructin f the railways ?
A.small twns alng the railways became abandned .
B.sme railrad stps remained .
C.land in the west was hard t manage .
D.land grants went int private hands.
2.what is the majr cncern in the develpment f alternative energy accrding t the last tw paragraphs ?
A.the transmissin f pwerB.the use f mney and pwer
C.the cnservatin f slar energyD.the selectin f an ideal place
3.what is the authr ‘s attitude twards building slar plants ?
A.cautiusB.apprvingC.dubtfulD.disapprving
4.which is the best title fr the passage ?
A.hw the railways have affected the west
B.hw slar energy culd reshape the west
C.hw the effects f pwer plants can be reduced
D.hw the prblems f the highways have been settled
考点
题型
推理判断之写作态度
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]D
35.What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
写作态度
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
25．What was the attitude f the authr’s father tward buying grceries with jars?
写作态度
2021
2021·新高考I卷
阅读D34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
写作态度
2021·北京
65. What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject？
写作态度
2020
2020年新课标Ⅰ卷
C篇31. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
写作态度
2020年，天津卷，第一次高考
23.What is the authr's attitude twards the prspect f electric flying?
写作态度