专题一6.第十六章 定语从句（初升高衔接）（教师版+学生版）--（人教版高中英语）

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初中知识回顾
回顾：定语从句
定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫作关系代词(that,which,wh,whm,whse)或关系副词(when,where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。
1.通常只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,smething,anything,nthing,everything等时。
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被all,any,every,each,few,little,n,sme,the nly,the very,the last等修饰时。
(3)如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。
2.通常只用which的情况
(1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。
(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that。
(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。
3.wh,whm与whse引导的定语从句
(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词
anyne,anybdy,everyne,everybdy,smene,smebdy,nbdy,ne,nes,thse,all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用wh,作宾语用whm,不用which.。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用wh,作宾语用whm,不用which。
(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whse,它相当于the+名词+f+which/whm;非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+f+which/whm”结构。
4.关系副词where,when与why引导的定语从句
它们相当于“介词+which”,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=fr+which。
5.介词+关系代词
当关系代词作介词的宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whm”,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。
1.Everyne was surprised at the phts定语从句were taken by Mr.Thmas in the deep sea.(D)
A.wh B./C.whatD.which
2.(2021滨州,27)In my pinin, f all the bks, this is the nly ne is well wrth reading.
A.wh B.that
C.whm D.what
B 【解析】句意:在我看来,在所有的书中,这是唯一值得一读的一本。本题考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处后面的内容修饰the nly ne作定语,先行词指物,关系代词用that。故选B。
3.(2021湖南怀化,28)—D yu knw the wman wears a blue skirt?
—Oh,she's my aunt.
A.which B.wh C.what
B 【解析】句意:——你认识那个穿蓝色短裙的女人吗?——哦,她是我姑姑。本题考查定语从句。先行词指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,故应该用wh或that。故答案为B。
4.(2021云南,32)Yuan Lngping is a great scientist was hnred as “The Father f Hybrid Rice”.
A.when B.wh C.which D.whse
B 【解析】本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientist,从句中缺少主语,且先行词指人,所以关系词用wh, 故选B。
5.(2021青海,36)Chaka Salt Lake is knwn as the Mirrr f the Sky interests mre and mre turists.
A.where B.which C.wh
B 【解析】考查定语从句。依据语境可知设空处引导定语从句,并且在从句中作主语,先行词为Chaka Salt Lake,指物。故选B。
6.(2021黑龙江绥化,23)I like smart clthes are made f silk.
A.wh B.which C.what
B 【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词clthes指物,关系词在从句中作主语。故选B。
高中定语从句
一. 定义
定语从句：在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。
先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。
结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句
起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用
关系代词引导的定语从句
wh/that：Is he the man wh/that wants t see yu?
(在从句中作主语和宾语)
先行词为是人的名词或代词 whm：He is the man whm/wh/ that I saw yesterday.
(在从句中作宾语)
whse：They rushed ver t help the man whse car had brken dwn.
(在从句中作定语)
which/that: A prsperity which / that had never been seen befre appears
先行词是事物的名词或代词 (在从句中作主语和宾语)in the cuntryside.
The package （which / that）yu are carrying is abut t fall dwn.
whse: Please pass me the bk whse （f which the）cver is green.
(在从句中作定语)
考点一 考查关系代词引导的定语从句
1. A persn ________ e-mail accunt is full wn’t be able t send r receive any e-mails. (天津卷)
A. wh B. whm C. whse D. whever
2. Many children, ________ parents are away wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village. (安徽卷)
A. their B. whse C. f them D. with whm
3. My friend shwed me rund the twn, ________ was very kind f him. (全国Ⅱ)
A. which B. that C. where D. it
4. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly ften, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山东卷)
A. wh B. which C. when D. that
1C。【解析】在所给的四个关系代词中，只有whse能用于名词用作定语，故选C。又如：A bkseller is a persn whse jb is selling bks. 书商就是其职业是卖书的人。
2B。【解析】their是物主代词，不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，所以不能选;在其余三个选 项中，只有whse能用于名词用作定语，故选B。句意为：许多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了，他们在 家乡被照顾得很好。
3A。【解析】由于两个句子之间没有并列连词，所以不能选B或D;而where是关系副词，不能用作 主语;which在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中用作主语。又如：Peter drve t fast, which was dangerus. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。
4B。【解析】that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，故可排除;when是关系副词，不用作主语，故 也可排除;wh用于指人，但这里的定语从句不是修饰her，而是修饰whenever I met her，故不能用wh， 此处应用which。又如：He said that he had never seen her befre, which was nt true. 他说他从 没见到过她，这是不真实的。
关系副词引导的定语从句
when: There are ccasins when （n which）ne must yield.
(介词+ which)
先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词 where: Beijing is the place where（in which）I was brn.
(关系副词在从句中作状语)
why: Is this the reasn why （fr which） he refused ur ffer?
1 This is the muntain village where I stayed last year.
2. This is the muntain village （which）I visited last year.
3. I’ll never frget the days when I wrked tgether with yu.
4. I'll never frget the days （which）I spent in the cuntryside.
四.判断关系代词与关系副词
1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全
取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词
后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；
而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
1. This museum is ___ yu visited a few days ag.
2. This is the museum ___ the exhibitin was held.
A. where B. that C. n which D. the ne
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（wh, whm, that, which, whse）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）
2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分
（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确
选择出关系代词/关系副词。
考点一 考查关系副词引导的定语从句
1. Mzart’s birthplace and the huse ________ he cmpsed “The Magic Flute” are bth museums nw. (上海卷)
A. where B. when C. there D. which
2. It’s helpful t put children in a situatin ________ they can see themselves differently. (福建卷)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
3. Life is like a lng race ________ we cmpete with thers t g beynd urselves. (重庆卷)
A. why B. what C. that D. where
4. She’ll never frget her stay there, ________ she fund her sn wh had gne missing tw years befre. (四川卷)
A. that B. which C. where D. when
5. Because f the financial crisis, days are gne ________ lcal 5-star htels charged 6,000 yuan fr ne night.
A. if B. when C. which D. since
1A。【解析】由于定语从句he cmpsed “The Magic Flute”的主语和宾语是完整的 ，所以不能选D；when指时间，不用于修饰表地点的先行词the huse，故也不能选;而there不是关系词， 不能引导定语从句。
2D。【解析】由于定语从句they can see themselves differently的主语和宾语是完整的，所以不能选A和C；when指时间，不用于修饰表地点的先行词a situatin，故也不能选。
3D。【解析】由于定语从句we cmpete with thers t g beynd urselves的句子结构是完整 的，不缺主语或宾语，所以不能选C； why引导定语从句，其先行词只能是the reasn，而不用于其他场合 ，故不能选;what不是关系词，不能用于引导定语从句，故也可排除;where在此引导定语从句，修饰名词 race，相当于in which。句意为：人生就像一场长途赛跑，在赛跑中我们为了超越自我而与别人竞争。
4D。【解析】that不用于引导非限制性定语从句，故被排除;which引导定语从句必须在定语从句 中充当主语或宾语，与本题的句子结构不符，故也被排除;where引导定语从句时，其前先行词只能是表示 地点的名词，而本题的先行词her stay there(她待在那儿期间)不是表地点，而是表时间，故C也可排除; 关系副词when在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词her stay。句意为：她永远不会忘记她待在那儿的 那段时间，在此其间她找到了她两年前失踪的孩子。
5B。【解析】when在此用于引导定语从句，修饰名词days。此题的难点是先行词days与关系副词 when之间被are gne，容易误解句子结构。句意为：由于金融危机，当地五星级宾馆每晚收费6,000元的 日子已经过去了。
五．关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
（错）The tree, that is fur hundred years ld, is very famus here.
b） 介词后不能用。例如：
We depend n the land frm which we get ur fd. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
We depend n the land that/which we get ur fd frm.
2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b）在不定代词，如：anything, nthing, the ne, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
Is there anything that I can d fr yu?
All that is needed is a supply f il. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stlen t the plice. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察
c）先行词有the nly, the very修饰时，只用that。
My necklace is nt the nly thing that is missing.
d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
That is ne f the mst interesting bks that are sld in the bkshp.
The first thing that we shuld d is t get sme fd.
e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
The writer and his nvel that yu have just talked abut are really well knwn.
六．定语从句中只用which而不用that情况
①当关系代词前有介词时：
This is the huse f which the windws face suth.
②引导非限制性定语从句只用which。which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。
Tm came back, which made us happy.
His dg, which was very ld, became ill.
③先行词是that, thse且指物时，关系词用which。
What's that which was bright in the car?
④一个句子两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。
Let me shw yu the nvel that I brrwed frm the library which was newly pen t us.
随堂练习
一.单句填空
1.In 1984,Dr. Mary Grda-Lewis, was thirty-five years ld then, graduated with hnrs and realized her dream.
【答案】wh
2.He said, “ added a small mustache, wuld add age withut hiding my expressin.”
【答案】which
3.The act, frbids trading, was passed in 1448 and is still in frce.
【答案】which
4.Our ffice wasn’t far frm Chinatwn, I fund sme very gd Chinese restaurants.
【答案】where
5.As mre and mre peple wn private cars, parking has becme a big headache fr many car wners, especially fr thse live in dwntwn areas withut enugh parking spaces.
【答案】wh
6.Nw millins f fans are eagerly awaiting its eighth and final seasn, starts n April 14.
【答案】which
7.After living in Australia fr many years,Luise finally returned t the cuntry she was brn.
【答案】where
8.There are perhaps 40 millin cmpetitive table tennis players and many rdinary peple play less seriusly.
【答案】wh
9.He was a great scientist and an extrardinary man wrk and legacy will live n fr many years.
【答案】whse
10.That is an Oxfrd cllege, famus graduates include the late Benazir Bhutt.
【答案】whse
11.But it’s nt like many ther cuntries there seems t be tensin amng the different cultures.
【答案】where
12.Then, a fire, brke ut in 1969 n Cleveland’s Cuyahga River, shed light n the prblem f chemical pllutin in water.
【答案】which
13.Pupils, usually cme frm the fifth r sixth grade, are divided int different teams and try t write dwn every wrd accrding t its prnunciatin.
【答案】wh
14.I am already lking frward t their next visit I can shw them mre f what Seville ffers.
【答案】when
二.单句改错
15.It will be ten mnths befre I attend the Cllege Entrance Examinatin, that makes me wrried.
【答案】that→which
16.I have an American friend, Marianne,she lives alne but has a pet dg, Sparky.
【答案】she→wh
17.In the year 2013 which I was 15, I jined an exchange student prgram.
【答案】which→when
18.It’s a black square suitcase, what is just as big as a schlbag.
【答案】what→which
19.When I was 12, I met Mary. She came t China with her parents, whm taught English in a university.
【答案】whm→wh
三
1.(2019江苏,21)We have entered int an age dreams have the best chance f cming true.
【答案】when
2.(2019天津,11)Their child is at the stage she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
【答案】where
3.(2018北京,5)She and her family bicycle t wrk, helps them keep fit.
【答案】which
4.(2018天津,2)Kate, sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
【答案】whse
5.(2018江苏,23)Self-driving is an area China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
【答案】where
6.(2017天津,9)My eldest sn, wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
【答案】whse
7.(2017江苏,28)In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
【答案】 whse
8.(2016北京,22)I live next dr t a cuple children ften make a lt f nise.
【答案】whse
9.(2016天津,9)We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
【答案】when
10.(2016浙江,11)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f has been prved.
【答案】which
11.(2015北京,24)Oppsite is St.Paul’s Church, yu can hear sme lvely music.
【答案】where
12.(2015江苏,21)The number f smkers, is reprted,has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
【答案】as
13.(2015天津,15)The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere his emplyees enjy their wrk.
【答案】where
14.(2015安徽,28)Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn schl educatin depends.
【答案】which
15.(2015福建,34)China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
【答案】which
16.(2015陕西,15)As the smallest child f his family,Alex is always lnging fr the time he shuld be able t be independent.
【答案】when
17.(2015四川,3)The bks n the desk, cvers are shiny,are prizes fr us.
【答案】whse
四
There was a time 1 I was tired f learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reasn 2 my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.When I first came t the club, 3 I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately,my guide, 4 teacher was Yu Minhng,cmmunicated with me face t face,frm 5 I gained sme useful instructins.He als intrduced a gd partner t me,and we gt alng well with each ther.Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6 we did.I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide, 7 encuraged me t fall in lve with English.Nw I feel it interesting t learn English,int 8 I put my entire energy.Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.In class I jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep,I recall the passages,thrugh 9 I can memrize a large number f new wrds. 10 ur English teacher says,“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance,yu will master English sner r later.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】