专题一4.第十四章 语气（初升高衔接）（教师版+学生版）--（人教版高中英语）

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初中学习的是陈述语气和祈使语气。这两种语气，都是表示真实的描述、推测或者命令等。
回顾一：陈述语气
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
1.There a basketball match in ur schl tmrrw.
A.will have B.will beC.areD.is ging t be
回顾二：祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
2. yur umbrella,r yu'll catch a cld n such a rainy day.
A.Take B.T takeC.TakingD.Takes
高中知识衔接
在高中，我们要学习虚拟语气。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的假设。
知识一：if型虚拟语气
if条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：
从句 主句
与过去事实相反 had dnewuld/culd/might have dne
与现在事实相反did/werewuld/culd/might d
与将来事实相反were t d/shuld d/didwuld/culd/might d
经典例题
I didn't see yur sister at the meeting.If she ， she wuld have met my brther.
A.has cmeB.did cmeC.cameD.had cme
【引申】 Jhn went t the hspital alne.If he me abut it，I wuld have gne with him.
A.shuld tell B.tells C.tld D.had tld
知识二：wish型虚拟语气
1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气， 其句型结构如下：
与过去事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用had dne
与现在事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用did
与将来事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用wuld/culd d
如： I wish I were as tall as yu.我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that.他希望他没讲那样的话。
同样地， 在as if/as thugh引导的宾语从句中和以if nly引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气 句子中， 谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。
2.由if nly引导的虚拟语气
与过去事实相反 谓语动词用had dne
与现在事实相反 谓语动词用did
如： If nly it wuld stp raining.雨要是停了就好了。
3.由as if/as thugh引导的虚拟语气
与过去事实相反 谓语动词用had dne
与现在事实相反 谓语动词用did
The machine perated as thugh it had been repaired.这台机器运行起来好像已被修理过似 的。
经典例题
1.一Where are the children?The dinner's ging t be cmpletely ruined.
—I wish they always late.
A.weren'tB.hadn't beenC.wuldn't beD.wuldn't have been
【引申】
-I have gne thrugh a hard time in the last few years.
-Really?I wish yu me abut it earlier.After all,we are friends.
A.tldB.had tldC.wuld tldD.tell
2.When a pencil is partly in a glass f water,it lks as if it .
A.breaksB.has brkenC.were brkenD.had been brken
【引申】一Thank yu fr telling me f the time,r I late yesterday.
-Dn't mentin it.
shuld beB.wuld be C.will have been D.wuld have been
知识三：含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现用f引导的条件句，而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的。
如：withut,but fr,therwise,r,but that,given,prvided,suppsing,were it nt fr等等。如：
Were it nt fr yur help,I wuld haven't finished the wrk n time.要不是你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。
经典例题
I thrugh that bitter perid withut yur generus help.
A.culdn't have gneB.didn't gC.wuldn't gD.hadn't gne
【引申】Withut his help,I the wrk in time.
A.can nt finishB.will nt finishC.had nt finishedD.culd nt have finished
知识四：其他类型的虚拟语气
1.表示命令、建议、请求、坚决做(rder,demand,desire,require,request,suggest,advice,decide,insist)等动词后的宾语从句使用(shuld)+动词原形的虚拟语气。
2.wuld rather sb.did sth.表示对现在或者将来的虚拟；wuld rather sb.had dne表示对过去的虚拟。
经典例题中
Gerge is ging t talk abut the gegraphy f his cuntry,but I'd rather he mre n its culture.
A.fcusB.fcusedC.wuld fcusD.had fcused
【引申】
-Dn't yu think it necessary that he t Miami but t New Yrk?
-I agree,but the prblem is_ he has refused t.
A.will nt be sent;thatB.nt be sent;that
C.shuld nt be sent;whatD.shuld nt send;what
思考总结
虚拟语气是高中阶段的重点也是难点语法，常常用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、建议、惊奇、设想等。其常考点为：1.判断表示建议、命令、请求后的从句所使用的虚拟语气；2.withut,but fr等隐含的虚拟语气；3.if引导的错综时间虚拟语气。
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Shuld naps(小睡) actually (take) during the day?
2.There are tw drivers. One has a destinatin in mind which can (find) n a map.
Ⅱ.单句改错
4.Thugh I dn’t knw what I can d fr the animals yet, I can at least t fllw my brther.
5.She als suggested that I can intrduce my culture t my classmates.
二
1.(2019江苏,31)What a pity!Yu missed the sightseeing, r we (have)a gd time tgether.
2.(2019天津,14)The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they (accmplish) the task in half the time.
3.(2018北京,12)In tday’s infrmatin age, the lss f data cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.
4.(2018天津,10)I can’t find my purse. I have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m nt sure.
5.(2018天津,15)If we (catch)the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach nw.
6.(2018江苏,27)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I (have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
7.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest by in ur class, easily reach the bks n the tp shelf.
8.(2017天津,2)My rm is a mess, but I clean it befre I g ut tnight. I can d it in the mrning.
9.(2017天津,15)—D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I (be) able t reach her yesterday.
10.(2017江苏,22) (be) it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
11.(2016北京,31)I lve the weekend, because I get up early n Saturdays and Sundays.
12.(2016北京,34)Why didn’t yu tell me abut yur truble last week? If yu (tell)me, I culd have helped.
13.(2016天津,5)It was really annying; I get access t the data bank yu had recmmended.
14.(2016江苏,27)If it (be)fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
15.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me sme truble I knwn the schedule.
16.(2015天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
17.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we bked a rm,r we (have)nwhere t stay nw.
18.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.
19.(2015北京,29)—Can’t yu stay a little lnger?
—It’s getting late.I really g nw.My daughter is hme alne.
三
1.(2020届云南昆明一中摸底一,67)The Ecnmist can (split) int tw parts: Wrld Plitics and Current Affairs.
2.(2020届山西省实验中学月考一,44)It has great ptential t imprve ppulatin health and shuld (cnsider) fr large-scale use in China, accrding t the study.