英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案

这是一份英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案，文件包含2025届高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters解析版docx、2025届高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共34页， 欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．trnad n．(pl.-es r -s)龙卷风；旋风
2．drught n．旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．tsunami n．海啸
5．vlcanic eruptin火山喷发
6．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
7．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
8．helicpter n．直升机
9．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
10．brick n．砖；砖块
11．metal n．金属
12．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
13．vlcan n．(pl.-es r -s)火山
14．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
15．typhn n．台风
16．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
17．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
18．kit n．成套工具；成套设备
19．first aid kit急救箱
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动
3．fld n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
5．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
6．destry vt.摧毁；毁灭
7．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
8．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
9．gas n．气体；燃气；汽油
10．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
11．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
12．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
13．effrt n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
14．cntext n．上下文；语境；背景
15．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
16．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
17．pipe n．管子；管道
18．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况
19．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
20．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(frmal)帮助；援助
21．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
22．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
23．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
24．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
2．shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shcking adj.令人震惊的→shcked adj.感到震惊的
3．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrnic adj.电子的
4．bury vt.埋葬；安葬→burial n．埋葬；葬礼
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
7．wisdm n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．痛苦→sufferer n．患者；受难者
9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生存→survivr n．幸存者；生还者
10．pwer n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→pwerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的→pwerless adj.无力的
11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
12．summary n．总结；概括；概要→summaris(z)e vt.& vi.总结；概括
13．effect n．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
14．length n．长；长度→lng adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
1．breeze /briːz/ n．微风；和风；轻而易举的事 vt.轻盈而自信地走
2．becme jaded with对……感到厌倦
3．endw /In'daʊ/ vt.捐赠；资助
4．array /ə'reI/ n．大量；大群；阵列 vt.布置；排列
5．thread /θred/ n．线；思路；线状物 vt.& vi.穿(针)；穿过
6．beam /biːm/ n．光线；束；梁 vi.& vt.照射；发光；发热
7．weave /wiːv/ vt.& vi.(wve /wəʊv/r weaved，wven /'wəʊvn/r weaved)编织；编纂；编造
8．web /web/ n．蛛网；网络，错综复杂的事物
9．prey /preI/ n．猎物；受害者 vt.捕食；欺凌；敲诈
10．deliberately /dI'lIbərətli/ adv.故意；蓄意；从容不迫地→deliberate /dI'lIbərət/ adj.故意的；蓄意的 vi.& vt.深思熟虑
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shck震惊；吃惊
4．in the pen air露天；在户外
5．n hand现有(尤指帮助)
6．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
7．refuse t d sth 拒绝做某事
8．as usual像往常一样
9．cme t an end告终；结束
10．the number f……的数量
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat，and dgs refused t g inside buildings.()
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
2．It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
3．Water，fd，and electricity were hard t get.(主语＋be＋adj.＋t d)
没有水和食物，电也停了。
4．Sn after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.(thse wh...)
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
5．The mst pwerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed int castlines acrss Asia yesterday，killing mre than 6,500 peple in Indnesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least fur ther cuntries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。
6．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.(be 正在做……突然……)
当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．trnad n．龙卷风；旋风
2．drught n．旱灾；久旱
3．tsunami n．海啸
4．helicpter n．直升机
5．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
6．brick n．砖；砖块
7．metal n．金属
8．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
9．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
10．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共18分)
1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
2．destry vt.摧毁；毁灭
3．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
4．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
5．disaster n．灾难；灾害
6．effrt n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
7．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
8．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
9．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
10．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
11．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
12．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共9分)
1．effect n．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
2．shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shcking adj.令人震惊的→shcked adj.感到震惊的
3．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrnic adj.电子的
4．pwer n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→pwerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的→pwerless adj.无力的
5．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
6．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．breeze n．微风；和风；轻而易举的事 vt.轻盈而自信地走
2．becme jaded with对……感到厌倦
3．beam n．光线；束；梁 vi.& vt.照射；发光；发热
4．web n．蛛网；网络，错综复杂的事物
5．deliberately adv.故意；蓄意；从容不迫地→deliberate adj.故意的；蓄意的 vi.& vt.深思熟虑
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)
1．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shck震惊；吃惊
4．in the pen air露天；在户外
5．refuse t d sth拒绝做某事
6．as usual像往常一样
7．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)
1．The wise man has much wisdm and can handle varius matters wisely.(wisdm)
2．We measured the length f the area and fund it was just three meters lng and thus，we needed t lengthen it.(length)
3．He takes a deep breath and breathes in the sweet smell f fresh flwers.(breathe)
4．Mastering sme basic skills wuld greatly increase yur chances f survival.Thanks t the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible fld and they were the nly tw survivrs.(survive)
5．The deadly disease has affected many peple and has caused at least 30 deaths up t nw.(dead)
6．When yu write a summary f an article，summaris(z)ing the main idea f each part is the first step.(summary)
7．She has been suffering frm the lss f memry since she had that car accident and her suffering is beynd descriptin.(suffer)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2.5分，共15分)
eq \x(sweep away，n hand，in ruins，cme t an end，the number f，in the pen air)
1．The summer vacatin came t an end at last and we wuld return t schl.
2．With the develpment f China，the number f peple studying Chinese in the West is increasing rapidly.
3．What made us frustrated was that the flds swept away all the huses.
4．It was because f an unexpected rain that we culdn’t g n a picnic in the pen air.
5．He wants t see me nw，but I have s much wrk n hand that I wuld rather he came tmrrw than tday.
6．S many years f fighting have left the area in ruins.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
1．看到凶猛的熊，埃莉吓呆了，害怕得一动不动。(读后续写之心理描写)()(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
At the sight f the fierce bear，Elli frze with terrr，t scared t mve an inch.
2．他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞似的，兴奋得睁大了眼睛。(as if引导的虚拟语气)
(2023·浙江6月)
He thrws his arms and legs ut as if he were flying，his eyes wide with excitement.
3．我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(主语＋be＋adj.＋t d)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
My head was difficult t pull ut f the huge pumpkin.
4．想参加此次采摘活动的人被要求明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。(thse wh...)
Thse wh want t participate in the picking activity are required t gather at the schl gate at 7：00 am tmrrw.
5．当我在浏览我们学校的网站时，我注意到了英文报纸Yuth。(be )
(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
I was surfing ur schl’s website when I nticed the English newspaper Yuth.
Disasters such as trnades，drughts，flds，landslides，vlcanic eruptins，typhns，hurricanes and earthquakes have cme ne after anther,1.causing(cause) great damage t many cuntries.In summary，the earthquake has the 2.wrst(bad) effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused mre than 240,000 3.deaths(die).90 percent f hmes lay in ruins and peple suffered a lt.Fd，water and electricity were hard t get.Everywhere 4.the shcked survivrs saw destryed bricks，deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if the wrld were at an end.Rescue teams wh were in shck dug ut the trapped,5.buried(bury) the dead，and built shelters in the pen air.With unified effrts and wisdm f all peple，the city revived 6.itself(it) and began t breathe again.Earthquakes under the sea can als cause tsunamis.The tsunami 7.that/which struck Asia in 2004 crashed int castlines.Huge waves swept away many peple.Freign cuntries aided these areas by delivering fd and supplies by helicpters.Thugh these natural disasters can nt be avided，we can take sme prtective measures 8.t lwer(lwer) their damage.When 9.trapped(trap) in an emergency we shuld keep calm，tap n a pipe r whistle fr help，stay away frm pwer lines and survive n what yu have n hand.Last but nt least，always keep first aid kits at hme 10.in case.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
shck n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊(shcked adj.感到震惊的 shcking adj.令人震惊的)
(1)All f us were shcked at the shcking news that many deaths had been caused by the fld.(shck)
(2)汤姆在马拉松比赛中赢得了冠军，这对我们大家来说非常震惊。
Tm wn the champinship in the marathn，which was a great shck t/greatly shcked us all.
(3)听到家乡被飓风摧毁的消息，她吓得脸色苍白。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
She paled with shck at the news that her hmetwn was destryed by the hurricane.
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．陷阱；险境
(1)Peple with weak cntrl pwer are likely t be trapped int buying useless gds by the webcast.
(2)Trapped(trap) in the ruins fr tw days，the girl cnstantly held a psitive attitude，firmly believing that smene wuld cme t her rescue.
(3)这位可怜的幸存者设下了一个简单的陷阱，试图抓住一只兔子来充饥，但却是白费力气。
The pr survivr laid/set a simple trap，attempting t catch a rabbit t satisfy his hunger，but in vain.
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏(burial n．埋葬；葬礼)
(1)自毕业以来，她一直埋头于文物保护和修复工作，在这一领域做出了巨大贡献。(话题写作之人物介绍)
Ever since graduatin，she has been buried in/buried herself in relic prtectin and restratin wrk，making great cntributins in this field.
(2)Hearing the bad news，she buried her face in her hands and burst int tears.(读后续写之动作描写)
→Hearing the bad news，she burst int tears，burying her face in her hands.(现在分词作状语)
→Hearing the bad news，she burst int tears，with her face buried in her hands.(with复合结构)
→Hearing the bad news，she burst int tears，her face buried in her hands.(独立主格结构)
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n．受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难 sufferer n．受难者；患者)
(1)得知我的搭档得了重病，我非常焦虑，所以我冲向了医院。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
Knwing that my partner was suffering frm a serius illness，I was burning with anxiety，s I darted twards the hspital.
(2)我的老师感叹道：“在写作的过程中，你一定经历过失败和艰辛。正是这些痛苦使你的意志更加坚强。” (2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
My teacher exclaimed，“In the prcess f writing，yu must have suffered defeats and hardships.It is the sufferings that make yu mre strng-willed.”
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长(survivr n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还)
(1)The survivr wed his survival t a TV prgram，which taught what t survive n when trapped in the wild.(survive)
(2)Althugh the ld lady suffered frm a serius illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years.
(3)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
Life isn’t abut hw t survive the strm；it’s abut learning t dance in the rain.
strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
(1)The wrkers are cming ut n strike fr higher wages，which is a shck t the gvernment.
(2)我的朋友们都被一只小鸟和它的救命恩人之间的深厚联系深深打动了。
(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)
My friends were all deeply struck by/with the prfund bnd between a little bird and her saver.
(3)我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。
A gd idea struck/hit/ccurred t me that we culd give a handmade gift t ur teacher fr the cming Teachers’ Day.
→It struck/hit/ccurred t me that we culd give a handmade gift t ur teacher fr the cming Teachers’ Day.(用it作形式主语改写)
as if引导的虚拟语气 It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
(1)Listen，the whistle f an ambulance！It seems as if there is(be) an emergency.
(2)When a pencil is partly put int water，it lks as if it were(be) brken.
(3)At the bad news，Mary frze with shck，as if rted(rt) t the grund.
(4)我一走进房子，它就发出了高兴的喵喵声，好像是在告诉我它以前住在这里。
The mment I stepped int the huse，it let ut a mew f delight as if (it were) telling me it previusly lived here.(拟人表达)
用法点拨 当as if/thugh引导方式状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
be I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
(1)我们刚从着火的房子里逃出来，房子就倒向地面，我们吓得魂不附体。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
We had just escaped frm the burning huse when it fell t the grund and we were frightened ut f ur wits.
(2)手里捧着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊住了。我失去了平衡，努力想稳住自己，但是没用。罐子从我的手指间滑落，摔在了坚硬的泥土地上。我刚要去捡起碎片，就听到妈妈的声音，“发生了什么事？”(读后续写之片段描写)
With the jar in my hands，I was walking upstairs in a hurry when ne f my feet was caught n ne stair.Lsing balance，I tried t steady myself，but in vain.The jar slipped thrugh my fingers，and smashed n the hard-as-rck mud flr.I was abut t pick up the pieces when I heard my mm’s vice，“What’s happening？”
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．deliver
eq \x(A.递送 B.生小孩；接生 C.发表演说等)
(1)The princess had been delivered f a healthy baby by，which made the handsme prince wild with excitement. B
(2)The sn f a grcer，he’d spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Bernardsville，New Jersey.(2021·新课标Ⅰ) A
(3)Gd evening，everybdy.Prfessr King will be delivering his lecture in a mment，but let me intrduce him first.(2021·天津3月) C
2．affect
eq \x(A.影响 B.感动 C.疾病侵袭；使感染)
(1)Deeply affected by the film，we culdn’t hld back tears. B
(2)Indeed，the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess.(2021·全国乙) A
(3)Learning that yu are affected with a serius disease and have t return t Ireland，I am terribly srry abut it.(2020·浙江7月) C
3．pwer
eq \x(A.n.权力 B.n.力量，能力 C.n.有影响力的大国 D.n.电力 E.v.推动，驱动 F.n.统治；政权)
(1)It was in the year 1843 that he came t pwer with his wife’s assistance. F
(2)The electric car，pwered by the latest battery，can drive 600 miles n a single charge. E
(3)The patient is left with the pwer t chse what he wants t talk abut.(2021·天津3月) A
(4)Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy t change lives.(2020·浙江7月) B
(5)Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer lt f energy is lst during transmissin.(2020·全国Ⅰ) D
(6)The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy，and the lifebld f that technlgy has lng been electricity.(2022·浙江1月) C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)When we visited the ld family hme，past sweet memries came flding back.大量涌入
(2)Much f the cast has been ruined by the turism.糟蹋，破坏
(3)Birds singing in the tree，the bright five-star red flag waved in the breeze.飘动，起伏
(4)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext f ne thing they can help us d better.(2023·全国甲)背景
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．He made a great effrt t save the girl trapped(trap) in the burning huse.
2．This event will supply yu with a precius pprtunity t wrk with experts in this field.
3．Fr thusands f years，peple have tld fables t teach a lessn r t pass n wisdm(wise)．(2023·全国甲)
4．Buried(bury) in reading the legend f a master in basketball，he didn’t make it t schl n time.
5．As I swept(sweep) up the mess，I wndered why we had been breaking s many things ver the mnths.(2021·天津3月)
6.Cmpared with thse wh are engaged in manual labr，teachers experience mre mental sufferings(suffer)．
7．It struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending t knw what I didn’t knw.
8．The stadium and the gym laid in ruins after the big fire caused by careless smking.
9．She speaks English s fluently as if she had stayed(stay) in America fr a lng time.
10．T win an hnur fr his cuntry，he didn’t give up even if he gt injured in the race，setting(set) a gd example t thers.
完成句子
1．我在网上冲浪时，一篇关于00后消防员和00后志愿者的报道吸引了我的眼球。(be )

2．在重庆山火和泸定地震中涌现出了许多00后的榜样，他们表现出了勇敢和责任感。(emerge；定语从句)

3．在一些人眼中，00后似乎是最叛逆(rebellius)的一代。(as if)

4．然而，当面对自然灾害时，他们冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟或洪水中的人们，完全把他们自己的安全抛在了身后。(be trapped in ruins；be faced with；分词作状语)

5．深受他们故事的影响，我呼吁所有年轻人向他们学习，并承担起我们的责任。(be affected with/by；分词作状语)

组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。



参考范文
We Shuld Shulder the Respnsibility
I was surfing the Internet when a reprt abut pst-00s firefighters and pst-00s vlunteers attracted my eyes.The reprt shwed that many pst-00s rle mdels emerged in the muntain fire in Chngqing and the Luding earthquake，wh shwed their bravery and sense f respnsibility.
In sme peple’s view，it seems as if the pst-00s were the mst rebellius generatin.Hwever，when faced with natural disasters，they risked their lives t rescue peple trapped in ruins r flds，ttally leaving their safety behind.They really live up t the sciety’s expectatin and deserve ur respect and admiratin.
Deeply affected by their stries，I call n all the yung peple t learn frm them and shulder ur respnsibility，making ur cntributins as individuals.
教材语料整合
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：恐惧(一)
语料运用 火灾救援
The fire started t spread all ver the htel，and peple fleeing ut f it in time ①were still in great panic.Just at that mment，a sharp scream came ut f the crwd.A yung mther ②wh was dead with fright(定语从句) cried that her baby was still in the htel rm.Hearing that，③a fld f fear welled up in the crwd(无灵主语句)，and they didn’t knw what they culd d in that situatin.They tried t cmfrt the wman ④wh had been scared ut f her wits，but wrds just failed them.They almst lst hpe when a yung man quickly ran t the pl in frnt f the htel，pured water n his jacket and then rushed int the burning rm.Seeing the scene，everyne ⑤ was numb with fear，wishing he culd successfully bring the baby ut.⑥Everyne’s heart was stuck in their thrat until they heard sme cry f a baby.
大火开始蔓延到整个酒店，及时逃离的人们仍然非常恐慌。就在这时，人群中传来一声尖锐的尖叫。一位吓坏了的年轻母亲哭着说她的孩子还在酒店房间里。听到这句话，人群中涌起一阵恐惧，他们不知道在这种情况下能怎么办。他们试图安慰那个被吓得魂不附体的女人，却不知道说什么。一个年轻人迅速跑到酒店前的游泳池，把水倒在夹克上，然后冲进着火的房间时，他们几乎失去了希望。看到这一幕，所有人都吓得麻木了，希望他能成功把孩子抱出来。每个人的心都卡在嗓子眼里，直到他们听到了婴儿的哭声。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A★
As a shift in the plar vrtex(极地涡旋) swept acrss much f the US，many peple in the cuntry were hit with a sudden snap f cld.Heavy ice and snw cupled with fallen trees caused the utages in majr cities，with cmpanies unable t tell their custmers when pwer will be restred.
Plar vrtices were nticed lng ag.But the first knwn use f the term “plar vrtex” was in a magazine in 1853.Plar vrtices are present year-rund，but we dn’t hear abut them until they cause prblems.They maintain freezing temperatures at the Nrth and Suth Ples by mving in tight cunterclckwise patterns.Plar vrtices grw strnger in winter and weaken in summer.They are kept in place at the ples by anther atmspheric current called the jet stream.Hwever，when the jet streams weaken，the cld winds f the plar vrtex are pushed suthwards and it is during this time that peple begin t pay attentin!
In Texas，rads frze ver，causing six traffic deaths，and many schls were shut dwn.Peple are nt the nly Earthlings t struggle with the cld.Crps and animals are als freezing.This culd have majr cnsequences，especially if herds f cattle die.If snw blcks cattle，the animals can’t reach basic necessities like fd and fresh water.
On a brighter nte，sme Texas cities were mre prepared than thers，fr instance，Amarill，which is lcated in Nrth Texas，s they are mre accustmed t clder temperatures.Amarill is ntable because the city was redesigned t stand up t severe winter strms.Officials have spread ut fire statins t increase cverage f first respnders，emplyed mdified dump trucks fr clearing ice，and upgraded civic centers t prvide shelter during strms.Hpefully，ther Texas cities will fllw the gd example set by Amarill!
1．What des the underlined wrd “utages” refer t in paragraph 1?
A．Traffic jams. B．Pwer struggles.
C．Pwer cuts. D．Traffic accidents.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“with cmpanies unable t tell their custmers when pwer will be restred”可知，utages意为“断电”。故选C。
2．What can we learn abut plar vrtices?
A．They grw strnger in summer.
B．They are affected by jet streams.
C．They were first bserved in 1853.
D．They mve in a clckwise directin.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“They are kept in place at the ples ，when the jet streams weaken，the cld winds f the plar vrtex are pushed...！”可知，极涡会受到急流的影响。故选B。
3．What is the last but ne paragraph mainly abut?
A．The definitin f the plar vrtex.
B．The characteristics f the plar vrtex.
C．The ways t deal with the plar vrtex.
D．The serius impact made by the plar vrtex.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“In Texas，rads frze ver，causing six traffic deaths，and many schls were shut and animals are als freezing...”可知，倒数第二段主要讲的是极地涡旋造成的严重影响。故选D。
4．Why is Amarill striking?
A．Because it is lcated in the nrth f Texas.
B．Because it has been upgraded and mdernized.
C．Because it has been regarded as an example t ther cities.
D．Because it has taken effective measures t resist winter strms.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Amarill is ntable because the city was redesigned prvide shelter during strms.”可知，阿马里洛引人注目是因为它已采取有效措施应对冬季风暴。故选D。
B
What is the 15-minute city？It’s the urban planning cncept that everything city residents need shuld be a shrt walk r bike ride away—abut 15 minutes frm hme t wrk，shpping，entertainment，restaurants，schls，parks and health care.Supprters argue that 15-minute cities are healthier fr residents and the envirnment，creating united mini-cmmunities，bsting lcal businesses，and encuraging peple t get utside walk，and cycle.
Many cities acrss Eurpe ffer similar ideas，but Paris has becme its pster child.Mayr Anne Hidalg has sught t fight climate change by decreasing chking traffic in the streets and fuel emissins.In 2015，Paris was 17th n the list f bike-friendly cities; by 2019，it was 8th.Car wnership，meanwhile，drpped frm 60 percent f husehlds in 2001 t 35 percent in 2019.The 15-minute city figured largely in Hidalg’s successful 2020 re-electin campaign.The idea has als gained supprt in the U．S.
It clearly wn’t wrk everywhere：Nt every city is as centralized and walkable as Paris.Sme car-dminated cities like Ls Angeles and Phenix wuld be hard-pressed t prvide everything peple need within walking distance.In additin，sme urban planners argue that the 15-minute city culd increase the separatin f neighbrhds by incme.Neighbrhds equipped with all the cnveniences required by the 15-minute city als tend t have high husing csts and wealthier residents.
Despite sme resistance，the basic principles behind the 15-minute city are influencing planning in cities arund the wrld，including Melburne，Barcelna，Buens Aires，Singapre，and Shanghai.Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are within walking distance create mre individual freedm than needing t drive everywhere.“In a city where services are always clse by，” he says，“mbility is a chice：Yu g where yu want because yu want t，nt because yu have t.My fight is nt against the car.My fight is hw we culd imprve the quality f life.”
5．Which best describes the 15-minute city?
A．Mdern. B．Smart.
C．Entertaining. D．Cnvenient.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“What is the 15-minute wrk，shpping，entertainment，restaurants，schls，parks and health care.”可推知，Cnvenient“便利”最能描述出15分钟城市的特点，故选D。
6．What’s the riginal intentin fr Paris t advcate the 15-minute city?
A．T address climate issues.
B．T beautify the city.
C．T prmte the bike industry.
D．T help Hidalg get re-elected.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“ Paris has becme its pster child.Mayr Anne Hidalg has sught t fight climate change by decreasing chking traffic in the streets and fuel emissins.”可知，巴黎倡导15分钟城市的初衷是解决气候问题，故选A。
7．What’s sme urban planners’ wrry abut the 15-minute city?
A．It slws the city’s expansin.
B．It represents a setback fr sciety.
C．It may widen the gap between neighbrhds.
D．It can cause the specializatin f neighbrhds.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In additin，sme urban planners argue that the 15-minute city culd increase the separatin f neighbrhds by incme.”可知，一些城市规划者对15分钟城市的担心是它可能会加大社区之间的差距，故选C。
8．What’s Jay Pitter’s attitude t the cncept f 15-minute city?
A．Dubtful. B．Favrable.
C．Critical. D．Uninterested.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter individual freedm than needing t drive everywhere.”可推知，Jay Pitter对15分钟城市的理念是赞成的，故选B。
C★
Earthquake frecasting is ne f the mst ancient skills knwn t mankind.Frm ancient Greece t the present day，cuntless scientists have tried t develp tls t predict earthquakes.Their attempts usually fcused n searching fr reliable evidence f cming quakes.
Hwever，there are many reasns why predicting quakes is s hard.“We dn’t understand sme basic physics f earthquakes，” said Egill，a research prfessr at the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy.Scientists have als attempted t create mathematical mdels f mvement，but precisely predicting wuld require great mapping and analysis f the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack f data n the early warning signs，given that these warning signs are nt yet entirely understd.Actually，real earthquake predictin is very similar t the diagnsis f ptential human illnesses based n bserving and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptms.As it turns ut，quake predictin is extremely difficult.
Many surces shw that earthquake frecasting was recgnized science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very clse t nature and were able t detect unusual phenmena and frecast earthquakes.The first knwn frecast was made by Pherecydes f Syrs abut 2,500 years ag：he made it as he scped water frm a well and nticed that usually very clean water had suddenly becme muddy.Indeed，an earthquake ccurred tw days later，making Pherecydes famus.Nwadays，seismic(地震的) and remte-sensing methds are cnsidered t have the greatest ptential in terms f slving the earthquake predictin prblem.
Currently，Terra Seismic can identify a frthcming earthquake with a high level f cnfidence.Generally，Terra Seismic des nt predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is lcated beynd a depth f 40km.Frtunately，such quakes are almst always harmless，since quake’s energy reduces befre reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every pssible methd t try t predict earthquakes，” Bruneau said.“Nbdy has been able t crack it and make a believable predictin.”
9．What d we knw abut earthquake frecasting?
A．Scientists have been passinate abut accurately predicting earthquakes.
B．As lng as enugh data is cllected，earthquakes can be avided.
C．Mathematical mdels f mtin can simulate and predict earthquakes.
D．Scientists have fully studied the structure f earthquakes.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Frm ancient Greece t the present day，cuntless scientists have tried t develp tls t predict earthquakes.”可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们一直热衷于准确预测地震。故选A。
10．Hw did Pherecydes successfully predict that earthquake?
A．By seismic and remte-sensing methds.
B．By bserving unusual natural phenmena.
C．By living in seismic znes thrughut the year.
D．By lking int data n the early warning signs.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“he made it as he scped water frm a well and nticed that usually very clean water had suddenly becme muddy.Indeed，an earthquake ccurred tw days later”可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象成功预测了那场地震。故选B。
11．What was Bruneau’s pinin abut the current methds f earthquake predictin?
A．He strngly believed the Terra Seismic can slve the difficult prblem.
B．He was sure that humans culd accurately predict earthquakes in the future.
C．He cnsidered it harmless t humans fr an earthquake deeper than 40km.
D．He thught that scientists had n reliable methd t predict earthquakes.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Scientists have tried every pssible methd t try t predict earthquakes”及“Nbdy has been able t crack it and make a believable predictin.”可推知，Bruneau认为科学家目前没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Why d humans predict earthquakes.
B．Hw t prtect neself during an earthquake.
C．What methds can be used t frecast earthquakes.
D．When t achieve accurate earthquake frecasting.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了从古至今人类一直力图寻找准确预测地震的方法，故本文的主旨是预测地震的方法。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五★
Hurricane seasn can be wild and unpredictable. 1 Here are sme ways yu can beef up yur hme security in hurricane weather，even if yu need t mve ut.
2 That actually des nthing t ensure yur safety in the pwerful winds.Sticking t hurricane shelters r plywd(胶合板) is the nly way t g when it cmes t prtecting thse pints f entry in hurricane cnditins.Buy sheets f plywd，measure yur windws and use brackets(支架) t hld the plywd in place.
Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags wn’t be able t help in the extreme strm，many peple will be able t prevent flding and extensive damage t their belngings by placing sandbags. 3 Any strm water that is kept ut f yur hme is strm water that wn’t be able t damage the belngings inside yur hme，s sandbags are well wrth having at yur drways during a hurricane.
It’s imprtant t prepare the inside f yur hme fr strng winds and rain.But yu shuld als keep an eye n the utside f yur huse，t.Trim(修剪) trees，especially dead branches，t prevent anything else that culd fly thrugh a windw and cause damage during a hurricane. 4
Yu shuld als take pictures f expensive items like electrnics and keep ntes f their serial numbers. 5 Als，there are always bad peple ut right after a strm.If the wrst happens and yur hme is brken int right after a bad strm，having pictures and detailed ntes abut what was in yur hme prir t the hurricane will make it easier fr plice t track dwn stlen items.
A．Yu shuld have a camera at hme.
B．It can be strng enugh t resist the frceful winds.
C．Making sure nthing is lse in yur yard is imprtant.
D．Yu may see peple taping windws befre a hurricane cmes.
E．They will be able t effectively keep strm water ut in many cases.
F．It will aid with yur insurance cmpany if anything needs t be replaced.
G．These dangerus strms can bring damage t yur hme and belngings.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。)
1．答案 G
解析 根据前文“Hurricane seasn can be wild and unpredictable.”和后文“Here are sme ways yu can beef up yur hme security...”可知，空处承上启下，应描述飓风会对生命财产造成损害。故选G。
2．答案 D
解析 根据后文“That actually des nthing t ensure yur safety in the pwerful winds.”可知，That是指前文中提到了人们面对飓风的保护措施，所以选项D“你可能会看到人们在飓风到来之前用胶带贴窗户”切合文意。故选D。
3．答案 E
解析 根据后文“Any strm water that is kept ut f yur hme is strm water that wn’t be able t damage the belngings inside yur hme，s sandbags are well wrth having at yur drways during a hurricane.”可知，此处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面，选项E“在许多情况下，它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水”与下文衔接。故选E。
4．答案 C
解析 根据前文“Trim(修剪) prevent anything else that culd fly thrugh a windw and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知，此处是指防止庭院里有疏松的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏，选项C“确保你的院子里没有任何东西松动是很重要的”能够承接上文。故选C。
5．答案 F
解析 根据前文“Yu shuld als take pictures f expensive items like electrnics and keep ntes f their serial numbers.”可知，此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿，选项F“如果有什么东西需要更换，它会帮助你的保险公司”承接前文。故选F。·in shck吃惊，震惊
t ne’s shck令某人震惊的是
·be shcked at sth/that...对……感到震惊
be shcked t d sth 因做某事而感到震惊
·be trapped in 被困在……
trap sb int ding sth诱使某人做某事
·fall int/get ut f a trap落入/摆脱圈套
lay/set a trap (fr)(为……)布下陷阱/设置圈套
bury sth in把某物埋在……
bury neself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
bury ne’s face in ne’s hands双手掩面
·suffer frm患……病；受……苦
·suffer作及物动词时，意思同experience(体验；经历)，其后可跟pain，defeat，hardship等词作宾语；suffer frm中的frm表示原因，意为“因……而受苦”。
survive n靠……存活下来
survive sth 幸免于；从……中活下来
A survives B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
·be struck with/by被……所打动/袭击
It strikes sb that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
sth strikes sb 某人想到……
·n strike罢工
·表示“突然想到”的词汇还有hit，ccur t等。
·as if/thugh引导表语从句时常放在lk，seem等系动词之后。
·as if/thugh可以引导状语从句，表方式，如果从句所描述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气；如果从句所描述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气：
与现在事实相反，用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；
与将来事实相反，用wuld/culd/might＋动词原形。
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还常用于以下句型：
·be abut t 正要做……突然……
·had (just) 刚做完……这时突然……
在2022年8月发生的重庆山火和2023年1月发生的泸定地震中涌现出了很多青年逆行者榜样，如00后消防员、00后志愿者等。你校正在组织以“We Shuld Shulder the Respnsibility”为主题的英语征文活动，请你投稿，内容包括：
1.青年榜样的突出品质；
2.呼吁年轻人向他们学习。
亮词
[情感描写] shck；in shck；calm；affect；effrt
[动作描写] rescue；fld；trap；bury；damage；destry；aid；sweep away；wave；suffer；survive；shelter；strike；deliver
美句
1.Fr several days，the water in the village wells rse and fell，rse and fell.(重复)
2.Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat，and dgs refused t g inside buildings.Mice ran ut f the fields lking fr places t hide，and fish jumped ut f the water.(排比)
3.It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end！(夸张)
4.Hard hills f rck became rivers f dirt.(夸张)
5.Bricks cvered the grund like red autumn leaves.(比喻)
6.Tangshan started t revive itself and get back up n its feet.(拟人)
7.Slwly，the city began t breathe again.(拟人)
8.Sn after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.(动作描写)
9.Tangshan city has prved t China and the rest f the wrld that in times f disaster，peple must unify and shw the wisdm t stay psitive and rebuild fr a brighter future.(主旨升华)
单词
frightened adj.害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frighten v．使害怕；scare v．使害怕→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.惊悚的，吓人的；panic v．/n.恐慌，害怕→panicked adj.恐慌的；dreadful adj.可怕的；极坏的；terrible/hrrible/awful adj.可怕的
词块
be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措；ne’s thrat tightens with hrrr/fear吓得喉咙发紧；be pale with fright吓得面无人色；be scared ut f ne’s wits吓得魂不附体；be numb/frzen with fear吓呆了；frighten the pants ff sb把……吓得屁滚尿流；tremble with terrr/hrrr吓得发抖；be scared t death/half dead with fright吓得要死；tears f terrr/hrrr/fear恐惧的泪水；ne’s heart be stuck n ne’s thrat心卡在嗓子眼
句型
1.A fld f fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street.(无灵主语句)走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。
2.I was wandering in the wd when a snake came ut and scared me t death.我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我半死。
3.I frze with terrr，t scared t mve an inch.我吓得呆住了，寸步难行。
4.Seeing the bldy scene，she uncntrllably let ut a scream f terrr and fainted n the grund.看到这血腥的一幕，她不受控制地发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。
5.The explsin really frightened the pants ff me.爆炸把我吓坏了。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。极地涡旋会给人类的生命、财产带来巨大的威胁，但是好在人类已发现有效措施积极应对。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了15分钟城市的理念以及人们对该理念的不同观点。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预测是人类一直追求的技术，并解释了地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。