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译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT2 课件
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这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT2 课件，共59页。
UNIT 2 Out of this worldSection A Welcome to the unit & Readingabsence cupboard ceiling bother occupyevaluate creature maintenance circumstanceexposure visible luxury tube furthermorepill vital discipline leisure crew permanentaltogether universe crucial orbit merelyfoundation purse tale origin frequencymotive investment calculate assistant incrediblydust shelter constantcome to an end differ from cast new light on lead to take placein the circumstances in view of at a speed of set up be based in be composed of lay the foundation for make sense of go beyondtake advantage ofPart 1 Reading comprehensionPart 2 Language points目录索引 Part 1 Reading comprehension第一步速读课文 理清脉络Activity 1 Read for the main ideaRead the text quickly and find out the main theme of the text.What astronauts’ lives are like on a space station. Activity 2 Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.Para.1 A.Working inside the space station.Para.2 B.Eating on the space station.Para.3 C.Leisure activities.Para.4 D.Exercising on the space station.Para.5 E.Sleeping on the space station.Para.6 F.Working outside the space station.Para.7 G.Introduction to the life on a space station.第二步精读课文 领悟细节Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1.Why do astronauts sleep in sleeping bags where they attach themselves on the space station?A.To sleep well.B.Not to float around.C.Not to bother them any more.D.To start their day of work.答案 B 2.Which is not included in their scientific research?A.Evaluating the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.B.Locating and tracking lightning over large regions of the Earth.C.Checking support systems and doing some cleaning.D.Sending creatures to the station.答案 D 3.What is the most challenging work except for?A.Testing new equipment.B.Monitoring scientific experiments.C.Carrying out experiments in other research fields.D.Repairing the space station.答案 C 4.What do spacesuits allow astronauts to do except for?A.Keep their figures.B.Protect them from exposure to the cold.C.Prevent them from the radiation.D.Breathe in space.答案 A 5.How does the lecturer justify her opinion?A.By giving concrete examples.B.By explaining cause and effect.C.By showing some figures.D.By studying essays.答案 A Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维1.What other major breakthroughs in space exploration do you know about?2.Why humans are always exploring space?The answer is open. The answer is open. Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作1.How is an astronaut’s life according to the 1st paragraph?Find one sentence to illustrate.My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end,and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.2.How does an astronaut keep healthy in space?Find sentences to illustrate. (1)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronaut’s health.(2)Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body,we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.(3)We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.第三步深读课文 融会提能Activity 6 课文语篇填空Living in space is challenging but magical.It’s strange to sleep with no 1. (press) against our back.The routine tasks on the space station are 2. (demand) but rewarding.The most challenging work takes place 3. we need to perform tasks outside the space station.In view of the low-gravity environment,eating is also different in space.It’s a luxury 4. (eat) fresh food,because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be 5. (deliver) to the space station from the Earth every couple of 6. (month).Liquids can’t bepressure demanding when to eat deliveredmonths 7. (easy) controlled in space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through 8. tube of plastic.Furthermore,to keep our body 9. (health),we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills.Exercise in space is also 10. vital importance.We work out for at least two hours every day with specially designed exercise equipment. easily a healthy ofActivity 7 长难句分析1.I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange![句式分析]I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!宾语从句,作动词bet的宾语 连接what和how引导的宾语从句,作动词know的宾语 [尝试翻译] 我敢说,你想知道太空上的日常生活是什么样的,以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同——低重力绝对会让普通的事情变得奇怪!2.It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.[句式分析]It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.that引导主语从句 连接并列句 [尝试翻译] 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的,但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 Part 2 Language points基础落实•必备知识全过关必记写作词汇 1. n.壁橱;橱柜,衣柜 2. n.天花板;上限 3. vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦,困难4. n. 动物,生物;人 5. n.条件,状况;( )境况,(尤指)经济状况 6. adj.看得见的;明显的 circumstancescupboard ceiling bother creature circumstance visible 7. n.不常有的乐趣(或享受);奢侈品 8. n.管,管子;软管 9. adv.此外,再者 10. n.药丸,药片 11. adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的 12. vt.严格要求(自己);惩罚;训练 n.训练,纪律;行为准则;自制力13. n.闲暇,空闲 14. n.全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队 15. adj.永久的,永恒的 16. adv.完全;总共;总之 luxury tube furthermore pill vital discipline leisure crew permanentaltogether识记阅读词汇 1.astronaut n. 2.gravity n. 3.float vi. vt. 4.mission n. 5.mosquito n. 6.microscope n. 7.radiation n. 8.kit n. 宇航员,航天员 重力,地球引力;严重性;严肃 飘动,漂流;浮 使浮动,使漂流 任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务 蚊子 显微镜 辐射,放射线 成套设备,成套工具;配套元件串记拓展词汇 1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席→ adj.缺席的,缺少的,心不在焉的 2.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于→ adj.已占用的;忙碌的→ n.占领;职业 3.evaluate vt.评估,估计,评价→ n.评估,评价 4.maintenance n.维护,保养;维持,保持→ vt.维持;继续;维修;主张;供养 5.exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道→ vt.使接触,使体验,使面临;暴露,显露,揭露 absent occupiedoccupation evaluation maintainexpose【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】-ly后缀多数构成同义副词,少数构成形容词,表示“……的”。如:polite→politelyquick→quicklyheavy→heavilyfriend→friendly(adj.)love→lovely(adj.)1. 结束 2. 不同于3. 使进一步了解……4. 导致5. 发生,举行6. 在这种情况下,既然如此7. 鉴于,考虑到8. 以……的速度9. 建立,设立come to an end differ from cast new light onlead to take place in the circumstances in view ofat a speed of set up要点探究•能力素养全提升1.float vi.飘动,漂流;浮 vt.使浮动,使漂流【佳句背诵】 These plants float on the surface of the water.[自然环境]这些植物漂浮在水面上。2.mission n.任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务【佳句背诵】He viewed his mission in life as protecting the weak from the evil.[人物介绍]他把保护弱者不受坏人伤害看作自己一生的使命。3.crew n.全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队【佳句背诵】Rescuers made heroic efforts to save the crew.[帮助他人]救援人员不畏艰险努力营救全体船员。1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席 (1)in/during one’s absence=in/during the absence of sb在某人不在/缺席的时候in/during the absence of sth 在缺乏某物的时候absence of mind(=absent-minded adj.)心不在焉 absence from缺席 (2)absent adj.缺席的,缺少的,心不在焉的 be absent from缺席……【佳句背诵】He is always absent from class,and his absence makes his teacher angry.[人物介绍]他总是缺课,他的缺课让老师很生气。【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译①Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were (absence). ②The children decorated the house beautifully to celebrate their grandmother’s birthday the absence of their mother. ③The company will be in the charge of Bush during his father’s __________ (absent). ④在老师不在的时候,所有的学生表现得都很棒。→All the students behaved wonderfully _______________________ _______________________________. →All the students behaved wonderfully _____________________________. absent in/duringabsence in/during the absenceof their teacherin/during their teacher’s absence2.bother vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦,困难(1)bother to do/doing sth 费心做某事 bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother about/with sth/sb 为某事而烦恼/为某人而费心 It bothers sb that...使某人苦恼的是…… can’t be bothered (to do sth)懒得/不想费力(做某事) Why bother (doing/to do sth)何必(做某事)呢? (2)put sb to bother给某人添乱【佳句背诵】I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment.[心理描写]我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①My older brother couldn’t be bothered (play) with me. ②I don’t want to put him any bother,so I try doing it by myself. ③You don’t bother (get) dinner for me today;I’ll eat out. ④One should not be bothered one’s personal gains or losses. ⑤让许多人苦恼的是,他们不得不给熟人和朋友投票。___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________they have to vote for their acquaintances and friends. to playto to get/gettingabout/with It bothers many people that3.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于 (1)occupy oneself with sth 某人忙于某事occupy oneself in (doing) sth 某人忙于(做)某事(2)occupied adj.已占用的;忙碌的be occupied in (doing) sth 忙于(做)某事be occupied with sth 从事/忙于某事(3)occupation n.占领;职业【易混辨析】occupation,profession,career,job【佳句背诵】Many men still occupy more positions of power than women. [社会生活]许多男性仍比女性占有更多的权力职位。【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换①Success in such (occupy) calls for patience,love and hard work. ②The train got more jam-packed and soon all of the seats were___________ (occupy). ③During the last ten years,Mrs Green has been occupied her three children. ④When I came in,he was being occupied in his housework.→When I came in,he his housework. →When I came in,he his housework. →When I came in,he his housework. occupation occupied with/inwas occupying himself inwas occupying himself withwas being occupied with4.circumstance n.条件,状况;(circumstances)境况,(尤指)经济状况 in/under the circumstances在这种情况下,既然如此 in/under ...circumstances在……的情况/条件下 in/under no circumstances决不,无论如何都不(位于句首时,句子使用部分倒装)【佳句背诵】Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.[环境保护]最近,我提出了一种新的计时方法,它与我们地球上的环境有关,这些环境可能会因为全球变暖而改变。【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换①Your personal (circumstance)are equally important. ② the circumstances,it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. ③I can believe that he is guilty under no circumstances.→Under no circumstances that he is guilty. circumstances In/Undercan I believe5.exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道 (1)exposure to暴露于……(2)expose vt.揭露,揭穿;暴露,显露;使遭受;使接触 expose...to...把……暴露在……,使……接触……expose sth to sb 向某人揭发某事 (3)exposed adj.(指地方)无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的 be exposed to接触……;暴露于……中【佳句背诵】The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.[科学技术]工程师们还试图开发一种开关,当暴露在日光下时,这种开关的亮度会减弱。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①They were randomly divided into four groups and (expose) to various noise levels in the background. ②She said social media firms were exposing children major emotional risks. ③Even a brief (expose)to radiation is very dangerous. ④“尼科洛”在都灵的一家工厂完成了一整夜的工作。由于意大利的隐私法,他的真实姓名不能公开。“Nicolo”,whose real name _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ because of Italy’s privacy laws,finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. exposed toexposure cannot be exposedto the public6.vital adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的 (1)be vital for/to sth 对……极为重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth ……做某事是十分重要的 (2) vitally adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸关地 vitality n.活力,生气;生命力 vitalize v.激发;使有生气【佳句背诵】Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.[环境保护]与环境的时间联系对他们的生存至关重要。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①And the story poses an interesting question:why do some people discover new (vital) and creativity at the end of their days,while others go to seed long before? ②Understanding history is vital understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. ③It’s vital that new compulsory age—appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media. ④The way we choose to bring up children is (vital) important. vitality to/forshould vitally ⑤就我个人而言,做好准确的记录非常重要。As far as I’m concerned,__________ _________ __________ __________ __________ accurate records. it is vital tokeep7.cast new light on使进一步了解…… cast down 使沮丧/失望 cast doubt on使人怀疑,造谣中伤 cast a shadow/cloud over sth蒙上阴影 cast an eye on/over sth瞟一眼,粗略地看一下 cast one’s mind back回想 cast a spell on施魔法,念咒语 cast sb as...选派某人演……角色【佳句背诵】The information offered by the old man may help cast new light on the mystery.[社会生活]这位老人提供的信息可能有助于弄清这件神秘的事情。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①Would you cast your eyes these calculations to check if they are correct? ②New evidence has cast doubt the guilty verdict. ③Her father’s illness cast a shadow the wedding celebrations. ④The circumstances were all against Joe,but he was not cast . ⑤The director cast a well-known actress Marie Curie in the movie. ⑥恐龙骨骼的发现使人们进一步了解了它们灭绝的原因。The discovery of the dinosaur skeletons ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________why they became extinct. over/onon over down as has castnew light on8.in view of鉴于,考虑到 come into view看得见,进入视野 in view看得见,在视线范围内 out of view看不见,视线之外 on view展览着 in one’s view某人认为 with a view to (doing) sth 有(做)某事的打算或希望【佳句背诵】In view of the low rainfall this year,residents were warned not to be extravagant with water.[社会生活]鉴于今年降雨量少,居民被告诫不得浪费水。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①He’s painting the house with a view to (sell) it. ②A significant exhibition of contemporary sculpture will be view at the Portland Gallery. ③ my view,that’s important to read about all texts. ④由于天气的缘故,这项赛事将在室内进行。__________ ____________ ____________ __________ ____________,the event will be held indoors. selling on InIn view of the weatherⅠ.一词多义gravityA.n.重力,地球引力 B.n.严重性 C.n.严肃 ①There was an appealing gravity to everything she said. ②An apple falls down because of gravity. ③I don’t think you realise the gravity of the situation. CABⅡ.教材熟词生义1.maintenance维护;保持生活费 2.tube 管,管子;软管电视机地铁 3.discipline 严格要求(自己);训练训练,纪律,行为准则科目,学科1.with的复合结构With so much going on,the space station needs a lot of maintenance,so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.(教材原句)有这么多事情要做,空间站需要大量的维护,所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁。with复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中作状语,表示伴随、行为方式、原因、结果、条件或时间等,可位于句首或句尾。with复合结构的常见用法如下:【佳句背诵】Lu Xun fought against the enemy with a pen his only weapon. [人物介绍]鲁迅用一支笔作为唯一的武器和敌人对抗。【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级①China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries ____________ (recognize) its role in international affairs. ② no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself. ③She was sitting with her head (bury) in a newspaper reading attentively. ④With three reports (finish),I am afraid I will not be able to go to the concert this Sunday. ⑤As time goes by,more and more people prefer to learn English.→________________________,more and more people prefer to learn English. (with) recognizing With buried to finishWith time going by2.be of+抽象名词Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. (教材原句) 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。(1)“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”,这一结构可以说明主语的性质,常用于这一结构的修饰语有great,little,some,any,no,not,much等,常见的抽象名词有importance,value,use,help,benefit,significance等。(2)“be of+限定词+抽象名词”结构中,限定词常是a,an,the,the same,my,your等,抽象名词常是size,weight,height,length,width,age,opinion,color,price, kind,type,shape,way,origin等,表示主语的特征,意为“属于,归于”,这些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式,因此不能用“be+形容词”这一结构代替。但当“of+a/an”修饰“高度、年龄、尺寸、价格”等时,可用(of)the same代替。【佳句背诵】At first,it is of significance to fully understand the school.[校园生活]首先,充分了解这所学校是非常重要的。【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级①Yellowstone obviously was this second type,but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere. ②The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters,more so than the familiar near side. ③The differences between most of the groups were insignificant.→The differences between most of the groups .(be of+抽象名词) of interest were of insignificance
UNIT 2 Out of this worldSection A Welcome to the unit & Readingabsence cupboard ceiling bother occupyevaluate creature maintenance circumstanceexposure visible luxury tube furthermorepill vital discipline leisure crew permanentaltogether universe crucial orbit merelyfoundation purse tale origin frequencymotive investment calculate assistant incrediblydust shelter constantcome to an end differ from cast new light on lead to take placein the circumstances in view of at a speed of set up be based in be composed of lay the foundation for make sense of go beyondtake advantage ofPart 1 Reading comprehensionPart 2 Language points目录索引 Part 1 Reading comprehension第一步速读课文 理清脉络Activity 1 Read for the main ideaRead the text quickly and find out the main theme of the text.What astronauts’ lives are like on a space station. Activity 2 Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.Para.1 A.Working inside the space station.Para.2 B.Eating on the space station.Para.3 C.Leisure activities.Para.4 D.Exercising on the space station.Para.5 E.Sleeping on the space station.Para.6 F.Working outside the space station.Para.7 G.Introduction to the life on a space station.第二步精读课文 领悟细节Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1.Why do astronauts sleep in sleeping bags where they attach themselves on the space station?A.To sleep well.B.Not to float around.C.Not to bother them any more.D.To start their day of work.答案 B 2.Which is not included in their scientific research?A.Evaluating the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.B.Locating and tracking lightning over large regions of the Earth.C.Checking support systems and doing some cleaning.D.Sending creatures to the station.答案 D 3.What is the most challenging work except for?A.Testing new equipment.B.Monitoring scientific experiments.C.Carrying out experiments in other research fields.D.Repairing the space station.答案 C 4.What do spacesuits allow astronauts to do except for?A.Keep their figures.B.Protect them from exposure to the cold.C.Prevent them from the radiation.D.Breathe in space.答案 A 5.How does the lecturer justify her opinion?A.By giving concrete examples.B.By explaining cause and effect.C.By showing some figures.D.By studying essays.答案 A Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维1.What other major breakthroughs in space exploration do you know about?2.Why humans are always exploring space?The answer is open. The answer is open. Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作1.How is an astronaut’s life according to the 1st paragraph?Find one sentence to illustrate.My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end,and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.2.How does an astronaut keep healthy in space?Find sentences to illustrate. (1)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronaut’s health.(2)Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body,we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.(3)We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.第三步深读课文 融会提能Activity 6 课文语篇填空Living in space is challenging but magical.It’s strange to sleep with no 1. (press) against our back.The routine tasks on the space station are 2. (demand) but rewarding.The most challenging work takes place 3. we need to perform tasks outside the space station.In view of the low-gravity environment,eating is also different in space.It’s a luxury 4. (eat) fresh food,because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be 5. (deliver) to the space station from the Earth every couple of 6. (month).Liquids can’t bepressure demanding when to eat deliveredmonths 7. (easy) controlled in space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through 8. tube of plastic.Furthermore,to keep our body 9. (health),we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills.Exercise in space is also 10. vital importance.We work out for at least two hours every day with specially designed exercise equipment. easily a healthy ofActivity 7 长难句分析1.I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange![句式分析]I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!宾语从句,作动词bet的宾语 连接what和how引导的宾语从句,作动词know的宾语 [尝试翻译] 我敢说,你想知道太空上的日常生活是什么样的,以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同——低重力绝对会让普通的事情变得奇怪!2.It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.[句式分析]It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.that引导主语从句 连接并列句 [尝试翻译] 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的,但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 Part 2 Language points基础落实•必备知识全过关必记写作词汇 1. n.壁橱;橱柜,衣柜 2. n.天花板;上限 3. vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦,困难4. n. 动物,生物;人 5. n.条件,状况;( )境况,(尤指)经济状况 6. adj.看得见的;明显的 circumstancescupboard ceiling bother creature circumstance visible 7. n.不常有的乐趣(或享受);奢侈品 8. n.管,管子;软管 9. adv.此外,再者 10. n.药丸,药片 11. adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的 12. vt.严格要求(自己);惩罚;训练 n.训练,纪律;行为准则;自制力13. n.闲暇,空闲 14. n.全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队 15. adj.永久的,永恒的 16. adv.完全;总共;总之 luxury tube furthermore pill vital discipline leisure crew permanentaltogether识记阅读词汇 1.astronaut n. 2.gravity n. 3.float vi. vt. 4.mission n. 5.mosquito n. 6.microscope n. 7.radiation n. 8.kit n. 宇航员,航天员 重力,地球引力;严重性;严肃 飘动,漂流;浮 使浮动,使漂流 任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务 蚊子 显微镜 辐射,放射线 成套设备,成套工具;配套元件串记拓展词汇 1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席→ adj.缺席的,缺少的,心不在焉的 2.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于→ adj.已占用的;忙碌的→ n.占领;职业 3.evaluate vt.评估,估计,评价→ n.评估,评价 4.maintenance n.维护,保养;维持,保持→ vt.维持;继续;维修;主张;供养 5.exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道→ vt.使接触,使体验,使面临;暴露,显露,揭露 absent occupiedoccupation evaluation maintainexpose【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】-ly后缀多数构成同义副词,少数构成形容词,表示“……的”。如:polite→politelyquick→quicklyheavy→heavilyfriend→friendly(adj.)love→lovely(adj.)1. 结束 2. 不同于3. 使进一步了解……4. 导致5. 发生,举行6. 在这种情况下,既然如此7. 鉴于,考虑到8. 以……的速度9. 建立,设立come to an end differ from cast new light onlead to take place in the circumstances in view ofat a speed of set up要点探究•能力素养全提升1.float vi.飘动,漂流;浮 vt.使浮动,使漂流【佳句背诵】 These plants float on the surface of the water.[自然环境]这些植物漂浮在水面上。2.mission n.任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务【佳句背诵】He viewed his mission in life as protecting the weak from the evil.[人物介绍]他把保护弱者不受坏人伤害看作自己一生的使命。3.crew n.全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队【佳句背诵】Rescuers made heroic efforts to save the crew.[帮助他人]救援人员不畏艰险努力营救全体船员。1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席 (1)in/during one’s absence=in/during the absence of sb在某人不在/缺席的时候in/during the absence of sth 在缺乏某物的时候absence of mind(=absent-minded adj.)心不在焉 absence from缺席 (2)absent adj.缺席的,缺少的,心不在焉的 be absent from缺席……【佳句背诵】He is always absent from class,and his absence makes his teacher angry.[人物介绍]他总是缺课,他的缺课让老师很生气。【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译①Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were (absence). ②The children decorated the house beautifully to celebrate their grandmother’s birthday the absence of their mother. ③The company will be in the charge of Bush during his father’s __________ (absent). ④在老师不在的时候,所有的学生表现得都很棒。→All the students behaved wonderfully _______________________ _______________________________. →All the students behaved wonderfully _____________________________. absent in/duringabsence in/during the absenceof their teacherin/during their teacher’s absence2.bother vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦,困难(1)bother to do/doing sth 费心做某事 bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother about/with sth/sb 为某事而烦恼/为某人而费心 It bothers sb that...使某人苦恼的是…… can’t be bothered (to do sth)懒得/不想费力(做某事) Why bother (doing/to do sth)何必(做某事)呢? (2)put sb to bother给某人添乱【佳句背诵】I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment.[心理描写]我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①My older brother couldn’t be bothered (play) with me. ②I don’t want to put him any bother,so I try doing it by myself. ③You don’t bother (get) dinner for me today;I’ll eat out. ④One should not be bothered one’s personal gains or losses. ⑤让许多人苦恼的是,他们不得不给熟人和朋友投票。___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________they have to vote for their acquaintances and friends. to playto to get/gettingabout/with It bothers many people that3.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于 (1)occupy oneself with sth 某人忙于某事occupy oneself in (doing) sth 某人忙于(做)某事(2)occupied adj.已占用的;忙碌的be occupied in (doing) sth 忙于(做)某事be occupied with sth 从事/忙于某事(3)occupation n.占领;职业【易混辨析】occupation,profession,career,job【佳句背诵】Many men still occupy more positions of power than women. [社会生活]许多男性仍比女性占有更多的权力职位。【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换①Success in such (occupy) calls for patience,love and hard work. ②The train got more jam-packed and soon all of the seats were___________ (occupy). ③During the last ten years,Mrs Green has been occupied her three children. ④When I came in,he was being occupied in his housework.→When I came in,he his housework. →When I came in,he his housework. →When I came in,he his housework. occupation occupied with/inwas occupying himself inwas occupying himself withwas being occupied with4.circumstance n.条件,状况;(circumstances)境况,(尤指)经济状况 in/under the circumstances在这种情况下,既然如此 in/under ...circumstances在……的情况/条件下 in/under no circumstances决不,无论如何都不(位于句首时,句子使用部分倒装)【佳句背诵】Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.[环境保护]最近,我提出了一种新的计时方法,它与我们地球上的环境有关,这些环境可能会因为全球变暖而改变。【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换①Your personal (circumstance)are equally important. ② the circumstances,it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. ③I can believe that he is guilty under no circumstances.→Under no circumstances that he is guilty. circumstances In/Undercan I believe5.exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道 (1)exposure to暴露于……(2)expose vt.揭露,揭穿;暴露,显露;使遭受;使接触 expose...to...把……暴露在……,使……接触……expose sth to sb 向某人揭发某事 (3)exposed adj.(指地方)无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的 be exposed to接触……;暴露于……中【佳句背诵】The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.[科学技术]工程师们还试图开发一种开关,当暴露在日光下时,这种开关的亮度会减弱。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①They were randomly divided into four groups and (expose) to various noise levels in the background. ②She said social media firms were exposing children major emotional risks. ③Even a brief (expose)to radiation is very dangerous. ④“尼科洛”在都灵的一家工厂完成了一整夜的工作。由于意大利的隐私法,他的真实姓名不能公开。“Nicolo”,whose real name _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ because of Italy’s privacy laws,finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. exposed toexposure cannot be exposedto the public6.vital adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的 (1)be vital for/to sth 对……极为重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth ……做某事是十分重要的 (2) vitally adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸关地 vitality n.活力,生气;生命力 vitalize v.激发;使有生气【佳句背诵】Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.[环境保护]与环境的时间联系对他们的生存至关重要。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①And the story poses an interesting question:why do some people discover new (vital) and creativity at the end of their days,while others go to seed long before? ②Understanding history is vital understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. ③It’s vital that new compulsory age—appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media. ④The way we choose to bring up children is (vital) important. vitality to/forshould vitally ⑤就我个人而言,做好准确的记录非常重要。As far as I’m concerned,__________ _________ __________ __________ __________ accurate records. it is vital tokeep7.cast new light on使进一步了解…… cast down 使沮丧/失望 cast doubt on使人怀疑,造谣中伤 cast a shadow/cloud over sth蒙上阴影 cast an eye on/over sth瞟一眼,粗略地看一下 cast one’s mind back回想 cast a spell on施魔法,念咒语 cast sb as...选派某人演……角色【佳句背诵】The information offered by the old man may help cast new light on the mystery.[社会生活]这位老人提供的信息可能有助于弄清这件神秘的事情。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①Would you cast your eyes these calculations to check if they are correct? ②New evidence has cast doubt the guilty verdict. ③Her father’s illness cast a shadow the wedding celebrations. ④The circumstances were all against Joe,but he was not cast . ⑤The director cast a well-known actress Marie Curie in the movie. ⑥恐龙骨骼的发现使人们进一步了解了它们灭绝的原因。The discovery of the dinosaur skeletons ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________why they became extinct. over/onon over down as has castnew light on8.in view of鉴于,考虑到 come into view看得见,进入视野 in view看得见,在视线范围内 out of view看不见,视线之外 on view展览着 in one’s view某人认为 with a view to (doing) sth 有(做)某事的打算或希望【佳句背诵】In view of the low rainfall this year,residents were warned not to be extravagant with water.[社会生活]鉴于今年降雨量少,居民被告诫不得浪费水。【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作①He’s painting the house with a view to (sell) it. ②A significant exhibition of contemporary sculpture will be view at the Portland Gallery. ③ my view,that’s important to read about all texts. ④由于天气的缘故,这项赛事将在室内进行。__________ ____________ ____________ __________ ____________,the event will be held indoors. selling on InIn view of the weatherⅠ.一词多义gravityA.n.重力,地球引力 B.n.严重性 C.n.严肃 ①There was an appealing gravity to everything she said. ②An apple falls down because of gravity. ③I don’t think you realise the gravity of the situation. CABⅡ.教材熟词生义1.maintenance维护;保持生活费 2.tube 管,管子;软管电视机地铁 3.discipline 严格要求(自己);训练训练,纪律,行为准则科目,学科1.with的复合结构With so much going on,the space station needs a lot of maintenance,so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.(教材原句)有这么多事情要做,空间站需要大量的维护,所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁。with复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中作状语,表示伴随、行为方式、原因、结果、条件或时间等,可位于句首或句尾。with复合结构的常见用法如下:【佳句背诵】Lu Xun fought against the enemy with a pen his only weapon. [人物介绍]鲁迅用一支笔作为唯一的武器和敌人对抗。【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级①China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries ____________ (recognize) its role in international affairs. ② no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself. ③She was sitting with her head (bury) in a newspaper reading attentively. ④With three reports (finish),I am afraid I will not be able to go to the concert this Sunday. ⑤As time goes by,more and more people prefer to learn English.→________________________,more and more people prefer to learn English. (with) recognizing With buried to finishWith time going by2.be of+抽象名词Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. (教材原句) 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。(1)“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”,这一结构可以说明主语的性质,常用于这一结构的修饰语有great,little,some,any,no,not,much等,常见的抽象名词有importance,value,use,help,benefit,significance等。(2)“be of+限定词+抽象名词”结构中,限定词常是a,an,the,the same,my,your等,抽象名词常是size,weight,height,length,width,age,opinion,color,price, kind,type,shape,way,origin等,表示主语的特征,意为“属于,归于”,这些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式,因此不能用“be+形容词”这一结构代替。但当“of+a/an”修饰“高度、年龄、尺寸、价格”等时,可用(of)the same代替。【佳句背诵】At first,it is of significance to fully understand the school.[校园生活]首先,充分了解这所学校是非常重要的。【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级①Yellowstone obviously was this second type,but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere. ②The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters,more so than the familiar near side. ③The differences between most of the groups were insignificant.→The differences between most of the groups .(be of+抽象名词) of interest were of insignificance
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