2024年北京市顺义区高三上学期期末考试(高考一模)英语含详解

这是一份2024年北京市顺义区高三上学期期末考试(高考一模)英语含详解，共28页。
2. 在答题卡上准确填写学校、姓名、班级和教育ID号。
3. 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
4. 考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A glden fg settled ver the fields. The sun prepared t rest fr the evening. I lked frward t setting my ___1___ aside fr an evening.
I wasn’t lng headed hme when I heard a vice behind me. “Pht, pht, pht.” A yung by abut 7 r 8 years ld fllwed clsely. I breathed a tired sigh. I had n ___2___ t press the shutter buttn ne mre time, n matter hw beautiful r eager he was, but he kept fllwing me. As I lked at him, half ___3___, an idea fr a cmpsitin flashed in my mind.
I kneeled in the field and instructed the by where t stand and hw t pse. As I prepared t take the phtgraph, his energy suddenly shifted frm ___4___ t shyness t fear. N matter what I tld him t d — hw t stand, hw t lk — I just culdn’t get the ___5___. Defeated, I gave up. I lked at the by, wh lked ___6___ and awkward.
In an effrt t ___7___ him, I clapped my hands, saying, “That was great. Yu were great.” Passers-by gathered arund, cheering and clapping ludly. The by’s face immediately brke int (a) ___8___. I intuitively (直觉地) tk a few shts f the mment.
That phtgraph turned ut t be better than the ___9___ I’d imagined because it came frm a deeper place within me. When we ____10____ frustratin (懊恼) and fcus n what’s here in the mment, that is when we are mved t create frm the inside ut.
1.
A. mneyB. cameraC. btsD. ntebk
2.
A. timeB. cnfidenceC. energyD. chance
3.
A. interestedB. disappintedC. relievedD. puzzled
4.
A. panicB. cnfusinC. eagernessD. directness
5.
A. helpB. attentinC. ideaD. sht
6
A. alneB. uncncernedC. vilentD. thughtful
7
A. disturbB. cheerC. acceptD. satisfy
8.
A. smileB. tearsC. wrriesD. surprise
9.
A. styleB. clrC. cntentD. cmpsitin
10.
A. turn tB. deal withC. let g fD. give in t
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Kenneth Shinzuka was 10 when his grandfather, ___11___ has Alzheimer’s disease, began t wander. He wanted t invent smething t help. That turned ut t be a pressure sensr in a sck. The sensr will send an alarm t a caregiver’s smartphne as sn as a patient ___12___ (step) ut f bed. Tday Kenneth cntinues t imprve his inventin ___13___ (help) caregivers get an alarm frm any distance. His biggest dream is t ne day find cures fr all Alzheimer’s.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Merriam-Webster ___14___ (annunce) that “authentic” was a tp term f the year 2023. The rise f Al helped drive interest ___15___ the wrd. And the line between “real” and “fake” (假的) has becme ___16___ (increasing) unclear. As a result, in scial media and marketing, “authentic” has becme the gld standard fr building trust.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wrld Animal Day is an annual event n 4th Octber, ___17___ (aim) t imprve animal rights acrss the glbe. It ___18___ (celebrate) since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925. Thrugh jining in varius ___19___ (rganize) events, peple are better aware f hw animals shuld be treated. And there are s many ___20___ (ptin) fr everyne t help end the needless suffering f all animals.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The CAUSE Leadership Academy (CLA) fr students is a paid nine-week internship (实习) prgram that cnnects cllege undergraduates t cmmunities thrugh lcal plitical experiences and prepares them t lead and advcate fr the civic engagement.
General Infrmatin:
·Prgram Duratin: June 24th, 2024—August 23rd, 2024
·Lcatin and Time Cmmitment: CLA will be an in-persn, full-time prgram (5 days per week, abut 40 hurs per week) .
·Payment: Each intern will receive $4, 000 upn satisfactry cmpletin f the prgram.
Prgram Gals:
·T gain new skills and knwledge
·T deepen understanding f issues that impact the lcal cmmunity
·T explre civic leadership career paths
·T develp prfessinal experience and skills t be effective in plitical advcacy and campaign supprt
Prgram Cmpnents:
·Interns will wrk tgether t develp a prject.
·Interns will be placed in a public, private, r nn-prfit hst ffice.
·Interns will learn abut and supprt civic engagement effrts with their Hst Office.
·Interns will develp leadership skills and expand understanding f civic engagement.
Requirements fr the applicants:
·Have a minimum GPA (Grade Pint Average) f 3. 0
·Be a current student with at least ne year f cllege cmpleted r a recent cllege graduate
·Be able t actively participate in all majr events
Fr full cnsideratin, applicants must ensure bth Applicatin and Letter f Recmmendatin are received by Sunday, January 28th, 2024 at 11: 59 pm.
21. The prgram aims t help participants _______.
A. lead plitical campaignsB. make high academic achievements
C. chse civic leadership career pathsD. deepen understanding f civic issues
22. CLA will prvide interns _______.
A. a training nlineB. a prject t finish individually
C. a leader psitin in a Hst OfficeD. a $4, 000 payment fr great wrk
23. Which is a requirement fr the applicants?
A. Participating in all events.B. Having a GPA n less than 3. 0.
C. Applying after January 28th, 2024.D. Being a current high schl student.
B
If yu have ever seen a snwflake design n jewelry r a bag, chances are it was based n ne f Wilsn Bentley’s mre than 5, 000 phtmicrgraphs f snw crystals (晶体).
At first, thugh, Bentley did nt have any way t share his enjyment f the delicate hexagns (六边形) ther than t draw them. He spent hurs utside r inside his unheated strerm with a micrscpe. He wuld pick up a snw crystal and transfer it t a micrscpe slide. There, he flattened it with a bird feather. Then, hlding his breath, he bserved the crystal and hurried t draw what he saw befre it turned frever int thin air.
A few years later, Bentley began his pursuit t phtgraph a snw crystal. He attached a micrscpe t a camera. Time after time, his negatives appeared blank. The fllwing winter, he finally figured ut that t much light was reaching the camera. His slutin was t place a metal plate with a tiny hle in the center beneath the stage f the micrscpe. It cut dwn the stray (杂散) light and allwed nly the light waves carrying the image t reach the camera.
On January 15, 1885, at the age f 19, Bentley finally phtgraphed a snwflake! He spent many hurs ver the next 45 years in his tiny darkrm develping negatives.
Bentley lived his entire life n his childhd farm. He farmed fr a living. T his friends and family, he was kind, gentle, and funny “Willie”. But t scientists, he was the untrained researcher wh became a snw crystal pineer. He wrte fr science jurnals. He nt nly phtgraphed snw crystals but als became an authrity n dew (露水) and frst. He kept a detailed daily lg f lcal weather cnditins thrughut his life. He develped a methd t measure the size f raindrps t.
Bentley never made mre than a few thusand dllars frm his wrk. It had been a labr f lve, and he was satisfied t be able t share the beauty f his snw crystals with the wrld. And tday, he is remembered as Snwflake Bentley.
24. Why did Bentley draw the snw crystals?
A. T design prducts.B. T becme an artist.
C. T share his pleasure.D. T research the weather.
25. T phtgraph a snw crystal, Bentley _______.
A. imprved the micrscpeB. changed the negatives
C. turned dwn the lightD. invented a camera
26. What d we knw abut Bentley?
A. He lived a successful but bring life.B. He was laughed at fr lack f training.
C. He earned a lt f mney frm his phts.D. He was nt nly an artist but als a scientist.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect.B. Intelligence is the key t success.
C. Lve and devtin makes a persn.D. Chances are fr thse wh are prepared.
C
I lve a grup text—a grext, if yu’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number f them cmpeting fr my attentin has felt ut f cntrl. By the time I wake up, the ntificatins have already started rlling in; as I’m ging t bed, they’re still cming. In between, I try t keep up, but all it takes is ne 30-minute meeting befre I’ve smehw gtten 100 new messages. I scrll up and up, trying t find where I left ff, like I’ve lst my place in a bk that keeps getting lnger.
Fr better r fr wrse, we might be in the Age f the Grup Chat. One study fund that less than 2 percent f participants had nly ne-n-ne chats n scial media. 42 percent said that grup chats can feel like a part-time jb. Other studies have fund that grup chats can cntribute t grup bnd and shared fun. A grup text can be like a reminder that yu’re part f smething. Sme researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when yu’re alne, yu’re nt alne. This is like bats and dlphins prducing a cntinuus sund and use the resulting ech (回声) t sense what’s arund them.
But taking in t many signals can create a “waterfall type f effect,” where messages keep flding in and adding up. Eventually, yu’re underwater. Adding t the disrder, withut a standard rule, peple have very different ideas abut grup nrm and what degree f respnsiveness is required—which can cause real tensin.
Fear f that tensin can make wrdless r even leaving a chat feel dispiriting. And anyway, yu might nt want t miss ut. The desire isn’t t exit the rm s much as t break a windw. If grup messaging is like echlcatin, then discnnecting means lst.
Ultimately, mst f us d want cnnectin, even if it invlves sme duties; we’ll take quantities f messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach ut when we’re hurting. A general advice is t give up grexts that are carrying n but that dn’t really interest yu. But when yu can’t, yu’ll just have t accept that belnging takes sme effrt. That’s the nature f relatinships, right?
28. The authr uses his experience in Paragraph 1 t _______.
A. intrduce the tpicB. predict the ending
C. highlight an pininD. illustrate an argument
29. What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A. Lnely peple prefer grup chats.B. Bats and dlphins have grup chats.
C. Grup chats ffer a sense f belnging.D. Grup chats create a few part-time jbs.
30. What des the writer intend t tell us?
A. Grup chat needs a standard rule.
B. Grup chat gives us mre fear than jy.
C. Grup chat helps prmte strng cnnectin.
D. Grup chat is just a way t maintain relatinships.
D
Brders, departments, r issue areas all represent what systems analysts call system bundaries. System bundaries divide. the big, messy, intercnnected wrld int smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and ur cllective gvernance systems wuld be stuck if we had t always cnsider all the cnnectins f everything t everything else. But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. Fr instance, a decarbnizing cuntry will spend mney in its energy and transprtatin sectrs and save mney in its health system.
Decarbnizatin culd be a win fr the whle, but it might be experienced as a bther fr particular subsystems.
Dnella Meadws, the early systems mdeler, wrte that system bundaries are “lines in the mind, nt in the wrld.” And that is actually gd news. If departments, and disciplines are just ideas, then there is nthing immvable abut them. We can make these brders less bvius and cnduct partnerships acrss them. We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. That’s the premise f multislving—using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce.
Fr instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency f residential buildings and prvided jbs in the building sectr after a financial dwnturn. The prject resulted in better health fr residents, as well. That translated int health systems savings. Taken tgether, a 2011 study estimated that acrss all these benefits, the prject saved $3. 90 fr every $1 invested.
Multislving seems pssible everywhere and like an bvius chice. Yet, it is very much the exceptin, nt the rule. Why is multislving still s rare when it has the nwer t bst prgress n sme f the mst urgent issues we face?
Unfamiliarity stands in the way, as des an ft-unexamined assumptin that making issues smaller makes them easier t address. We ften hear the viewpint, “I already wrk n pverty (r climate, etc.) and that’s hard enugh. Why shuld I add bidiversity r pllutin t the mix?” Fundraising fr crssing brders can be a struggle t. Funders want the “visible results” shwn, but they dn’t always see crssing brders as an essential part f achieving thse results.
It is easy t devalue and underemphasize cnnectin-building. After all, it can be delicate and nt always visible. But t realize gals in tday’s wrld, frm equitable plicies and lw-carbn facilities t values like cperatin and fairness, we d need deep shifts, and we need them sn. And facilitating the flw f ideas back and frth acrss brders is ne way t speed change.
31. As fr systems bundaries, the authr is ______.
A. criticalB. puzzledC. supprtiveD. uncncerned
32. What des the wrd “premise” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Predictin.B. Precnditin.C. Preventin.D. Presentatin.
33. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Peple are familiar with multislving.
B. WUNZ perfrmed multislving successfully.
C. Raising mney helps t prduce visible results.
D. Multislving is widely used t address prblems.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Multislving: Hard t achieve sn
B Multislving: Essential t slve small issues
C. Multislving: Cnducting partnership acrss brders
D. Multislving: Making systems whle, healthy, and sustainable
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Flw is a cgnitive (认知的) state where ne is cmpletely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — frm painting and writing t yga and surfbarding. ___35___
The prcess f flw was discvered and cined by the Hungarian-American psychlgist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative prcess and fund that, when an artist was in the curse f flw, they wuld insist n their task strictly, regardless f hunger r exhaustin. ___36___
One f Csikszentmihalyi’s key pints abut flw is that a persn needs t push neself ut f their cmfrt zne t stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, ne has t cnstantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and cmplexity required fr the activity. ___37___ If yur skill level ges beynd the activity, bredm will set in, which will break the state f flw.
___38___ One can access flw by thinking f activities like sprts, dancing and painting. We can als have a flw state experience with many f ur day-t-day tasks and encunters. Watching TV and vide gaming, hwever, are nt n that list.
Flw can als be a tl fr better emtin regulatin (调节). When a persn is in a state f flw, there is little need fr dubts r anxieties abut neself r the wrld in general. ___39___ Thrugh the prcess f flw, a persn chses t fcus n a task and gain a sense f autnmy ver time, bdy, and mind.
Hwever, pushing yurself t find the flw state can backfire. In fact, trying t hard r wndering whether yu are in this state in itself ges against flw. We lse the balance between tensin and skill level if we cncentrate t much n the task.
A. Even the uncertainties f life fall away.
B. Peple may nt realize it but anyne can find flw.
C. Ask yurself if a certain task will fulfill a gal f yurs.
D. Flw can smetimes be viewed as a frerunner fr peak perfrmance.
E. He als fund that the artist wuld highlight the prcess and nt the end result.
F. As yu practice a skill, yur level f mastery will change as will the feeling f flw.
G. It invlves intense fcus, creative engagement and the lss f awareness f time and self.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There’s a difference between being nice and being kind. Being nice invlves being plite and pleasing t thers. If yu’re peple pleasing, yu’re placing an expectatin n the persn yu’re being nice t that they respnd t yu in a certain way. Being kind is less self-serving. On the ne hand, kindness invlves being generus withut expecting anything in return. The ther half is the purpse behind the actin. A kind persn is acting ut f sympathy and genuine cncern fr anther.
The difference is intentinality, said Dr. Catherine Franssen, an assciate prfessr f psychlgy at Lngwd University in Virginia, nting that a kind persn tries t really understand what smene else is ging thrugh.
Practicing kindness rather than niceness allws peple t develp deeper genuine cnnectins with thers, said Franssen. The mre yu d it, the easier it will get t relate t thers and build mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
The warm feeling yu get frm perfrming an act f kindness is yur brain releasing a tn f feel-gd chemicals. Franssen said being kind bsts prductin f sertnin, a neurtransmitter (神经传递素) invlved in md, including happiness. Kindness als releases dpamine, a brain chemical in charge f reward and pleasure. It’s the reasn why ding ne act f kindness feels s gd that yu want t d anther.
Being kind gives the same health benefits, regardless f hw big r small the gesture. Acts f kindness might feel strange and ut-f-character at first. Hwever, this feeling ges away the mre yu keep practicing. Sn enugh, it becmes s familiar yu’ll ntice the benefits n yurself and thers.
40. What des being kind invlve?
_____________________________________________________________
41. Why d yu get warm feeling when shwing kindness?
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The mre yu practice niceness, the easier yu will cnnect with thers and establish mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
_____________________________________________________________
43. In yur daily life, what can yu d t shw kindness? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校交换生Jim被学生会邀请参加主题为“Life in 2023”的学年总结展示活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 展示形式；
2. 展示内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hun.
顺义区2024届高三第一次统练
英语试卷
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A glden fg settled ver the fields. The sun prepared t rest fr the evening. I lked frward t setting my ___1___ aside fr an evening.
I wasn’t lng headed hme when I heard a vice behind me. “Pht, pht, pht.” A yung by abut 7 r 8 years ld fllwed clsely. I breathed a tired sigh. I had n ___2___ t press the shutter buttn ne mre time, n matter hw beautiful r eager he was, but he kept fllwing me. As I lked at him, half ___3___, an idea fr a cmpsitin flashed in my mind.
I kneeled in the field and instructed the by where t stand and hw t pse. As I prepared t take the phtgraph, his energy suddenly shifted frm ___4___ t shyness t fear. N matter what I tld him t d — hw t stand, hw t lk — I just culdn’t get the ___5___. Defeated, I gave up. I lked at the by, wh lked ___6___ and awkward.
In an effrt t ___7___ him, I clapped my hands, saying, “That was great. Yu were great.” Passers-by gathered arund, cheering and clapping ludly. The by’s face immediately brke int (a) ___8___. I intuitively (直觉地) tk a few shts f the mment.
That phtgraph turned ut t be better than the ___9___ I’d imagined because it came frm a deeper place within me. When we ____10____ frustratin (懊恼) and fcus n what’s here in the mment, that is when we are mved t create frm the inside ut.
1.
A. mneyB. cameraC. btsD. ntebk
2.
A. timeB. cnfidenceC. energyD. chance
3.
A. interestedB. disappintedC. relievedD. puzzled
4.
A. panicB. cnfusinC. eagernessD. directness
5.
A. helpB. attentinC. ideaD. sht
6.
A. alneB. uncncernedC. vilentD. thughtful
7.
A. disturbB. cheerC. acceptD. satisfy
8.
A. smileB. tearsC. wrriesD. surprise
9.
A. styleB. clrC. cntentD. cmpsitin
10.
A. turn tB. deal withC. let g fD. give in t
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在回家路上遇到一个小男孩要作者为他拍照，作者拒绝后又决定为他拍照，但小男孩很紧张，作者通过鼓励他让他放松并最终拍出了比预期更好的照片。这个故事告诉我们，当我们放下挫折，专注于当下，就能从内心深处创造出更好的作品。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我盼望着把相机搁到一边过一个晚上。A. mney金钱；B. camera相机；C. bts靴子；D. ntebk笔记本。根据“Pht, pht, pht.”可知，作者是一个摄影师，一天的劳累之后，作者想把相机放下。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有精力再按一次快门，不管他是多么美丽，多么急切，但他一直跟着我。A. time时间；B. cnfidence自信；C. energy精力；D. chance机会。根据“I lked frward t setting my ___1___ aside fr an evening.”可知，作者已经很累了，所以没有精力再按快门了。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我半感兴趣地看着他，脑海里闪过一幅作品的念头。A. interested感兴趣的；B. disappinted失望的；C. relieved欣慰的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据“an idea fr a cmpsitin flashed in my mind.”可知，作者脑海里闪过一幅好的作品，所以对小男孩感兴趣了。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我准备拍照时，他的表达力突然从渴望变成害羞，再变成恐惧。A. panic恐慌；B. cnfusin困惑；C. eagerness渴望；D. directness直接。根据“Pht, pht, pht.”可知，小男孩起初很渴望拍照，后来又变得很羞怯和恐惧。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我告诉他怎么做——怎么站，怎么看——我就是得不到那个镜头。 A. help帮助；B. attentin注意；C. idea想法；D. sht镜头。根据“I intuitively (直觉地) tk a few shts f the mment.”可知，作者想要给小男孩拍照，但是一直没有得到理想的镜头。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看着那个男孩，他看起来孤独而尴尬。A. alne独自的；B. uncncerned不关心的；C. vilent暴力的；D. thughtful深思熟虑的。根据“Defeated, I gave up.”可知，作者放弃了，不再教男孩摆任何动作，所以男孩站在那里变得很孤独。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了让他高兴起来，我拍着手说：“太棒了。你太棒了，”A. disturb打扰；B. cheer使高兴；C. accept接受；D. satisfy满意。根据“The by’s face immediately brke int (a) ___8___ .”可知，作者鼓掌是为了让小男孩高兴起来。故选B。
8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩的脸上立刻露出了笑容。A. smile微笑；B. tears眼泪；C. wrries担心；D. surprise惊讶。根据“I clapped my hands, saying, “That was great. Yu were great.””可知，作者在鼓励小男孩，所以小男孩笑了。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那张照片比我想象的作品要好，因为它来自我内心深处。A. style风格；B. clr颜色；C. cntent内容；D. cmpsitin作品。根据“As I lked at him, half ___3___ , an idea fr a cmpsitin flashed in my mind.”可知，这里指作者起初所构思的作品比自己想象的要好。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们放下沮丧，专注于当下的事情时，我们就会被从内到外的创造所感动。A. turn t转向；B. deal with处理；C. let g f放下；D. give in t屈服于。根据“and fcus n what’s here in the mment,”可知，此处指放下沮丧和挫折，转而专注于当下的事情。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Kenneth Shinzuka was 10 when his grandfather, ___11___ has Alzheimer’s disease, began t wander. He wanted t invent smething t help. That turned ut t be a pressure sensr in a sck. The sensr will send an alarm t a caregiver’s smartphne as sn as a patient ___12___ (step) ut f bed. Tday Kenneth cntinues t imprve his inventin ___13___ (help) caregivers get an alarm frm any distance. His biggest dream is t ne day find cures fr all Alzheimer’s.
【答案】11. wh
12. steps 13. t help
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Kenneth Shinzuka为帮助患有阿尔茨海默病的祖父而发明了压力传感器，并不断改进它以帮助更多的护理人员。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Kenneth Shinzuka 10岁时，他患有阿尔兹海默的祖父病情开始显现。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是his grandfather，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
【12题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：传感器会在病人踏出病床时立即向护理人员的智能手机发送警报。连词短语as sn as引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。主语 a patient是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填steps。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，Kenneth继续改进他的发明，以帮助护理人员从任何距离获得警报。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填t help。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Merriam-Webster ___14___ (annunce) that “authentic” was a tp term f the year 2023. The rise f Al helped drive interest ___15___ the wrd. And the line between “real” and “fake” (假的) has becme ___16___ (increasing) unclear. As a result, in scial media and marketing, “authentic” has becme the gld standard fr building trust.
【答案】14. annunced
15. in 16. increasingly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“authentic”被《韦氏词典》评为2023年度热门词汇的原因。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：《韦氏词典》宣布“authentic”是2023年的热门词汇之一。根据时间状语“2023”可知，应用一般过去时。故填annunced。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：人工智能的兴起推动了人们对这个词的兴趣。drive interest in sth.意为“推动对……的兴趣”，故填in。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：“真”与“假”之间的界限越来越模糊。修饰形容词unclear 应用副词形式。故填increasingly。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wrld Animal Day is an annual event n 4th Octber, ___17___ (aim) t imprve animal rights acrss the glbe. It ___18___ (celebrate) since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925. Thrugh jining in varius ___19___ (rganize) events, peple are better aware f hw animals shuld be treated. And there are s many ___20___ (ptin) fr everyne t help end the needless suffering f all animals.
【答案】17. aiming
18. has been celebrated
19. rganized
20. ptins
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界动物日的相关信息。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：世界动物日是每年10月4日举行的活动，旨在提高全球动物权利。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Wrld Animal Day与aim之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。
【18题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：自1925 年一位德国作家和出版商发起以来，它就一直在庆祝。根据时间状语 since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925可知，应用现在完成时，又因为it和celebrate之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been celebrated。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通过参加各种有组织的活动，人们更好地意识到应该如何对待动物。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。event和名词rganize之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填rganized。
【20题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：每个人都有很多选择来帮助结束所有动物不必要的痛苦。ptin是可数名词，根据s many可知，应用复数形式。故填ptins。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The CAUSE Leadership Academy (CLA) fr students is a paid nine-week internship (实习) prgram that cnnects cllege undergraduates t cmmunities thrugh lcal plitical experiences and prepares them t lead and advcate fr the civic engagement.
General Infrmatin:
·Prgram Duratin: June 24th, 2024—August 23rd, 2024
·Lcatin and Time Cmmitment: CLA will be an in-persn, full-time prgram (5 days per week, abut 40 hurs per week) .
·Payment: Each intern will receive $4, 000 upn satisfactry cmpletin f the prgram.
Prgram Gals:
·T gain new skills and knwledge
·T deepen understanding f issues that impact the lcal cmmunity
·T explre civic leadership career paths
·T develp prfessinal experience and skills t be effective in plitical advcacy and campaign supprt
Prgram Cmpnents:
·Interns will wrk tgether t develp a prject.
·Interns will be placed in a public, private, r nn-prfit hst ffice.
·Interns will learn abut and supprt civic engagement effrts with their Hst Office.
·Interns will develp leadership skills and expand understanding f civic engagement.
Requirements fr the applicants:
·Have a minimum GPA (Grade Pint Average) f 3. 0
·Be a current student with at least ne year f cllege cmpleted r a recent cllege graduate
·Be able t actively participate in all majr events
Fr full cnsideratin, applicants must ensure bth Applicatin and Letter f Recmmendatin are received by Sunday, January 28th, 2024 at 11: 59 pm.
21. The prgram aims t help participants _______.
A. lead plitical campaignsB. make high academic achievements
C. chse civic leadership career pathsD. deepen understanding f civic issues
22. CLA will prvide interns _______.
A. a training nlineB. a prject t finish individually
C. a leader psitin in a Hst OfficeD. a $4, 000 payment fr great wrk
23. Which is a requirement fr the applicants?
A. Participating in all events.B. Having a GPA n less than 3. 0.
C. Applying after January 28th, 2024.D. Being a current high schl student.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要提供了关于CAUSE领导力学院（CLA）学生实习项目的详细信息，包括项目的持续时间、地点、时间承诺、薪酬、目标、内容以及申请要求等。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The CAUSE Leadership Academy (CLA) fr students is a paid nine-week internship prgram that cnnects cllege undergraduates t cmmunities thrugh lcal plitical experiences and prepares them t lead and advcate fr the civic engagement.(面向学生的CAUSE领导学院(CLA)是一个为期九周的带薪实习项目，通过当地政治经验将大学本科生与社区联系起来，为他们领导和倡导公民参与做好准备)”可知，该项目旨在帮助参与者加深对公民问题的理解，为他们领导和倡导公民参与做好准备。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“General Infrmatin”部分中的“Payment: Each intern will receive $4, 000 upn satisfactry cmpletin f the prgram.(报酬：在圆满完成项目后，每位实习生将获得4,000美元)”可知，在圆满完成项目后，CLA将会给每位实习生提供4,000美元。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Requirements fr the applicants”部分中的“Have a minimum GPA (Grade Pint Average) f 3.0(平均绩点(GPA)不低于3.0分)”可知，申请人的平均成绩不低于3.0分。故选B。
B
If yu have ever seen a snwflake design n jewelry r a bag, chances are it was based n ne f Wilsn Bentley’s mre than 5, 000 phtmicrgraphs f snw crystals (晶体).
At first, thugh, Bentley did nt have any way t share his enjyment f the delicate hexagns (六边形) ther than t draw them. He spent hurs utside r inside his unheated strerm with a micrscpe. He wuld pick up a snw crystal and transfer it t a micrscpe slide. There, he flattened it with a bird feather. Then, hlding his breath, he bserved the crystal and hurried t draw what he saw befre it turned frever int thin air.
A few years later, Bentley began his pursuit t phtgraph a snw crystal. He attached a micrscpe t a camera. Time after time, his negatives appeared blank. The fllwing winter, he finally figured ut that t much light was reaching the camera. His slutin was t place a metal plate with a tiny hle in the center beneath the stage f the micrscpe. It cut dwn the stray (杂散的) light and allwed nly the light waves carrying the image t reach the camera.
On January 15, 1885, at the age f 19, Bentley finally phtgraphed a snwflake! He spent many hurs ver the next 45 years in his tiny darkrm develping negatives.
Bentley lived his entire life n his childhd farm. He farmed fr a living. T his friends and family, he was kind, gentle, and funny “Willie”. But t scientists, he was the untrained researcher wh became a snw crystal pineer. He wrte fr science jurnals. He nt nly phtgraphed snw crystals but als became an authrity n dew (露水) and frst. He kept a detailed daily lg f lcal weather cnditins thrughut his life. He develped a methd t measure the size f raindrps t.
Bentley never made mre than a few thusand dllars frm his wrk. It had been a labr f lve, and he was satisfied t be able t share the beauty f his snw crystals with the wrld. And tday, he is remembered as Snwflake Bentley.
24. Why did Bentley draw the snw crystals?
A. T design prducts.B. T becme an artist.
C. T share his pleasure.D. T research the weather.
25. T phtgraph a snw crystal, Bentley _______.
A. imprved the micrscpeB. changed the negatives
C. turned dwn the lightD. invented a camera
26. What d we knw abut Bentley?
A. He lived a successful but bring life.B. He was laughed at fr lack f training.
C He earned a lt f mney frm his phts.D. He was nt nly an artist but als a scientist.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect.B. Intelligence is the key t success.
C. Lve and devtin makes a persn.D. Chances are fr thse wh are prepared.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C
【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了Wilsn Bentley如何通过不懈的努力和坚持，成为雪花晶体摄影领域的先驱，并对气象成因象进行了深入的研究。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At first, thugh, Bentley did nt have any way t share his enjyment f the delicate hexagns (六边形) ther than t draw them.(不过，一开始，Bentley除了画出这些精致的六边形之外，没有任何方式来分享他对它们的喜爱和欣赏)”可知，Bentley画雪晶是为了分享自己对它们的喜爱。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The fllwing winter, he finally figured ut that t much light was reaching the camera. His slutin was t place a metal plate with a tiny hle in the center beneath the stage f the micrscpe. It cut dwn the stray (杂散的) light and allwed nly the light waves carrying the image t reach the camera.(第二年冬天，他终于弄清楚了，因为到达相机的光线太多了。他的解决方案是在显微镜台下方的中央放置一个金属板，上面有一个小孔。它切断了杂散光，只允许携带图像的光波到达相机)”可知，为了拍摄雪晶，Bentley需要改进显微镜，在显微镜台下方的中央放置一个金属板，上面有一个小孔。它切断了杂散光，只允许携带图像的光波到达相机。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“But t scientists, he was the untrained researcher wh became a snw crystal pineer. He wrte fr science jurnals. He nt nly phtgraphed snw crystals but als became an authrity n dew (露水) and frst. He kept a detailed daily lg f lcal weather cnditins thrughut his life. He develped a methd t measure the size f raindrps t.(但对科学家来说，他是一个未经训练的研究人员，后来成为了雪晶的先驱。他为科学杂志撰稿。他不仅拍摄雪晶，而且还成为露水和霜的权威。他一生中每天都详细记录当地的天气情况。他还发明了一种测量雨滴大小的方法)”可知，Bentley不仅仅拍摄了雪晶，而且还成为露水和霜的权威，他还发明了一种测量雨滴大小的方法。也就是说，他不仅仅是一位艺术家也是一位科学家。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It had been a labr f lve, and he was satisfied t be able t share the beauty f his snw crystals with the wrld.(这是一种爱的劳动，他很满意能够与世界分享雪晶的美丽)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是Wilsn Bentley对雪花晶体摄影的热爱和投入，以及他如何通过不懈的努力和坚持成为该领域的专家和权威。因此，我们可以从文章中学到的是爱和奉献成就一个人。故选C。
C
I lve a grup text—a grext, if yu’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number f them cmpeting fr my attentin has felt ut f cntrl. By the time I wake up, the ntificatins have already started rlling in; as I’m ging t bed, they’re still cming. In between, I try t keep up, but all it takes is ne 30-minute meeting befre I’ve smehw gtten 100 new messages. I scrll up and up, trying t find where I left ff, like I’ve lst my place in a bk that keeps getting lnger.
Fr better r fr wrse, we might be in the Age f the Grup Chat. One study fund that less than 2 percent f participants had nly ne-n-ne chats n scial media. 42 percent said that grup chats can feel like a part-time jb. Other studies have fund that grup chats can cntribute t grup bnd and shared fun. A grup text can be like a reminder that yu’re part f smething. Sme researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when yu’re alne, yu’re nt alne. This is like bats and dlphins prducing a cntinuus sund and use the resulting ech (回声) t sense what’s arund them.
But taking in t many signals can create a “waterfall type f effect,” where messages keep flding in and adding up. Eventually, yu’re underwater. Adding t the disrder, withut a standard rule, peple have very different ideas abut grup nrm and what degree f respnsiveness is required—which can cause real tensin.
Fear f that tensin can make wrdless r even leaving a chat feel dispiriting. And anyway, yu might nt want t miss ut. The desire isn’t t exit the rm s much as t break a windw. If grup messaging is like echlcatin, then discnnecting means lst.
Ultimately, mst f us d want cnnectin, even if it invlves sme duties; we’ll take quantities f messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach ut when we’re hurting. A general advice is t give up grexts that are carrying n but that dn’t really interest yu. But when yu can’t, yu’ll just have t accept that belnging takes sme effrt. That’s the nature f relatinships, right?
28. The authr uses his experience in Paragraph 1 t _______.
A. intrduce the tpicB. predict the ending
C. highlight an pininD. illustrate an argument
29. What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A. Lnely peple prefer grup chats.B. Bats and dlphins have grup chats.
C. Grup chats ffer a sense f belnging.D. Grup chats create a few part-time jbs.
30. What des the writer intend t tell us?
A. Grup chat needs a standard rule.
B. Grup chat gives us mre fear than jy.
C. Grup chat helps prmte strng cnnectin.
D. Grup chat is just a way t maintain relatinships.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了群发短信的原因和影响，以及人们应该怎样处理这种情况。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“I lve a grup text—a grext, if yu’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number f them cmpeting fr my attentin has felt ut f cntrl. By the time I wake up, the ntificatins have already started rlling in; as I’m ging t bed, they’re still cming. In between, I try t keep up, but all it takes is ne 30-minute meeting befre I’ve smehw gtten 100 new messages. I scrll up and up, trying t find where I left ff, like I’ve lst my place in a bk that keeps getting lnger. (我喜欢群发短信——如果你允许的话，我很喜欢群发短信——但最近，大量群发短信争夺我的注意力让我感觉失去了控制。当我醒来的时候，通知已经开始滚滚而来。就在我上床睡觉的时候，它们还在来。在此期间，我试着跟上进度，但只需要开一个30分钟的会，我就能收到100条新信息。我向上滚动，试图找到我停下来的地方，就像我在一本越来越长的书中失去了我的位置。)”可知，作者利用他在第一段中的经验介绍本文话题。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Fr better r fr wrse, we might be in the Age f the Grup Chat. One study fund that less than 2 percent f participants had nly ne-n-ne chats n scial media. 42 percent said that grup chats can feel like a part-time jb. Other studies have fund that grup chats can cntribute t grup bnd and shared fun. A grup text can be like a reminder that yu’re part f smething. Sme researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when yu’re alne, yu’re nt alne. This is like bats and dlphins prducing a cntinuus sund and use the resulting ech (回声) t sense what’s arund them. (不管是好是坏，我们可能正处于群聊时代。一项研究发现，只有不到2%的参与者只在社交媒体上进行一对一的聊天。42%的人表示，群聊感觉就像一份兼职工作。其他研究发现，群聊可以促进群体联系，分享乐趣。群短信可以提醒你，你是某个群体的一部分。一些研究人员称之为“环境虚拟存在”：即使你独自一人，你也不孤单。这就像蝙蝠和海豚发出连续的声音，并利用所产生的回声来感知周围的事物。)”可知，从第2段可以推断出群聊提供了一种归属感。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Ultimately, mst f us d want cnnectin, even if it invlves sme duties; we’ll take quantities f messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach ut when we’re hurting. A general advice is t give up grexts that are carrying n but that dn’t really interest yu. But when yu can’t, yu’ll just have t accept that belnging takes sme effrt. That’s the nature f relatinships, right? (最终，我们大多数人都想要联系，即使这涉及到一些责任；当我们很忙的时候，我们会接受大量的信息，如果这意味着我们可以在受伤的时候伸出援手。一般的建议是放弃那些正在进行但你并不真正感兴趣的群聊。但当你做不到的时候，你就不得不接受归属感需要一些努力。这就是关系的本质，对吧？)”可知，作者想要告诉我们群聊只是维持关系的一种方式。故选D。
D
Brders, departments, r issue areas all represent what systems analysts call system bundaries. System bundaries divide. the big, messy, intercnnected wrld int smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and ur cllective gvernance systems wuld be stuck if we had t always cnsider all the cnnectins f everything t everything else. But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. Fr instance, a decarbnizing cuntry will spend mney in its energy and transprtatin sectrs and save mney in its health system.
Decarbnizatin culd be a win fr the whle, but it might be experienced as a bther fr particular subsystems.
Dnella Meadws, the early systems mdeler, wrte that system bundaries are “lines in the mind, nt in the wrld.” And that is actually gd news. If departments, and disciplines are just ideas, then there is nthing immvable abut them. We can make these brders less bvius and cnduct partnerships acrss them. We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. That’s the premise f multislving—using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce.
Fr instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency f residential buildings and prvided jbs in the building sectr after a financial dwnturn. The prject resulted in better health fr residents, as well. That translated int health systems savings. Taken tgether, a 2011 study estimated that acrss all these benefits, the prject saved $3. 90 fr every $1 invested.
Multislving seems pssible everywhere and like an bvius chice. Yet, it is very much the exceptin, nt the rule. Why is multislving still s rare when it has the nwer t bst prgress n sme f the mst urgent issues we face?
Unfamiliarity stands in the way, as des an ft-unexamined assumptin that making issues smaller makes them easier t address. We ften hear the viewpint, “I already wrk n pverty (r climate, etc.) and that’s hard enugh. Why shuld I add bidiversity r pllutin t the mix?” Fundraising fr crssing brders can be a struggle t. Funders want the “visible results” shwn, but they dn’t always see crssing brders as an essential part f achieving thse results.
It is easy t devalue and underemphasize cnnectin-building. After all, it can be delicate and nt always visible. But t realize gals in tday’s wrld, frm equitable plicies and lw-carbn facilities t values like cperatin and fairness, we d need deep shifts, and we need them sn. And facilitating the flw f ideas back and frth acrss brders is ne way t speed change.
31. As fr systems bundaries the authr is ______.
A. criticalB. puzzledC. supprtiveD. uncncerned
32. What des the wrd “premise” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Predictin.B. Precnditin.C. Preventin.D. Presentatin.
33. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Peple are familiar with multislving.
B. WUNZ perfrmed multislving successfully.
C. Raising mney helps t prduce visible results.
D. Multislving is widely used t address prblems.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Multislving: Hard t achieve sn
B. Multislving: Essential t slve small issues
C. Multislving: Cnducting partnership acrss brders
D. Multislving: Making systems whle, healthy, and sustainable
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. B 34. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多解决方案的必要性，即使系统完整、健康和可持续。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段中“System bundaries divide, the big, messy, intercnnected wrld int smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and ur cllective gvernance systems wuld be stuck if we had t always cnsider all the cnnectins f everything t everything else. But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. (系统边界划分。庞大、混乱、相互联系的世界变成了更小的子系统。这是有用的，甚至是必要的。如果我们必须总是考虑所有事物与其他事物之间的联系，我们的思想和我们的集体治理系统就会被卡住。但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性)”可知，作者认为系统边界划分是有用的，甚至是必要的，但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性，所以作者的态度是批判性的。故选A。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. (我们甚至可以重新绘制它们，以便在单个项目或投资中包含更多重要的内容)”以及“using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce (使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标)”可知，使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标，这是多重解决的前提。A. Predictin预测；B. Precnditin前提条件；C. Preventin预防；D. Presentatin介绍。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Fr instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency f residential buildings and prvided jbs in the building sectr after a financial dwnturn. The prject resulted in better health fr residents, as well. That translated int health systems savings. Taken tgether, a 2011 study estimated that acrss all these benefits, the prject saved $3. 90 fr every $1 invested. (例如，Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ)提升了住宅建筑的能源效率，并在金融危机后为建筑行业提供了就业机会。该项目还改善了居民的健康状况。这转化为卫生系统的节省。2011年的一项研究估计，综合所有这些好处，该项目节省了3美元。每1美元投资90美元)”可知，WUNZ成功执行了多重解决方案。故选B。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. (但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性)”、第三段中“We can make these brders less bvius and cnduct partnerships acrss them.We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. That’s the premise f multislving—using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce. (我们可以使这些边界不那么明显，并在它们之间开展伙伴关系。我们甚至可以重新绘制它们，以便在单个项目或投资中包含更多重要的内容。这是多重解决的前提——使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标)”、第五段中“Multislving seems pssible everywhere and like an bvius chice. (多重解法似乎在任何地方都是可行的，是一个显而易见的选择)”、最后一段“It is easy t devalue and underemphasize cnnectin-building. After all, it can be delicate and nt always visible. But t realize gals in tday’s wrld, frm equitable plicies and lw-carbn facilities t values like cperatin and fairness, we d need deep shifts, and we need them sn. And facilitating the flw f ideas back and frth acrss brders is ne way t speed change. (人们很容易低估和低估建立联系的重要性。毕竟，它可以是微妙的，并不总是可见的。但要实现当今世界的目标，从公平的政策和低碳设施，到合作和公平等价值观，我们确实需要深刻的转变，而且需要尽快。促进思想的跨境流动是加速变革的一种方式)”可知，本文主要介绍了多解决方案的必要性，即使系统完整、健康和可持续。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Flw is a cgnitive (认知的) state where ne is cmpletely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — frm painting and writing t yga and surfbarding. ___35___
The prcess f flw was discvered and cined by the Hungarian-American psychlgist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative prcess and fund that, when an artist was in the curse f flw, they wuld insist n their task strictly, regardless f hunger r exhaustin. ___36___
One f Csikszentmihalyi’s key pints abut flw is that a persn needs t push neself ut f their cmfrt zne t stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, ne has t cnstantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and cmplexity required fr the activity. ___37___ If yur skill level ges beynd the activity, bredm will set in, which will break the state f flw.
___38___ One can access flw by thinking f activities like sprts, dancing and painting. We can als have a flw state experience with many f ur day-t-day tasks and encunters. Watching TV and vide gaming, hwever, are nt n that list.
Flw can als be a tl fr better emtin regulatin (调节). When a persn is in a state f flw, there is little need fr dubts r anxieties abut neself r the wrld in general. ___39___ Thrugh the prcess f flw, a persn chses t fcus n a task and gain a sense f autnmy ver time, bdy, and mind.
Hwever, pushing yurself t find the flw state can backfire. In fact, trying t hard r wndering whether yu are in this state in itself ges against flw. We lse the balance between tensin and skill level if we cncentrate t much n the task.
A. Even the uncertainties f life fall away.
B. Peple may nt realize it but anyne can find flw.
C. Ask yurself if a certain task will fulfill a gal f yurs.
D. Flw can smetimes be viewed as a frerunner fr peak perfrmance.
E. He als fund that the artist wuld highlight the prcess and nt the end result.
F. As yu practice a skill, yur level f mastery will change as will the feeling f flw.
G. It invlves intense fcus, creative engagement and the lss f awareness f time and self.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. F 38. B 39. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于Flw状态的定义、发现者、达到这种状态的关键点、可以帮助达到这种状态的活动以及它在情感调节方面的应用。
【35题详解】
根据上文内容“Flw is a cgnitive (认知的) state where ne is cmpletely immersed (沉浸) in an activity—frm painting and writing t yga and surfbarding.(心流是一种认知状态，一个人完全沉浸在一种活动中——从绘画、写作到瑜伽和冲浪)”可知，上文主要介绍了心流的概念。选项G“It invlves intense fcus, creative engagement and the lss f awareness f time and self.(它包括高度集中注意力、创造性投入以及时间和自我意识的丧失)”是上文内容的自然延续，继续介绍了心流的相关内容。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据上文内容“In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative prcess and fund that, when an artist was in the curse f flw, they wuld insist n their task strictly, regardless f hunger r exhaustin.(20世纪60年代，Csikszentmihalyi对创作过程进行了研究，发现当艺术家处于心流状态时，他们会严格地坚持自己的任务，无论饥饿还是疲惫)”可知，上文主要介绍了Csikszentmihalyi的发现，他发现了艺术家处于心流状态时会严格坚持自己的任务。选项E“He als fund that the artist wuld highlight the prcess and nt the end result.(他还发现艺术家会强调过程而不是最终结果)”中的“als”延续上文内容，指的是Csikszentmihalyi还发现艺术家会强调过程，与上文内容一致。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据上文“One f Csikszentmihalyi’s key pints abut flw is that a persn needs t push neself ut f their cmfrt zne t stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, ne has t cnstantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and cmplexity required fr the activity.(Csikszentmihalyi关于心流的关键观点之一是，一个人需要把自己从舒适区推出来刺激它。因为这是一个动态状态，一个人必须不断调整技能水平、挑战和活动所需的复杂性)”可知，心流是一种动态的状态。选项F“As yu practice a skill, yur level f mastery will change as will the feeling f flw.(当你练习一项技能时，你的熟练程度会随着心流的感觉而改变)”与上文内容一致，指的是练习技能时，技能的熟练程度会随着心流的感觉而变化。故选F。
【38题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“One can access flw by thinking f activities like sprts, dancing and painting. We can als have a flw state experience with many f ur day-t-day tasks and encunters. Watching TV and vide gaming, hwever, are nt n that list.(一个人可以通过思考运动、舞蹈和绘画等活动来进入心流状态。我们也可以在许多日常任务和遭遇中获得心流状态体验。然而，看电视和玩电子游戏却不在其中)”可知，我们每个人都可以通过思考运动、舞蹈和绘画等活动来进入心流状态。选项B“Peple may nt realize it but anyne can find flw.(人们可能没有意识到，但是任何人都可以找到心流)”与下文内容一致，指的是每个人都可以进入心流状态。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据空前内容“Flw can als be a tl fr better emtin regulatin (调节) .When a persn is in a state f flw, there is little need fr dubts r anxieties abut neself r the wrld in general.(心流也可以成为更好的情绪调节工具。当一个人处于心流状态时，就很少需要对自己或整个世界产生怀疑或焦虑)”指的是心流状态可以帮助我们调节情绪。当一个人处于心流状态时，就不会对世界产生怀疑或焦虑。选项A“Even the uncertainties f life fall away.(甚至生活中的不确定性也消失了)”延续上文内容，指的仍然是心流状态可以帮助我们调节情绪。故选A
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There’s a difference between being nice and being kind. Being nice invlves being plite and pleasing t thers. If yu’re peple pleasing, yu’re placing an expectatin n the persn yu’re being nice t that they respnd t yu in a certain way. Being kind is less self-serving. On the ne hand, kindness invlves being generus withut expecting anything in return. The ther half is the purpse behind the actin. A kind persn is acting ut f sympathy and genuine cncern fr anther.
The difference is intentinality, said Dr. Catherine Franssen, an assciate prfessr f psychlgy at Lngwd University in Virginia, nting that a kind persn tries t really understand what smene else is ging thrugh.
Practicing kindness rather than niceness allws peple t develp deeper genuine cnnectins with thers, said Franssen. The mre yu d it, the easier it will get t relate t thers and build mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
The warm feeling yu get frm perfrming an act f kindness is yur brain releasing a tn f feel-gd chemicals. Franssen said being kind bsts prductin f sertnin, a neurtransmitter (神经传递素) invlved in md, including happiness. Kindness als releases dpamine, a brain chemical in charge f reward and pleasure. It’s the reasn why ding ne act f kindness feels s gd that yu want t d anther.
Being kind gives the same health benefits, regardless f hw big r small the gesture. Acts f kindness might feel strange and ut-f-character at first. Hwever, this feeling ges away the mre yu keep practicing. Sn enugh, it becmes s familiar yu’ll ntice the benefits n yurself and thers.
40. What des being kind invlve?
_____________________________________________________________
41. Why d yu get warm feeling when shwing kindness?
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The mre yu practice niceness, the easier yu will cnnect with thers and establish mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
_____________________________________________________________
43. In yur daily life, what can yu d t shw kindness? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Being kind/Kindness/It invlves being generus withut expecting anything in return.
41. (Because) When shwing kindness, yur brain releases a tn f feel-gd chemicals such as sertnin and dpamine while shwing kindness. The warm feeling yu get frm perfrming an act f kindness is yur brain releasing a tn f feel-gd chemicals.
42. The mre yu practice niceness, the easier yu will cnnect with thers and establish mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
(Accrding t the passage, ) the mre yu practice kindness, the easier yu will cnnect thers and build mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life./The mre yu practice kindness, the easier it will get t relate t thers and build mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
43. In my daily life, I can shw kindness by listening attentively t thers, ffering help when needed, and being generus with my time and resurces. Simple actins like smiling, greeting, and ffering a wrd f encuragement can als cnvey kindness.
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要解释了善良的定义，以及善良的意义所在。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Being kind is less self-serving. On the ne hand, kindness invlves being generus withut expecting anything in return. The ther half is the purpse behind the actin. A kind persn is acting ut f sympathy and genuine cncern fr anther.(善良是少自私。一方面，善良包括不期望任何回报的慷慨。另一半是行动背后的目的。善良的人的行为是出于对他人的同情和真诚的关心)”可知，善良的行为包括对他人的真诚关心和同情，不期待任何回报。故答案为Being kind/Kindness/It invlves being generus withut expecting anything in return.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“The warm feeling yu get frm perfrming an act f kindness is yur brain releasing a tn f feel-gd chemicals. Franssen said being kind bsts prductin f sertnin, a neurtransmitter (神经传递素) invlved in md, including happiness. Kindness als releases dpamine, a brain chemical in charge f reward and pleasure. It’s the reasn why ding ne act f kindness feels s gd that yu want t d anther.(你从做好事中得到的温暖感觉是你的大脑释放了大量让你感觉良好的化学物质。Franssen说，友善会促进血清素的产生，血清素是一种与情绪有关的神经递质，包括幸福感。善良也会释放多巴胺，这是一种负责奖励和快乐的大脑化学物质。这就是为什么做了一件好事感觉很好，你想做另一件事的原因)”可知，从做好事中得到温暖是因为大脑释放了大量化学物质，这些化学物质会让你感到温暖。故答案为(Because) When shwing kindness, yur brain releases a tn f feel-gd chemicals such as sertnin and dpamine while shwing kindness. The warm feeling yu get frm perfrming an act f kindness is yur brain releasing a tn f feel-gd chemicals.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Practicing kindness rather than niceness allws peple t develp deeper genuine cnnectins with thers, said Franssen. The mre yu d it, the easier it will get t relate t thers and build mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.( Franssen说，练习善良而不是友善能让人们与他人建立更深层次的真诚联系。你做得越多，就越容易与他人建立联系，并在生活的各个方面建立更有意义的关系)”可知，练习善良练得越多，就越容易与他人建立联系，并在生活的各个方面建立更有意义的关系，而不是练习友善。故答案为The mre yu practice niceness, the easier yu will cnnect with thers and establish mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
(Accrding t the passage, ) the mre yu practice kindness, the easier yu will cnnect thers and build mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life./The mre yu practice kindness, the easier it will get t relate t thers and build mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
【43题详解】
开放题。要求考生谈谈在现实生活中会如何表达善意，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案In my daily life, I can shw kindness by listening attentively t thers, ffering help when needed, and being generus with my time and resurces. Simple actins like smiling, greeting, and ffering a wrd f encuragement can als cnvey kindness.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校交换生Jim被学生会邀请参加主题为“Life in 2023”的学年总结展示活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 展示形式；
2. 展示内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hun.
【答案】
Dear Jim,
When cnveyed that yu have been invited t participate in the activity, with the theme f “Life in 2023”, I feel delighted and hasten t ffer my pinins and suggestins.
I think yu can participate in this activity in an interactive manner, which means students can have a better understanding f what yu want t express. Yu can shwcase sme pictures n site, which are abut yur life in 2023. And yu can ask them sme questins abut the cntent f the pictures. I have the cnfidence that it will arise the interests f the students.
Hpefully, yu will get sme inspiratin frm my suggestins. Wish yu success.
Yurs,
Li Hun
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。交换生Jim被学生会邀请参加主题为“Life in 2023”的学年总结展示活动，他发来邮件询问考生的建议，要求考生按照要求给他回复邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→ take part in
高兴的：delighted→ glad
提供：ffer→ prvide
建议：suggestin→ prpsal
2.同义句转换
原句：When cnveyed that yu have been invited t participate in the activity, with the theme f “Life in 2023”, I feel delighted and hasten t ffer my pinins and suggestins.
拓展句：When cnveyed that yu have been invited t participate in the activity, whse theme is “Life in 2023”, I feel delighted and hasten t ffer my pinins and suggestins.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I think yu can participate in this activity in an interactive manner, which means students can have a better understanding f what yu want t express.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句、what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Yu can shwcase sme pictures n site, which are abut yur life in 2023. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）