9 阅读理解满分攻略 2024年中考英语二轮专项练习（江苏）

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【题型解读】
阅读理解是每年中考试题的“重中之重”。此题型的分值为30-40分，约占整套试题总分的45%左右。阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等，考查内容比较广泛。不仅如此，阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化，广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面，也更加体现了时代性和可读性，题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。
【命题规律】
文体： 01、记叙文 02、说明文 03、议论文 04、应用文
考查方向： 01主旨题 02 推断题 03 猜测词义题 04细节理解题。
【解题技巧】
应用文
英语应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。应用文宜采用“题干定位法”、采用寻读、跳读的方法
记叙文
阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。中考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。
说明文
说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
议论文
议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。
一、 细节理解题。
【考点诠释】
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
But he didn’t stp there. Liam has anther prject called Legs (乐高) f Lve. Peple send in their ld tys, which are then srted and given t children wh are living at hmeless shelters.
One thing is certain: This nw 12-year-ld knws hw t pay it frward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches f Lve is an example f hw even smething as simple as a sandwich can change the wrld.
7．Hw did Liam help the children at hmeless shelters?
A．By raising mney fr them.B．By making sandwiches fr them.
C．By buying ld tys fr them.D．By creating a prject called Legs f Lve.
【答案】7．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了美国孩子Liam Hannn在暑假做爱心午餐等其它事情，帮助那些饥饿的人们的故事。
7．细节理解题。根据文中“Liam has anther prject called Legs (乐高) f Lve. Peple send in their ld tys, which are then srted and given t children wh are living at hmeless shelters.”可知，Liam通过创建一个叫做爱的乐高的项目来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故选D。
【示例2】
The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, nt even glue. After the shw, students will recycle the wl (羊毛). They can d mre things with it. “The art is envirnmentally friendly, and it makes ur city lives warmer and mre clrful,” said Xia Xin, ne f the knitting artists.
34．Why is the art envirnmentally friendly?
A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed.
B．Because the art made the city lives mre clrful.
C．Because the art made peple feel the cming f spring.
D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled.
【答案】D
【分析】本文主要讲述了南京外国语学校学生设计了梧桐树的毛衣，为南京带来了更多的温暖。
【解析】细节理解题。根据“The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, nt even glue. After the shw, students will recycle the wl (羊毛). They can d mre things with it.”可知，因为毛衣没有使用任何化学材料，将被回收利用。故选D。
二、 猜测词义题
【考点诠释】
阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。
通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧（1）. 根据文中的解释（2）. 使用逗号、破折号和括号等（3）. 根据同位语或根据同等关系（4）. 根据语义的转折关系（5）. 根据因果关系（6）. 根据构词法知识 （7）. 根据常识，上下文逻辑
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
Accrding t a reprt frm Duyin, the number f fitness vides in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while fllwers f fitness trainers went up by 208 percent cmpared with the year befre. Peple ften search nline fr simple exercises that are demnstrated by persnal trainers. These trainers d a great jb in bth teaching and leading peple t exercise mre.
41．What des the underlined wrd “demnstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．T build a dream.
B．T give sme advice.
C．T shw hw smething is dne.
D．T ask questins abut smething.
【答案】C
【分析】 本文主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身。
【解析】词义猜测题。根据that引导的定语从句修饰先行词simple exercises结合后文“These trainers d a great jb in bth teaching and leading peple t exercise mre.”可知，是培训师演示的简单锻炼，因此demnstrated意为“T shw hw smething is dne.”，故选C。
【示例2】
The prcess is simple. Using an app develped by Lee and his team, restaurants reprt hw much leftver fd they have each day, and then vlunteers cllect the fd frm these restaurants and deliver(投递) it t hmeless shelters and fd kitchens. In the end, the fd will be delivered t thse in need. Lee believes this is a very gd way f delivery.
36．The underlined wrd “they” in the furth paragraph refers t _________.
A．vlunteersB．restaurantsC．Lee and his teamD．peple in need
【答案】36．B
36．词义猜测题。根据“Using an app develped by Lee and his team, restaurants reprt hw much leftver fd they have each day”可知，用这个应用程序，餐厅可以报告每天它们有多少剩下的食物，所以they指代“restaurants”，故选B。
三、 推断题
【考点诠释】
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
（1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
（2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。
（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
S in my pinin, if we think highly f China’s mdern wnders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be ne f them. And it's ne symbl f a new China and a sign f China’s strength (实力) as well.
9．What is Mike’s attitude (态度) t Chinese high-speed rail train?
A．He lks dwn upn it.B．He dislikes it.
C．He thinks highly f it.D．He hates it.
【答案】 9．C
【分析】作者通过自己从北京到天津出差经历，高度赞扬了中国先进的高铁系统。
9．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“S in my pinin, if we think highly f China’s mdern wnders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be ne f them. And it's ne symbl f a new China and a sign f China’s strength (实力) as well.”可知，在Mike看来，高铁系统是新中国的标志之一。所以，Mike的观点是高度赞扬了中国的高铁。故选C。
【示例2】
One difference n raising children is at what age and t what extent (程度) they are given freedm utside the hme. The gvernment and the peple f Nrway believe that it is better fr children t learn t be independent frm a very early age. Almst all children are typically sent t daycare at age ne in Nrway. ________ when it cmes t raising independent children. In fact, it wuld nt be uncmmn fr a Japanese child t walk r ride a bike r take a public bus t schl alne r even t shp at a lcal stre withut a parent. On the ther hand, in Kenya, children stay with their mthers the whle day.
1．Which f the fllwing can be put int ________ in Paragraph 2?
A．Japan has ttally different ideas
B．Japan als has their wn ideas
C．Japan als has similar ideas
D．Japan als has interesting ideas
【答案】C
【分析】本文主要讨论了父母在孩子生活中应该扮演的角色以及不同文化对于孩子教育的方式。
【解析】推理判断题。根据“The gvernment and the peple f Nrway believe that it is better fr children t learn t be independent frm a very early age”可知，挪威政府和人民认为，儿童
最好从小就学会独立。根据“when it cmes t raising independent children. In fact, it wuld nt be uncmmn fr a Japanese child t walk r ride a bike r take a public bus t schl alne r even t shp at a lcal stre withut a parent.”可知，事实上，日本孩子独自步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共巴士上学，甚至在没有父母的情况下在当地商店购物。所以挪威和日本有相似的理念。故选C。
四、主旨题
【考点诠释】
文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思通常是总结性的；
（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly traditin that my tw little girls and I began years ag. We always g ut in the wrld and d charity (慈善) wrk. Last Thursday, we were ging t buy lunch fr the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I rdered 15 lunches frm McDnald’s (麦当劳) and decided t hand them ut.
I dn’t knw if the wman nticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questined many times whether ur acts f kindness were t small t make a difference. Yet at that mment, I realized the truth f Mther Teresa’s wrds: “We cannt d great things—nly small things with great lve.”
13．What des the article want t tell us?
A．It’s difficult t help everyne in need.
B．A small act f kindness means a lt.
C．Each family has its wn prblems.
【答案】 13．B
13．主旨大意题。根据“I have questined many times whether ur acts f kindness were t small t make a difference”可知，这篇文章想告诉我们一个小小的善行意味着许多，故选B。
【示例2】
“Barbara and I get alng s well, ” Glan said. “We have a lt f fun chatting tgether. I care abut her. She's like a new friend.” It might sund crazy hiring a stranger t act as a grandchild. Hwever, these yung peple are a great help t ld peple wh live alne.
43．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Grandchildren NeededB．Mre Vlunteers Wanted
C．Family Prblems SlvedD．Papa Advertisement Fund
【答案】43．A
43．最佳标题。根据文章最后一段中“It might sund crazy hiring a stranger t act as a grandchild. Hwever, these yung peple are a great help t ld peple wh live alne.”可知雇一个陌生人当孙子听起来可能很疯狂。然而，这些年轻人对独居的老人有很大的帮助，故选A。
五、篇章结构题
【示例1】
Spatial (空间) learning is an imprtant skill in the animal kingdm. This is because it helps animals find fd when it’s nt easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are knwn t d this.
A recent study has fund that the butterfly als has ability f spatial learning. This butterfly cmes frm Suth and Central America. And it’s knwn fr different types f wing patterns.
In the study, the research team carried ut spatial learning experiments n butterflies under three different spatial cnditins. First, they tested the insect’s ability t learn the lcatin f real fd in a 1-square-meter space made up f 16 fake (假的) flwers. This test represented (代表) searching fr fd in a single area.
And they tested if the butterflies culd learn t cnnect fd with either the left r right side f a 3-square-meter tw-armed maze (迷宫), representing many plants at a single place.
The team then increased the distances again. They used large utdr cages (笼子) t test if the butterflies culd learn the lcatin f fd in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze lks like the letter T. This test represented searching fr fd in the wild. This was clser t the cnditins in which the insect finds fd in the wild.
The experiments n butterflies shw signs f spatial learning-they can remember the spatial lcatin f their fd. In the future studies, the team plans t test if they are better at spatial learning than clsely-related species (近亲物种).
25．What’s the structure (结构) f the passage? (P=Paragraph)
A．B．C．D．
【答案】A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。
【解析】篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段介绍了空间学习在动物中的重要性；第二段介绍了来自美洲的蝴蝶也有这样的技能；第三段至第五段为科学家做的三次实验；最后一段给出结论，动物可以记住食物的空间位置。因此选项A中的结构符合题意。故选A。
【示例2】
Where is the wrld’s best high-speed rail system? In China! High-speed railway, which has develped quickly in recent years, has becme a famus name card f China.
In the past ten years, China’s high-speed rail netwrk (高速铁路网) has grwn frm under 10, 000 kilmeters t ver 40, 000 kilmeters, making it the wrld’s lngest high-speed rail netwrk, lng enugh t circle the entire equatr (整个赤道).
Frm the ld-style green trains t the Fuxing high-speed trains, China’s high-speed railways have develped quickly and brught us clser t ur hmetwn villages. In 2016, the Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway pened t traffic. The distances between nearly 340 traditinal villages and high-speed railway statins have been reduced t less than ne hur, while mst f them were mre than three hurs away frm the statins befre the railway pened.
With China’s high-speed trains becming faster and faster, peple can save mre travel time. Fr example, yu can leave frm Beijing in the mrning t take part in a meeting in Shanghai at nn. Then, yu can arrive at Hangzhu in the afternn, enjying the beauty f the West Lake. In the evening, yu can return t Beijing safely.
China’s high-speed railway has already gne t the wrld. In 2014, An-Yi high-speed rail, the first high-speed railway built by Chinese cmpanies verseas (在海外), was finished and pened t traffic. In 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, jintly built by China and Indnesia, can cut travel time between the tw cities frm mre than 3 hurs t 40 minutes.
China’s high-speed railways crss rivers and muntains, cnnect hme and abrad, and see the changes ver time. Frm nthing, we are a leader in this industry nw. As a name card f China, China’s high-speed railway has amazed the wrld!
30．What is the best structure (结构) fr the text?
A． B．C．D．
【答案】B
【分析】本文主要讲述了中国高速铁路的发展。
【解析】篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍中国高速铁路近年来发展迅速，已成为中国著名的名片，是点明主题；第二段到第五段分别讲述了中国高速铁路的发展情况；最后一段再次点明主题，强调中国高速铁路的发展迅速。选项B图片符合。故选B。
一、阅读理解
（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）Mst f us cannt imagine mdern life withut scial media(社交媒体). We use it almst every day in rder t keep up with what is happening in ur friends’ lives, r find ut the latest infrmatin. Althugh it has a bad influence if we dn’t use it prperly, scial media has dne mre gd than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can cnnect with peple much mre easily. We are still able t keep in tuch with ur friends if they are far away. With scial media, friendship ges beynd gegraphy. We are able t find friends ld and new. Als, it makes it easier fr us t make friends, especially fr thse wh are afraid f making friends face t face. Are yu shy? If yes, scial media has prbably helped.
Scial media is als ideal fr making yurself heard. Anyne with a vice can express it. Anyne with a talent is free t shw it. Everyne is the new cntent creatr. Mrever, anyne with a smartphne and the Internet can be a reprter. As a result, it has becme much faster t cver the news than ever befre.
Scial media, n the ther hand, can make us less cnfident smetimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library f Science, fund that the mre a persn uses scial media, the sadder he feels abut his wn life. One reasn fr this is that peple arund us put clurful infrmatin and perfect pictures nline in rder t shw ff their best mment. S we ften get a distrted sense f hw wnderful their lives are cmpared t ur wn.
Scial media des nt cause sadness; it simply prvides anther tl fr us t use. Is it gd r bad? Nbel Peace Prize winner Malala Yusafzai says, “What is interesting is the pwer and influence f scial media ... We must try t use scial media in a gd way.” After all, yu decide hw yu use this pwerful tl.
1．What is the greatest advantage f scial media accrding t the passage?
A．Expressing ur vices freely.B．Shwing ur talents t thers.
C．Recrding the best side f ur life.D．Cnnecting with peple mre easily.
2．What des the wrd “distrted” prbably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．clearB．differentC．incrrectD．simple
3．Which picture shws the structure(结构) f the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
A．B．
C．D．
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Scial Media: Our Friend Or Enemy?B．Scial Media: T Use Or Nt T Use?
C．Scial Media: Cnnecting The WrldD．Scial Media: Making Yurself Heard
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了社交媒体的利弊。
1．细节理解题。根据“The greatest advantage is that we can cnnect with peple much mre easily.”可知最大的优点是我们可以更容易地与人联系。故选D。
2．词义猜测题。根据“One reasn fr this is that peple arund us put clurful infrmatin and perfect pictures nline in rder t shw ff their best mment. S we ften get a distrted sense f hw wnderful their lives are cmpared t ur wn.”可知我们周围的人把丰富多彩的信息和完美的图片放在网上，以展示他们最美好的时刻，因此，我们经常会有不正确的感觉，与我们自己的生活相比，他们的生活是多么美好，故此处划线部分意为“不正确的”，和incrrect意义相近。故选C。
3．篇章结构题。本文第一段引出话题；第二第三段介绍了社交媒体的好处；第四段介绍了社交媒体的弊端；第五段进行了总结，选项B符合文章结构。故选B。
4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了社交媒体的利弊，以选项A“社交媒体：我们的朋友还是敌人？”为标题最合适。故选A。
二、阅读理解
（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）A team f Chinese scientists and climbers reached the tp f Qmlangma at abut 12:30 p.m. n Tuesday, May 23. It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.
The team was made up f 13 Chinese scientists and climbers. They set ff at a height f 8,300 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m. After mre than 8 hurs f hard climbing, they arrived at the 8,830-metre weather statin.
After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (传感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自动化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year. Besides, they cllected ice-snw samples n the tp fr further research.
The weather statin recrds temperatures, wind speeds and ther key data fr studying climate change. Climate scientists have fund that glbal warming has had a large influence n the glacier number n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原).
Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生态系统) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.
Since the mid-20th century, China has sent different research expeditin teams t Qmlangma. But because f limited resurces and technlgies, many key scientific questins are still unanswered, such as whether glbal warming can melt the ice at the tp f Qmlangma, and hw ecsystem can change as height increases t extremity.
5．Hw many times has the Chinese science expeditin team reached the tp since last year?
A．Once.B．Twice.C．Three times.D．Fur times.
6．Which paragraph best describes the picture belw?
A．Paragraph 1.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 3.D．Paragraph 4.
7．What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A．The way f scientists studying climate change.
B．The effrt f gvernment t slve climate change.
C．The influence f climate change n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
D．The imprtance f studying ecsystem f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
8．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．The team set f fat a height f 8,830 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m.
B．The team cllected rck samples n the tp fr further research.
C．China has setup the wrld's highest autmated weather statin s far.
D．All the key scientific questins have been answered up t nw.
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C
【分析】本文主要讲述了中国科学家利用气象站去研究珠穆朗玛峰的气候变化情况以及全球变暖对青藏高原的影响。
5．细节理解题。根据“ It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.”可知，自去年以来，中国科学考察队登顶了两次，故选B。
6．推理判断题题。根据图片的展示可知，图片展示的是科学家和登山者到达气象站的情况，与第二段表达的内容一致，故选B。
7．段落大意题。根据“Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生态系统) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.”可知，本段主要是介绍研究青藏高原的生态系统的重要性，故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据“After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (传感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自动化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year.”可知，到目前为止，中国已经建立了世界上最高的自动化气象站。故选C。
三、阅读理解
（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）Scientists wh study happiness have evidence (证据) t shw that being kind t thers can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup f cffee fr smene can lift a persn’s md, fr example. Everyday life is full f chances fr such actins, yet peple d nt always make the mst f them.
In studies, behaviral scientist Nichlas Epley and I examined a pssible explanatin: peple wh d kind acts underestimate (低估) hw much the nes receiving kindness value their behavir.
In the experiments (实验), abut 1, 000 peple were asked t d sme actins t make smene else feel gd. We asked bth the persn perfrming (执行) the kind act and the ne receiving it t answer sme questins. The perfrmers were asked t reprt their wn experience and t guess hw the receivers might feel. We wanted t understand hw valuable peple cnsidered these acts t be, s bth the perfrmer and receiver had t rate (评分) hw “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we cmpared the perfrmer’s expectatins f the receiver’s md with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience.
Fr ne, bth perfrmers and receivers experienced mre psitive (积极的) mds. Fr anther, the receivers felt much better than the kind perfrmers expected. The receivers als rated these acts as “bigger” than the peple perfrming them did.
At first, we studied acts f the kindness dne fr familiar peple, such as friends, classmates r family. But we fund that perfrmers underestimated their psitive influences n strangers as well. In ne experiment, perfrmers in a public park gave away ht chclate n a cld winter’s day t peple that just happened t be nearby. Again, the kind act brught mre happiness than the perfrmers expected.
These findings suggest that what might seem small culd matter a great deal t the persn we d it fr. Cnsidering these warm actins can imprve ur wn md and brighten the day f anther persn, why nt chse kindness when we can?
9．What did the receivers d in the experiments?
A．They shwed kindness t thers.
B．They guessed the perfrmers’ feelings.
C．They rated hw valuable the perfrmers’ act f kindness was.
D．They cmpared the perfrmers’ expectatins with their actual results.
10．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Different purpses f the research.B．Mre evidence fr the research results.
C．Pssible influences f the research findings.D．Anther explanatin f the research methds.
11．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) twards shwing kindness t thers?
A．Supprtive.B．Unclear.C．Dubtful.D．Uninterested.
12．What is the main idea f this article?
A．Being kind can reduce ne’s happiness as expected.
B．Kindness can have unexpectedly psitive influences.
C．Chsing kindness is mre difficult than expected.
D．Shwing kindness is mre valuable than receiving it.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B
【分析】本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。
9．细节理解题。根据“bth the perfrmer and receiver had t rate (评分) hw ‘big’ the act seemed”可知接受者都必须对善意行为的程度进行评分。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据“At first, we studied acts f the kindness dne fr familiar kind act brught mre happiness than the perfrmers expected.”可知本段主要介绍了一些证明研究结果的更多证据。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据“why nt chse kindness when we can?”可知作者建议我们要选择善良，所以作者对于对别人友善的行为是支持的。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。故选B。
四、阅读理解
（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）Climate change (气候变化) has brught a serius warning t the living areas f the Siberian crane, increasing the need t better prtect the birds and their migratry channels (迁徙路径), an expert said.
The Siberian crane breeds (繁殖) in nrtheast Siberia in Russia and flies t Pyang Lake fr the winter in East China’s Jiangxi Prvince. Abut 95 percent f the birds spend the seasn in Pyang.
Qian Fawen, a research prfessr frm the Natinal Bird Banding Center f China, said that Pyang’s water levels decide whether it is suitable fr the birds t live there. Hwever, climate change has made the levels change ften. “In sme years, the lake experiences flds; in thers, it experiences drughts. Bth f these situatins create fd shrtages in the cranes’ living area,” he said.
The Siberian crane is listed as seriusly endangered n the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature Red List. “We need t prtect their living area, which is mainly wetland, s that we can prtect them,” Qian said.
In the recently annunced Natinal Actin Plan fr the Prtectin f Bird Migratin Channels (2021-35), 1, 140 places in China were cnsidered as imprtant breeding grunds, wintering grunds and staying stps, including Pyang and the Yellw River wetland in Ningxia. The plan said that the gvernment shuld watch and cunt the number f migratry birds and pay farmers fr lsses caused by the birds.
Since China jined the Ramsar Cnventin n Wetlands in 1992, it has designated (指定) 202,600 hectares f wetland as Wetlands f Internatinal Imprtance. They stre and clean water, keep all kinds f living things, help stre flds and prevent drughts. Accrding t a plan annunced by the central gvernment in Octber, by 2025, China will have prtected 55 percent f its wetlands.
After the Wetlands Prtectin Law, the natin’s first law t prtect wetlands, was intrduced n June 1, 2022, cmplete prtectin was strengthened. The law clearly explained what the gvernment shuld d and intrduced strict punishment fr peple wh destry wetland areas. It limits building at imprtant natinal wetlands and it desn’t allw harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing t much.
Key nature reserve management ffices in China have reprted mre birds wintering in the natin’s wetlands, including sme new rare kinds. ▲
13．What can we learn frm Paragraph 2 t Paragraph 4?
A．Abut 95 percent f the Siberian cranes spend their winter in Pyang Lake.
B．Climate change has little influence n the Siberian cranes’ living area in Pyang.
C．The Siberian cranes will live in Pyang all year rund if the wetland is prtected.
D．Water levels decide that Pyang Lake isn’t suitable fr the Siberian cranes t live.
14．Which f the fllwing behavirs is right at imprtant wetlands?
①building huses ②making farmlands ③limiting fishing
④leaving wastewater ⑤watching birds
A．①③B．②④C．③⑤D．②⑤
15．What des this passage mainly tell us?
A．The prblem the Siberian cranes face and the ways peple prtect wetlands.
B．The reasn why the Siberian cranes migrate and the place they usually stay in.
C．The imprtance f prtecting the Siberian cranes and the result it will lead t.
D．The lss f wetlands and the actins that have already been taken t help them.
16．What will the writer prbably cntinue t write in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 8?
A．Peple have dne smething t prtect wetlands.
B．The number f the birds has increased in wetlands.
C．Experts will g n t d ther research n wetlands.
D．The gvernment will make mre laws t prtect wetlands.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B
【分析】本文主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤面临的问题以及人们保护湿地的方式。
13．细节理解题。根据“Abut 95 percent f the birds spend the seasn in Pyang.”可知大约95%的鸟类在鄱阳湖度过冬天。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据“the gvernment shuld watch and cunt the number f migratry birds”可知政府应该观察和统计候鸟的数量，即⑤；根据“ it desn’t allw harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing t much.”可知不允许过度捕捞，即要限制捕捞，即③。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤面临的问题以及人们保护湿地的方式。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据“Key nature reserve management ffices in China have reprted mre birds wintering in the natin’s wetlands, including sme new rare kinds”可知中国主要自然保护区管理办公室报告称，有更多的鸟类在中国湿地越冬，其中包括一些新的稀有物种，可见湿地的鸟类数量在增加，选项B“湿地中的鸟类数量有所增加”符合语境。故选B。
五、阅读理解
（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）Katie was waiting fr Gulliver’s calls. Instead, she just heard sparrws making nise in the bushes. “Maybe Gulliver missed the harbur.” Dad said. After breakfast, Katie tk her camera t the harbur. All the clurful bats made pretty pictures, but nt the ne she wanted mst.
Katie waved t Ernest, her uncle’s neighbur, n the bathuse. The gull’s name, Gulliver, was given by him. The gull’s size and his single leg made the bird itself different. But Ernest tld Katie what Gulliver did that first summer Katie and her dad came caught everyne’s attentin. Yung Katie lay in her strller (婴儿车) n the flating dck (码头) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing bats nearby. The waves frm the passing bat made Katie’s strller shake strngly. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Gulliver made the ludest cry. Dad and uncle rushed t Katie and stpped the strller frm falling int the water. They kept a clse eye at Katie after that. Anther summer Katie was three years ld, she liked t tuch everything. But Dad didn’t watch her every minute when she tried t catch small ducks arund r fish frm water. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” The gull’s cry brught Dad back in time. He stpped Katie as she tried t fllw the small ducks running twards water. Several summers passed, and Gulliver cntinued t call ut as Katie tried new things.
This summer Katie did the usual by-the-sea things she’d learned t d. One day, she rwed a bat ut but was trapped n a rck by a strm. As she lked up and tried t catch the last warmth f the sunshine thrugh dark cluds, she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky fr an answer. Putting her arms arund knees, she clsed eyes t hld in the tears (眼泪). “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Katie sat up. “Katie! Katie!” Sn, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared. “Hw lucky! We heard Gulliver as we came arund the rcks,” Uncle Ralph said, “At least… it sunded like him. Strange, he was nwhere in sight.” Katie remembered the feather. “I thught I heard him, t.”
—Adapted frm the stry by Gillian Richardsn
17．Katie tk a camera t the harbur in rder t take a picture f ________.
A．GulliverB．ErnestC．sparrwsD．bats
18．What’s the right rder f the fllwing events abut Katie?
①She was trapped n a rck by a strm.
②She lay in her strller n the flating dck.
③She fllwed the small ducks running twards water.
A．①②③B．①③②C．②③①D．②①③
19．Which f the fllwing can shw the change f Katie’s feelings in Paragraph 3?
A．sad—peaceful—excitedB．sad—excited—nervus
C．helpless—hpeful—thankfulD．helpless—thankful—nervus
20．What’s the best title fr the stry?
A．Katie and GulliverB．Katie’s Hlidays
C．Katie and DadD．Katie’s Tears
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．C 20．A
【分析】本文根据Gillian Richardsn所写的故事改编，主要讲述了女孩Katie和海鸥Gulliver的故事。
17．细节理解题。根据“Katie was waiting fr Gulliver’s calls.”可知，Katie想拍Gulliver。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据“Yung Katie lay in her strller (婴儿车) n the flating dck (码头) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing bats nearby.”可知，她躺在浮动船坞上的婴儿车里，因此②排在第一位；根据“He stpped Katie as she tried t fllw the small ducks running twards water.”可知，她跟着小鸭子朝水边跑去，因此③排在第二位；根据“One day, she rwed a bat ut but was trapped n a rck by a strm.”可知，她被暴风雨困在岩石上，因此①排在第一位。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据“One day, she rwed a bat ut but was trapped n a rck by a strm.”可推知，她被暴风雨困在岩石上应该是无助的；根据“she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky fr an answer.”可推知，当看到白色羽毛时，她应该是满怀希望的；根据“Sn, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared.”可知，爸爸和叔叔找到了她应该是感激的。故选C。
20．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，主要讲述了女孩Katie和海鸥Gulliver的故事。故选项A“Katie和Gulliver”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。
六、阅读理解
（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Family is very imprtant fr everyne, n matter where yu are frm. S in bth East and West, peple have festivals t celebrate family reunins(团聚). These festivals include the Mid-Autumn Festival in China and Thanksgiving Day in the US. Hw are they celebrated and what are the differences? Let’s take a lk.
Sharing the mnlight
The Mid-Autumn Festival is the secnd mst imprtant traditinal festival in China after the Spring Festival. It’s n the 15th day f the eighth mnth f Chinese lunar calendar. In ancient China, the day was cnsidered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain(谷物) had been cllected frm the fields. All the family gt tgether and had a big dinner. They ate a special festival fd-mn cakes and enjyed the full mn.
On that day, the mn is full. The full mn is a symbl fr family reunins which mean tuanyuan in Chinese. Nw peple als celebrate the festival by getting tgether and having a big dinner.
When it gets dark, peple lk up at the full mn, eating mn cakes and missing friends and relatives wh are far frm hme. “We wish each ther a lng life s as t share the beauty f this graceful mnlight, even thugh miles apart!” wrte Su Shi, a famus Sng Dynasty pet.
Shwing thanks
Thanksgiving Day is ne f the biggest hlidays in the US. It’s n the furth Thursday f Nvember. Peple visit their friends and relatives t remind themselves that they are lucky t have happiness, health and family and als t have a rf ver their heads.
In 1621, abut 100 English peple tk a ship, the Mayflwer, and arrived in the nrtheastern US. The winter there was very cld and life was hard. As the American Indians helped them a lt, the English peple asked them t have a big meal with then in rder t express their thanks. The celebratin lasted fr three days.
Tday, peple usually have a family meal n Thanksgiving Day. They enjy delicius fd such as pumpkin scrn and a big, glden turkey.
There are ther traditins n the day. Fr example, the turkey has a V-shaped bne in the breast. It’s called a wishbne. After rasting(烤), tw persns each take ne end f the bne. They make a wish and then pull it. If ne gets the larger part f the bne, he r she will get gd luck.
The mst imprtant part f Thanksgiving Day is t say “thanks”— this is the spirit f the hliday. Peple als like t watch the Thanksgiving Day Parade n TV.
21．Why did peple celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival in ancient China?
A．Because peple culd eat mn cakes.
B．Because peple enjyed the full mn.
C．Because peple culd get tgether with relatives.
D．Because peple had a gd harvest frm the fields.
22．What des the underlined part “t have a rf ver their heads” in the passage prbably mean?
A．T have smewhere t live.B．T have fd t eat.
C．T have friends t talk t.D．T have clthes t wear.
23．What is the spirit f Thanksgiving Day?
A．T pull the bne.B．T play American ftball.
C．T say “thanks”.D．T watch the Parade.
24．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．The backgrund t the tw festivals.B．The intrductin t the tw festivals.
C．The activities f the tw festivals.D．The custms f the tw festivals.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国和美国庆祝家庭团聚的两个节日——中秋节和感恩节。
21．细节理解题。根据“In ancient China, the day was cnsidered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain(谷物) had been cllected frm the fields.”可知，在中国古代，这一天被认为是丰收的节日，因为水果、蔬菜和谷物已经从田地里收集起来了。故选D。
22．词句猜测题。分析“Peple visit their friends and relatives t remind themselves that they are lucky t have happiness, health and family and als t have a rf ver their heads.”可知，人们拜访他们的朋友和亲戚来提醒自己，他们是幸运的，拥有幸福，健康和家庭，也有一个屋顶在他们的头上。“have a rf ver their heads”的意思是“有地方住”，故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据“The mst imprtant part f Thanksgiving Day is t say ‘thanks’— this is the spirit f the hliday.”可知，感恩节最重要的部分是说“谢谢”——这是这个节日的精神。故选C。
24．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍中国和美国庆祝家庭团聚的两个节日——中秋节和感恩节，故选B。
七、（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）
It was my first day at schl. It was als Miss Carline’s first day t be a teacher.
Miss Carline began the day by reading us a stry abut cats. Then she started t teach us the alphabet (字母表).
When Miss Carline discvered that I was literate (有读写能力的), she said, “Tell yur father nt t teach yu any mre. It’s best t begin reading and writing with a fresh mind.”
After supper that night, Atticus sat dwn with the paper and called, “Scut, ready t read?”
I tld Atticus I didn’t feel very well and didn’t think I’d g t schl any mre if it was all right with him.
“Yu never went t schl and yu d all right, s I’ll just stay hme t. Yu can teach me like Granddaddy taught yu.”
“N, I can’t,” said Atticus. “I have t make a living. Besides, they’d put me in prisn if I kept yu at hme. Nw what’s the matter?”
I tld him what happened at schl. “Miss Carline said yu taught me all wrng, s we can’t ever read any mre. Please dn’t send me back, please sir.”
“First f all,” he said, “if yu can learn a simple trick, Scut, yu’ll get alng a lt better with all kinds f peple. Yu never really understand a persn until yu cnsider things frm his pint f view—”
“Sir?”
“—until yu climb int his skin and walk arund in it.”
Atticus cntinued, “Yu learned many things tday. Miss Carline learned several things herself. We culd nt expect her t learn all ur ways in ne day, and we shuld understand her when she knew n better.”
“But if I keep n ging t schl, we can’t ever read any mre…”
“That’s really wrrying yu, isn’t it?”
“Yes, sir.”
When Atticus lked at me, I saw the lk n his face that always made me expect smething. “D yu knw what a cmprmise (妥协) is?” he asked.
“Breaking the law?”
“N, an agreement. It wrks this way,” he said. “If yu prmise me t g t schl, we’ll g n reading every night as usual. Is it OK?”
“Yes sir!”
25．What happened t Scut n her first day at schl?
A．She was nt able t read the alphabet.
B．She lst interest in reading and writing.
C．She culdn’t fllw Miss Carline in class.
D．She was asked t stp learning frm Atticus.
26．What des the underlined part in Paragraph 11 mean?
A．T play a small trick n him.B．T walk hand in hand with him.
C．T tell him abut yur thughts.D．T think frm his pint f view.
27．What did Scut agree t d twards the end f the stry?
A．G t schl.B．Stay at hme.
C．Teach herself.D．Make a living.
28．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Scut didn’t trust Atticus.B．Scut didn’t like reading.
C．Atticus was a wise father.D．Atticus was mad at Scut.
【答案】25．D 26．D 27．A 28．C
【分析】本文主要讲述了Scut被老师发现有读写能力，于是老师要求Scut停止向父亲Atticus学习，Scut回家后把这件事告诉了父亲，她也很担心再也不能读书了，在父亲的开导下，最后同意去上学的故事。
25．细节理解题。根据“Tell yur father nt t teach yu any mre. It’s best t begin reading and writing with a fresh mind”可知Scut被老师要求停止向Atticus学习。故选D。
26．词句猜测题。根据“Yu never really understand a persn until yu cnsider things frm his pint f view”（除非你从一个人的角度考虑问题，否则你永远不会真正了解他）可知此处是指Atticus让Scut从一个人的角度去思考。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据“But if I keep n ging t schl, we can’t ever read any mre”（但是如果我继续上学，我们就不能再读书了）以及“If yu prmise me t g t schl, we’ll g n reading every night as usual. Is it OK?”（如果你答应我去上学，我们就像往常一样每天晚上继续读书。可以吗？）可知Scut在故事的结尾同意去上学，故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了Scut被老师发现有读写能力，于是老师要求Scut停止向父亲Atticus学习，Scut回家后把这件事告诉了父亲，她也很担心再也不能读书了，在父亲的开导下，最后同意去上学的故事，可以推知Atticus是个明智的父亲。故选C。
八、（2023·苏州中考真题）
It was my first day at schl. It was als Miss Carline’s first day t be a teacher.
Miss Carline began the day by reading us a stry abut cats Then she started t teach us the alphabet (字母表).
When Miss Carline discvered that I was literate (有读写能力的), she said, “Tell yur father nt t teach yu any mre. It’s best t begin reading and writing with a fresh mind.”
After supper that night, Atticus sat dwn with the paper and called, “Scut, ready t read?”
I tld Atticus I didn’t feel very well and didn’t think I’d g t schl any mre if it was all right with him.
“Yu never went t schl and yu d all right, s I’ll just stay hme t. Yu can teach me like Grandaddy taught yu.”
“N, I can’t,” said Atticus. “I have t make a living. Besides, they’d put me in prisn if I kept yu at hme. Nw what’s the matter?”
I tld him what happened at schl. “Miss Carline said yu taught me all wrng, s we can’t ever read any mre. Please dn’t send me back, please sir.”
“First f all,” he said, “if yu can learn a simple trick, Scut, yu’ll get alng a lt better with all kinds f peple. Yu never really understand a persn until yu cnsider things frm his pint f view—”
“Sir?”
“—until yu climb int his skin and walk arund in it.”
Atticus cntinued, “Yu learned many things tday. Miss Carline learned several things herself. We culd nt expect her t learn all ur ways in ne day, and we shuld understand her when she knew n better.”
“But if I keep n ging t schl, we can’t ever read any mre…”
“That’s really wrrying yu, isn’t it?”
“Yes, sir.”
When Atticus lked at me, I saw the lk n his face that always made me expect smething. “D yu knw what a cmprmise (妥协) is?” he asked.
“Breaking the law?”
“N, an agreement. It wrks this way,” he said. “If yu prmise me t g t schl, we’ll g n reading every night as usual. Is it OK?”
“Yes sir!”
1. What happened t Scut n her first day at schl?
A. She was nt able t read the alphabet.
B. She lst interest in reading and writing.
C. She culdn’t fllw Miss Carline in class.
D. She was asked t stp learning frm Atticus.
2. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 11 mean?
A. T play a small trick n him.B. T walk hand in hand with him.
C. T tell him abut yur thughts.D. T think frm his pint f view.
3. What did Scut agree t d twards the end f the stry?
A. G t schl.B. Stay at hme.
C. Teach herself.D. Make a living.
4. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Scut didn’t trust Atticus.B. Scut didn’t like reading.
C. Atticus was a wise father.D. Atticus was mad at Scut.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C
【解析】本文主要讲述了Scut被老师发现有读写能力，于是老师要求Scut停止向父亲Atticus学习，Scut回家后把这件事告诉了父亲，她也很担心再也不能读书了，在父亲的开导下，最后同意去上学的故事。
1.细节理解题。根据“Tell yur father nt t teach yu any mre. It’s best t begin reading and writing with a fresh mind”可知Scut被老师要求停止向Atticus学习。故选D。
2.词句猜测题。根据“Yu never really understand a persn until yu cnsider things frm his pint f view”（除非你从一个人的角度考虑问题，否则你永远不会真正了解他）可知此处是指Atticus让Scut从一个人的角度去思考。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据“But if I keep n ging t schl, we can’t ever read any mre”（但是如果我继续上学，我们就不能再读书了）以及“If yu prmise me t g t schl, we’ll g n reading every night as usual. Is it OK?”（如果你答应我去上学，我们就像往常一样每天晚上继续读书。可以吗？）可知Scut在故事的结尾同意去上学，故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了Scut被老师发现有读写能力，于是老师要求Scut停止向父亲Atticus学习，Scut回家后把这件事告诉了父亲，她也很担心再也不能读书了，在父亲的开导下，最后同意去上学的故事，可以推知Atticus是个明智的父亲。故选C。