【15】中考英语专项复习 阅读理解

这是一份【15】中考英语专项复习 阅读理解，共7页。
中考考点要求：
阅读理解题主要考查考生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息的综合语言运用能力，包括阅读、理解、
归纳概括、推理判断以及对材料的评估能力等。
【解题指导】
阅读理解解题方法
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、 归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
【考查内容】
1.阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累。
2.阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要注意文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题或背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。
【解题技巧】[来源:学*科*网]
1.主旨题（ T find ut the main idea)
其目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。
解题技巧为：找主题句。 应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。
主旨题常见题式为：
1.Which is the best title f this passage?
2.The main idea f this passage is_____
3.The passage mainly tells us：_________
例题1
Happiness is fr everyne…
In fact, happiness is always arund yu, if yu put yur heart int it…
Happiness is nt the same as mney, it is a feeling f yur heart…
( )Which f the fllwing is this passage abut?
A. Bad luck B. Gd luck C. Happiness D. Life （答案为C）
例题2
It’s s crwded in Flrida! We had t wait a lng time t g n the rides smetimes…..
( )The paragraph mainly tells us_________.
A. It’s s crwded in Flrida.
B. We had t wait a lng time . (答案为A)
例题3
Nw scientists have tld us sme gd news t fight travel sickness. Chse an aisle(过道) seat n a plane, train and sit in the frnt f a car. Avid standing. Always face the same way that yu’re travelling and leave yur bks at hme.
( )The paragraph is mainly abut ________ ?
A.Where t sit n a plane B.When t travel
C.Hw t prevent travel sickness D.Why we shuldn’t stand
例题4
Six strng men tried t push and pull(拉拽) the bull ut, but the bull didn’t mve at all and even attacked them. The men thught carefully and decided t fill the bull’s milk bttle with milk then used it t lead the bull ut. It wrked at last. Smetimes we meet with trubles. Maybe at first yu find it difficult t deal with a prblem. But thinking in different ways may lead yu t the slutin.
( )What des this paragraph want t tell us?
A. Experience is the best teacher. B.Smething tried, smething dne.
C. It’s dangerus t make a bull angry. D.When a usual way can’t help, try anther way
→主旨大意隐含在全篇中。对每段主题句，进行全面考虑，综合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
2. 细节题( T lk fr details)
细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。
解题技巧为： 快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。
例题1
Peter started playing fr the lcal club when he was nly 10 years ld in 1948. In 1970,he was in the team that wn the Wrld Cup fr Brazil again. He finally stpped playing in1977.
Hw many years did Peter play ftball?
________________________________(答案为29 years。抓住两个年份数字1977-1948)
细节题中的难点常为此类问题：
Which f the fllwing is True/Nt True?
这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息对事实进行判断。选项之间没有联系。解题技巧为：仔细回读相关信息。针对选项，逐个判断正误，1道等于4道。
例题2
It seems that everybdy tells lies- well, nt big lies, but what we call “white lies” .Telling white lies isn't that bad. Mst f the time ,peple d it because they want t prtect a friendship.
( )Which f the fllwing is nt True:
A. White lies are nt big lies. B. In fact, everybdy tells lies .
C. Peple tell white lies t prtect a friendship. D. White lies are harmful t friendship.
（答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。） （答案为D）
例题3
Assistant Needed
An assistant is needed in the Pizza Hut. He/She must be healthy and shuld have an interest in making pizza. Mre imprtantly, he/she shuld have wrk experience in a restaurant.
Tel: 021-23432569.
( )This advertisement tells us that _______.
A. the assistant must be a man. B. the assistant must have nce wrked in a restaurant.
C. the assistant must be gd at making pizza .D. Wrk experience isn’t necessary.
→定位--抓住选项中的关键词, 回原文中找到相关句。
3. 推断题（ T infer a cnclusin)
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。
常见题式：
Frm the passage we knw that______
Frm the passage we can infer(推断) that___
注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。
例题1
The dctr gave my sister sme medicine, but it did nthing t her.
( )Frm this sentence knw__________.
A. my sister didn't like this medicine B. my sister tk the medicine
C. the medicine made my sister sick D. my sister gt better nw
（根据后半句的but it did nthing t her推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。） （答案为D）
例题2
Duke Ellingtn is knwn as ne f the mst imprtant cmpsers(作曲家) f his time, and his wrks have been enjyed fr mre than 80 years by music lvers all ver the wrld. During his lifetime Ellingtn turned musical sunds int many cmpsitins, mstly in the style f Jazz
( )We may infer frm the passage that ___________.
A.Ellingtn’s wrks disappeared quickly. B. Ellingtn lves travelling arund the wrld.
C.Ellingtn culd cmpse all kinds f sngs. D.Ellingtn had a great influence n the wrld f music
→根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句, 进行合理推断、概括的选项为正确答案
4.猜测词义题( T guess the meaning)
猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。
解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。
常见题式如下：
The wrd “…” in the passage prbably means_________.
What des the wrd “…”mean______.
The underlined(划线的) wrd means_________
例题1
Children like such creatures as dgs and mnkeys.
( )The underlined(划线的) wrd means_________
A. animals B. plants C. Humans D. tys （由dgs and mnkeys 可推断出，答案为 A ）
例题2
Yu have a lw pinin f yurself and ften prtect yurself frm being hurt, s yu are very defensive.
( )What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “defensive” ?________
A.易怒的 B.攻击性的 C.外向的 D.有戒心的
→利用因果关系猜测词义
例题3
Nw there are many huses arund the lake. Peple ften use chemicals in their gardens. They use ther chemicals inside their huses fr cleaning r killing insects. There are als many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines r shps.
( ) “Chemical” in the stry means _______.
A.化学家 B.污染品 C.药品 D.化学制品 （答案为 D）
→根据已经学习的词根、词缀来推出未知词汇的意思。
例题4
Unlike his brther, wh is truly a handsme man, Jhn is quite hmely．( )
例题5
A strict vegetarian is a persn wh never eats meat in his life. ( ) → 通过释义来推测词意。
【能力提升】
一、人物故事篇（记叙文）
D yu believe that yu aren’t smarter than 3-year-ld Alexis Martin, ne f the yungest members f the high IQ club Mensa? Preschler (学龄前的) Alexis’s IQ is 159, which is nly ne pint lwer than Stephen Hawking’s. Dctrs say the average IQ f a persn is abut 100.
She learned t read at the age f 2. She reads at a fifth grade level and has taught herself Spanish n her parents’ iPad! Nw, she is a member f the Mensa Club, which nly accepts peple with an IQ within the tp tw per cent f peple in the wrld!
Alexis’ father, Ian Martin, said he first realized Alexis was special when she was 12 mnths ld. She culd recite (背诵) bedtime stries. “We’d be driving arund in the car and she wuld recite her bedtime stries frm the night befre. She didn’t just recite them, and she recited them exactly.” Alexis’ father wuld try t trick her and say that her stry went a different way, but she always crrected him. Mst 12-mnth-ld children take their first steps n their wn and mst 18-mnth-lds can nly name a small number f bjects and bdy parts, and fllw simple tw-step questins.
Even thugh Alexis is a genius (天才), her parents are faced with lts f challenges like hw t teach her t make friends f her wn age.
“Will she g int kindergarten early? We are kind f hesitant (迟疑的) because we d want her t get t that scial wrld,” Ian said.
( )1.Alexis Martin is a girl wh _____________.
A. has many hbbies B. has a high IQ C. is gd at telling stries D. likes reading
( )2.Accrding t the reprt, Stephen Hawking’s IQ is as high as ___________.
A. 158 B. 159 C. 160 D. 101
( )3.Alexis Martin culd recite bedtime stries at ____________.
A. the age f 2 B. the age f 1
C. ne and a half years ld D. the age f 3
( )4.What wuld Alexis d when her father said her bedtime stries went a different way?
A. She wuld refuse t listen. B. She wuld try t recite it.
C. She wuld crrect him. D. She wuld laugh at it.
( )5.Which f the fllwing statements abut Alexis is NOT true?
A. She is accepted by the Mensa Club. B. She has made a lt f friends.
C. She learned t read at the age f 2. D. She learned a freign language by herself.
二、说明篇
Hw quickly can yu cunt frm ne t ten? D yu use ten different wrds t d it? Can yu d it in English，r d yu have t use yur first language? D yu cunt n yur fingers? Many peple think that numbers and math are the same all ver the wrld. But scientists have discvered that it is nt true.
Peple in different parts f the wrld use different ways t cunt n their fingers. In the United States，peple begin cunting with their first finger，which they extend r stick ut. They then extend the rest f their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)t cunt t five. Then they repeat this with the ther hand t get t ten. In China，peple cunt by using different finger psitins. In this way，a Chinese persn can easily cunt t ten n nly ne hand.
Besides ways f finger cunting，scientists have fund that cultures and languages are als different when it cmes t numbers. Sme languages have nly a few wrds fr numbers，and thers have n wrds fr numbers. A grup f scientists studied abriginal(土著的)peple in Australia. These peple dn’t have hand mvements t stand fr numbers. They dn’t even have wrds fr numbers. Hwever，they are still able t understand different ideas abut numbers.
In a similar study，researchers frm the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy discvered that peple f the Piraha tribe(部落)in nrthwestern Brazil dn’t have wrds fr numbers such as “ne” r “three”. They are nt able t say “five trees” r “ten trees” but can say “sme trees”, “mre trees” r “many trees”. Prfessr Edward Gibsn said that mst peple believe that everyne knws hw t cunt，“But here is a grup that des nt cunt. They culd learn，but it’s nt useful in their culture，s they’ve never picked it up.”
Althugh all humans are able t understand quantities(数量)，nt all languages have numbers and nt all peple use cunting. Number wrds in a certain language are a result f peple needing numbers in their daily lives. Nw we knw that peple have different ideas abut numbers and math，t.
( )6.The writer begins with the fur questins in rder t_______ .
A. make a survey B. interest readers
C. tell a stry D. slve math prblems
( )7.What d we learn frm the difference in finger cunting between the U.S. and China?
A. Peple frm China cunt much faster than peple frm the U.S.
B. Peple frm China need tw hands t cunt frm ne t ten.
C. Peple f different cultures may use different ways f finger cunting.
D. Peple f different cultures use the same way f finger cunting.
( )8.Which f the fllwing is true abut abriginal Australians?
A. They have nly a few wrds fr numbers. B. They have hand mvements t stand fr numbers.
C. They can nly cunt t five n their fingers. D. They can understand different ideas abut numbers.
( )9.The study f the Piraha tribe shws that_________ .
A. peple all ver the wrld knw hw t cunt B. peple f the tribe have wrds fr numbers
C. sme grups f peple are nt smart enugh t cunt D. cunting is nt useful in the culture f the tribe
( )10.What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Peple frm different cultures have different ideas abut numbers and math.
B. Chinese peple can cunt mre easily n their fingers than Americans.
C. In sme abriginal cultures，peple dn’t even knw hw t cunt.
D. Sme languages dn’t have number wrds because peple dn’t need numbers.
三、应用篇
( )11.Yu can________ at J&M Music Stre.
A. receive guitar lessns B. brrw new r used CDs
C. learn pp music histry D. buy all kinds f music bks
( )12. Yu can g t Times Cffee Shp t have cffee and pies at_______.
A. 8:30 a.m. B. 9:30 a.m. C. 10:30 p.m. D. 11:30 p.m.
( )13. If yur friend is cming fr a visit, where will he stay fr a night?
A. In J&M Music Stre. B. In Peth Market
C. At Times Cffee Shp. D. At Macn's B&B.
( )14. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. There is n breakfast at Macn's B&B. B. Yu can't listen t the CD befre yu buy it.
C. Times Cffee Shp ffers Jazz music every day.
D. Kids under 12 can get free ice cream in Peth Market.
( )15. Where is the passage prbably frm?
A. A dictinary. B. A newspaper. C. A stry bk. D. A science reprt.
四、英美作家的经典文学作品（略作改写）
One afternn I tured an art museum while waiting fr my husband t finish a business meeting. I was lking frward t a quiet view f the art wrks.
A yung cuple viewing the paintings ahead f me chatted nnstp between themselves. I watched them a mment and decided the wife was ding all the talk. I admired the husband’s patience fr putting up with her cntinuus talk. Distracted by their nise, I mved n.
I met with them several times as I mved thrugh the different rms f art. Each time I heard her cnstant burst f wrds, I mved away quickly.
I was standing at the cunter f the museum gift shp making a purchase when the cuple came near t the exit. Befre they left, the man reached int his pcket and pulled ut a white bject. He extended it int a lng stick and tapped his way int the catrm t get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a brave man. ”The clerk at the cunter said,” Mst f us wuld give up if we were blinded at such a yung age. During his recvery he made a prmise that his life wuldn’t change. S , as befre, he and his wife cme in whenever there’s a new art shw.”
“But what dse he get ut f the art?” I asked, “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see? Yu’re wrng. He sees a lt. Mre than yu r I d.” The clerk said, “His wife describes each painting s he can see it in his head.”
I learned smething abut patience, curage and lve that day. I saw the patience f a yung wife describing paintings t a persn withut sight and the curage f a husband wh wuld nt allw blindness t change his life. And I saw the lve shared by tw peple as I watched this cuple walk away hand in hand.
( )16.The yung cuple were at an art museum ________.
A. t shw their lve B. t appreciate art
C. t discuss paintings D. t describe paintings
( )17.“…I mved away quickly.” in Paragraph 3 shws that the writer ________.
A. was in the hpe f visiting mre rms B. was in a hurry t buy sme gifts
C. was tired f the nnstp talking D. was nt interested in the art shw
( )18.We can infer frm the passage that the husband _________.
A. was nt brn blind B. culdn’t stand his wife
C. knew nthing abut art D. cmpletely depended n his wife
( )19.After hearing what the clerk had said abut the cuple, the writer was ________.
A. encuraged B. excited C. tuched D. annyed
( )20.The passage is mainly abut ___________.
A. the imprtance f art B. gd manners in public
C. patience f a husband D. lve between a cuple
J&M Music Stre
• Rck, pp and cuntry music
• Buy CDs new r used
• Listen befre yu buy
• Guitar lessns ffered
Peth Market
• Fresh fruit and vegetables
• Open Friday t Sunday mrnings
• Free ice cream fr children under 12
Times Cffee Shp
• The best cffee in twn
• Sandwiches, cakes, pies
•Open 10:00a.m—11:00 p.m. daily
•Jazz music( Wednesday t Sunday)
Macn's B&B
• Feel like hme
• We have different kinds f rms
• Delicius hmemade breakfast