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2023-2024学年北京市西城区九年级一模英语试卷（含详细答案解析）
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这是一份2023-2024学年北京市西城区九年级一模英语试卷（含详细答案解析），共18页。试卷主要包含了单选题，完形填空，阅读理解，任务型阅读-简答，信息匹配，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.My sister likes drawing and ________ wants t be an artist in the future.
A. sheB. heC. itD. they
2.I like listening t music while exercising _______ the park.
A. nB. underC. inD. t
3.—Wuld yu like mre pizza, Linda?—N, thanks. The pizza is delicius ________ I'm full.
A. ifB. butC. becauseD. r
4.—_______ yu read the sign acrss the street, Tm?—N, I can't.
A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Might
5.La She is ne f Chinese writers f the twentieth century.
A. greatB. greaterC. greatestD. the greatest
6.—_________ are yu late? —Because I missed the early train.
A. WhenB. WhatC. WhyD. Where
7.—Where is Mary?—She ________ the teachers with the pster right nw.
A. is helpingB. helpedC. was helpingD. will help
8.The students ________ a lt fr the shw since last Mnday.
A. have practicedB. practiceC. were practicingD. practiced
9.When my friend called last night, I ________ plans fr the May Day hliday.
A. am makingB. have madeC. makeD. was making
10.I'm n the schl ftball team, and usually we ________ a match n Saturday.
A. hadB. haveC. are havingD. have had
11.The cmmunity library ________ in 2023.
A. buildsB. is builtC. builtD. was built
12.—D yu knw ________? —Next Tuesday afternn. We are lking frward t it.
A. where we will have the schl cncert
B. where will we have the schl cncert
C. when we will have the schl cncert
D. when will we have the schl cncert
二、完形填空：本大题共8小题，共8分。
"We were the cutest babies in the wrld!" I smiled and said t Rachel as I put up a 14 f me riding a hrse n the wall f the classrm.
"I knw, lk at this ne!" Rachel pinted t the picture f us at age five. We bth laughed and shk ur heads. We culdn't believe that we wuld be graduating (毕业) in a week.
As a way f celebrating ur childhds, we were asked t bring in pictures f urselves grwing up. As I lked 16 frm pht t pht, frm preschlers t ninth-graders, I began t lk at my classmates arund me.
First I lked at Rachel, and I 18 the first day f schl. I was a little five-year-ld. When my mther left me, I just didn't knw what t d but cry. Then I felt a hand n my shulder. I turned arund and saw Rachel.
"Why are yu crying?" she asked.
"My mmmy left me."
"Wuld yu like t play a puzzle game tgether?" She ffered.
That gt my 20 . I lved puzzle games. I started t play, and after a few minutes, I wasn't crying anymre.
I lked back at the pictures and my eyes 22 n a picture f Tny. Tny lives right next t me, and we have always been clse. I remember hw much fun I had playing "bys' games", all thanks t Tny making it pssible.
"Cme n, she's a girl—sheˈll make yu play Barbies r smething," ne f the bys n ur blck said t Tny.
I turned and started t walk away. I felt tears 24 up in my eyes when I heard Tny say, "N, I want t play with Sarah. We're ging t play basketball."
The millins f memries that I 26 frm thse years suddenly came back t me. High schl wuld be different. I culdn't imagine hw that wuld feel. I lked at the pictures nce mre and nticed hw, in every picture, each f us was at 28 pints f ur lives, but we were always smiling. We were all kay, even thrugh all the changes.
I was finally ready fr high schl.
13.A. drawingB. diaryC. pictureD. pster
14.A. plitelyB. clselyC. immediatelyD. angrily
15.A. discveredB. rememberedC. cmparedD. imagined
16.A. patienceB. adviceC. messageD. attentin
17.A. landedB. carriedC. darkenedD. pened
18.A. jumpB. mixC. wellD. mve
19.A. cllectedB. imprvedC. matchedD. cpied
20.A. strangeB. seriusC. hardD. different
三、阅读理解：本大题共9小题，共18分。
A
Greg's Diary
Sunday
Tnight, Mm called fr a "huse meeting". She tld us that she was ging back t schl t start taking classes. Well, it was ttally ut f my expectatin. She is always there when I get hme frm schl, and that's the way I like it.
But nw, we have t make ur wn dinners and start ding husewrk.
Wednesday
The first few nights with Mm away have been a disaster (灾难). We tried making ur dinner n Mnday. Manny made the iced tea, but it was undrinkable. Rdric cked the rast beef, but it was a mess. S, we bagged the hmemade meal idea and went ut t eat.
Tuesday
My task is taking ut the rubbish. Tnight, Dad asked me why I didn't d my jb this mrning. He said I needed t start being mre respnsible.
I've heard it frm Dad befre. Last summer, ur neighbr Ms. Grve, asked me t lk after her plants while she went n business. Well, I did it fr the first few days and then I gt busy with ther things. Ms. Grve was pretty mad because mst f the plants didn't make it. Then she sent me hme withut paying me.
Thursday
Well, Dad is really serius abut me taking n mre respnsibility. And first he wants me t start waking myself up in the mrning. That's actually a real prblem because I depend n him t wake me up.
Yesterday was the first day I tried t wake myself up, and it didn't wrk ut. My alarm clck (闹钟) went ff, but the sund just wrked its way int my dream. And tday didn't g any better.
The prblem is withut an actual human being waking me up, my brain is always ging t find sme excuse t keep sleeping. But I think I might have fund a slutin t this alarm clck situatin. I fund an ld-style alarm clck tday and it makes a lud nise when it ges ff. I tested it ut t see if it still wrked, and sure enugh, it did. I dn't think anyne culd sleep thrugh a nise like that.
21.When he heard his mm was ging back t schl, Greg felt _________.
A. prudB. surprisedC. excitedD. relaxed
22.Frm the diary, we can learn that Greg's dad expected him t ________.
A. build up self-cnfidenceB. becme mre respnsible
C. make friends with the neighbrsD. get alng with his brthers
B
Have yu ever wndered why yu are gd at nticing things in yur envirnment that are pssibly dangerus? Defensive circuits, ne f ur brain systems, detect (察觉) signs that might suggest threats (威胁) and prepare the bdy t take quick actin, therefre increasing ur chances f staying alive.
Our defensive circuits are always n the lkut fr things that might be threats.
They lk fr certain features f bjects (物体) that make thse bjects stand ut frm the ther things arund them. Objects with these features are given pririty in ur brains; that is, we pay attentin t them befre ther things. S, hw exactly des ur threat detectin wrk?
First, the presence f a feature that culd suggest a threat grabs, r catches, ur attentin very quickly — it is an autmatic (自动的) prcess. Threat detectin happens s quickly because the threat infrmatin des nt have t g all the way arund the crtex (大脑皮层). Yu can think f this as a shrtcut thrugh the brain, which gives us mre time t avid pssible threats.
Once we lk at smething that might be a threat, we ften find lking away t be very difficult — the threatening bject hlds ur attentin. This prcess is als autmatic, and its advantage is that it gives us mre time t cllect additinal details abut the pssible threat. Thse details are imprtant fr understanding whether we are facing a real threat and deciding hw t best deal with the situatin.
After we have recgnized the pssible threat, ur brains must ften make up fr the time we've spent examining it — we need t avid paying attentin t the threat, and then we can lk arund and prcess the rest f the envirnment. This can help us find additinal threats, r find a way ut.
Once we detect a threat, the defensive circuits prepare ur bdy t take actin. We make changes t ur emtins (fr example, feeling fear) and bdy functins (such as speeding up ur heartbeat). Tgether, these changes allw us t act prperly in threatening situatins, increasing the likelihd that we will get away withut being harmed.
There are differences between peple n hw easily the defensive system is activated. Sme f us are frightened mre easily than thers, and it takes less t activate the defensive circuits. This, hwever, can be prblematic. Overly sensitive defensive circuits might stp wrking as they shuld when verused.
23.What can we learn abut the defensive circuits?
A. They watch ut fr pssible danger.
B. They help us remember threat features.
C. They prmise us a happy and healthy life.
D. They easily stand ut frm ther brain systems.
24.What d ur brains d t make up fr the time spent examining pssible danger?
A. Create additinal details immediately.
B. Activate a shrtcut thrugh the crtex.
C. Push ur bdy t make lasting changes.
D. Redirect ur attentin t the rest f the envirnment.
25.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw des yur brain wrk in varius situatins?
B. What makes us different when it cmes t facing threats?
C. Why are we verly sensitive t certain threatening bjects?
D. What happens in yur brain when yu ntice smething frightening?
C
On a Saturday afternn, yur best friend calls yu and says he needs help mving. Yu gladly shw up t help. When yu are dne, he hands yu sme mney, saying "Thanks fr yur help." The situatin suddenly feels awkward (尴尬的).
Why desn't direct payment fit the situatin? Accrding t ecnmist Dan Ariely, we live in tw wrlds — ne gverned by scial nrms (规范), and the ther characterized by market nrms. Scial nrms are part f ur scial nature. They include the friendly requests (请求) that peple make f ne anther and immediate payback is nt required. In the secnd wrld, where market nrms make the rules, peple wrk fr mney and get what they pay fr. Market relatinships are nt necessarily bad r mean, but they d suggest cmparable benefits and immediate payments.
When we keep scial nrms and market nrms n their separate paths, things mve alng smthly. Mrever, when scial and market nrms run int each ther, the results are nt satisfying.
There was an experiment invlving daycare center fines. Sme parents wuld arrive late t pick up their children, s fines were intrduced. Hwever, this made mre parents late. Befre the fine was intrduced, parents were srry fr keeping the teachers waiting, and this made them feel cmpelled t arrive n time in the future. But the intrductin f the fine replaced this scial nrm with a market nrm. Parents felt they were paying t be allwed t chse whether they wanted t be late. Even after the center remved the fine, the parents didn't return t scial nrms and the number f late pick-ups didn't drp. The result shwed a fact: when a special nrm runs int a market nrm, the scial nrm ges away and seldm returns.
Hwever, des this necessarily mean market nrms always have a bigger effect than scial nrms? Ariely perfrmed an experiment by paying peple $5 (Grup 1) r $0.50 (Grup 2) fr dragging (拖动) circles acrss a cmputer screen fr five minutes. With payment, he expected them t use market nrms in that situatin and act accrdingly. And t Grup 3, he intrduced the task as a scial request, just asking them fr help. The results shwed that Grup 1 dragged n average 159 circles, and Grup 2 dragged abut 101 circles. But the nes wh were paid nthing dragged 168 circles. When peple were paid, mtivatin (动力) and prductivity rse as pay rse, but peple wrked even harder under scial nrms than fr mney, Why? Because peple lve t feel that they have helped thers.
Mney is the mst expensive way t mtivate peple. Scial nrms are nt nly cheaper, but ften mre effective as well. Mney will take yu nly s far — scial nrms are the frces that can make a difference in the lng run.
26.Which f the fllwing examples fits within scial nrms?
A. Paying a friend fr his vluntary help.
B. Fining a wrker because f his mistakes.
C. Offering a neighbr a free ride t the airprt.
D. Returning a prduct t get yur mney back.
27.The wrds "feel cmpelled t" in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean ________.
A. remain unwilling tB. think it necessary t
C. be afraid tD. find it easy t
28.What can we learn abut Dan Ariely's experiment in Paragraph 5?
A. Ariely expected peple t help each ther t cmplete the task.
B. The result suggested wh shuld receive the highest payment.
C. Peple in the experiment acted accrding t the same nrms.
D. The experiment shwed the effects f the tw nrms.
29.Accrding t the passage, the writer prbably agrees that _________.
A. scial nrms can play a great rle in sciety
B. market nrms aren't effective as they used t be
C. better perfrmance smetimes leads t lwer pay
D. peple shuld replace market nrms with scial nrms
四、任务型阅读-简答：本大题共1小题，共10分。
30.The summer f 2023 saw recrd-breaking heatwaves acrss many parts f the wrld. As temperatures cntinue t rise, the effect f carbn emissins (碳排放) n the envirnment has becme a big prblem. Studies shw the travel industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins, with air travel alne causing abut 2. 8% f them.
T address this prblem, Intrepid—a travel cmpany, has suggested a "carbn passprt" in its recent reprt. The idea behind it is that each traveler wuld have a yearly carbn limit, and nbdy can g ver that limit. Using carbn passprts means travelers will have t take fewer flights t lwer their "carbn ftprint" — the CO2 emissins frm their actins. At present, the carbn ftprint f each persn is abut fur tns yearly n average (平均). T limit temperature rise t acceptable levels by 2050, ur gal shuld be belw tw tns.
In line with this gal, sme Eurpean cuntries are taking steps t reduce air travel. In France, lcal flights are canceled if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less. In Belgium, additinal charges (收费) are added t shrt-distance flights t encurage ther frms f travel.
Intrepid cnsiders the idea f a "carbn passprt" effective with mre peple invlved in. Travelers will receive infrmatin abut their carbn ftprints and change their travel habits. And businesses will be pushed t use mre green practices. Alex Hawkins, ne f the writers f the reprt, says, "These passprts will make us think mre abut hw ur trips influence the envirnment."
When it cmes t mnitring everyne's carbn emissin, Anna Abelsn, a prfessr f the New Yrk University thinks it wuld be a challenge in terms f lgistics (统计). Even if we wrk that ut, there are still sme wrries. Fr example, peple might nt be able t take jbs far away r visit family in ther cities as ften. Sme even wrry abut privacy and persnal freedm if we start mnitring and limiting peple's air travel.
"Getting everyne n bard with carbn passprts wnˈt be easy." Hawkins added, "It wuld need supprt frm lts f different peple and grups all ver the wrld." Hwever, even with the challenges, the idea f carbn passprts shws the need fr us t take actin tgether t fight climate change and make travel ec-friendlier.
(1) Which industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f the wrld's carbn emissins?
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) What is the idea behind a "carbn passprt"?
__________________________________________________________________________________
(3) Hw des France reduce air travel?
__________________________________________________________________________________
(4) What d yu think f the idea f a "carbn passprt"? Why d yu think s? (Please give tw reasns. )
__________________________________________________________________________________
五、信息匹配：本大题共3小题，共6分。
31.A. AB. BC. CD. D
32.A. AB. BC. CD. D
33.A. AB. BC. CD. D
六、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共10分。
34.假设你是李华。你校交换生将与你们共同参加学校的外出活动。作为学生会主席，你将给他们做行前动员。请用英文写一篇讲话稿，告知他们外出的时间、地点和活动内容，以及相关的安全建议。
提示词语：park, climb, careful, avid
提示问题：●When and where will yu take the field trip?
●What activities are yu ging t d during the trip?
●What safety advice wuld yu like t give them?
35.初中三年，一定有很多课给你留下了深刻的印象。假设你是李华。你校英文公众号正在开展以“My Mst Memrable Class”为主题的征文活动，请用英文写一篇文章投稿，介绍你最难忘的一节课，并谈谈这节课为什么令你难忘。
提示词语：science, music, experiment, sing, interesting
提示问题：●What was yur mst memrable class?
●Why was the class memrable?
My Mst Memrable Class
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】句意：我姐姐喜欢画画，她将来想成为一名艺术家。she她；he他；it它；they他/她/它们。此处指代“我姐姐”，用代词she。故选A。
2.【答案】C
【解析】句意：我喜欢在公园边锻炼边听音乐。n在……上；under在……下；in在……里；t到。根据“the park”可知是在公园里，应用介词in。故选C。
3.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——琳达，你还想再来点披萨吗？ ——不用了，谢谢。披萨很好吃，但我已经饱了。if如果；but但是；because因为；r或者。分析题干，前后句为转折的意思，应用转折连词but，故选B。
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——汤姆，你能看到街对面的牌子吗？——不，我看不到。Must必须；Can能；May也许；Might可能。根据答语“N, I can't.”可知，询问能力，故选B。
5.【答案】D
【解析】句意：老舍是二十世纪中国最伟大的作家之一。根据题干，可知考查ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示最……之一。故选：D。
6.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你为什么迟到？——因为我错过了早班火车。When什么时候，询问时间；What什么，询问具体信息；Why为什么，询问原因；Where在哪里，询问地点。根据回答“Because I missed the early train.”可知，询问原因，用Why。故选C。
7.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——玛丽在哪儿? ——她现在正在帮助老师们制作海报。根据时间状语“right nw”可知，事情正在发生，用现在进行时，其结构为：主语+be(am/is/are)+v-ing形式+其它。主语是第三人称She，系动词用is。故选A。
8.【答案】A
【解析】句意：从上周一开始，学生们为演出做了大量的练习。根据“since last Mnday”可知，此处应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为“The students”，助动词用have，故选A。
9.【答案】D
【解析】句意：昨晚我朋友打来电话时，我正在为五一假期做计划。根据“When my friend called last night”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词现在分词。故选D。
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我在学校的足球队，我们经常在周六有一场比赛。根据“usually”可知，此句是一般现在时，表示经常发生的动作，且主语“we”是复数，所以用动词原形have。故选B。
11.【答案】D
【解析】句意：社区图书馆建于2023年。主语“The cmmunity library”与动词build之间是动宾关系，结合“in 2023”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词过去分词。故选D。
12.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你知道我们什么时候举行学校音乐会吗？——下周二下午。我们很期待。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，可排除B项和D项；根据答语“Next Tuesday afternn.”可知，此处询问时间。故选C。
13~20.【答案】C、B、B、D、A、C、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】文章主要讲述了作者和同学们回忆童年、即将毕业时的情景。作者通过展示自己和同学的成长照片，回忆起与瑞秋、托尼等同学之间的温馨往事和深厚情谊，尽管即将面临高中生活的变化，但大家都能以微笑面对，作者也做好了迎接高中生活的准备。
1.
句意：“我们是世界上最可爱的宝宝！”当我把我骑马的照片贴在教室墙上时，我笑着对瑞秋说。drawing画；diary日记；picture图片；pster海报。根据下文"I knw, lk at this ne!" Rachel pinted t the picture f us at age five.（“我知道，看这张！”瑞秋指着我们五岁时的照片。）可知，此处指把照片挂在墙上。故选C。
2.
句意：当我从一张照片仔细地看向另一张照片，从学龄前儿童到九年级学生时，我开始看向我周围的同学。plitely礼貌地；clsely仔细地；immediately立刻；angrily生气地。根据frm pht t pht, frm preschlers t ninth-graders（从一张照片到另一张照片，从学龄前儿童到九年级学生）可知，此处指仔细观察照片。故选B。
3.
句意：首先我看着瑞秋，我想起了上学的第一天。discvered发现；remembered记得；cmpared比较；imagined想象。根据the first day f schl（上学的第一天）可知，此处指想起了上学的第一天。故选B。
4.
句意：这引起了我的注意。patience耐心；advice建议；message信息；attentin注意。根据下文I lved puzzle games. I started t play, and after a few minutes, I wasn't crying anymre.（我喜欢拼图游戏。我开始玩，几分钟后，我不再哭了。）可知，此处指益智游戏引起了自己的注意，因为自己喜欢益智游戏。故选D。
5.
句意：我回头看了看照片，眼睛落在托尼的照片上。landed落下；carried携带；darkened变暗；pened打开。根据I lked back at the pictures（我回头看了看照片）和n a picture f Tny（在托尼的照片上）可知，此处指眼神落在了托尼的照片上。故选A。
6.
句意：当我听到托尼说“不，我想和莎拉一起玩。我们要去打篮球。”时，我感到眼泪在我的眼睛里打转。jump跳；mix混合；well流出；mve移动。根据I felt tears（我感到眼泪）可知，此处指眼泪流出来。故选C。
7.
句意：我从那些年里收集的数以百万计的记忆突然回到了我的脑海中。cllected收集；imprved提高；matched匹配；cpied复制。根据句意可知，此处指那些年收集的这些回忆。故选A。
8.
句意：我又看了看照片，我注意到在每一张照片中，我们每个人都在生活的不同阶段，但我们始终都在微笑。strange奇怪的；serius严肃的；hard难的；different不同的。根据句意可知，此处指处于不同的阶段。故选D。
21~22.【答案】B、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，为四篇日记。日记主要记录了格雷格的日常生活情况。
1.
根据第一篇日记中She tld us that she was ging back t schl t start taking classes. Well, it was ttally ut f my expectatin.（她告诉我们她要回学校开始上课。嗯，这完全出乎我的意料。）可知，格雷格对妈妈要回学校上课这件事感到出乎意料。故选B。
2.
根据第三篇日记中Tnight, Dad asked me why I didn't d my jb this mrning. He said I needed t start being mre respnsible.（今晚，爸爸问我为什么今天早上没有做我的工作。他说我需要开始更有责任心。）和第四篇日记中Well, Dad is really serius abut me taking n mre respnsibility.（嗯，爸爸对我变得更有责任感这件事情真的很重视。）可知，爸爸想让格雷格承担更多的责任，变得更有责任感。故选B。
23~25.【答案】A、D、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了防御回路的作用，包括察觉可能的威胁、引起我们的注意、让我们难以转移视线、收集更多细节、做好行动准备等，同时还提到了人与人之间防御系统激活的难易程度存在差异，以及过度敏感的防御回路可能出现的问题。
1.
根据第二段Our defensive circuits are always n the lkut fr things that might be threats.（我们的防御回路总是在搜寻可能构成威胁的事物。）可推测此处是指它们警惕可能发生的危险。故选A。
2.
根据After we have recgnized the pssible threat, ur brains must ften make up fr the time we've spent examining it—we need t avid paying attentin t the threat, and then we can lk arund and prcess the rest f the envirnment.（在我们识别出可能的威胁之后，我们的大脑通常必须弥补我们在观察它上面所花费的时间——我们需要避免关注威胁，然后我们可以环顾四周，处理环境的其余部分。）可知，此处是指把我们的注意力转移到环境的其他部分。故选D。
3.
通读全文，主要讲述了我们的大脑如何在面临威胁时作出反应，以及这种反应机制的优点和可能存在的问题，选项D“当你注意到可怕的事情时，你的大脑会发生什么”符合题意。故选D。
26~29.【答案】C、B、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】文章探讨了社会规范和市场规范对人们行为的影响。文章通过举例和实验，说明了直接付钱在某些情况下不适合，社会规范和市场规范相互冲突会产生不良结果，同时指出虽然金钱能起到一定激励作用，但社会规范不仅更便宜且更有效，是长期起作用的力量。
1.
根据第二段Scial nrms are part f ur scial nature. They include the friendly requests (请求) that peple make f ne anther and immediate payback is nt required.（社会规范是我们社会本性的一部分。它们包括人们相互之间的友好请求，并不要求即时回报。）可知，社会规范是我们社会本性的一部分。它们包括人们相互之间的友好请求，并不要求即时回报。因此C选项“让邻居搭便车去机场”符合社会规范。故选C。
2.
根据Befre the fine was intrduced, parents were srry fr keeping the teachers waiting, and this made them feel cmpelled t arrive n time in the future.（在罚款引入之前，家长们对让老师等待感到抱歉，这使他们感到有必要在未来准时到达。）可知，此处划线单词表示“认为有必要”。故选B。
3.
根据The results shwed that Grup 1 dragged n average 159 circles, and Grup 2 dragged abut 101 circles. But the nes wh were paid nthing dragged 168 circles. When peple were paid, mtivatin (动力) and prductivity rse as pay rse, but peple wrked even harder under scial nrms than fr mney, Why? Because peple lve t feel that they have helped thers.（结果显示，第一组平均拖动了159个圆圈，第二组大约拖动了101个圆圈。但那些没有得到报酬的人拖动了168个圆圈。当人们得到报酬时，动力和生产力随着报酬的增加而提高，但人们在社会规范下比为了钱工作得更努力。为什么呢？因为人们喜欢觉得自己帮助了别人。）可知，当人们得到报酬时，动力和生产力随着报酬的增加而增加，但人们在社会规范下比为钱更努力工作，由此可知这项实验表明了这两种规范的影响。故选D。
4.
根据Scial nrms are nt nly cheaper, but ften mre effective as well. Mney will take yu nly s far—scial nrms are the frces that can make a difference in the lng run.（社会规范不仅成本更低，而且往往也更有效。金钱只能带你走这么远——社会规范才是从长远来看能产生影响的力量。）可知，社会规范不仅成本更低，而且往往更有效，因此作者可能同意社会规范可以在社会中发挥很大的作用。故选A。
30.【答案】【小题1】
The travel industry (is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins).
【小题2】
The idea behind it is that each traveller wuld have a yearly carbn limit and nbdy can g ver that limit.
【小题3】
By cancelling lcal flights if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less in France.
【小题4】
I think the idea f a "carbn passprt" is gd. Because it can help t reduce the carbn emissins and raise ur spirit f prtecting ur Earth. (开放题，合理即可。)
【解析】1.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍为了减少碳排放，一个旅游公司建议使用“碳护照”，很多国家也纷纷采取行动去减少航空旅行。
根据第一段As temperatures cntinue t rise, the effect f carbn emissins (碳排放) n the envirnment has becme a big prblem. Studies shw the travel industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins, with air travel alne causing abut 2.8% f them.（随着气温持续升高，碳排放对环境的影响已成为一个重大问题。研究表明，旅游业约占这些排放的10%，仅航空旅行就约占其中的2.8%。）可知，旅游业会导致10%的碳排放。故填The travel industry (is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins).。
2.
根据第二段The idea behind it is that each traveler wuld have a yearly carbn limit, and nbdy can g ver that limit.（其背后的理念是，每个旅行者每年都有一个碳限额，没有人可以超过这个限额。）可知，其背后的理念是，每个旅行者每年都有一个碳限额，没有人可以超过这个限额。故填The idea behind it is that each traveller wuld have a yearly carbn limit and nbdy can g ver that limit.。
3.
根据第三段In France, lcal flights are canceled if the same trips can be made by train in 2. 5 hurs r less.（在法国，如果可以在2.5小时或更短时间内通过火车完成相同的行程，当地航班就会被取消。）可知，在法国，如果乘坐火车可以在2.5小时或更少时间内完成相同的行程，则取消当地航班。故填By cancelling lcal flights if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less in France.。
4.
开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据全文内容可知，“碳护照”的主意是好的，因为它可以帮助减少碳排放，提升我们保护地球的意识。故填I think the idea f a "carbn passprt" is gd. Because it can help t reduce the carbn emissins and raise ur spirit f prtecting ur Earth.
31~33.【答案】A、C、D
【解析】1.
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了志愿者活动。
根据Mike: I'd like t help students wh are having truble with English and math.可知，迈克想帮助英语和数学学习有困难的学生；选项A中Yu can teach English and math t students wh need help.（你可以给需要帮助的学生教授英语和数学。）与之相匹配，故选A。
2.
根据Alice: I'm interested in healthcare and willing t help ut in cmmunity hspitals.可知，爱丽丝对医疗健康非常感兴趣，想在社区医院志愿服务；选项C中If yu are interested in the medical field and healthcare, this prject may interest yu.（如果你对医疗领域和医疗保健感兴趣，这个项目可能会让你感兴趣。）与之相匹配，故选C。
3.
根据Jane: I like cats and dgs and hpe t d smething fr street animals.可知，简喜欢动物，想帮助流浪动物；选项D中Please spend ne r tw hurs every week wrking with us t help street animals, r wrk at an animal shelter t supprt animal rights.（请每周花一到两个小时与我们一起帮助街头动物，或者在动物收容所工作，支持动物权利。）与之相匹配，故选D。
34.【答案】 Hell, everyne. I'm glad t tell yu that we are ging t take a field trip. We are ging t Yanxi Lake next Friday. We will first get tgether at the schl gate at 8 am, and g there tgether by bus.
①When we arrive at the lake, we will be divided int several grups. Then we will walk alng it and enjy the natural and histrical sights. After that, we can rest beside the lake and have a picnic.
By the way, I als have sme safety tips fr yu. ②First, please stay with yur grup members s that yu wn't get lst. Furthermre, dn't run beside the lake. That's dangerus!
Hpe we will have a gd time.
【解析】【思路点拨】
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇提示作文，要求围绕行前动员的各个方面写一篇讲话稿，介绍外出的时间、地点和活动内容，以及相关的安全建议。人称综合运用，时态主要是一般将来时和一般现在时。写作时注意要点齐全，逻辑清晰，适当使用连接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①be divided int被分成
②by the way顺便说一下
③get lst迷路
【高分句型】
①When we arrive at the lake, we will be divided int several grups. (when引导时间状语从句)
②First, please stay with yur grup members s that yu wn't get lst. (s that引导目的状语从句)
【结构布局】
引言：介绍外出活动的时间及地点
中心：介绍在旅行中将进行的活动
结尾：给出旅行中相关的安全建议
35.【答案】My Mst Memrable Class
We have had thusands f lessns in middle schl. Sme f them have left a deep impressin n me. Amng them, the mst memrable ne is a physics class I had last term.
In the class, ur physics teacher Mr. Liu brught sme materials and asked us t use them t d an experiment. I was cnfident that I culd d a gd jb, because I had wrked ut all f the experiment hmewrk prblems. I ffered t perfrm the experiment in frnt f the whle class. ①Hwever, I just culdn't put what I had learnt int practice n matter hw hard I tried. As yu can imagine, I was s embarrassed!
②The physics class was really memrable because I learned an imprtant life lessn frm its real knwledge cmes frm practice. I als learned t be mdest and prudent, which will psitively influence my future life.
【解析】【思路点拨】
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇命题作文，主题为My Mst Memrable Class（我最难忘的一节课），介绍最难忘的一节课，并谈谈这节课难忘的原因。人称综合运用，时态主要是一般过去时。写作时注意要点齐全，逻辑清晰，适当使用连接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①leave a deep impressin留下深刻印象
②ffer t d sth.主动提出做某事
③put ... int practice把……付诸实践
【高分句型】
①Hwever, I just culdn't put what I had learnt int practice n matter hw hard I tried. (what引导宾语从句)
②The physics class was really memrable because I learned an imprtant life lessn frm its real knwledge cmes frm practice. (because引导原因状语从句)
【结构布局】
引言：介绍自己最难忘的课
中心：阐述难忘的原因
结尾：总结说明从难忘的课程中学到了什么
A
D yu enjy teaching? D yu like spending time with middle schl students? Vlunteer teaching is a perfect chice fr yu if yu d. Teachers in the cmmunity are needed. Yu can teach English and math t students wh need help.
B
D yu have experience taking care f the elderly? Wrking t help the elderly isn't fr everyne. If yu have wrked in this field, cme and jin us The activities in this prject include helping the elderly in nursing hmes.
C
If yu are interested in the medical field and healthcare, this prject may interest yu. It includes activities like vlunteering in cmmunity hspitals, and giving a helping hand t the sick and their families while they are seeing dctrs.
D
D yu like taking care f animals? If yu d, yu can vlunteer yur time with them. Please spend ne r tw hurs every week wrking with us t help street animals, r wrk at an animal shelter t supprt animal rights.
Hell, everyne. I'm glad t tell yu that we are ging t take a field trip.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hpe we can have a gd time.
1.My sister likes drawing and ________ wants t be an artist in the future.
A. sheB. heC. itD. they
2.I like listening t music while exercising _______ the park.
A. nB. underC. inD. t
3.—Wuld yu like mre pizza, Linda?—N, thanks. The pizza is delicius ________ I'm full.
A. ifB. butC. becauseD. r
4.—_______ yu read the sign acrss the street, Tm?—N, I can't.
A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Might
5.La She is ne f Chinese writers f the twentieth century.
A. greatB. greaterC. greatestD. the greatest
6.—_________ are yu late? —Because I missed the early train.
A. WhenB. WhatC. WhyD. Where
7.—Where is Mary?—She ________ the teachers with the pster right nw.
A. is helpingB. helpedC. was helpingD. will help
8.The students ________ a lt fr the shw since last Mnday.
A. have practicedB. practiceC. were practicingD. practiced
9.When my friend called last night, I ________ plans fr the May Day hliday.
A. am makingB. have madeC. makeD. was making
10.I'm n the schl ftball team, and usually we ________ a match n Saturday.
A. hadB. haveC. are havingD. have had
11.The cmmunity library ________ in 2023.
A. buildsB. is builtC. builtD. was built
12.—D yu knw ________? —Next Tuesday afternn. We are lking frward t it.
A. where we will have the schl cncert
B. where will we have the schl cncert
C. when we will have the schl cncert
D. when will we have the schl cncert
二、完形填空：本大题共8小题，共8分。
"We were the cutest babies in the wrld!" I smiled and said t Rachel as I put up a 14 f me riding a hrse n the wall f the classrm.
"I knw, lk at this ne!" Rachel pinted t the picture f us at age five. We bth laughed and shk ur heads. We culdn't believe that we wuld be graduating (毕业) in a week.
As a way f celebrating ur childhds, we were asked t bring in pictures f urselves grwing up. As I lked 16 frm pht t pht, frm preschlers t ninth-graders, I began t lk at my classmates arund me.
First I lked at Rachel, and I 18 the first day f schl. I was a little five-year-ld. When my mther left me, I just didn't knw what t d but cry. Then I felt a hand n my shulder. I turned arund and saw Rachel.
"Why are yu crying?" she asked.
"My mmmy left me."
"Wuld yu like t play a puzzle game tgether?" She ffered.
That gt my 20 . I lved puzzle games. I started t play, and after a few minutes, I wasn't crying anymre.
I lked back at the pictures and my eyes 22 n a picture f Tny. Tny lives right next t me, and we have always been clse. I remember hw much fun I had playing "bys' games", all thanks t Tny making it pssible.
"Cme n, she's a girl—sheˈll make yu play Barbies r smething," ne f the bys n ur blck said t Tny.
I turned and started t walk away. I felt tears 24 up in my eyes when I heard Tny say, "N, I want t play with Sarah. We're ging t play basketball."
The millins f memries that I 26 frm thse years suddenly came back t me. High schl wuld be different. I culdn't imagine hw that wuld feel. I lked at the pictures nce mre and nticed hw, in every picture, each f us was at 28 pints f ur lives, but we were always smiling. We were all kay, even thrugh all the changes.
I was finally ready fr high schl.
13.A. drawingB. diaryC. pictureD. pster
14.A. plitelyB. clselyC. immediatelyD. angrily
15.A. discveredB. rememberedC. cmparedD. imagined
16.A. patienceB. adviceC. messageD. attentin
17.A. landedB. carriedC. darkenedD. pened
18.A. jumpB. mixC. wellD. mve
19.A. cllectedB. imprvedC. matchedD. cpied
20.A. strangeB. seriusC. hardD. different
三、阅读理解：本大题共9小题，共18分。
A
Greg's Diary
Sunday
Tnight, Mm called fr a "huse meeting". She tld us that she was ging back t schl t start taking classes. Well, it was ttally ut f my expectatin. She is always there when I get hme frm schl, and that's the way I like it.
But nw, we have t make ur wn dinners and start ding husewrk.
Wednesday
The first few nights with Mm away have been a disaster (灾难). We tried making ur dinner n Mnday. Manny made the iced tea, but it was undrinkable. Rdric cked the rast beef, but it was a mess. S, we bagged the hmemade meal idea and went ut t eat.
Tuesday
My task is taking ut the rubbish. Tnight, Dad asked me why I didn't d my jb this mrning. He said I needed t start being mre respnsible.
I've heard it frm Dad befre. Last summer, ur neighbr Ms. Grve, asked me t lk after her plants while she went n business. Well, I did it fr the first few days and then I gt busy with ther things. Ms. Grve was pretty mad because mst f the plants didn't make it. Then she sent me hme withut paying me.
Thursday
Well, Dad is really serius abut me taking n mre respnsibility. And first he wants me t start waking myself up in the mrning. That's actually a real prblem because I depend n him t wake me up.
Yesterday was the first day I tried t wake myself up, and it didn't wrk ut. My alarm clck (闹钟) went ff, but the sund just wrked its way int my dream. And tday didn't g any better.
The prblem is withut an actual human being waking me up, my brain is always ging t find sme excuse t keep sleeping. But I think I might have fund a slutin t this alarm clck situatin. I fund an ld-style alarm clck tday and it makes a lud nise when it ges ff. I tested it ut t see if it still wrked, and sure enugh, it did. I dn't think anyne culd sleep thrugh a nise like that.
21.When he heard his mm was ging back t schl, Greg felt _________.
A. prudB. surprisedC. excitedD. relaxed
22.Frm the diary, we can learn that Greg's dad expected him t ________.
A. build up self-cnfidenceB. becme mre respnsible
C. make friends with the neighbrsD. get alng with his brthers
B
Have yu ever wndered why yu are gd at nticing things in yur envirnment that are pssibly dangerus? Defensive circuits, ne f ur brain systems, detect (察觉) signs that might suggest threats (威胁) and prepare the bdy t take quick actin, therefre increasing ur chances f staying alive.
Our defensive circuits are always n the lkut fr things that might be threats.
They lk fr certain features f bjects (物体) that make thse bjects stand ut frm the ther things arund them. Objects with these features are given pririty in ur brains; that is, we pay attentin t them befre ther things. S, hw exactly des ur threat detectin wrk?
First, the presence f a feature that culd suggest a threat grabs, r catches, ur attentin very quickly — it is an autmatic (自动的) prcess. Threat detectin happens s quickly because the threat infrmatin des nt have t g all the way arund the crtex (大脑皮层). Yu can think f this as a shrtcut thrugh the brain, which gives us mre time t avid pssible threats.
Once we lk at smething that might be a threat, we ften find lking away t be very difficult — the threatening bject hlds ur attentin. This prcess is als autmatic, and its advantage is that it gives us mre time t cllect additinal details abut the pssible threat. Thse details are imprtant fr understanding whether we are facing a real threat and deciding hw t best deal with the situatin.
After we have recgnized the pssible threat, ur brains must ften make up fr the time we've spent examining it — we need t avid paying attentin t the threat, and then we can lk arund and prcess the rest f the envirnment. This can help us find additinal threats, r find a way ut.
Once we detect a threat, the defensive circuits prepare ur bdy t take actin. We make changes t ur emtins (fr example, feeling fear) and bdy functins (such as speeding up ur heartbeat). Tgether, these changes allw us t act prperly in threatening situatins, increasing the likelihd that we will get away withut being harmed.
There are differences between peple n hw easily the defensive system is activated. Sme f us are frightened mre easily than thers, and it takes less t activate the defensive circuits. This, hwever, can be prblematic. Overly sensitive defensive circuits might stp wrking as they shuld when verused.
23.What can we learn abut the defensive circuits?
A. They watch ut fr pssible danger.
B. They help us remember threat features.
C. They prmise us a happy and healthy life.
D. They easily stand ut frm ther brain systems.
24.What d ur brains d t make up fr the time spent examining pssible danger?
A. Create additinal details immediately.
B. Activate a shrtcut thrugh the crtex.
C. Push ur bdy t make lasting changes.
D. Redirect ur attentin t the rest f the envirnment.
25.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw des yur brain wrk in varius situatins?
B. What makes us different when it cmes t facing threats?
C. Why are we verly sensitive t certain threatening bjects?
D. What happens in yur brain when yu ntice smething frightening?
C
On a Saturday afternn, yur best friend calls yu and says he needs help mving. Yu gladly shw up t help. When yu are dne, he hands yu sme mney, saying "Thanks fr yur help." The situatin suddenly feels awkward (尴尬的).
Why desn't direct payment fit the situatin? Accrding t ecnmist Dan Ariely, we live in tw wrlds — ne gverned by scial nrms (规范), and the ther characterized by market nrms. Scial nrms are part f ur scial nature. They include the friendly requests (请求) that peple make f ne anther and immediate payback is nt required. In the secnd wrld, where market nrms make the rules, peple wrk fr mney and get what they pay fr. Market relatinships are nt necessarily bad r mean, but they d suggest cmparable benefits and immediate payments.
When we keep scial nrms and market nrms n their separate paths, things mve alng smthly. Mrever, when scial and market nrms run int each ther, the results are nt satisfying.
There was an experiment invlving daycare center fines. Sme parents wuld arrive late t pick up their children, s fines were intrduced. Hwever, this made mre parents late. Befre the fine was intrduced, parents were srry fr keeping the teachers waiting, and this made them feel cmpelled t arrive n time in the future. But the intrductin f the fine replaced this scial nrm with a market nrm. Parents felt they were paying t be allwed t chse whether they wanted t be late. Even after the center remved the fine, the parents didn't return t scial nrms and the number f late pick-ups didn't drp. The result shwed a fact: when a special nrm runs int a market nrm, the scial nrm ges away and seldm returns.
Hwever, des this necessarily mean market nrms always have a bigger effect than scial nrms? Ariely perfrmed an experiment by paying peple $5 (Grup 1) r $0.50 (Grup 2) fr dragging (拖动) circles acrss a cmputer screen fr five minutes. With payment, he expected them t use market nrms in that situatin and act accrdingly. And t Grup 3, he intrduced the task as a scial request, just asking them fr help. The results shwed that Grup 1 dragged n average 159 circles, and Grup 2 dragged abut 101 circles. But the nes wh were paid nthing dragged 168 circles. When peple were paid, mtivatin (动力) and prductivity rse as pay rse, but peple wrked even harder under scial nrms than fr mney, Why? Because peple lve t feel that they have helped thers.
Mney is the mst expensive way t mtivate peple. Scial nrms are nt nly cheaper, but ften mre effective as well. Mney will take yu nly s far — scial nrms are the frces that can make a difference in the lng run.
26.Which f the fllwing examples fits within scial nrms?
A. Paying a friend fr his vluntary help.
B. Fining a wrker because f his mistakes.
C. Offering a neighbr a free ride t the airprt.
D. Returning a prduct t get yur mney back.
27.The wrds "feel cmpelled t" in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean ________.
A. remain unwilling tB. think it necessary t
C. be afraid tD. find it easy t
28.What can we learn abut Dan Ariely's experiment in Paragraph 5?
A. Ariely expected peple t help each ther t cmplete the task.
B. The result suggested wh shuld receive the highest payment.
C. Peple in the experiment acted accrding t the same nrms.
D. The experiment shwed the effects f the tw nrms.
29.Accrding t the passage, the writer prbably agrees that _________.
A. scial nrms can play a great rle in sciety
B. market nrms aren't effective as they used t be
C. better perfrmance smetimes leads t lwer pay
D. peple shuld replace market nrms with scial nrms
四、任务型阅读-简答：本大题共1小题，共10分。
30.The summer f 2023 saw recrd-breaking heatwaves acrss many parts f the wrld. As temperatures cntinue t rise, the effect f carbn emissins (碳排放) n the envirnment has becme a big prblem. Studies shw the travel industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins, with air travel alne causing abut 2. 8% f them.
T address this prblem, Intrepid—a travel cmpany, has suggested a "carbn passprt" in its recent reprt. The idea behind it is that each traveler wuld have a yearly carbn limit, and nbdy can g ver that limit. Using carbn passprts means travelers will have t take fewer flights t lwer their "carbn ftprint" — the CO2 emissins frm their actins. At present, the carbn ftprint f each persn is abut fur tns yearly n average (平均). T limit temperature rise t acceptable levels by 2050, ur gal shuld be belw tw tns.
In line with this gal, sme Eurpean cuntries are taking steps t reduce air travel. In France, lcal flights are canceled if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less. In Belgium, additinal charges (收费) are added t shrt-distance flights t encurage ther frms f travel.
Intrepid cnsiders the idea f a "carbn passprt" effective with mre peple invlved in. Travelers will receive infrmatin abut their carbn ftprints and change their travel habits. And businesses will be pushed t use mre green practices. Alex Hawkins, ne f the writers f the reprt, says, "These passprts will make us think mre abut hw ur trips influence the envirnment."
When it cmes t mnitring everyne's carbn emissin, Anna Abelsn, a prfessr f the New Yrk University thinks it wuld be a challenge in terms f lgistics (统计). Even if we wrk that ut, there are still sme wrries. Fr example, peple might nt be able t take jbs far away r visit family in ther cities as ften. Sme even wrry abut privacy and persnal freedm if we start mnitring and limiting peple's air travel.
"Getting everyne n bard with carbn passprts wnˈt be easy." Hawkins added, "It wuld need supprt frm lts f different peple and grups all ver the wrld." Hwever, even with the challenges, the idea f carbn passprts shws the need fr us t take actin tgether t fight climate change and make travel ec-friendlier.
(1) Which industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f the wrld's carbn emissins?
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) What is the idea behind a "carbn passprt"?
__________________________________________________________________________________
(3) Hw des France reduce air travel?
__________________________________________________________________________________
(4) What d yu think f the idea f a "carbn passprt"? Why d yu think s? (Please give tw reasns. )
__________________________________________________________________________________
五、信息匹配：本大题共3小题，共6分。
31.A. AB. BC. CD. D
32.A. AB. BC. CD. D
33.A. AB. BC. CD. D
六、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共10分。
34.假设你是李华。你校交换生将与你们共同参加学校的外出活动。作为学生会主席，你将给他们做行前动员。请用英文写一篇讲话稿，告知他们外出的时间、地点和活动内容，以及相关的安全建议。
提示词语：park, climb, careful, avid
提示问题：●When and where will yu take the field trip?
●What activities are yu ging t d during the trip?
●What safety advice wuld yu like t give them?
35.初中三年，一定有很多课给你留下了深刻的印象。假设你是李华。你校英文公众号正在开展以“My Mst Memrable Class”为主题的征文活动，请用英文写一篇文章投稿，介绍你最难忘的一节课，并谈谈这节课为什么令你难忘。
提示词语：science, music, experiment, sing, interesting
提示问题：●What was yur mst memrable class?
●Why was the class memrable?
My Mst Memrable Class
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案和解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】句意：我姐姐喜欢画画，她将来想成为一名艺术家。she她；he他；it它；they他/她/它们。此处指代“我姐姐”，用代词she。故选A。
2.【答案】C
【解析】句意：我喜欢在公园边锻炼边听音乐。n在……上；under在……下；in在……里；t到。根据“the park”可知是在公园里，应用介词in。故选C。
3.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——琳达，你还想再来点披萨吗？ ——不用了，谢谢。披萨很好吃，但我已经饱了。if如果；but但是；because因为；r或者。分析题干，前后句为转折的意思，应用转折连词but，故选B。
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——汤姆，你能看到街对面的牌子吗？——不，我看不到。Must必须；Can能；May也许；Might可能。根据答语“N, I can't.”可知，询问能力，故选B。
5.【答案】D
【解析】句意：老舍是二十世纪中国最伟大的作家之一。根据题干，可知考查ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示最……之一。故选：D。
6.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你为什么迟到？——因为我错过了早班火车。When什么时候，询问时间；What什么，询问具体信息；Why为什么，询问原因；Where在哪里，询问地点。根据回答“Because I missed the early train.”可知，询问原因，用Why。故选C。
7.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——玛丽在哪儿? ——她现在正在帮助老师们制作海报。根据时间状语“right nw”可知，事情正在发生，用现在进行时，其结构为：主语+be(am/is/are)+v-ing形式+其它。主语是第三人称She，系动词用is。故选A。
8.【答案】A
【解析】句意：从上周一开始，学生们为演出做了大量的练习。根据“since last Mnday”可知，此处应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为“The students”，助动词用have，故选A。
9.【答案】D
【解析】句意：昨晚我朋友打来电话时，我正在为五一假期做计划。根据“When my friend called last night”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词现在分词。故选D。
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我在学校的足球队，我们经常在周六有一场比赛。根据“usually”可知，此句是一般现在时，表示经常发生的动作，且主语“we”是复数，所以用动词原形have。故选B。
11.【答案】D
【解析】句意：社区图书馆建于2023年。主语“The cmmunity library”与动词build之间是动宾关系，结合“in 2023”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词过去分词。故选D。
12.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你知道我们什么时候举行学校音乐会吗？——下周二下午。我们很期待。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，可排除B项和D项；根据答语“Next Tuesday afternn.”可知，此处询问时间。故选C。
13~20.【答案】C、B、B、D、A、C、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】文章主要讲述了作者和同学们回忆童年、即将毕业时的情景。作者通过展示自己和同学的成长照片，回忆起与瑞秋、托尼等同学之间的温馨往事和深厚情谊，尽管即将面临高中生活的变化，但大家都能以微笑面对，作者也做好了迎接高中生活的准备。
1.
句意：“我们是世界上最可爱的宝宝！”当我把我骑马的照片贴在教室墙上时，我笑着对瑞秋说。drawing画；diary日记；picture图片；pster海报。根据下文"I knw, lk at this ne!" Rachel pinted t the picture f us at age five.（“我知道，看这张！”瑞秋指着我们五岁时的照片。）可知，此处指把照片挂在墙上。故选C。
2.
句意：当我从一张照片仔细地看向另一张照片，从学龄前儿童到九年级学生时，我开始看向我周围的同学。plitely礼貌地；clsely仔细地；immediately立刻；angrily生气地。根据frm pht t pht, frm preschlers t ninth-graders（从一张照片到另一张照片，从学龄前儿童到九年级学生）可知，此处指仔细观察照片。故选B。
3.
句意：首先我看着瑞秋，我想起了上学的第一天。discvered发现；remembered记得；cmpared比较；imagined想象。根据the first day f schl（上学的第一天）可知，此处指想起了上学的第一天。故选B。
4.
句意：这引起了我的注意。patience耐心；advice建议；message信息；attentin注意。根据下文I lved puzzle games. I started t play, and after a few minutes, I wasn't crying anymre.（我喜欢拼图游戏。我开始玩，几分钟后，我不再哭了。）可知，此处指益智游戏引起了自己的注意，因为自己喜欢益智游戏。故选D。
5.
句意：我回头看了看照片，眼睛落在托尼的照片上。landed落下；carried携带；darkened变暗；pened打开。根据I lked back at the pictures（我回头看了看照片）和n a picture f Tny（在托尼的照片上）可知，此处指眼神落在了托尼的照片上。故选A。
6.
句意：当我听到托尼说“不，我想和莎拉一起玩。我们要去打篮球。”时，我感到眼泪在我的眼睛里打转。jump跳；mix混合；well流出；mve移动。根据I felt tears（我感到眼泪）可知，此处指眼泪流出来。故选C。
7.
句意：我从那些年里收集的数以百万计的记忆突然回到了我的脑海中。cllected收集；imprved提高；matched匹配；cpied复制。根据句意可知，此处指那些年收集的这些回忆。故选A。
8.
句意：我又看了看照片，我注意到在每一张照片中，我们每个人都在生活的不同阶段，但我们始终都在微笑。strange奇怪的；serius严肃的；hard难的；different不同的。根据句意可知，此处指处于不同的阶段。故选D。
21~22.【答案】B、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，为四篇日记。日记主要记录了格雷格的日常生活情况。
1.
根据第一篇日记中She tld us that she was ging back t schl t start taking classes. Well, it was ttally ut f my expectatin.（她告诉我们她要回学校开始上课。嗯，这完全出乎我的意料。）可知，格雷格对妈妈要回学校上课这件事感到出乎意料。故选B。
2.
根据第三篇日记中Tnight, Dad asked me why I didn't d my jb this mrning. He said I needed t start being mre respnsible.（今晚，爸爸问我为什么今天早上没有做我的工作。他说我需要开始更有责任心。）和第四篇日记中Well, Dad is really serius abut me taking n mre respnsibility.（嗯，爸爸对我变得更有责任感这件事情真的很重视。）可知，爸爸想让格雷格承担更多的责任，变得更有责任感。故选B。
23~25.【答案】A、D、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了防御回路的作用，包括察觉可能的威胁、引起我们的注意、让我们难以转移视线、收集更多细节、做好行动准备等，同时还提到了人与人之间防御系统激活的难易程度存在差异，以及过度敏感的防御回路可能出现的问题。
1.
根据第二段Our defensive circuits are always n the lkut fr things that might be threats.（我们的防御回路总是在搜寻可能构成威胁的事物。）可推测此处是指它们警惕可能发生的危险。故选A。
2.
根据After we have recgnized the pssible threat, ur brains must ften make up fr the time we've spent examining it—we need t avid paying attentin t the threat, and then we can lk arund and prcess the rest f the envirnment.（在我们识别出可能的威胁之后，我们的大脑通常必须弥补我们在观察它上面所花费的时间——我们需要避免关注威胁，然后我们可以环顾四周，处理环境的其余部分。）可知，此处是指把我们的注意力转移到环境的其他部分。故选D。
3.
通读全文，主要讲述了我们的大脑如何在面临威胁时作出反应，以及这种反应机制的优点和可能存在的问题，选项D“当你注意到可怕的事情时，你的大脑会发生什么”符合题意。故选D。
26~29.【答案】C、B、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】文章探讨了社会规范和市场规范对人们行为的影响。文章通过举例和实验，说明了直接付钱在某些情况下不适合，社会规范和市场规范相互冲突会产生不良结果，同时指出虽然金钱能起到一定激励作用，但社会规范不仅更便宜且更有效，是长期起作用的力量。
1.
根据第二段Scial nrms are part f ur scial nature. They include the friendly requests (请求) that peple make f ne anther and immediate payback is nt required.（社会规范是我们社会本性的一部分。它们包括人们相互之间的友好请求，并不要求即时回报。）可知，社会规范是我们社会本性的一部分。它们包括人们相互之间的友好请求，并不要求即时回报。因此C选项“让邻居搭便车去机场”符合社会规范。故选C。
2.
根据Befre the fine was intrduced, parents were srry fr keeping the teachers waiting, and this made them feel cmpelled t arrive n time in the future.（在罚款引入之前，家长们对让老师等待感到抱歉，这使他们感到有必要在未来准时到达。）可知，此处划线单词表示“认为有必要”。故选B。
3.
根据The results shwed that Grup 1 dragged n average 159 circles, and Grup 2 dragged abut 101 circles. But the nes wh were paid nthing dragged 168 circles. When peple were paid, mtivatin (动力) and prductivity rse as pay rse, but peple wrked even harder under scial nrms than fr mney, Why? Because peple lve t feel that they have helped thers.（结果显示，第一组平均拖动了159个圆圈，第二组大约拖动了101个圆圈。但那些没有得到报酬的人拖动了168个圆圈。当人们得到报酬时，动力和生产力随着报酬的增加而提高，但人们在社会规范下比为了钱工作得更努力。为什么呢？因为人们喜欢觉得自己帮助了别人。）可知，当人们得到报酬时，动力和生产力随着报酬的增加而增加，但人们在社会规范下比为钱更努力工作，由此可知这项实验表明了这两种规范的影响。故选D。
4.
根据Scial nrms are nt nly cheaper, but ften mre effective as well. Mney will take yu nly s far—scial nrms are the frces that can make a difference in the lng run.（社会规范不仅成本更低，而且往往也更有效。金钱只能带你走这么远——社会规范才是从长远来看能产生影响的力量。）可知，社会规范不仅成本更低，而且往往更有效，因此作者可能同意社会规范可以在社会中发挥很大的作用。故选A。
30.【答案】【小题1】
The travel industry (is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins).
【小题2】
The idea behind it is that each traveller wuld have a yearly carbn limit and nbdy can g ver that limit.
【小题3】
By cancelling lcal flights if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less in France.
【小题4】
I think the idea f a "carbn passprt" is gd. Because it can help t reduce the carbn emissins and raise ur spirit f prtecting ur Earth. (开放题，合理即可。)
【解析】1.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍为了减少碳排放，一个旅游公司建议使用“碳护照”，很多国家也纷纷采取行动去减少航空旅行。
根据第一段As temperatures cntinue t rise, the effect f carbn emissins (碳排放) n the envirnment has becme a big prblem. Studies shw the travel industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins, with air travel alne causing abut 2.8% f them.（随着气温持续升高，碳排放对环境的影响已成为一个重大问题。研究表明，旅游业约占这些排放的10%，仅航空旅行就约占其中的2.8%。）可知，旅游业会导致10%的碳排放。故填The travel industry (is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins).。
2.
根据第二段The idea behind it is that each traveler wuld have a yearly carbn limit, and nbdy can g ver that limit.（其背后的理念是，每个旅行者每年都有一个碳限额，没有人可以超过这个限额。）可知，其背后的理念是，每个旅行者每年都有一个碳限额，没有人可以超过这个限额。故填The idea behind it is that each traveller wuld have a yearly carbn limit and nbdy can g ver that limit.。
3.
根据第三段In France, lcal flights are canceled if the same trips can be made by train in 2. 5 hurs r less.（在法国，如果可以在2.5小时或更短时间内通过火车完成相同的行程，当地航班就会被取消。）可知，在法国，如果乘坐火车可以在2.5小时或更少时间内完成相同的行程，则取消当地航班。故填By cancelling lcal flights if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less in France.。
4.
开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据全文内容可知，“碳护照”的主意是好的，因为它可以帮助减少碳排放，提升我们保护地球的意识。故填I think the idea f a "carbn passprt" is gd. Because it can help t reduce the carbn emissins and raise ur spirit f prtecting ur Earth.
31~33.【答案】A、C、D
【解析】1.
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了志愿者活动。
根据Mike: I'd like t help students wh are having truble with English and math.可知，迈克想帮助英语和数学学习有困难的学生；选项A中Yu can teach English and math t students wh need help.（你可以给需要帮助的学生教授英语和数学。）与之相匹配，故选A。
2.
根据Alice: I'm interested in healthcare and willing t help ut in cmmunity hspitals.可知，爱丽丝对医疗健康非常感兴趣，想在社区医院志愿服务；选项C中If yu are interested in the medical field and healthcare, this prject may interest yu.（如果你对医疗领域和医疗保健感兴趣，这个项目可能会让你感兴趣。）与之相匹配，故选C。
3.
根据Jane: I like cats and dgs and hpe t d smething fr street animals.可知，简喜欢动物，想帮助流浪动物；选项D中Please spend ne r tw hurs every week wrking with us t help street animals, r wrk at an animal shelter t supprt animal rights.（请每周花一到两个小时与我们一起帮助街头动物，或者在动物收容所工作，支持动物权利。）与之相匹配，故选D。
34.【答案】 Hell, everyne. I'm glad t tell yu that we are ging t take a field trip. We are ging t Yanxi Lake next Friday. We will first get tgether at the schl gate at 8 am, and g there tgether by bus.
①When we arrive at the lake, we will be divided int several grups. Then we will walk alng it and enjy the natural and histrical sights. After that, we can rest beside the lake and have a picnic.
By the way, I als have sme safety tips fr yu. ②First, please stay with yur grup members s that yu wn't get lst. Furthermre, dn't run beside the lake. That's dangerus!
Hpe we will have a gd time.
【解析】【思路点拨】
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇提示作文，要求围绕行前动员的各个方面写一篇讲话稿，介绍外出的时间、地点和活动内容，以及相关的安全建议。人称综合运用，时态主要是一般将来时和一般现在时。写作时注意要点齐全，逻辑清晰，适当使用连接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①be divided int被分成
②by the way顺便说一下
③get lst迷路
【高分句型】
①When we arrive at the lake, we will be divided int several grups. (when引导时间状语从句)
②First, please stay with yur grup members s that yu wn't get lst. (s that引导目的状语从句)
【结构布局】
引言：介绍外出活动的时间及地点
中心：介绍在旅行中将进行的活动
结尾：给出旅行中相关的安全建议
35.【答案】My Mst Memrable Class
We have had thusands f lessns in middle schl. Sme f them have left a deep impressin n me. Amng them, the mst memrable ne is a physics class I had last term.
In the class, ur physics teacher Mr. Liu brught sme materials and asked us t use them t d an experiment. I was cnfident that I culd d a gd jb, because I had wrked ut all f the experiment hmewrk prblems. I ffered t perfrm the experiment in frnt f the whle class. ①Hwever, I just culdn't put what I had learnt int practice n matter hw hard I tried. As yu can imagine, I was s embarrassed!
②The physics class was really memrable because I learned an imprtant life lessn frm its real knwledge cmes frm practice. I als learned t be mdest and prudent, which will psitively influence my future life.
【解析】【思路点拨】
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇命题作文，主题为My Mst Memrable Class（我最难忘的一节课），介绍最难忘的一节课，并谈谈这节课难忘的原因。人称综合运用，时态主要是一般过去时。写作时注意要点齐全，逻辑清晰，适当使用连接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①leave a deep impressin留下深刻印象
②ffer t d sth.主动提出做某事
③put ... int practice把……付诸实践
【高分句型】
①Hwever, I just culdn't put what I had learnt int practice n matter hw hard I tried. (what引导宾语从句)
②The physics class was really memrable because I learned an imprtant life lessn frm its real knwledge cmes frm practice. (because引导原因状语从句)
【结构布局】
引言：介绍自己最难忘的课
中心：阐述难忘的原因
结尾：总结说明从难忘的课程中学到了什么
A
D yu enjy teaching? D yu like spending time with middle schl students? Vlunteer teaching is a perfect chice fr yu if yu d. Teachers in the cmmunity are needed. Yu can teach English and math t students wh need help.
B
D yu have experience taking care f the elderly? Wrking t help the elderly isn't fr everyne. If yu have wrked in this field, cme and jin us The activities in this prject include helping the elderly in nursing hmes.
C
If yu are interested in the medical field and healthcare, this prject may interest yu. It includes activities like vlunteering in cmmunity hspitals, and giving a helping hand t the sick and their families while they are seeing dctrs.
D
D yu like taking care f animals? If yu d, yu can vlunteer yur time with them. Please spend ne r tw hurs every week wrking with us t help street animals, r wrk at an animal shelter t supprt animal rights.
Hell, everyne. I'm glad t tell yu that we are ging t take a field trip.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hpe we can have a gd time.
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