初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 7 Grammar写作指导（知识点+练习题）

这是一份初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 7 Grammar写作指导（知识点+练习题），共6页。
八年级英语下册 Unit 7 Grammar写作指导一、知识点【语法】（一）原级比较as…as…也可表示两者进行比较，但前后并无差别，表示的是原级之间的比较；两个as中间用形容词或副词原级“和…一样…”Eg: This bike is as new as that one.这辆自行车和那辆一样新。（二）形容词比较级形容词比较级在英语中，对两者进行比较时，形容词要用比较级形式1.形容词比较级变化规则：① 一般词尾加-er；Eg: tall -- taller; long -- longer②以字母e结尾直接加-r Eg: nice -- nicer; fine -- finer③以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，双写结尾字母，再加-er Eg: big -- bigger; thin -- thinner④以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词，先把y变I,再加-er Eg: heavy -- heavier; busy -- busier2.形容词比较级的基本句型：（1）基本句型：A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B 表示“A比B更……”Eg: Shanghai is bigger than Hongkong.上海比香港更大。（2）进行选择性比较时，可用：Which/ Who + be动词 + 形容词比较级， A or B ？表示“A和B中，哪个/谁更……”Eg: Who is taller, Sally or Sandy? 谁更高，莎莉还是珊迪？（三）形容词、副词的基本用法及副词的比较级（1）多音节形容词变比较级在词前加more.Eg: popular -- more popular（2）不规则形容词的变化：good/well -- better; bad/ill/badly -- worse; many/much -- more;little -- less; far -- farther/further; old -- older/elder（3）副词的基本用法：副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。Eg: (1) He plays football well.他足球踢得很好。(2) The girl is really beautiful.那个女孩真的很漂亮。(3) You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.你应该上课认真听老师讲课。许多副词是由“形容词 + 后缀ly”构成Eg: careful -- carefully; safe -- safely; busy -- busily;quick -- quickly; heavy -- heavily（4）副词比较级同形容词的比较级变化规则相同。（5）比较级用法：1.形容词比较级通常用于连系动词之后或名词之前Eg: My bedroom is bigger than yours.我的卧室比你的大。2.副词比较级用于实义动词之后。Eg: Anna runs faster than before.安娜跑得比以前快。3.“比较级 + than + 比较级”表示“越来越…”（a）通常-er构成比较级，直接用“比较级 + and + 比较级” （b）多音节用more and more + adj./adv.的结构来表示越来越…Eg: colder and colder “越来越冷”； more and more beautiful “越来越漂亮” 4.“the + 比较级， the + 比较级”表示“越…，就越…”Eg: The more you read, the more you will know.“你读的越多，你就会知道的越多。”5.比较级前可用much, a little, even, still, a lot等词修饰Eg: He runs a little faster than me.他跑得比我快一点。（四）形容词、副词最高级1.形容词、副词最高级的构成：（1）规则变化：①一般在词尾加-est Eg: long -- longest; fast -- fastest②以e结尾的词加-st Eg: nice -- nicest; late -- latest③重读闭音节，双写结尾字母加-est Eg: big -- biggest; hot -- hottest④以辅音加y结尾，变y为i，加-est Eg: heavy -- heaviest; funny -- funniest⑤多音节词前加most Eg: difficult -- most difficult（2）不规则变化： good/ well -- best; ill/ bad/ badly -- worst; many/ much -- most;little -- least; far -- farthest/ furthest; old -- oldest/ eldest2.形容词、副词最高级用法：当三者或三者以上进行比较时，用形容词或副词的最高级。“the + 形容词/ 副词最高级 + of/ in/ among …”是使用的形式of/ in/ among… 表示范围，形容词最高级前常加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。注意：当形容词最高级前有物主代词或所有格等修饰词，不可加the。Eg: (1) Is Shanghai the biggest city in China? 上海在中国是最大的城市吗？(2) Of all the subjects, I like English best.在所有学科中，我最喜欢英语。(3) Lily is the most careful of the three children 丽丽是三个孩子中是最认真的。(4) She is my best friend.她是我最好的朋友。【写作】本单元写作主题为“自然之最以及我们可爱的动物朋友们”写作步骤：第一步：引出话题（介绍最喜欢或最受欢迎的某种动物）第二步：展开叙述（介绍其体重，寿命，外貌及生活习惯）第三步：总结（喜欢或保护它的原因等）范文：众所周知，野生动物变得越来越少。原因是由于人类对自然环境的破坏及吃野生动物；保护措施为欸要提高人们对保护环境的重要性，多种树，少砍树，不吃野生动物As we all know, the number of wild animals is getting smaller and smaller.On the one hand, many people pollute the environment.On the other hand, some people like to eat wild animals.We must do something to stop this.Firstly, we must realize the importance of protecting our earth.Secondly, we can plant more trees instead of cutting down them.Thirdly, we shouldn’t eat wild animals any more.All in all, everyone of us should do our part in saving these wild animals.二、练习题一、单项选择( )1.Mary is ______ on weekends than weekdays.A.busy B.much busier C.the busiest D.much busiest.( )2.-- Which country has the ______ population in the world?-- China.It’s a little ______ than that of India.A.most; most B.largest; larger C.more; most D.bigger; biggest( )3.Please remember, ______ careful you are, _____ mistakes you will make.A.the more; the more B.the fewer; the more C.the more; the fewer D.the less; the less( )4.Danny runs ______ in the class.Nobody runs faster than him.A.fast B.faster C.the fastest D.fastest( )5.Lin Shuhao is one of ______ basketball players in the NBA.A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular( )6.Annie decides to work ______ harder and get better grades next year.A.many B.much C.very D.little二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.This question is quite ______.That one is ______ than this one.(difficult)2.I think table tennis is as ________ as soccer.(excite)3.China is one of the countries with the _______ history.(long)4.The clothes in this shop are the _______ in the city.(cheap)5.India has the second _______ population in the world.(large)三、任务型阅读China is a country in East Asia.It is large in more than one way.More than 1.4 billion people live here.That’s about a fifth of all the people on Earth! And China is the third largest country by total area in the world.It covers about 9.6 million square kilometers.This large country has many different kinds of land.It has some very low areas of land.In fact, the second lowest point on Earth is in China.It is Ayding Lake in the Turpan Depresssion (吐鲁番盆地).Other parts of China have mountains.For example, part of the Himalayan Mountain is in the west part of the country.This area has the highest mountain in the world.The snow in the mountains is a source of many rivers.In fact, the snow makes two of China’s most important rivers.They are the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.The Yellow River is China’s (1) _____ longest river.It is very special to the Chinese civilization (文明).The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the (2) ______ longest river in the world!There are thousands of rivers in China.But there is still desert in the country.And rainforests are also in some areas of the country.So visitors can enjoy diverse landscapes (多样的景色) in this country!任务一、根据短文内容完成下面的句子（每空一词）1.The first paragraph tells us China’s position, ______ and ______.2.There are the second ______ depression and the _______ mountain in the world.任务二、在短文的（1）（2）处填入合适的单词3.（1）_________ （2）________任务三、回答下面的问题4.What’s the meaning of the underlined word in the third paragraph?任务四、根据短文内容，选择正确答案( )5.Where might the passage come from?A.A geography magazine B.A diary C.A storybook D.A notice四、阅读短文，将方框里的五个句子还原到短文中It’s June, and summer vacation will begin soon.That’s a good thing.Most kids love summer vacation -- they’ve worked hard during the school year and 1.______.Also, the freedom of summer gives them self - esteem (自尊心), happiness, and creativity.When kids have free time, 2.______, causing them to feel good about themselves and believe in themselves.But there’s another side: the freedom of summer can cause the “summer drop,” where kids forget some of the reading, writing and math skills 3.______.Many students go down in reading levels during the summer.Math skills are also easily forgettable for kids during the two months of school break.A lot of teachers spend weeks playing catch - up in the fall to make up for the summer drop.To avoid this droop in learning, 4.______Traveling can be a fantastic way for parents to encourage continued learning during the summer time.Whether taking the kids on a road trip to visit family, or getting on a flight to travel in a different province or country, the learning possibilities are endless.If you and your family have a road trip or vacation planned this summer, 5.______.With a little planning, parents can create learning opportunities that are so fun.The kids won’t even realize you are putting education into their free time quietly and secretly.A.They’ve learned at school.B.They should get some free time to have funC.They often come up with their own games and projectsD.Take advantage of the time to add some fun learning activitiesE.It’s up to parents to encourage continued learning during the summer五、写作本周末有一批外国游客要来到动物园参观大熊猫，假如你是他们的导游，请写一篇发言稿，向游客介绍一下大熊猫，要求不少于80词附：参考答案一、1 -- 6 BBCDDB二、1.difficult; more difficult2.exciting3.longest4.cheapest5.largest三、1.population; size 2.lowest; highest 3.(1) second (2) third 4.源头 5.A四、1-- 5 BCAED五、Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to China! I’m glad to be your guide today.We will see lovely pandas soon.Now let me tell you something about pandas.Pandas are white and black.They are very cute and friendly to people.They feed on bamboo.They mainly live in some forests and mountains in Sichuan Province, Gansu Province ans Shanxi Province.Now the number of pandas is getting smaller and smaller, because people cut down many trees and they can’t find enough food and don’t have enough space to live in.So the Chinese government is thinking about ways to protect them, such as building research bases, teaching people about the importance of saving pandas.Besides these, the government is also planting more bamboo trees so there will be more forests for pandas to live in.