Unit10知识清单+练习 人教版英语八年级下册

这是一份Unit10知识清单+练习 人教版英语八年级下册，共10页。

八年级英语（下） Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.1. —How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？ —I’ve had it for three years! 我买了它三年了！（1）how long “多久；多长时间”，常对时间段提问。此外，how long还可提问物体长度，意为“多长”。【易混辨析】how long/how soon/how often/how far ☞—How long did you stay here? 你在这里待了多久。 —For two hours.两小时。 ☞ How far should I throw the ball? 我该把这球扔多远呢？ ☞—How often do you play the piano?你多久弹一次钢琴？ —Once a day.每天一次。 ☞—How soon will you be ready? 你过多久才能准备好？ —I’ll be ready in five minutes.5分钟后我可以准备好。（ ）—________ have you lived in Lanzhou? —Since my parents found jobs here. A. How long　　　 B. How far C. How soon D. How old（2）本句中have had相当于have bought, buy是非延续性动词,不可以接一段时间。若buy接一段时间要换 为延续性动词have。类似的有:borrow →keep, come/go/reach/arrive →be in/at, start/begin →be on, leave →be away from等。 ☞ I have bought a watch. 我已经买了一块手表。 ☞ I have had the watch for two weeks. 这块手表我买了两周了。 ☞ She has kept the book for three days. 这本书她借了三天了。 ☞ The film has been on for an hour. 电影已经开始一个小时了。2. Because I don’t read it anymore. 因为我不再看它了。 not…anymore不再……,anymore可分为any more。not…anymore的同义词组是no more, no more强调数量或程度。 ☞I won’t go to his house any more/anymore. 我再也不到他家去了。 ☞I will go to the seaside no more. = I won’t go to the seaside anymore. 我不会再去海边了。【知识拓展】（ ）I promise I won’t make such mistakes ________. A. no more B. more C. any longer D. no longer3. The stories inside may be a bit old,… 里面的故事可能有点旧……a bit意为“一点儿,稍微”,修饰形容词或副词,相当于 a little。a bit of 后接不可数名词, a little直接接不可数名词。 ☞There is a bit of/a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。【拓展】 not a bit 相当于not at all,意为“一点也不”；not a little 相当于very，意为“非常”。 ☞She is not a bit happy.她一点儿也不快乐。 ☞He is not a little tired. = He is very tired.他非常累。（ ）There is _______ water in the glass, but it’s _______ cold. You’d better not drink it. A. a bit; a bit B. a bit of; a bit C. a little; a little of D. a little of; a little4. We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.我们已经从卧室里清理出了许多东西。 clear out “清除，清理”。其中，clear用作动词，意为“清理，清除”。 ☞Please clear out the cupboard.请把橱柜清理一下。☞Whose job is to clear out snow from the road? 谁的工作是把路上的雪清除掉？【知识拓展】（ ）—You’d better ____________ your old toys. They are no use now.—But I want to keep them because they bring back sweet memories. A. bring out B. check out C. clear out D. clean up5. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. 我们决定每人出售5件不再使用的物品。 （1）decide to do sth.决定去做某事,否定形式为decide not to do sth.。decide后只能接不定式,不可接动名词。 ☞He decided not to go there.他决定不去那儿了。【知识拓展】（ ）They have two rooms to live in, but they can’t decide . A. to choose which one B. choose which one C. which one to choose D. what to choose6. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday,… 例如，自从他的4岁生日其，他就拥有了一套火车和铁路轨道的玩具…… own 动词，意为“拥有;有”。 ☞Who owns this house?谁拥有这幢房子? 【知识拓展】7. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts,but,to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 至于我，我不想放弃我的橄榄球球衫，但是，说实在的，现在我已经有一段时间没玩球了。（1）as for意为“至于,就……而言,涉及,提到(某人某事)”,通常位于句首,引出下面的话题, as for后接名词/代词/动名词。 ☞As for homework, most students do it every day. 至于说家庭作业,大多数学生每天都做。（ ）Everyone wants to win. But ________ me，the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.(江西) A. as for　　　　 B. thanks to C. instead of D. such as（2）to be honest是不定式短语作插入语,意为“老实说,说实在的”,类似的短语有:to tell the truth 说实话,to be exact确切地说,to start with首先,一开始。 ☞To be honest, it is one of the best books that I’ve ever read. 说实在的,这是我读过的最好的书之一。【拓展】 （ ）A person who is ________ does not tell lies or cheat (欺骗) people. A. careless　　　 B. stupid C. honest D. humorous(3) while 用作名词，意为“一段时间;一会儿”。 ☞They walked for a while and stopped to have a rest. 他们走了一会儿,然后停下来休息了一下。【拓展】 （ ）So far, it hasn’t snowed in Zhenzhou this winter. However, it often snows in the northeast, ___________ it snows heavily. A. for a while B. after a while C. once in a while D. all the while8.What would you do with the money you raise? 你会用你筹集的钱做什么？ do with意为“对付,处理”,相当于deal with。 ☞It took me too much time to do with/deal with the problem. 处理这个问题花了我太多的时间。【易混辨析】　deal with/do with （ ）—Have you decided __________ these old clothes, Mike?—Not yet. But I think I can devote them to the children in need in poor areas. A. what to deal with B. how to manage C. how to deal D. what to do with9.Nowadays,millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities. 如今数以百万计的中国人离开农村到城市去寻找工作。（1）nowadays副词，意为“现今，现在；目前”，通常用于一般现在时态的句子中，且多用于句首或句末作状语。 ☞Nowadays, children have more pocket money. 如今，孩子们有更多的零花钱。 ☞It’s very difficult for many people to buy a house nowadays. 现今对许多人来说买房子很难。（2）search作动词，意为“搜索，搜查”。 search for意为“寻找,搜寻,探索”。后面的宾语是寻找的目标。 ☞They are searching for a better way to solve the problem. 他们正在找一个好方法解决这个问题。【易混辨析】　【知识拓展】（ ）Rose finished her study in the university and went to ________ a good job. A. take after　　　 B. look after C. care for D. search for10.Among these is Zhong Wei,a 46-year-old husband and father. 钟伟，一位46岁的丈夫和父亲，就是其中的一员。 （1）among 介词，此处意为“在(其)中;……之一”。 Among the persons at the party,I didn’t know a single one.在聚会的人群中,我一个人也不认识。【易混辨析】　 （ ）There’s one taken by the River Seine______ these photos. Can you find it out? A. except B. including C. between D. among（2）a 46­year­old husband and father“一位46岁的丈夫和父亲” 这是一个单数概念，即：一人两种身份。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。数词＋名词＋形容词”作定语时，用连字符“­”连接，且其中名词用单数形式；作表语时，不用连字符，表示复数概念时，名词用复数形式。 ☞The 12­year­old girl won the first prize. 这个12岁的女孩获得了一等奖。 ☞The girl who won the first prize is 12 years old. 获得一等奖的女孩12岁。 【注意】而a 46­year­old husband and a father指“一位46岁的丈夫和一位父亲”，指两个不同的人，是复数概念。类似的还有： the English teacher and head teacher英语老师兼校长(一个人) the English teacher and the head teacher英语老师和校长(两个人)（ ）—Yan Jiashuo, a ________ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.—Wow, she’s great, isn’t she？ A. ten­year­old　　 B. ten­years­old C. ten year old D. ten years old11. Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century. 从20世纪中期以来，孩子们都是在我以前的小学里学习阅读和数数。（1）count作动词，此处意为“数数”。count作名词时，意为“计算；总数”。 ☞Kate can’t count yet. 凯特还会数数。 ☞Sarah can count up to five now. 萨拉现在能数到5了。 ☞Hold your breath for a count of 10. 屏住呼吸数到10。（2）the mid-20th century “20世纪中期”。在英语中，世纪的表达可用“the+序数词+century”。 ☞in the 17th century 在17世纪【知识拓展】　（ ）Shanghai has been the world-famous business center since century . A. twenty B. the twenty C. the twentieth D. twentieth12. In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. 在我的家乡，在学校对面有一棵古老的大树。 opposite的词性和用法如下表：（ ）Sally sat __________ Harry and they had lunch face to face.A. beside B. next to C. opposite D. Behind13. consider动词，其用法如下：（1）意为“注视”。 ☞He stood there, considering the painting. 他站在那里，注视着那幅油画。consider后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语。（2）意为“仔细考虑”，相当于think about，相关结构： consider+名词/代词 意为“考虑……” consider doing sth. 意为“考虑做某事” consider + 疑问词+不定式 意为“考虑……”; ☞Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。 ☞I am considering changing my job. 我正考虑换个工作。（3）作“认为”讲时，常用consider...(as).../ consider...(to be)…把……视为/认为…… ☞We considered it as part of her work. 我们认为这是她工作的一部分。 ☞She considers him(to be/as) a good teacher. 她认为他是一位好老师。（ ）The fridge doesn’t work. Why not consider ________ a new one? A. buy　　　　 B. bought　　 C. to buy D. buying一、知识点回顾二、典型例题和易错题巩固提高语法选择My mother told me we would have 1 yard sale this weekend. Yesterday I cleared 2 lots of old things from my bedroom. I had to sell five things I no longer use. At first, I was quite sad. Because I found a lot of toys that I don't play with anymore 3 still want to keep. I 4 the toy car since my sixth birthday,and I played with it almost every day 5 I was ten. I didn't want to lose my toy bear, 6 .Itwas one of my favorite toys. It came from my grandmother.I have had it 7 five years. I hope 8 them because they bring back many sweet memories. "Maybe some kids need the toys 9 than you. They don't fit you anymore. But they can 10 joy to the kids,"my mother said. In the end, I gave away the toys to kids in need happily.( )1.A.a B.an C.the D./( )2.A.about B.off C.from D,out( )3.A.but B.so C.and D.or( )4.A.own B.owned C. have owned D.was owning( )5.A.until B.after C.as soon as D.unless( )6.A.too B.either C.also D.neither( )7.A.with B.at C.for D.on( )8.A.keep B.keeps C.to keep D.keeping( )9.A.many B.most C. much D.more( )10.A.bring B.brings C. brought D.bringing 课后作业（二）完形填空Last Sunday morning, I had a yard sale with my sister. We set up a long table in the ___1___ and placed many old things on it. We made a poster (海报) to tell people that we wanted to ___2___ some money for a student in our school. The student was ill but her parents didn't have enough money to take her to ___3___. Maybe because of our kindness, our sale went very well. We were very happy because the ___4___ old things we left, the more money we could ___5___ for the student. Just then, a boy came to our sale. He looked at many things and finally ___6___ a necklace(项链)．“How much is this?” he asked. “Twenty yuan，” I answered.He took out some coins from his pocket and ___7___．Then he asked us, “Could I have it for 15 yuan? This is all I have.”We wondered why the boy wanted to buy a necklace. So I said, “Why do you want to buy it？”“Tomorrow is my mother's birthday. I want to give this nice necklace to her as a ___8___．At the same time, I can also do ___9___ for the student who needs help. I think my mother will be happy about what I do.”My sister and I were both moved(感动) by him. So we ___10___ to let the boy buy it for 15 yuan. After saying thanks to us, he went away with the necklace happily. And we were happy, too.（ ）1．A．bedroom B．kitchen C．yard（ ）2．A．own B．raise C．check（ ）3．A．school B．market C．hospital（ ）4．A．less B．fewer C．more（ ）5．A．waste B．spend C．collect（ ）6．A．gave up B．blew out C．picked up（ ）7．A．counted B．cleared C．searched（ ）8．A．pay B．gift C．prize（ ）9．A．anything B．something C．everything（ ）10．A．agreed B．disagreed C．rememberedhow long多久；多长时间常对时间段提问常用“for+一段时间”或“since+时间点”“since+时间段+ago”来回答how soon多久以后对“in+时间段”提问，常用于一般将来时态的句子中其答语常用“in+时间段”how often多久一次对频率提问其答语常用“once(twice/…)+时间段”，always，often等频度副词how far多远对距离提问其答语是表距离的内容no longer/not…any longer意为“不再……”,表示时间或距离的不再延长,常含有今昔对比之意,比较正式,常用于一般现在时和过去时。 ☞You are no longer a child. = You are not a child any longer. 你再不是个小孩子了。 clear up(1)清理；使整洁 ☞Clear up the desk, will you? 请把书桌整理一下，好吗？(2)放晴 ☞It cleared up soon after the rain.雨后天气迅速放晴。　decide相关结构: decide +that从句; decide +疑问词+不定式; decide against doing so=decide not to do so决定不这么做。 ☞They decided that they would decline the invitation.他们决定谢绝邀请。 ☞I can’t decide what to do. 我不能决定做什么才好。 ☞We decided on carrying out the plan. 我们决定执行这个计划。☞They have decided against camping in the mountains. 他们决定不在山上露营。(1) own adj.& pron.自己的;本人的。 ☞I have a dream that I can have my own firm one day. 我有一个梦想,将来的某一天,我能有一个自己的公司。(2) one’s own表示“某人自己的”。own自己的,要放在物主代词或名词所有格后面。 ☞She saw it with her own eyes. 她亲眼目睹了这件事。(3) owner表示“拥有者,所有者,主人”。 ☞Who is the owner of the house? 谁是这所房子的主人?（1）honest形容词，意为“诚实的；老实的”，其反义词为dishonest“不诚实的”，其名词形式为honesty“诚实”。☞She is an honest woman, and she won’t tell lies. 她是个诚实的女人，不会撒谎的。（2）honest以元音音素开头，前有不定冠词时用an。while常见的搭配： for a while一会儿 after a while一会儿之后in a while 不久；马上 once in a while有时；偶尔(1)deal with对付,处理,与疑问词how连用,侧重指解决问题的方式、方法,how作状语。☞How will you deal with the boy? 你将怎样处理这个男孩?(2)do with对付,处理,与疑问词what连用,侧重于对某物的利用,what作宾语。☞What did you do with your old car? 你的旧轿车是如何处理的?look for/search/search for(1) look for是寻找的通俗说法,常表示寻找某人或某物,指物时,指寻找遗忘或遗失的东西。 ☞What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(2) search用于对某处进行搜查,用于人时指“搜身”。常用结构为“search+地点+for sb./sth.”。 ☞The police searched his house for the lost child. 警察搜查了他家,寻找丢失的孩子。(3) search for为较正式用语,作“寻找,搜寻,探索”解,指竭力想找到人或物,如寻人、找工作、找文件等,这些人或物都是失踪了的或希望得到的,强调寻找的行为,有时与look for互换。 ☞They are working hard to search for answers. 他们正努力寻找答案。 search用作名词时，常用短语in search of，后接寻找的人或物。☞I walked into a bookstore in search of some books that I wanted. 我走进一家书店寻找几本我想要的书。 among / between(1) among指三者或三者以上的“在……中间,在……之间”。 ☞He is sitting among the classmates. 他正坐在同学们中间。(2) between表示“在……中间”时,指“在两者之间”。如果指三个或三个以上人或物中的每两个之间,仍然要用 between。 ☞There’s a small river between the two villages. 这两个村庄之间有一条小河。(两者之间) ☞He told me to take some medicine between three meals every day. 他告诉我每天在三餐之间吃药。(每两餐之间)表达“在……世纪……年代”是用介词in，在整十的年份后加“s”或“‘s”，并在年代前加定冠词the。in the 1720s / 1720’s 在18世纪20年代词性用法例句介词意为“在……的对面”，相当于across from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。The bank is opposite the bus stop.银行在公交车站的对面。形容词意为“对面的，另一边的”，常用短语be opposite to和……相对。We live on the opposite side of the road.我们住在马路对面。副词意为“在对面”。There’s an old man living opposite.有一个老人住在对面。名词为“对应的人(或物)；对立面”，常与介词of一起使用。“Tall” is the opposite of “short”．“高”是“矮”的反义词。Phrases1. ___________________________察看；观察2. ___________________________ 至于；关于3. ___________________________老实说，说实在的 4. ___________________________不再5. ___________________________棋类游戏 6. ___________________________一会儿 7. ___________________________养狗8. ___________________________故乡情9. ___________________________一年一两次10. ___________________________把……看成……11. 与……分开12. 以极大的兴趣关注着Sentences1. How long have you had that bike over there?你拥有那边那辆自行车多长时间了？2. I’ve had it for three years= I’ve had it since three years ago. 我已拥有它3年了/自从3年以前我就拥有它了。3. As they get bigger our house seems to get smaller. 随着他们的长大，我们的房子看起来变小了。4. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. 我们已经决定，每一笑交易卖5样我们不再用的东西。5. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.许多象钟伟一样的人都带着极大的兴趣关注着他们的家乡已经发生了怎样的变化。6. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 艾米想留着她的旧东西，因为它们勾起甜美的回忆。7. You can also give old things away to people in need. 你也可以把旧东西捐赠给急需的人们。Grammar现在完成时（Ⅲ）