2024届高考英语巩固语法培养语感【阅读题型30天冲刺】天天练-第8天

这是一份2024届高考英语巩固语法培养语感【阅读题型30天冲刺】天天练-第8天，共24页。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·广东·统考二模）
Languages are dying ut all the time. Here are fur languages that were nce widely spken but are nw cnsidered as “dead” languages.
Old Nrse
Old Nrse was spken and written by the Vikings frm abut the 7th century. It was used in cuntries like Iceland and parts f Russia. The Vikings were famus fr their attacks n neighburing cuntries, and s Old Nrse had an influence n the languages f the places they attacked, including English. Fr example, English wrds such as “egg, gift, anger, want, trust and scre” cme frm Old Nrse.
Middle English
Middle English was spken in England between the 12th and 15th centuries and was very different frm the English we use these days. In the past, England was highly influenced by Old Nrse. S was its language. There are n manuscripts (手稿) in Middle English as it was much mre fashinable t write in French. Middle English gave way t mdern English. One example f the wide use f mdern English was Shakespeare’s wrks.
Hunnir
Hunnir is the mst mysterius f the languages n ur list. The Huns were a cmmunity that spread acrss eastern Eurpe in the 4th and 5th centuries. Despite the Huns’ success in expanding their empire, their language was never written dwn. The few wrds that are knwn are mainly names-in mdern Turkey and Mnglia. Apart frm these, nly three wrds are knwn; kams, meds (types f drinks) and strava (a big meal).
Ancient Greek
Mre than 4,000 years ag, the Greeks spke an advanced language knwn tday as Ancient Greek, and develped the first alphabet. Indeed, the English wrd “alphabet” is taken frm the first tw letters f the Greek alphabet: alpha and beta. Althugh the language is n lnger spken anywhere, it cntinues t be studied by schlars arund the wrld and is regarded as ne f the mst imprtant languages f all time.
1．Which language was spken by the Vikings?
A．Old Nrse.B．Middle English.
C．Ancient Greek.D．Hunnir.
2．Why did Middle English disappear?
A．French was a ppular written language then.B．Mdern English replaced Middle English.
C．Shakespeare didn’t use Middle English.D．Middle English was influenced by Old Nrse.
3．Which wrd cmes frm Ancient Greek?
A．Want.B．Kams.C．Strava.D．Alphabet.
B
（2023·山东·德州·校联考模拟预测）
Damn Carsn calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) f the never-ending waste f American sciety, trying nt t pair peple with peple, but things with peple.
In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.
Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.
Carsn, a husband and father f three adult children, is far frm wasteful. Frugal is hw he describes himself. The clthes he’s wearing all came frm a charity shp; his truck was bught with 290, 000 kilmeters driven.
“Why break smething dwn, why melt smething dwn, if it still has value?” he asks. An ld il-field pipe might be melted dwn and turned int a car bumper, but it still takes an amunt f pwer t finish the cmplete change. Why nt leave it as a steel pipe? Why nt turn it int a fence pst n a farm? The nly cst is transprt.
American industrial facilities create and thrw abut 7.6 billin tns f unwanted industrial materials every year. Fr the mment, Carsn’s unique business finds new lives fr millins f kilgrams f industrial waste every year.
4．What is paragraph tw mainly abut?
A．Carsn’s schl lessns.
B．Carsn’s jurney t Clrad.
C．The start f Carsn’s business.
D．The serius waste f materials.
5．What is Repurpsed Materials aimed at?
A．Marketing wastes t peple in need.
B．Breaking dwn the wasted gds.
C．Manufacturing industrial prducts.
D．Recycling the thrwn-away stuffs.
6．Hw des Carsn describe his life?
A．Ecnmical.B．Petic.C．Tugh.D．Risky.
7．What can we learn frm Carsn?
A．Well began, half dne.
B．Innvative thinking cunts.
C．One is never t ld t learn.
D．Hard wrk will pay back.
C
（2023·福建漳州·校考阶段）
Netwrk-based technlgies have becme increasingly widespread, and they are nw being used by cuntless individuals, prfessinals, and businesses wrldwide. Despite their advantages, mst netwrk-based systems are highly at risk f malicius (恶意的) attacks.
The cnsequences f a malicius attack n netwrk-based systems can be extremely harmful. Fr instance, an attack n a pwer plant netwrk culd leave millins f individuals and ffices withut electricity, while attacks n scial media netwrks can lead t expsure f user infrmatin.
T vercme the weaknesses f netwrk-based systems, cmputer scientists wrldwide have been trying t develp advanced intrusin detectin systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that culd help t identify malicius attacks, increasing a netwrk’s safety. In recent years, machine learning (ML) algrithms (机器学习算法) have been fund t be particularly prmising fr autmatically detecting attacks and intrusins n a netwrk’s functining.
An imprtant step in the develpment and training f ML-based IDSs is the selectin f data features that a mdel can rely r fcus n when making predictins. Ideally by analyzing large datasets, researchers shuld be able t identify the mst suitable features fr slving a given task using ML tls, and this can als be applied t intrusin detectin.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently develped a new feature selectin methd that culd enable the develpment f mre effective ML-based IDSs. This methd was fund t perfrm remarkably well when cmpared with ther cmmnly emplyed feature selectin techniques. Using the features they identified as mst imprtant fr intrusin detectin, the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based detectin system. This system was fund t be capable f distinguishing between DDS attacks and harmless netwrk signals with 99% accuracy.
In the future, the feature selectin methd develped by the researchers and their findings culd help the develpment f new, highly effective IDSs. In additin, the system they created using the features they identified culd be applied in real-wrld settings t detect malicius attacks n real netwrks.
8. What des paragraph 1 fcus n abut netwrk-based technlgies?
A. Their targeted users.B. Their ppularity.
C. Their ptential risk.D. Their advantages.
9. Hw can IDSs increase the safety f netwrks?
A. By tracking malicius attacks.
B. By starting anti-virus prgrams.
C. By srting ut user infrmatin.
D. By recgnizing malicius attacks.
10. What is the key t the develpment f ML-based IDSs?
A. Slving given tasks.B. Selecting reliable data features.
C. Making accurate predictins.D. Analyzing large enugh datasets.
11. What’s the purpse f the text?
A. T intrduce a new technique fr IDSs.
B. T prmte netwrk-based technlgies.
C. T raise peple’s awareness f netwrk safety.
D. T discuss ways t deal with malicius attacks.
D
（2023·浙江·高三校联考开学考试）
In recent years, China has witnessed the grwth f luxury (奢侈品) brands. In this market, Chinese cnsumers are nw the largest spenders. It’s clear that a new generatin f yung, materialistic peple is increasingly relying n luxury brands t imprve its self-image.
I am a fashinist t, at least in spirit—I lve t lk at clthes and shes. But I dn’t understand why peple spend lts f mney n designer labels.
When a yung wman buys a handbag that csts tw mnths f her salary, that’s a scary thing.
What’s interesting is that scientists have fund that having luxury things desn’t lead t happiness.
Study after study has shwn that althugh we want material things, when we get them we dn’t suddenly becme “happy” peple. In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things. That’s because experiences are mre easily cmbined with a persn’s identity. If I travel t Yunnan, that adventure affects hw I think in the future. My memries becme a part f me.
Mrever, as Van Bven has bserved, yung peple wh pursue happiness thrugh “things” are liked less by their peers. Peple prefer thse wh pursue happiness thrugh experiences.
It’s natural t want t express yurself thrugh yur appearance. S my advice is: create a lk that isn’t tied t a designer label. Cnvey yur wn message. Take sme lessns frm the late Apple c-funder Steve Jbs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, funder f Facebk, rutinely appears in hdies and sneakers. These peple, successful peple, have style. Yu dn’t have t break the bank t send a message abut wh yu are.
Take a trip. G ut int the wrld. Then cme back and cnfidently create yur wn signature lk.
12．What can we infer frm the first three paragraphs?
A．The authr enjys buying luxury brands herself.
B．The authr agrees t spend mney n material things.
C．The authr is critical f yuths tying their lks t designer labels.
D．The authr finds it natural fr fashinists t fllw fashin trends.
13．Leaf Van Bven’s studies shwed that ________.
A．traveling changes a persn’s identity greatly
B．peple dislike thse wh lve luxuries
C．experiences can bring peple mre happiness than luxuries
D．luxuries have a negative effect n peple’s happiness
14．What is the authr’s advice n expressing neself?
A．Be selective abut designer labels.
B．Create yur wn persnal unique style.
C．Chse styles that are simple and cmfrtable.
D．Try styles like Mark Zuckerberg’s.
15．The main purpse f the article is t ______.
A．persuade readers t invest in experiences instead f luxuries
B．prve hw luxury leads t an unpleasant life
C．tell hw t express yurself thrugh appearances
D．reprt n a series f studies abut luxuries and happiness
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·浙江·强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷）
Sme peple measure success by the wealth they’ve accumulated, r the status they’ve achieved. Yet, even thugh they’ve reached success beynd their wildest dreams, they still feel smething is missing frm their life. Their sul may be searching fr smething mre. 16
Althugh everyne is different, there are cmmn threads that bind a life with purpse.
Live by yur beliefs and values.
Peple wh live a life f purpse have cre beliefs and values that influence their decisins, shape their daily actins, and determine their pririties. They place significant value n being a persn f virtue. 17 And they spend mre time listening t their inner vice than being influenced by thers.
Fllw yur passin.
Peple wh live a life f purpse wake up each mrning eager t face the new day. They pursue their dreams with enthusiasm, put their heart int everything they d, and feel that they’re persnally making a difference. As James Dean nce said, “ 18 ”
Feel cntent.
Peple wh live a life f purpse have an inner peace. They’re satisfied with what they have and wh they are. 19 As the saying ges, “The real measure f yur wealth is hw much yu’d be wrth if yu lst all yur mney.”
20
Peple wh live a life f purpse have a psitive impact n smene else’s life. They are willing t help peple in need and make their life better and happier. They gain as much satisfactin witnessing the success f thers as witnessing their wn.
Withut purpse, it’s easy t wander aimlessly thrugh life instead f fllwing yur Nrth Star. Withut purpse, it’s easy t achieve remarkable success and still feel that life is passing yu by.
A．Make a difference.
B．It’s the purpse f life.
C．Put thers befre yurself.
D．S they live with certain mral principles.
E．The secret f success is cnstancy t purpse.
F．Dream as if yu’ll live frever and live as if yu’ll die tday.
G．T them, the grass is greener n their wn side f the fence.
第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2023·山东·高三校联考阶段练习）
In a village in Malawi, Africa, peple faced cnstant drught and pverty. A yung by named William Kamkwamba had a dream f bringing 1 t his village.
When famine (饥荒) came, William had t 2 schl t help with farming. Hwever, he kept reading bks fr the wnders f 3 and the endless pssibilities it ffered. 4 by his teacher’s bicycle flashlight, he decided t build a large windmill (风车) t 5 the battery, and then use a water pump t water the land s as t 6 slve the famine.
After many difficult cnversatins, his father finally chse t 7 his sn and handed ver the nly brken 8 t him. William used the wheels and als 9 the lcal junkyard fr sme 10 parts. He wrked really hard every day. Due t 11 educatin and resurces, it was a 12 challenge t turn bits f ld materials int a wrking machine.
After cuntless 13 and failures, the by’s windmill finally started 14 . Weeping with jy, the by and his father hugged tightly. This is the stry f “The By Wh Harnessed the Wind,” a stry f hpe, strength, and the strng spirit f a yung by wh changed peple’s lives with the pwer f 15 .
1．A．windB．waterC．frtuneD．chance
2．A．quitB．ignreC．attendD．enjy
3．A．artB．histryC．magicD．science
4．A．AmusedB．CnfusedC．InspiredD．Annyed
5．A．enhanceB．chargeC．preserveD．repair
6．A．barelyB．hardlyC．frequentlyD．cmpletely
7．A．abandnB．supprtC．frgiveD．distrust
8．A．bicycleB．radiC．carD．flashlight
9．A．bughtB．exchangedC．searchedD．skipped
10．A．ldB．differentC．uniqueD．spare
11．A．acquiredB．limitedC．adequateD．ptential
12．A．cmplexB．simpleC．financialD．tugh
13．A．attemptsB．successesC．discveriesD．achievements
14．A．flatingB．sailingC．turningD．spreading
15．A．awarenessB．fantasyC．harmnyD．knwledge
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2024·吉林白山·统考一模）
A small device, Mxie, has prduced xygen n the surface f Mars, 1 (bring) the chances f surviving n the red planet a step clser. Research published in 2 jurnal Science Advances reprted that Mxie prduced breathable xygen in seven-hur-lng tests cnducted in varius weather and atmspheric cnditins last year. The research als fund that even in 3 (extreme) harsh weather cnditins like a Martian dust strm, Mxie 4 (cntinue) t prduce high purity xygen.
“This is the first demnstratin f actually using 5 (resurce) n the surface f Mars and transfrming them chemically int smething useful fr a human missin,” Jeffrey Hffman, a retired astrnaut, said.
“The thin atmsphere n Mars is 96 percent carbn dixide and much mre 6 (change)than n Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees, ” Hffman said. “One aim is 7 (shw) we can run Mxie in all seasns.”
The device, Mxie, uses sme special pumps, 8 take in carbn dixide. The gas 9 (heat) t 800°C and pressed t separate the carbn and xygen. Carbn mnxide is sent ut as waste while the pure xygen is left behind.
Despite the challenges, Mxie has prved durable in the extreme cnditins n Mars and scientists regard the test results 10 a great achievement.
第【8】天 自我评测
日期
用时（建议60分钟内）
成绩（总分80分）
2024年 月 日
分钟
答案&解析
第二部分 阅读理解
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种曾经广泛使用但现在被视为死亡的语言——古诺尔斯语、中古英语、匈牙利语和古希腊语。
1．细节理解题。根据Old Nrse的“Old Nrse was spken and written by the Vikings frm abut the 7th century. (古斯堪的纳维亚语大约从7世纪开始由维京人使用。)”可知，维京人说的语言是古斯堪的纳维亚语。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Middle English的“Middle English gave way t mdern English. (中世纪英语让位给现代英语。) ”可知，中古英语的消失是因为现代英语取代了中世纪英语。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Ancient Greek的“Mre than 4,000 years ag, the Greeks spke an advanced language knwn tday as Ancient Greek, and develped the first alphabet. Indeed, the English wrd “alphabet” is taken frm the first tw letters f the Greek alphabet: alpha and beta. (4000多年前，希腊人说一种先进的语言，今天被称为古希腊语，并开发了第一个字母表。事实上，英语单词alphabet就是取自希腊字母表的前两个单词alpha和beta。)”可知，单词Alphabet来自古希腊语。故选D。
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，·文章讲述了达蒙卡森经营公司，为一些被废弃的垃圾寻找新的归宿，不需再次浪费能源回收，保护环境的故事。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.(上世纪90年代末，Clrad在科罗拉多州韦尔的商学院休学期间，发现了这个巨大的废物世界。他开始考虑开一家二手店，出售旧材料，防止它们被浪费。结果，在2010年，他的公司Repurpsed Materials出现了)”可知，本段主要讲述Carsn的生意是如何创办的，故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.(近十年来，他的公司Repurpsed Materials并没有寻求回收他得到的垃圾——将其分解成新的东西——而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿)”可知，Repurpsed Materials的目标是将废品卖给有需要的人，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Frugal is hw he describes himself.(节俭是他对自己的描述)”可知，Carsn用节俭描述自己的生活，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.(近十年来，他的公司Repurpsed Materials并没有寻求回收他得到的垃圾——将其分解成新的东西——而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿)”和最后一段中“Fr the mment, Carsn’s unique business finds new lives fr millins f kilgrams f industrial waste every year.(目前，Carsn的独特业务每年为数百万公斤的工业废物找到新的生命)”可知，Carsn的公司并没有将回收的垃圾分解成新的东西，而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿，这项独特业务每年为数百万公斤的工业废物找到新的生命，由此可推知“创新思维很重要”，故选B。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了IDSs (入侵检测系统)相关技术和发展。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Despite their advantages, mst netwrk-based systems are highly at risk f malicius (恶意的) attacks. (尽管它们具有优势，但大多数基于网络的系统都很容易受到恶意攻击。)”可知，本段主要想要指出系统都很容易受到恶意攻击，即具有潜在的风险。故选C项。
9. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“T vercme the weaknesses f netwrk-based systems, cmputer scientists wrldwide have been trying t develp advanced intrusin detectin systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that culd help t identify malicius attacks, increasing a netwrk’s safety. (为了克服基于网络的系统的弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，该系统能够识别恶意攻击，提高安全性。故选D项。
10. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“An imprtant step in the develpment and training f ML-based IDSs is the selectin f data features that a mdel can rely r fcus n when making predictins. (开发和训练基于ML的IDS的一个重要步骤是选择模型在进行预测时可以依赖或关注的数据特征。)”可知，选择可依赖的数据特征是该系统的重要核心步骤。故选B项。
11. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“T vercme the weaknesses f netwrk-based systems, cmputer scientists wrldwide have been trying t develp advanced intrusin detectin systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that culd help t identify malicius attacks, increasing a netwrk’s safety. (为了克服基于网络的系统的弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，本文主要为了介绍IDSs (入侵检测系统)。故选A项。
【答案】12．C 13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章主要介绍了青年人越来越依赖奢侈品来提升个人形象。这是很可怕的事情。我们应该出去旅行，去世界各地看一看，多体验多经历，自信来自于眼界。
12．推理判断题。根据前三段的内容，以及When a yung wman buys a handbag that csts tw mnths f her salary, that’s a scary thing.可知，青年人越来越依赖奢侈品来提升个人形象。这是很可怕的事情，说明作者在批评这些年轻人，故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段中In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things.可知，Leaf Van Bven研究表明旅行和类似经历比奢侈品更能给人带来更多快乐。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中It’s natural t want t express yurself thrugh yur appearance. S my advice is: create a lk that isn’t tied t a designer label. These peple, successful peple, have style.可知，作者建议我们创造独特唯一的风格。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things可知，作者的写作目的是通过Leaf Van Bven研究劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。故选A。
【点睛】4. 解题剖析：此题属于推理判断题中的（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) t entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) t persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) t infrm readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。
答案需要从文章Leaf Van Bven研究劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。进行推断。
答案定位：根据文章Leaf Van Bven研究结果可知，文章劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。
推理关系：题干The main purpse f the article is t.☞文章内容has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things
答案：spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things.☞A选项persuade readers t invest in experiences instead f luxuries
【答案】16．B 17．D 18．F 19．G 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍如何成为一个生活有目标的人，使人生更有意义。
16．上文“Sme peple measure success by the wealth they’ve accumulated, r the status they’ve achieved. Yet, even thugh they’ve reached success beynd their wildest dreams, they still feel smething is missing frm their life. Their sul may be searching fr smething mre.(有些人以积累的财富或取得的地位来衡量成功。然而，即使他们已经取得了超乎想象的成功，他们仍然觉得生活中缺少了一些东西。他们的灵魂可能在寻找更多的东西。)”指出，以积累的财富或取得的地位来衡量人的成功，即使取得了超乎想象的成功，他们的灵魂可能在寻找更多的东西；由下文“Althugh everyne is different, there are cmmn threads that bind a life with purpse.(尽管每个人都是不同的，但有一些共同的线索是将生活与目标联系在一起。)”可知，作者认为成功应该将生活与目标联系在一起；由此可知，B选项“It’s the purpse f life.(它就是生活的目的性。)”说明即使以积累的财富或取得的地位来衡量成功人取得成功，他们的灵魂可能在寻找更多的东西，这就是生活的目的性，符合语境，选项中的“It”指代上文中的“smething mre”。故选B。
17．上文“Peple wh live a life f purpse have cre beliefs and values that influence their decisins, shape their daily actins, and determine their pririties. They place significant value n being a persn f virtue.(过着有目标的生活的人有核心信念和价值观，这些信念和价值观会影响他们的决定，塑造他们的日常行动，并决定他们的优先事项。他们非常重视做一个有美德的人。)”指出，过一种有目标的生活、能坚守自己价值和信念的人非常重视做一个有美德的人；D选项“S they live with certain mral principles.(所以他们有一定的道德准则。)”与上文构成因果关系，说明做一个有美德的人有一定的道德准则，符合语境；选项中的“they”与上文“They”所指代的人一致。故选D。
18．由小标题“Fllw yur passin.(追随你的热情。)”以及上文“Peple wh live a life f purpse wake up each mrning eager t face the new day. They pursue their dreams with enthusiasm, put their heart int everything they d, and feel that they’re persnally making a difference. As James Dean nce said, (生活有目标的人每天早上醒来都渴望面对新的一天。他们热情地追求自己的梦想，全身心地投入到他们所做的每一件事中，并且觉得他们个人正在做出改变。)”可知，作者认为应该追随自己的梦想，并引用James Dean的话来印证自己的观点；F选项“Dream as if yu’ll live frever and live as if yu’ll die tday.(像你永远活着那样去追求梦想，也像今天即将死去那样用力活着。)”符合语境，选项中的“Dream as if yu’ll live frever”与小标题“Fllw yur passin”以及上文中的“pursue their dreams with enthusiasm”表达意义一致。故选F。
19．上文“Peple wh live a life f purpse have an inner peace. They’re satisfied with what they have and wh they are.(生活有目标的人内心平静。他们对自己所拥有的和自己是谁感到满意。)”指出生活有目标的人内心平静，对自己现状很满足；G选项“T them, the grass is greener n their wn side f the fence.(对他们来说，自家那边的草更绿。)”说明感到满足的人觉得自己所拥有的就很好，符合语境；选项中的“them”指代上文“They”，即内心平静、对自己所拥有的和自己是谁感到满意的人。故选G。
20．文章结构分析可知，设空处为小标题；由下文“Peple wh live a life f purpse have a psitive impact n smene else’s life. They are willing t help peple in need and make their life better and happier. They gain as much satisfactin witnessing the success f thers as witnessing their wn.(有目标的人会对别人的生活产生积极的影响。他们愿意帮助有需要的人，使他们的生活更好、更快乐。他们看到别人的成功和看到自己的成功获得的满足感是一样多的。)”可知本段主要阐述要做一个对别人生活产生积极影响的人；A选项“Make a difference.(带来改变/影响)”符合本段主旨，适合作为小标题，选项与下文“have a psitive impact n smene else’s life”表达内容一致。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在非洲马拉维的一个村庄，一个名叫William Kamkwamba的男孩用自己所学到的科学知识，为村里发明了可以给土地浇水的装置，从而彻底解决饥荒的故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个名叫William Kamkwamba的小男孩梦想着把水带到他的村庄。A. wind风；B. water水；C. frtune运气；D. chance机会。根据上文“In a village in Malawi, Africa, peple faced cnstant drught and pverty.(在非洲马拉维的一个村庄，人们面临着持续的干旱和贫困)”可知，村庄面临干旱，男孩梦想着把水带到他的村庄。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当饥荒来临时，William不得不退学去帮忙种地。A. quit停止；B. ignre忽视；C. attend参加；D. enjy欣赏。根据后文“schl t help with farming”可知，饥荒来临时，William不得不退学去帮忙种地。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他为了科学的奇迹和它提供的无限可能性而继续读书。A. art艺术；B. histry历史；C. magic魔法；D. science科学。根据后文William利用科学解决了村里的饥荒问题，可知是科学的奇迹。故选D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到老师自行车手电筒的启发，他决定建造一个大型风车给电池充电，然后用水泵给土地浇水，从而彻底解决饥荒。A. Amused被逗乐的；B. Cnfused困惑的；C. Inspired受鼓舞的；D. Annyed生气的。根据后文“by his teacher’s bicycle flashlight”可知，他的灵感来自于自行车手电筒，即收到自行车手电筒的启发。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到老师自行车手电筒的启发，他决定建造一个大型风车给电池充电，然后用水泵给土地浇水，从而彻底解决饥荒。A. enhance增强；B. charge负责，充电；C. preserve保护；D. repair修理。根据后文“the battery, and then use a water pump t water”可知，风车给电池充电，然后用水泵给土地浇水，故选B。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：受到老师自行车手电筒的启发，他决定建造一个大型风车给电池充电，然后用水泵给土地浇水，从而彻底解决饥荒。A. barely几乎不；B. hardly几乎不；C. frequently频繁地；D. cmpletely彻底地，完全地。根据上文“a water pump t water the land s as t”可知，有了水泵给土地浇水，就可以彻底解决饥荒。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几经周折，父亲最终还是选择了支持儿子，把唯一一辆坏掉的自行车交给了他。A. abandn抛弃；B. supprt支持；C. frgive原谅；D. distrust不信任。根据后文“handed ver the nly brken”父亲把自行车给了儿子，说明支持儿子。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几经周折，父亲最终还是选择了支持儿子，把唯一一辆坏掉的自行车交给了他。A. bicycle自行车；B. radi电台；C. car汽车；D. flashlight闪光灯。根据上文“by his teacher’s bicycle flashlight”可知，William需要自行车才能进行自己的发明，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：William使用了车轮，还在当地的垃圾场寻找了一些备件。A. bught购买；B. exchanged交换；C. searched搜索；D. skipped跳跃。根据后文“the lcal junkyard”指William搜索垃圾场寻找需要的零件。故选C。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：William使用了车轮，还在当地的垃圾场寻找了一些备件。A. ld老的；B. different不同的；C. unique独特的；D. spare备用的。根据后文“parts”可知，有了自行车，William还需要其他的一些备件才能完成自己的发明。故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于教育和资源有限，把一些旧材料改造成能工作的机器是一项艰巨的挑战。A. acquired后天的；B. limited有限的；C. adequate足够的；D. ptential潜在的。后文“challenge t turn bits f ld materials int a wrking machine”提到把一些旧材料改造成能工作的机器是一项艰巨的挑战，是因为教育和资源有限，故选B。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于教育和资源有限，把一些旧材料改造成能工作的机器是一项艰巨的挑战。A. cmplex复杂的；B. simple简单的；C. financial经济的；D. tugh艰难的。上文提到教育和资源有限，所以把一些旧材料改造成能工作的机器是一项艰巨的挑战。故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过无数次的尝试和失败，这个男孩的风车终于开始转动了。A. attempts尝试；B. successes成功；C. discveries发现；D. achievements成就。根据后文“and failures”指男孩经过无数次的尝试和失败。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过无数次的尝试和失败，这个男孩的风车终于开始转动了。A. flating漂浮；B. sailing航行；C. turning转弯，转动；D. spreading传播。根据后文“Weeping with jy, the by and his father hugged tightly.(男孩和父亲紧紧地拥抱在一起，喜极而泣)”可知，这个男孩的风车终于开始转动了，男孩和父亲都很高兴。故选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个关于“驾驭风的男孩”的故事，一个关于希望、力量和一个小男孩的坚强精神的故事，他用知识的力量改变了人们的生活。A. awareness意识；B. fantasy幻想；C. harmny和谐；D. knwledge知识。根据上文“educatin and resurces”可知，男孩借助知识的力量改变了人们的生活。故选D。
【答案】1．bringing 2．the 3．extremely 4．cntinued 5．resurces 6．changeable 7．t shw 8．which 9．is heated 10．as
【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以在火星表面制造氧气的设备Mxie。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：一种名为Mxie的小型设备在火星表面产生了氧气，使人类在这颗红色星球上生存的机会更近了一步。根据句中谓语“has prduced”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，与“A small device”之间为主动关系，作伴随状语，故应用现在分词。故填bringing。
2．考查冠词。句意：发表在《科学进展》杂志上的研究报告称，去年在各种天气和大气条件下进行的长达7小时的测试中，Mxie产生了可呼吸的氧气。分析句子可知，空处应为冠词，修饰名词“jurnal”，特指《科学发展》杂志，故应用定冠词the。故填the。
3．考查副词。句意：研究还发现，即使在火星沙尘暴等极端恶劣的天气条件下，Mxie也能继续产生高纯度的氧气。分析句子可知，空处应为副词，修饰形容词“harsh”，作状语；extremely为副词，意为“极端地、极度地”，符合句意。故填extremely。
4．考查动词时态。句意：研究还发现，即使在火星沙尘暴等极端恶劣的天气条件下，Mxie也能继续产生高纯度的氧气。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据“fund”和句意可知，应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；cntinue为动词，意为“继续”。故填cntinued。
5．考查名词复数。句意：这是第一次真正利用火星表面的资源，并将其化学转化为对人类任务有用的东西。根据动词“using”可知，空处应用名词，作宾语；resurce表示“资源”，为可数名词，故应用复数形式。故填resurces。
6．考查形容词。句意：火星上稀薄的大气96%是二氧化碳，比地球上更易变化，温度可以变化100度。根据“is... and much ”可知，空处应为形容词原级，作表语；changeable为形容词，意为“易变的、可变化的”，符合句意。故填changeable。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个目标就是向大家展示我们可以在任何季节都能运行Mxie。根据句中谓语动词“is”可知，空处应用非谓语动词，作表语；主语是“aim”，一般用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。故填t shw。
8．考查定语从句关系词。句意：这种名为Mxie的设备使用一些特殊的泵来吸收二氧化碳。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“sme special pumps”，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。故填which。
9．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：将气体加热到800°C，并加压以分离碳和氧。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词，根据上一句的“uses”和下一句的“is sent ut”及句意可知，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实；heat可作动词，意为“加热”，与主语“The gas”之间应为被动关系，表示“气体被加热”，故应用被动语态，且谓语为单数。故填is heated。
10．考查介词。句意：尽管面临挑战，但Mxie在火星的极端条件下证明了它的耐用性，科学家们认为测试结果是一项伟大的成就。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语“a great achievement”；动词短语意为“把……视为……”，符合句意。故填as。