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2024届高考英语巩固语法培养语感【阅读题型30天冲刺】天天练-第11天
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这是一份2024届高考英语巩固语法培养语感【阅读题型30天冲刺】天天练-第11天，共24页。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a secluded shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
1. Wh are the intended readers?
A. Red-blded males. B. White-cllar staff. C. Blue-blded turists.D. Green-hand campers.
2. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the mst ecnmic way t experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
D. Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
3. In which clumn will yu find this passage?
A. Feature.B. Style.C. Travel.D. Entertainment.
B
(2023·江苏镇江·第一中学统考二模)
Eugene Newman Parker, a leading figure in helispheric (日球层的) physics fr the past half century, passed away peacefully at his hme in Chicag n Mar. 15. He was 94.
Hailed (誉为) as a visinary in the field f heliphysics, Parker revlutinized ur understanding f the sun and its effects n Earth and ther bdies within the slar system. NASA even stated that “the field f heliphysics exists in large part because f Dr. Eugene Parker. In 2018, Parker became the first living scientist t witness the launch f a spacecraft that was named in his hnr.
Parker is best knwn fr his grundbreaking thery n the existence f a phenmenn called “slar wind”, a cntinuus stream f charged particles that flw ff the sun. It can becme vilent, causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his thery was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific cmmunity. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an abslute vacuum (真空), and was thus cmpletely empty f any matter. But, there were n errrs in his study r his calculatins, and the thery was later prven t be crrect in 1962, when a NASA spacecraft missin t Venus revealed the cnstant presence f a supersnic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led t the advice Parker ften gave yung researchers: “If yu d smething new r innvative, expect truble. But think critically abut it because if yu’re wrng, yu want t be the first ne t knw that.” Parker never c-authred a paper with his students, thus urging them t be independent.
Parker was humble, straightfrward, and wise. His sn Eric said, “My sister Jyce and I didn’t get a real feel fr what a ‘big dg’ ur dad was in the field.” They gt an even better sense when a mnth after Parker’s death, they traveled t Lund, Sweden, t accept n his behalf the Crafrd Prize in Astrnmy.
4. What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A. A spacecraft was named in memry f Parker.
B. The sun has less effects n Earth than expected.
C. Parker deserved credit fr his great cntributins.
D. NASA prvided new insights int the lunar effect.
5. Why did peple view Parker’s thery f “slar wind” skeptically at first?
A. It went against the ppular pinin at that time.
B. Sme mistakes were fund in his calculatins.
C. The presence f a supersnic wind was prven by NASA.
D. Matter was believed t exist in the space between planets.
6. What did Parker suggest yung researchers d?
A. Seek clse cperatin.B. Avid high expectatins.
C. Learn by trial and errr.D. Cmpete against thers.
7. What wrds can be used t describe Parker accrding t the passage?
A. Straightfrward and generus.B. Respnsible and accessible.
C. Intelligent yet cnservative.D. Distinguished yet mdest.
C
（2023·江苏·高三第一届“七夕杯”高中英语能力检测试题）
Humans are pretty unique amng life n Earth. As far as we knw, we’re the nly living species t evlve the higher intelligence, wear clthes, ck ur fd, and even invent smartphnes. But what if humans suddenly went extinct? What ther animals might evlve t have the smarts and skills t create large,cmplex scieties as we have?
With mdern genetic technlgy and ur understanding f evlutin, “we’re pretty gd at making shrt-term predictins. “Martha Reiskind, an eclgist, tld Live Science. Fr example, we can predict that if humans were t disappear tmrrw, climate change wuld cntinue t drive many species t adapt t drught. And species living in cld areas wuld cntinue t struggle t live as well.
“A big thing will be the cncept f cnvergence.” Dugal Dixn, a gelgist, tld Live Science Cnvergence is an evlutinary prcess by which tw unrelated creatures develp similar features in rder t succeed in a particular envirnment. Fr example, with their sleek (光滑的) bdies and fins, fish are suitable fr living in water. Hwever, dlphins have evlved a very similar bdy plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blded, air-breathing animals with a ttally different evlutinary backgrund.
One feature that makes humans uniquely gd at building is ur skillful hands. In rder t fill the same rle as humans—that is, building cities and heavily mdifying ur envirnment—anther species wuld need t develp a similar ability t cntrl bjects. Other primates (灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. ur clsest living relatives, already can make tls in the wild. It’s pssible that if humans disappeared, they might replace us.
But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds. Birds are very brainy. Sme birds can use their feet t frm wire int hks. And trained African grey parrts can learn upwards f 100 wrds and d simple math, including understanding the cncept f zer. Birds can als gather in large grups, and sme even build grup nesting sites.
Of curse, all f these are predictins. Scientists have said it’s almst impssible t truly predict hw evlutin will unfld. As we g further and further ut, the predictin is less accurate. And it’s even mre difficult t predict whether anther species will develp human-level intelligence, Sme think that it culd happen. Others, hwever, are less ptimistic because they dn’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
8．Why des the authr mentin fish and dlphins in Para. 3?
A．T shw hw dlphins evlved
B．T explain what cnvergence is.
C．T shw the advantage f the fish shape
D．T explain the feature f animals living in water.
9．What d chimpanzees and sme birds have in cmmn?
A．The ability t make tlsB．The habit f grup living
C．The ability t d simple mathD．The clse relatinship with humans
10．Which animals might replace humans if a wrst disaster happened?
A．Sea animals.B．Chimpanzees
C．Birds.D．Dgs.
11．Which f the fllwing best describes the future f ther species filling the same rle as humans?
A．Hpeless.B．Challenging.
C．Prmising.D．Uncertain.
D
（2023·云南大理·校考三模）
Psychlgical stress is likely t surface during a human missin t Mars. Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. He is drawing n his research n the differing teambuilding appraches f cmpeting plar explrers Rald Amundsen and Rbert Falcn Sctt t prve his pint. Amundsen’s team made it t the Suth Ple and back while Sctt’s died n the return jurney.
Well, Rald Amundsen actually put peple thrugh tests befre they set ff t make sure that they wuld take rders and, in particular, whether they wuld challenge any f them. Amundsen wuld set up situatins where there wuld be an ambiguus cntext t see what their respnses wuld be, and if smebdy questined him, they were ut. Hwever, if yu read Amundsen’s diary, he writes that Lindstrøm, the ck, was basically the mst imprtant persn n the expeditin.
Lindstrøm was the cmedian. He didn’t actually g t the Suth Ple, but yu’ve gt t remember that the walking expeditin was a small cmpnent f the verall time that they were n the ice. They were there fr well ver a year, waiting t walk t the Ple. They had t wait during the winter and it’s a very tense time when peple are idle (懒散的). Lindstrøm played an essential rle in keeping the peace in the grup when there were tense mments, and he wuld d smething funny t get everybdy t laugh, which wuld break the tensin.
There are individuals wh have these certain natural abilities that yu want t be able t recgnize and include when yu’re putting tgether grups that are ging t be islated, such as thse ging int space. There are a number f different rles that we’ve discvered are imprtant, but ne f them is smebdy wh has humur. That’s clearly imprtant. S, yu’d want t have smebdy like Lindstrøm, smebdy wh is nt nly gd at what they have t d (he was a very gd ck) but wh als has anther skillset beynd what’s in the jb descriptin.
We can put peple tgether thinking that they’re ging t wrk tgether in a certain way, but ver the curse f time a crisis is bund t happen. There are the kinds f things that make grups mre adaptable and help them functin better. Yu can think abut it in terms f atms: when yu put different elements tgether, they prduce different kinds f things. It’s the same with peple. They may have their wn characteristics, but when yu put them tgether, they’re ging t create a different kind f situatin and we want t have a better idea f what that might be.
12．By cmparing Amundsen with Sctt, the authr intends t __________.
A．cntradict his previus statementsB．intrduce the tpic f the passage
C．illustrate the imprtance f a cmedianD．emphasize the necessity f team spirits
13．What was the very quality Amundsen was valuing in his interview?
A．Willingness t take rders.B．Optimism abut success.
C．Eagerness t make prgress.D．Curisity abut mysteries.
14．Fr what reasn was Lindstrøm regarded as a key figure n the expeditin?
A．He went against the cmmand f the Amundsen in every circumstance.
B．He culd make up many jkes abut ther team members t ease tensin.
C．Besides cking tasty dishes, he was capable f easing tensin when it arse.
D．When a vacancy appeared, he was always ready t fill it in and made it wrk.
15．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Cmedians, keys t landing n MarsB．Atms, rles f members in a team
C．Teamwrk, secret t verall successD．Amundsen, example fr grup leaders
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023·河北廊坊·高三文安县第一中学校联考期中）
Research suggests that parental favuritism is surprisingly cmmn, and can actually be very harmful. 16 . Widespread as it is, it can damage children’s well-being acrss the lifespan, frm their childhd t middle age and beynd. It is cnsidered such an imprtant factr in a range f emtinal prblems that psychlgists have a name fr it—“parental differential treatment”.
Hwever, siblings (兄弟姐妹) in the same family may disagree ver whether their family is even affected by it. 17 . Laurie Kramer, a prfessr f applied psychlgy says, “It is an experience that a parent prefers anther child t them.” She adds, “ 18 . It pssibly means less cntrl, s that they may enjy fewer restrictins and be subject t less discipline r even punishment.”
19 . Such perceived parental favuritism has been assciated with lw self-esteem in children, as well as childhd anxiety, depressin, and behaviural prblems. There may als be a knck-n effect n emtinal well-being that causes mre indirect prblems.
In a small Canadian study f eight hmeless teenagers, seven said they felt that their parents had favured a sibling ver them while they had always been the “prblem children”. 20 . While the study may be t small t draw wider cnclusins, it highlights just hw far a child’s experience f favuritism can ptentially g.
A．Being the favurite can als cme with pain
B．That’s because feeling less-favured can be very subjective
C．This culd mean devting mre time, attentin r affectin
D．They believed this had cntributed t the breakdwn f family ties
E．This may nt be the same bservatin that the ther siblings encunter
F．Fr thse wh feel they are treated as secnd-best, the cnsequences can be serius
G．It ccurs in arund 65% f families, and has been studied acrss different cultures
第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·河北邢台·宁晋中学高三模拟预测）
Ever since I was a by, I have been an active reader and dreamed t be a writer. I have read and been 1 by s many bks frm s many authrs. I think it may be ne f the reasns I started 2 myself. I even enjy hearing 3 abut ther authrs, because ften they can 4 us a lt as well.
I heard ne such stry the ther day that really made me stp and 5 . The tw famus authrs, Kurt Vnnegut and Jseph Heller were invited t a(n) 6 given by a billinaire at his hme. As the hst 7 his luxurius rms t his guests and the rare wrks f art he had cllected, Vnnegut said 8 t his friend Heller that the hst had prbably made mre mney in a single day than Heller had earned frm his mst 9 nvel ver its entire histry. Heller 10 back and said, “Yes, he prbably has, but I have smething he will never have—ENOUGH.”
What is enugh? Our sciety tells us that 11 is ever enugh: The messages and advertisements 12 us every day telling us t buy mre. The 13 f life, hwever, teach us differently. They say that if we have clthes t keep 14 , a rf ver ur heads, and lve frm peple arund us, we have enugh. It is up t us, thugh, t 15 it, and share it with the wrld.
1．A．astnishedB．cncernedC．cnfusedD．inspired
2．A．readingB．writingC．paintingD．carving
3．A．cmmentsB．intrductinsC．striesD．adventures
4．A．assignB．cmfrtC．prmiseD．teach
5．A．cmplainB．argueC．thinkD．predict
6．A．partyB．exhibitinC．cmpetitinD．lecture
7．A．shwed ffB．gave awayC．shut dwnD．pinted ut
8．A．seriuslyB．jkinglyC．deliberatelyD．happily
9．A．plainB．cmmnC．ppularD．shallw
10．A．lkedB．returnedC．jumpedD．smiled
11．A．nthingB．anythingC．everythingD．nbdy
12．A．abuseB．bmbC．changeD．charge
13．A．lessnsB．welfareC．destinatinsD．reward
14．A．healthyB．wealthyC．warmD．energetic
15．A．tlerateB．cmpleteC．abandnD．value
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2023·湖北·百校联考高三联考试题）
Breeding effrts at Shedd Aquarium (水族馆) are a big part f the cnservatin wrk that staff and researchers engage 1 and that means baby animals are brn at Shedd every day.
Accrding t senir aquarist Rachel Zak, 2 currently wrks with marine fish larvae (幼体) the aquariums acrss the cunty are actually wrking tgether n breeding effrts and 3 (share) their research with each ther.
Zak’s wrk in particular requires several 4 (level) f cultivatin (培养). In rder t breed the tiny rganisms that her newly hatched fish will eat, she first needs t cultivate the algae that thse tiny rganisms will eat. All f that wrk is perfrmed behind 5 scenes in the aquarium’s live fd area. Sme f the animal breeding happens in plain sight, thugh, especially fr Shedd’s large animals in the ceanarium.
Harmny, Shedd’s yungest dlphin, was brn nearly a year ag. And the staff 6 (watch) the entire birthing prcess frm in and arund the dlphins’ envirnment. “Her birth was incredible, I remember a lt abut it” said animal care 7 (special)Sheri Hendricks. 8 (frtunate), we did nt have t d much as trainers. Katrl (Harmny’s mther) is a really 9 (experience) and wnderful mm.
Frm dlphins t cuttlefish, fish larvae t sea-mnkeys, the new animals brn and 10 (raise) at Shedd everyday make fr an ever-changing landscape at Chicag’s wrld famus aquarium.
第【11】天 自我评测
日期
用时（建议60分钟内）
成绩（总分80分）
2024年 月 日
分钟
答案&解析
第二部分 阅读理解
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者应该是新手露营者。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.(多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及标题“Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?(露营小贴士：哪种过夜的野外体验适合你？)”和第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，不要再往下读了。这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可知，文章主要讲的是针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。由此推知，你可能在旅行板块一栏找到这篇文章。故选C项。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球物理学的领军人物，尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的 影响。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Parker revlutinized ur understanding f the sun and its effects n Earth and ther bdies within the slar system. (帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体的影响的认 识。)”以及“NASA even stated that “the field f heliphysics exists in large part because f Dr. Eugene Parker. (美 国宇航局甚至表示，“太阳物理学领域的存在在很大程度上要归功于尤金·帕克博士。”)”可知，帕克对整个 日球物理学领域做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his thery was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific cmmunity.(当帕克的研究成果于 1958 年发表时，他的理论最初 遭到了科学界的质疑和嘲笑。)”以及“The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an abslute vacuum(真空), and was thus cmpletely empty f any matter. (当时的普遍观点是，行星之间的空间是绝 对真空的，因此完全没有任何物质。)”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度，因为它违背了当 时的流行观点。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That experience likely led t the advice Parker ften gave yung researchers: “If yu d smething new r innvative, expect truble. But think critically abut it because if yu’re wrng, yu want t be the first ne t knw that.” (这段经历可能导致了帕克经常给年轻研究人员的建议：“如果你做了一 些新的或创新的事情，预计会有麻烦。但要批判性地思考，因为如果你错了，你想成为第一个知道这一点 的人。”)”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。
7 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed(誉为)as a visinary in the field f heliphysics, Parker revlutinized ur understanding f the sun and its effects n Earth and ther bdies within the slar system. (被誉为作为太阳物理 学领域的梦想家，帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体影响的理解。)”以及根据最后 一段中“Parker was humble, straightfrward, and wise.(帕克谦逊、直率、睿智。)”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。 故选D。
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章提出如果人类突然消失了，什么动物进化出智慧创造像我们一样庞大、复杂的社会这个问题，基于基因技术和对进化的理解，科学家们做出了短期预测。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘A big thing will be the cncept f cnvergence.” Dugal Dixn, a gelgist, tld Live Science Cnvergence is an evlutinary prcess by which tw unrelated creatures develp similar features in rder t succeed in a particular envirnment. Fr example, with their sleek(光滑的)bdies and fins, fish are suitable fr living in water. Hwever, dlphins have evlved a very similar bdy plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blded, air-breathing animals with a ttally different evlutinary backgrund.（“融合的概念将是一件大事。”地质学家杜格尔·迪克森告诉《生活科学》杂志，趋同是一种进化过程，两种不相关的生物发展出相似的特征，以便在特定的环境中取得成功。例如，鱼有光滑的身体和鳍，适合生活在水中。然而，海豚进化出了非常相似的身体结构——与鱼类不同的是，它们是温血动物，呼吸空气，有着完全不同的进化背景。）”可知，作者先介绍了 cnvergcnce 这一概念，即两种不相关的生物进化出相似的特征以求在某种特定环境中生存。然后，作者以海豚进化出鱼类的身形为例来说明这一概念。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“Other primates(灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. ur clsest living relatives, already can make tls in the wild.（其他灵长类动物，如黑猩猩。我们现存的近亲，已经可以在野外制造工具了。）”和第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds.Birds are very brainy.Sme birds can use their feet t frm wire int hks. （但是，任何足以毁灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就留下了另一种工具来填补人类的位置：鸟类。鸟很聪明，有些鸟能用脚把铁丝做成钩子。）”可知，黑猩猩可以在野外制造工具，鸟类也可以，比如有的鸟类能够用爪子将金属丝弯成钩子。因此，两者的共同点是都能制造工具。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds.（但是，任何足以毁灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就留下了另一种工具来填补人类的位置：鸟类。）”可知，当特大灾难致使人类和黑猩猩都灭绝后，能够使用工具的鸟类有可能代替人类的位置。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of curse, all f these are predictins. Scientists have said it’s almst impssible t truly predict hw evlutin will unfld. As we g further and further ut, the predictin is less accurate. And it’s even mre difficult t predict whether anther species will develp human-level intelligence, Sme think that it culd happen. Others, hwever, are less ptimistic because they dn’t think nature will make mistakes twice.（当然，所有这些都是预测。科学家们表示，要真正预测进化将如何展开几乎是不可能的。随着我们越走越远，预测就越不准确。更难预测的是另一个物种是否会发展出人类水平的智力，有些人认为这是可能发生的。然而，其他人则不那么乐观，因为他们认为大自然不会犯两次错误。）”可知，未来的其他物种能否扮演与人类相同的角色？有的人认为这是可能的，而有的人则对此持消极态度。因此，智能生物的未来是不确定的。故选D。
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．C 15．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是在人类的火星任务中，杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。“喜剧演员”成为了登陆火星的关键。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段的Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. He is drawing n his research n the differing team building appraches f cmpeting plar explrers Rald Amundsen and Rbert Falcn Sctt t prve his pint. 杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一个在船（或飞机、车）上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。他利用自己对极地探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森(Rald Amundsen)和罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特(Rbert Falcn Sctt)不同团队建设方法的研究来证明自己的观点。由此可以推知，通过比较阿蒙森和斯科特，作者试图说明“喜剧演员”的重要性。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的Well, Rald Amundsen actually put peple thrugh tests befre they set ff t make sure that they wuld take rders罗尔德·阿蒙森(Rald Amundsen)让人们在出发前进行测试，以确保他们会接受命令，由此可知，阿蒙森在面试中看重的品质是愿意接受命令，故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段的Lindstrøm, the ck, was basically the mst imprtant persn n the expeditin.可知Lindstrøm是一个厨师，以及第三段的Lindstrøm played an essential rle in keeping the peace in the grup when there were tense mments, and he wuld d smething funny t get everybdy t laugh, which wuld break the tensin. Lindstrøm在团队里在保持平静这方面扮演了一个至关重要的角色，当面对紧张时刻时，他会做一些有趣的让每个人都笑，将这紧张打破。Lindstrøm被视为一个关键人物是因为除了烹饪美味佳肴，他还能在紧张情绪出现时缓解紧张情绪。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的Psychlgical stress is likely t surface during a human missin t Mars. Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. 在人类的火星任务中，心理压力很可能会浮出水面。杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。可知“喜剧演员”，登上火星的关键可以是文章最好的标题，故选A。
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．C 19．F 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家长的偏爱会对孩子产生不良的影响。
16．上文“Research suggests that parental favuritism is surprisingly cmmn, and can actually be very harmful. (研究表明，父母的偏爱非常普遍，而且实际上可能非常有害。)”说明父母的偏爱既普遍又有害，选项G“它发生在大约65%的家庭中，并且已经在不同的文化中进行了研究”承接上文，具体说明它的普遍性。选项中It指上文中parental favuritism，语义一致，故选G项。
17．上文“Hwever, siblings (兄弟姐妹) in the same family may disagree ver whether their family is even affected by it. (然而，同一家庭的兄弟姐妹可能会对他们的家庭是否受到偏爱的影响意见不一。)”说明同一家庭的兄弟姐妹会对家庭偏爱的影响意见不一，这是孩子的主观意识。选项B“那是因为感觉不那么受欢迎是非常主观的”承接上文，和上文之间是因果关系。故选B项。
18．上文“It is an experience that a parent prefers anther child t them. (这是一种父母更喜欢另一个孩子而不是自己的经历。)”谈到偏爱的经历，选项C“这可能意味着投入更多的时间、精力或感情”承接上文，是对这种经历的具体说明，所谓偏爱意味着父母对某个孩子投入更多。故选C项。
19．下文“Such perceived parental favuritism has been assciated with lw self-esteem in children, as well as childhd anxiety, depressin, and behaviural prblems. (这种感知到的父母偏袒与儿童的低自尊、儿童焦虑、抑郁和行为问题有关。)”说明了孩子不受待见的不良后果，选项F“对于那些觉得自己被置于次要位置的人来说，后果可能很严重”引领下文，说明父母偏爱对于被认为自己不是父母的最爱的孩子有严重后果。故选F项。
20．上文“In a small Canadian study f eight hmeless teenagers, seven said they felt that their parents had favured a sibling ver them while they had always been the ‘prblem children’. (在加拿大对8名无家可归的青少年进行的一项小型研究中，有7人表示，他们觉得自己的父母更偏爱兄弟姐妹，而他们一直是‘问题儿童’。)”说明一些无家可归的青少年之所以离开家庭是因为他们认为父母偏爱其他兄弟姐妹，选项D“他们认为这导致了家庭关系的破裂”承接上文，说明他们认为父母偏爱导致了家庭破裂。故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，作者讲述了自己读了很多书深受启发，其中一则故事让作者感悟到什么是足够，要珍惜赋予我们的一切。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我读过这么多作家写的这么多书，并深受启发。A. astnished使震惊；B. cncerned关心；C. cnfused使困惑；D. inspired启发。根据下文“I think it may be ne f the reasns I started ____2____ myself”可知，作者受到启发。故选D项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想这可能是我自己开始写作的原因之一。A. reading阅读；B. writing写作；C. painting绘画；D. carving雕刻。根据上文“Ever since I was a by, I have been an active reader and dreamed t be a writer.”可知，作者读的书多，受到启发也开始写作。故选B项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我甚至喜欢听其他作家的故事，因为他们也经常教给我们许多。A. cmments评论；B. intrductins介绍；C. stries故事；D. adventures冒险。根据下文“I heard ne such stry the ther day that really made me stp and __5__”可知，作者喜欢听其他作者的故事。故选C项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. assign分配；B. cmfrt舒适；C. prmise承诺；D. teach教。根据下文“The ____13____ f life, hwever, teach us differently.”可知，故事能教给我们很多事情。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：前几天我听到一个这样的故事，它真的让我停下来思考。A. cmplain抱怨；B. argue争论；C. think想；D. predict预测。根据下文“It is up t us, thugh, t ____15____ it, and share it with the wrld.”可知， 作者对这个故事有所思考。故选C项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两位著名的作家，库尔特·冯内古特和约瑟夫·海勒，被邀请参加一个由亿万富翁在他家举办的聚会。A. party晚会；B. exhibitin展览；C. cmpetitin竞争；D. lecture演讲。根据下文“As the hst ____7____ his luxurius rms t his guests and the rare wrks f art he had cllected,”可知，这位富翁在家里举办晚会。故选A项。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上题。A. shwed ff炫耀；B. gave away泄露；C. shut dwn关闭；D. pinted ut指出。根据下文“his luxurius rms t his guests and the rare wrks f art he had cllected,”可知，这位富翁是在炫耀。故选A项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当主人向他的客人炫耀他的奢华豪宅并吹嘘他收集的稀有艺术作品时，冯内古特对他的朋友海勒开玩笑说，主人在一天内赚的钱可能比海勒在其整个历史上最受欢迎的小说中赚的钱还多。A. seriusly严重地；B. jkingly开玩笑地；C. deliberately故意地；D. happily高兴地。根据下文“the hst had prbably made mre mney in a single day than Heller had earned frm his mst ___9____ nvel ver its entire histry.”可知，这是开玩笑说的话。故选B项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. plain简单的，朴素的；B. cmmn普通的；C. ppular流行的，受欢迎的；D. shallw浅的。根据下文“nvel ver its entire histry”可知，这里是拿他整个写作史上最受欢迎的小说的收入作比较。故选C项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海勒微笑着回答说：“是的，他可能是（挣了很多前），但我有他永远不会有的东西——足够”。A. lked看；B. returned返回；C. jumped跳；D. smiled微笑。根据上文“the hst had prbably made mre mney in a single day than Heller had earned frm his mst ___9__ nvel ver its entire histry.”可知，此处是开玩笑，海勒也以微笑回应。故选D项。
11．考查代词词义辨析。句意：什么是足够的？我们的社会告诉我们，没有什么是足够的。A. nthing没有东西；B. anything任何东西；C. everything所有东西；D. nbdy没有人。根据下文“The messages and advertisements __12__ us every day telling us t buy mre.”可知，信息和广告每天告诉我们去买越来越多的东西，说明没有东西是足够的。故选A项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：信息和广告每天轰炸我们，告诉我们去买越来越多的东西。A. abuse虐待；B. bmb轰炸；C. change改变；D. charge要价。根据下文“every day telling us t buy mre”可知，广告和信息狂轰乱炸，鼓动人们买东西，说明广告多。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，生活的课程教导我们不同。A. lessns课程；B. welfare福利；C. destinatins目的地；D. reward奖励。根据下文“teach us differently”可知，此处lessns“课程”与动词teach相对应。故选A项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们说如果我们身上有衣服保暖，那我们就足够了。A. healthy健康的；B. wealthy富有的；C. warm 温暖的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文“clthes”可知衣服是用来保暖的。故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这取决于我们来珍惜它，并与世界分享它。A. tlerate容忍；B. cmplete 完成；C. abandn放弃；D. value珍惜。根据前文“They say that if we have clthes t keep ____14____ , a rf ver ur heads, and lve frm peple arund us, we have enugh”可知，对于生活赋予我们的一切，我们应当珍惜。故选D项。
【答案】1．in 2．wh 3．sharing 4．levels 5．the 6．watched 7．specialist 8．Frtunately 9．experienced 10．raised
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谢德水族馆的动物繁殖与保育工作。
1．考查介词。句意：谢德水族馆的繁殖工作是工作人员和研究人员所从事的保护工作的重要组成部分，这意味着每天都有小动物在谢德出生。动词短语engage in表示“从事，参加”，符合句意。故填in。
2．考查定语从句。句意：据高级水族馆管理员瑞秋·扎克说，她目前正在研究海鱼幼虫，全国各地的水族馆实际上正在共同努力繁殖，并相互分享他们的研究成果。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是“Rachel Zak”，指人，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
3．考查动词时态。句意：据高级水族馆管理员瑞秋·扎克说，她目前正在研究海鱼幼虫，全国各地的水族馆实际上正在共同努力繁殖，并相互分享他们的研究成果。分析句子结构可知，“wrking tgether n breeding effrts”和“__3___their research with each ther”是并列关系，共用be动词“are”，构成现在进行时。故填sharing。
4．考查名词。句意：扎克的工作尤其需要几个层次的培养。根据“several”可知，空处需填名词复数。故填levels。
5．考查冠词。句意：所有这些工作都是幕后在水族馆的活体食物区进行的。此处表特指，应用定冠词，behind the scenes表示“在幕后，在后台”。故填the。
6．考查动词时态。句意：工作人员从海豚的环境内外观察整个生产过程。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填watched。
7．考查名词。句意：动物护理专家谢里•亨德里克斯说：“她的出生令人难以置信，我记得很多关于它的事情。”根据“animal care”及人名“Sheri Hendricks”可知，空处需填单数名词，special作形容词，表示“特别的，特殊的”，specialist作名词，表示“专家”符合句意。故填specialist。
8．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，作为教练我们不需要做太多事情。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Frtunately。
9．考查形容词。句意：卡特尔（哈默尼的母亲）是一位非常有经验的好妈妈。根据“and wnderful mm”可知，空处需填形容词修饰名词，experienced作形容词，表示“有经验的”符合句意。故填experienced。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：从海豚到墨鱼，从鱼苗到海猴，每天在谢德出生和饲养的新动物构成了芝加哥举世闻名的水族馆不断变化的景观。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“make”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“the new animals”和“raise”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填raised。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a secluded shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
1. Wh are the intended readers?
A. Red-blded males. B. White-cllar staff. C. Blue-blded turists.D. Green-hand campers.
2. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the mst ecnmic way t experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
D. Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
3. In which clumn will yu find this passage?
A. Feature.B. Style.C. Travel.D. Entertainment.
B
(2023·江苏镇江·第一中学统考二模)
Eugene Newman Parker, a leading figure in helispheric (日球层的) physics fr the past half century, passed away peacefully at his hme in Chicag n Mar. 15. He was 94.
Hailed (誉为) as a visinary in the field f heliphysics, Parker revlutinized ur understanding f the sun and its effects n Earth and ther bdies within the slar system. NASA even stated that “the field f heliphysics exists in large part because f Dr. Eugene Parker. In 2018, Parker became the first living scientist t witness the launch f a spacecraft that was named in his hnr.
Parker is best knwn fr his grundbreaking thery n the existence f a phenmenn called “slar wind”, a cntinuus stream f charged particles that flw ff the sun. It can becme vilent, causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his thery was initially met with skepticism (怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific cmmunity. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an abslute vacuum (真空), and was thus cmpletely empty f any matter. But, there were n errrs in his study r his calculatins, and the thery was later prven t be crrect in 1962, when a NASA spacecraft missin t Venus revealed the cnstant presence f a supersnic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led t the advice Parker ften gave yung researchers: “If yu d smething new r innvative, expect truble. But think critically abut it because if yu’re wrng, yu want t be the first ne t knw that.” Parker never c-authred a paper with his students, thus urging them t be independent.
Parker was humble, straightfrward, and wise. His sn Eric said, “My sister Jyce and I didn’t get a real feel fr what a ‘big dg’ ur dad was in the field.” They gt an even better sense when a mnth after Parker’s death, they traveled t Lund, Sweden, t accept n his behalf the Crafrd Prize in Astrnmy.
4. What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A. A spacecraft was named in memry f Parker.
B. The sun has less effects n Earth than expected.
C. Parker deserved credit fr his great cntributins.
D. NASA prvided new insights int the lunar effect.
5. Why did peple view Parker’s thery f “slar wind” skeptically at first?
A. It went against the ppular pinin at that time.
B. Sme mistakes were fund in his calculatins.
C. The presence f a supersnic wind was prven by NASA.
D. Matter was believed t exist in the space between planets.
6. What did Parker suggest yung researchers d?
A. Seek clse cperatin.B. Avid high expectatins.
C. Learn by trial and errr.D. Cmpete against thers.
7. What wrds can be used t describe Parker accrding t the passage?
A. Straightfrward and generus.B. Respnsible and accessible.
C. Intelligent yet cnservative.D. Distinguished yet mdest.
C
（2023·江苏·高三第一届“七夕杯”高中英语能力检测试题）
Humans are pretty unique amng life n Earth. As far as we knw, we’re the nly living species t evlve the higher intelligence, wear clthes, ck ur fd, and even invent smartphnes. But what if humans suddenly went extinct? What ther animals might evlve t have the smarts and skills t create large,cmplex scieties as we have?
With mdern genetic technlgy and ur understanding f evlutin, “we’re pretty gd at making shrt-term predictins. “Martha Reiskind, an eclgist, tld Live Science. Fr example, we can predict that if humans were t disappear tmrrw, climate change wuld cntinue t drive many species t adapt t drught. And species living in cld areas wuld cntinue t struggle t live as well.
“A big thing will be the cncept f cnvergence.” Dugal Dixn, a gelgist, tld Live Science Cnvergence is an evlutinary prcess by which tw unrelated creatures develp similar features in rder t succeed in a particular envirnment. Fr example, with their sleek (光滑的) bdies and fins, fish are suitable fr living in water. Hwever, dlphins have evlved a very similar bdy plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blded, air-breathing animals with a ttally different evlutinary backgrund.
One feature that makes humans uniquely gd at building is ur skillful hands. In rder t fill the same rle as humans—that is, building cities and heavily mdifying ur envirnment—anther species wuld need t develp a similar ability t cntrl bjects. Other primates (灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. ur clsest living relatives, already can make tls in the wild. It’s pssible that if humans disappeared, they might replace us.
But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds. Birds are very brainy. Sme birds can use their feet t frm wire int hks. And trained African grey parrts can learn upwards f 100 wrds and d simple math, including understanding the cncept f zer. Birds can als gather in large grups, and sme even build grup nesting sites.
Of curse, all f these are predictins. Scientists have said it’s almst impssible t truly predict hw evlutin will unfld. As we g further and further ut, the predictin is less accurate. And it’s even mre difficult t predict whether anther species will develp human-level intelligence, Sme think that it culd happen. Others, hwever, are less ptimistic because they dn’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
8．Why des the authr mentin fish and dlphins in Para. 3?
A．T shw hw dlphins evlved
B．T explain what cnvergence is.
C．T shw the advantage f the fish shape
D．T explain the feature f animals living in water.
9．What d chimpanzees and sme birds have in cmmn?
A．The ability t make tlsB．The habit f grup living
C．The ability t d simple mathD．The clse relatinship with humans
10．Which animals might replace humans if a wrst disaster happened?
A．Sea animals.B．Chimpanzees
C．Birds.D．Dgs.
11．Which f the fllwing best describes the future f ther species filling the same rle as humans?
A．Hpeless.B．Challenging.
C．Prmising.D．Uncertain.
D
（2023·云南大理·校考三模）
Psychlgical stress is likely t surface during a human missin t Mars. Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. He is drawing n his research n the differing teambuilding appraches f cmpeting plar explrers Rald Amundsen and Rbert Falcn Sctt t prve his pint. Amundsen’s team made it t the Suth Ple and back while Sctt’s died n the return jurney.
Well, Rald Amundsen actually put peple thrugh tests befre they set ff t make sure that they wuld take rders and, in particular, whether they wuld challenge any f them. Amundsen wuld set up situatins where there wuld be an ambiguus cntext t see what their respnses wuld be, and if smebdy questined him, they were ut. Hwever, if yu read Amundsen’s diary, he writes that Lindstrøm, the ck, was basically the mst imprtant persn n the expeditin.
Lindstrøm was the cmedian. He didn’t actually g t the Suth Ple, but yu’ve gt t remember that the walking expeditin was a small cmpnent f the verall time that they were n the ice. They were there fr well ver a year, waiting t walk t the Ple. They had t wait during the winter and it’s a very tense time when peple are idle (懒散的). Lindstrøm played an essential rle in keeping the peace in the grup when there were tense mments, and he wuld d smething funny t get everybdy t laugh, which wuld break the tensin.
There are individuals wh have these certain natural abilities that yu want t be able t recgnize and include when yu’re putting tgether grups that are ging t be islated, such as thse ging int space. There are a number f different rles that we’ve discvered are imprtant, but ne f them is smebdy wh has humur. That’s clearly imprtant. S, yu’d want t have smebdy like Lindstrøm, smebdy wh is nt nly gd at what they have t d (he was a very gd ck) but wh als has anther skillset beynd what’s in the jb descriptin.
We can put peple tgether thinking that they’re ging t wrk tgether in a certain way, but ver the curse f time a crisis is bund t happen. There are the kinds f things that make grups mre adaptable and help them functin better. Yu can think abut it in terms f atms: when yu put different elements tgether, they prduce different kinds f things. It’s the same with peple. They may have their wn characteristics, but when yu put them tgether, they’re ging t create a different kind f situatin and we want t have a better idea f what that might be.
12．By cmparing Amundsen with Sctt, the authr intends t __________.
A．cntradict his previus statementsB．intrduce the tpic f the passage
C．illustrate the imprtance f a cmedianD．emphasize the necessity f team spirits
13．What was the very quality Amundsen was valuing in his interview?
A．Willingness t take rders.B．Optimism abut success.
C．Eagerness t make prgress.D．Curisity abut mysteries.
14．Fr what reasn was Lindstrøm regarded as a key figure n the expeditin?
A．He went against the cmmand f the Amundsen in every circumstance.
B．He culd make up many jkes abut ther team members t ease tensin.
C．Besides cking tasty dishes, he was capable f easing tensin when it arse.
D．When a vacancy appeared, he was always ready t fill it in and made it wrk.
15．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Cmedians, keys t landing n MarsB．Atms, rles f members in a team
C．Teamwrk, secret t verall successD．Amundsen, example fr grup leaders
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023·河北廊坊·高三文安县第一中学校联考期中）
Research suggests that parental favuritism is surprisingly cmmn, and can actually be very harmful. 16 . Widespread as it is, it can damage children’s well-being acrss the lifespan, frm their childhd t middle age and beynd. It is cnsidered such an imprtant factr in a range f emtinal prblems that psychlgists have a name fr it—“parental differential treatment”.
Hwever, siblings (兄弟姐妹) in the same family may disagree ver whether their family is even affected by it. 17 . Laurie Kramer, a prfessr f applied psychlgy says, “It is an experience that a parent prefers anther child t them.” She adds, “ 18 . It pssibly means less cntrl, s that they may enjy fewer restrictins and be subject t less discipline r even punishment.”
19 . Such perceived parental favuritism has been assciated with lw self-esteem in children, as well as childhd anxiety, depressin, and behaviural prblems. There may als be a knck-n effect n emtinal well-being that causes mre indirect prblems.
In a small Canadian study f eight hmeless teenagers, seven said they felt that their parents had favured a sibling ver them while they had always been the “prblem children”. 20 . While the study may be t small t draw wider cnclusins, it highlights just hw far a child’s experience f favuritism can ptentially g.
A．Being the favurite can als cme with pain
B．That’s because feeling less-favured can be very subjective
C．This culd mean devting mre time, attentin r affectin
D．They believed this had cntributed t the breakdwn f family ties
E．This may nt be the same bservatin that the ther siblings encunter
F．Fr thse wh feel they are treated as secnd-best, the cnsequences can be serius
G．It ccurs in arund 65% f families, and has been studied acrss different cultures
第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·河北邢台·宁晋中学高三模拟预测）
Ever since I was a by, I have been an active reader and dreamed t be a writer. I have read and been 1 by s many bks frm s many authrs. I think it may be ne f the reasns I started 2 myself. I even enjy hearing 3 abut ther authrs, because ften they can 4 us a lt as well.
I heard ne such stry the ther day that really made me stp and 5 . The tw famus authrs, Kurt Vnnegut and Jseph Heller were invited t a(n) 6 given by a billinaire at his hme. As the hst 7 his luxurius rms t his guests and the rare wrks f art he had cllected, Vnnegut said 8 t his friend Heller that the hst had prbably made mre mney in a single day than Heller had earned frm his mst 9 nvel ver its entire histry. Heller 10 back and said, “Yes, he prbably has, but I have smething he will never have—ENOUGH.”
What is enugh? Our sciety tells us that 11 is ever enugh: The messages and advertisements 12 us every day telling us t buy mre. The 13 f life, hwever, teach us differently. They say that if we have clthes t keep 14 , a rf ver ur heads, and lve frm peple arund us, we have enugh. It is up t us, thugh, t 15 it, and share it with the wrld.
1．A．astnishedB．cncernedC．cnfusedD．inspired
2．A．readingB．writingC．paintingD．carving
3．A．cmmentsB．intrductinsC．striesD．adventures
4．A．assignB．cmfrtC．prmiseD．teach
5．A．cmplainB．argueC．thinkD．predict
6．A．partyB．exhibitinC．cmpetitinD．lecture
7．A．shwed ffB．gave awayC．shut dwnD．pinted ut
8．A．seriuslyB．jkinglyC．deliberatelyD．happily
9．A．plainB．cmmnC．ppularD．shallw
10．A．lkedB．returnedC．jumpedD．smiled
11．A．nthingB．anythingC．everythingD．nbdy
12．A．abuseB．bmbC．changeD．charge
13．A．lessnsB．welfareC．destinatinsD．reward
14．A．healthyB．wealthyC．warmD．energetic
15．A．tlerateB．cmpleteC．abandnD．value
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2023·湖北·百校联考高三联考试题）
Breeding effrts at Shedd Aquarium (水族馆) are a big part f the cnservatin wrk that staff and researchers engage 1 and that means baby animals are brn at Shedd every day.
Accrding t senir aquarist Rachel Zak, 2 currently wrks with marine fish larvae (幼体) the aquariums acrss the cunty are actually wrking tgether n breeding effrts and 3 (share) their research with each ther.
Zak’s wrk in particular requires several 4 (level) f cultivatin (培养). In rder t breed the tiny rganisms that her newly hatched fish will eat, she first needs t cultivate the algae that thse tiny rganisms will eat. All f that wrk is perfrmed behind 5 scenes in the aquarium’s live fd area. Sme f the animal breeding happens in plain sight, thugh, especially fr Shedd’s large animals in the ceanarium.
Harmny, Shedd’s yungest dlphin, was brn nearly a year ag. And the staff 6 (watch) the entire birthing prcess frm in and arund the dlphins’ envirnment. “Her birth was incredible, I remember a lt abut it” said animal care 7 (special)Sheri Hendricks. 8 (frtunate), we did nt have t d much as trainers. Katrl (Harmny’s mther) is a really 9 (experience) and wnderful mm.
Frm dlphins t cuttlefish, fish larvae t sea-mnkeys, the new animals brn and 10 (raise) at Shedd everyday make fr an ever-changing landscape at Chicag’s wrld famus aquarium.
第【11】天 自我评测
日期
用时（建议60分钟内）
成绩（总分80分）
2024年 月 日
分钟
答案&解析
第二部分 阅读理解
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者应该是新手露营者。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.(多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及标题“Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?(露营小贴士：哪种过夜的野外体验适合你？)”和第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，不要再往下读了。这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可知，文章主要讲的是针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。由此推知，你可能在旅行板块一栏找到这篇文章。故选C项。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球物理学的领军人物，尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的 影响。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Parker revlutinized ur understanding f the sun and its effects n Earth and ther bdies within the slar system. (帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体的影响的认 识。)”以及“NASA even stated that “the field f heliphysics exists in large part because f Dr. Eugene Parker. (美 国宇航局甚至表示，“太阳物理学领域的存在在很大程度上要归功于尤金·帕克博士。”)”可知，帕克对整个 日球物理学领域做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his thery was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific cmmunity.(当帕克的研究成果于 1958 年发表时，他的理论最初 遭到了科学界的质疑和嘲笑。)”以及“The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an abslute vacuum(真空), and was thus cmpletely empty f any matter. (当时的普遍观点是，行星之间的空间是绝 对真空的，因此完全没有任何物质。)”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度，因为它违背了当 时的流行观点。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That experience likely led t the advice Parker ften gave yung researchers: “If yu d smething new r innvative, expect truble. But think critically abut it because if yu’re wrng, yu want t be the first ne t knw that.” (这段经历可能导致了帕克经常给年轻研究人员的建议：“如果你做了一 些新的或创新的事情，预计会有麻烦。但要批判性地思考，因为如果你错了，你想成为第一个知道这一点 的人。”)”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。
7 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed(誉为)as a visinary in the field f heliphysics, Parker revlutinized ur understanding f the sun and its effects n Earth and ther bdies within the slar system. (被誉为作为太阳物理 学领域的梦想家，帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体影响的理解。)”以及根据最后 一段中“Parker was humble, straightfrward, and wise.(帕克谦逊、直率、睿智。)”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。 故选D。
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章提出如果人类突然消失了，什么动物进化出智慧创造像我们一样庞大、复杂的社会这个问题，基于基因技术和对进化的理解，科学家们做出了短期预测。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘A big thing will be the cncept f cnvergence.” Dugal Dixn, a gelgist, tld Live Science Cnvergence is an evlutinary prcess by which tw unrelated creatures develp similar features in rder t succeed in a particular envirnment. Fr example, with their sleek(光滑的)bdies and fins, fish are suitable fr living in water. Hwever, dlphins have evlved a very similar bdy plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blded, air-breathing animals with a ttally different evlutinary backgrund.（“融合的概念将是一件大事。”地质学家杜格尔·迪克森告诉《生活科学》杂志，趋同是一种进化过程，两种不相关的生物发展出相似的特征，以便在特定的环境中取得成功。例如，鱼有光滑的身体和鳍，适合生活在水中。然而，海豚进化出了非常相似的身体结构——与鱼类不同的是，它们是温血动物，呼吸空气，有着完全不同的进化背景。）”可知，作者先介绍了 cnvergcnce 这一概念，即两种不相关的生物进化出相似的特征以求在某种特定环境中生存。然后，作者以海豚进化出鱼类的身形为例来说明这一概念。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“Other primates(灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. ur clsest living relatives, already can make tls in the wild.（其他灵长类动物，如黑猩猩。我们现存的近亲，已经可以在野外制造工具了。）”和第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds.Birds are very brainy.Sme birds can use their feet t frm wire int hks. （但是，任何足以毁灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就留下了另一种工具来填补人类的位置：鸟类。鸟很聪明，有些鸟能用脚把铁丝做成钩子。）”可知，黑猩猩可以在野外制造工具，鸟类也可以，比如有的鸟类能够用爪子将金属丝弯成钩子。因此，两者的共同点是都能制造工具。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds.（但是，任何足以毁灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就留下了另一种工具来填补人类的位置：鸟类。）”可知，当特大灾难致使人类和黑猩猩都灭绝后，能够使用工具的鸟类有可能代替人类的位置。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of curse, all f these are predictins. Scientists have said it’s almst impssible t truly predict hw evlutin will unfld. As we g further and further ut, the predictin is less accurate. And it’s even mre difficult t predict whether anther species will develp human-level intelligence, Sme think that it culd happen. Others, hwever, are less ptimistic because they dn’t think nature will make mistakes twice.（当然，所有这些都是预测。科学家们表示，要真正预测进化将如何展开几乎是不可能的。随着我们越走越远，预测就越不准确。更难预测的是另一个物种是否会发展出人类水平的智力，有些人认为这是可能发生的。然而，其他人则不那么乐观，因为他们认为大自然不会犯两次错误。）”可知，未来的其他物种能否扮演与人类相同的角色？有的人认为这是可能的，而有的人则对此持消极态度。因此，智能生物的未来是不确定的。故选D。
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．C 15．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是在人类的火星任务中，杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。“喜剧演员”成为了登陆火星的关键。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段的Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. He is drawing n his research n the differing team building appraches f cmpeting plar explrers Rald Amundsen and Rbert Falcn Sctt t prve his pint. 杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一个在船（或飞机、车）上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。他利用自己对极地探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森(Rald Amundsen)和罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特(Rbert Falcn Sctt)不同团队建设方法的研究来证明自己的观点。由此可以推知，通过比较阿蒙森和斯科特，作者试图说明“喜剧演员”的重要性。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的Well, Rald Amundsen actually put peple thrugh tests befre they set ff t make sure that they wuld take rders罗尔德·阿蒙森(Rald Amundsen)让人们在出发前进行测试，以确保他们会接受命令，由此可知，阿蒙森在面试中看重的品质是愿意接受命令，故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段的Lindstrøm, the ck, was basically the mst imprtant persn n the expeditin.可知Lindstrøm是一个厨师，以及第三段的Lindstrøm played an essential rle in keeping the peace in the grup when there were tense mments, and he wuld d smething funny t get everybdy t laugh, which wuld break the tensin. Lindstrøm在团队里在保持平静这方面扮演了一个至关重要的角色，当面对紧张时刻时，他会做一些有趣的让每个人都笑，将这紧张打破。Lindstrøm被视为一个关键人物是因为除了烹饪美味佳肴，他还能在紧张情绪出现时缓解紧张情绪。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的Psychlgical stress is likely t surface during a human missin t Mars. Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. 在人类的火星任务中，心理压力很可能会浮出水面。杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。可知“喜剧演员”，登上火星的关键可以是文章最好的标题，故选A。
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．C 19．F 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家长的偏爱会对孩子产生不良的影响。
16．上文“Research suggests that parental favuritism is surprisingly cmmn, and can actually be very harmful. (研究表明，父母的偏爱非常普遍，而且实际上可能非常有害。)”说明父母的偏爱既普遍又有害，选项G“它发生在大约65%的家庭中，并且已经在不同的文化中进行了研究”承接上文，具体说明它的普遍性。选项中It指上文中parental favuritism，语义一致，故选G项。
17．上文“Hwever, siblings (兄弟姐妹) in the same family may disagree ver whether their family is even affected by it. (然而，同一家庭的兄弟姐妹可能会对他们的家庭是否受到偏爱的影响意见不一。)”说明同一家庭的兄弟姐妹会对家庭偏爱的影响意见不一，这是孩子的主观意识。选项B“那是因为感觉不那么受欢迎是非常主观的”承接上文，和上文之间是因果关系。故选B项。
18．上文“It is an experience that a parent prefers anther child t them. (这是一种父母更喜欢另一个孩子而不是自己的经历。)”谈到偏爱的经历，选项C“这可能意味着投入更多的时间、精力或感情”承接上文，是对这种经历的具体说明，所谓偏爱意味着父母对某个孩子投入更多。故选C项。
19．下文“Such perceived parental favuritism has been assciated with lw self-esteem in children, as well as childhd anxiety, depressin, and behaviural prblems. (这种感知到的父母偏袒与儿童的低自尊、儿童焦虑、抑郁和行为问题有关。)”说明了孩子不受待见的不良后果，选项F“对于那些觉得自己被置于次要位置的人来说，后果可能很严重”引领下文，说明父母偏爱对于被认为自己不是父母的最爱的孩子有严重后果。故选F项。
20．上文“In a small Canadian study f eight hmeless teenagers, seven said they felt that their parents had favured a sibling ver them while they had always been the ‘prblem children’. (在加拿大对8名无家可归的青少年进行的一项小型研究中，有7人表示，他们觉得自己的父母更偏爱兄弟姐妹，而他们一直是‘问题儿童’。)”说明一些无家可归的青少年之所以离开家庭是因为他们认为父母偏爱其他兄弟姐妹，选项D“他们认为这导致了家庭关系的破裂”承接上文，说明他们认为父母偏爱导致了家庭破裂。故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，作者讲述了自己读了很多书深受启发，其中一则故事让作者感悟到什么是足够，要珍惜赋予我们的一切。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我读过这么多作家写的这么多书，并深受启发。A. astnished使震惊；B. cncerned关心；C. cnfused使困惑；D. inspired启发。根据下文“I think it may be ne f the reasns I started ____2____ myself”可知，作者受到启发。故选D项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想这可能是我自己开始写作的原因之一。A. reading阅读；B. writing写作；C. painting绘画；D. carving雕刻。根据上文“Ever since I was a by, I have been an active reader and dreamed t be a writer.”可知，作者读的书多，受到启发也开始写作。故选B项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我甚至喜欢听其他作家的故事，因为他们也经常教给我们许多。A. cmments评论；B. intrductins介绍；C. stries故事；D. adventures冒险。根据下文“I heard ne such stry the ther day that really made me stp and __5__”可知，作者喜欢听其他作者的故事。故选C项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. assign分配；B. cmfrt舒适；C. prmise承诺；D. teach教。根据下文“The ____13____ f life, hwever, teach us differently.”可知，故事能教给我们很多事情。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：前几天我听到一个这样的故事，它真的让我停下来思考。A. cmplain抱怨；B. argue争论；C. think想；D. predict预测。根据下文“It is up t us, thugh, t ____15____ it, and share it with the wrld.”可知， 作者对这个故事有所思考。故选C项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两位著名的作家，库尔特·冯内古特和约瑟夫·海勒，被邀请参加一个由亿万富翁在他家举办的聚会。A. party晚会；B. exhibitin展览；C. cmpetitin竞争；D. lecture演讲。根据下文“As the hst ____7____ his luxurius rms t his guests and the rare wrks f art he had cllected,”可知，这位富翁在家里举办晚会。故选A项。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上题。A. shwed ff炫耀；B. gave away泄露；C. shut dwn关闭；D. pinted ut指出。根据下文“his luxurius rms t his guests and the rare wrks f art he had cllected,”可知，这位富翁是在炫耀。故选A项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当主人向他的客人炫耀他的奢华豪宅并吹嘘他收集的稀有艺术作品时，冯内古特对他的朋友海勒开玩笑说，主人在一天内赚的钱可能比海勒在其整个历史上最受欢迎的小说中赚的钱还多。A. seriusly严重地；B. jkingly开玩笑地；C. deliberately故意地；D. happily高兴地。根据下文“the hst had prbably made mre mney in a single day than Heller had earned frm his mst ___9____ nvel ver its entire histry.”可知，这是开玩笑说的话。故选B项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. plain简单的，朴素的；B. cmmn普通的；C. ppular流行的，受欢迎的；D. shallw浅的。根据下文“nvel ver its entire histry”可知，这里是拿他整个写作史上最受欢迎的小说的收入作比较。故选C项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海勒微笑着回答说：“是的，他可能是（挣了很多前），但我有他永远不会有的东西——足够”。A. lked看；B. returned返回；C. jumped跳；D. smiled微笑。根据上文“the hst had prbably made mre mney in a single day than Heller had earned frm his mst ___9__ nvel ver its entire histry.”可知，此处是开玩笑，海勒也以微笑回应。故选D项。
11．考查代词词义辨析。句意：什么是足够的？我们的社会告诉我们，没有什么是足够的。A. nthing没有东西；B. anything任何东西；C. everything所有东西；D. nbdy没有人。根据下文“The messages and advertisements __12__ us every day telling us t buy mre.”可知，信息和广告每天告诉我们去买越来越多的东西，说明没有东西是足够的。故选A项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：信息和广告每天轰炸我们，告诉我们去买越来越多的东西。A. abuse虐待；B. bmb轰炸；C. change改变；D. charge要价。根据下文“every day telling us t buy mre”可知，广告和信息狂轰乱炸，鼓动人们买东西，说明广告多。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，生活的课程教导我们不同。A. lessns课程；B. welfare福利；C. destinatins目的地；D. reward奖励。根据下文“teach us differently”可知，此处lessns“课程”与动词teach相对应。故选A项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们说如果我们身上有衣服保暖，那我们就足够了。A. healthy健康的；B. wealthy富有的；C. warm 温暖的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文“clthes”可知衣服是用来保暖的。故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这取决于我们来珍惜它，并与世界分享它。A. tlerate容忍；B. cmplete 完成；C. abandn放弃；D. value珍惜。根据前文“They say that if we have clthes t keep ____14____ , a rf ver ur heads, and lve frm peple arund us, we have enugh”可知，对于生活赋予我们的一切，我们应当珍惜。故选D项。
【答案】1．in 2．wh 3．sharing 4．levels 5．the 6．watched 7．specialist 8．Frtunately 9．experienced 10．raised
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谢德水族馆的动物繁殖与保育工作。
1．考查介词。句意：谢德水族馆的繁殖工作是工作人员和研究人员所从事的保护工作的重要组成部分，这意味着每天都有小动物在谢德出生。动词短语engage in表示“从事，参加”，符合句意。故填in。
2．考查定语从句。句意：据高级水族馆管理员瑞秋·扎克说，她目前正在研究海鱼幼虫，全国各地的水族馆实际上正在共同努力繁殖，并相互分享他们的研究成果。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是“Rachel Zak”，指人，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
3．考查动词时态。句意：据高级水族馆管理员瑞秋·扎克说，她目前正在研究海鱼幼虫，全国各地的水族馆实际上正在共同努力繁殖，并相互分享他们的研究成果。分析句子结构可知，“wrking tgether n breeding effrts”和“__3___their research with each ther”是并列关系，共用be动词“are”，构成现在进行时。故填sharing。
4．考查名词。句意：扎克的工作尤其需要几个层次的培养。根据“several”可知，空处需填名词复数。故填levels。
5．考查冠词。句意：所有这些工作都是幕后在水族馆的活体食物区进行的。此处表特指，应用定冠词，behind the scenes表示“在幕后，在后台”。故填the。
6．考查动词时态。句意：工作人员从海豚的环境内外观察整个生产过程。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填watched。
7．考查名词。句意：动物护理专家谢里•亨德里克斯说：“她的出生令人难以置信，我记得很多关于它的事情。”根据“animal care”及人名“Sheri Hendricks”可知，空处需填单数名词，special作形容词，表示“特别的，特殊的”，specialist作名词，表示“专家”符合句意。故填specialist。
8．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，作为教练我们不需要做太多事情。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Frtunately。
9．考查形容词。句意：卡特尔（哈默尼的母亲）是一位非常有经验的好妈妈。根据“and wnderful mm”可知，空处需填形容词修饰名词，experienced作形容词，表示“有经验的”符合句意。故填experienced。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：从海豚到墨鱼，从鱼苗到海猴，每天在谢德出生和饲养的新动物构成了芝加哥举世闻名的水族馆不断变化的景观。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“make”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“the new animals”和“raise”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填raised。
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