考点05-介词和介词短语知识点总结+习题（含答案）

这是一份考点05-介词和介词短语知识点总结+习题（含答案），共13页。
1. 介词辨析
2. 介词短语辨析
一、时间介词
二、方位介词
三、其他介词
四、常见的介词搭配
一、单项填空
(2020大连一模) Tday's nline class will start __________ 7:30 am. Are yu ready?
A. at B. n C. in D. f
(2021大连一模) The Dalian Undersea Tunnel(隧道) will be pen t traffic __________ 2024.
A. in B.at C. n D. fr
(2021大连“八区"联考) __________ April 13，China's sccer team wn a ticket t Tky Olympics.
A. In B. Since C. At D. On
(2021北京中考) Space Day f China falls __________ April 24th every year.
A. n B. by C. at D. in
(2021重庆中考) The Tianwen-1 Prbe landed n Mars __________ May 15th，2021.
A. at B. in C. t D. n
(2019“双基调查"试卷) Mre peple will cme t Dalian __________ summer because f the cl weather.
A. at B. in C. fr D. with
(2019大连中考) The Silk Rad has been a bridge between the East and the West __________ ver 2,000 years.
A. at B. fr C. in D. frm
I'm ging t give my father a surprise __________ Father's Day.
A. in B. at C. n D. by
二、翻译句子
我出生于2005年10月1 日。
________________________________________________________________________
我的爸爸每天早晨六点开始锻炼。
________________________________________________________________________
我通常在周五的晚上和同学聚会。
________________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择
(2019绥化中考)Light cmes in __________ the windw.
A. acrss B. crss C. thrugh D. by
(2019北京中考) We planted sme flwers __________ the garden yesterday.
A. n B. t C. in D. f
(2021海南中考) Sansha，a beautiful city，lies __________ the suth f China.
A. in B. n C. t
(2021青海中考)Lk! The sun is shining directly int the car. Yu'd better park it __________ the tree.
A. under B. in frnt f C. behind
(2018大连中考) The 2018 Wrld Cup started __________ Mscw n 14th June.
A. at B. n C. in D. t
(2019武汉中考)He wrte his phne number __________ a piece f paper.
A. n B. fr C. in D. frm
(2018无锡中考)Let's put the pian ver there, __________ the wall.
A. abve B. against C. acrss D. arund
(2018天津中考)In the picture，he sits __________ me，lking very happy.
A. beside B. amng C. up D. thugh
二、翻译句子
通过阅读,我开始更多地了解世界。
________________________________________________________________________
100多年以来,他的作品一直很受欢迎。
________________________________________________________________________
周六下午我们会按时到达那家酒店。
________________________________________________________________________
一、单项填空
(2021长春中考)My classmates like t read English nvels __________ their free time.
A.in B. n C.at D.t
(2021昆明中考)Since 1921，the Cmmunist Party f China (中国共产党) has been leading the Chinese peple __________ a better life.
A. f B. n C. at D. t
(2021包头中考) --- What's the mst exciting hliday yu have ever been __________.
--- Fr me，it was a trip t Iceland with my family t see the Nrthern Lights.
A. in B. n C. t D. frm
--- I think eating vegetables is gd fr ur health.
--- Yes. I agree __________ yu.
A. with B. t C. fr D. at
(2019阜新中考) --- What will yu buy __________ yur father?
--- A black and white wallet.
A. t B. f C. n D. fr
( 2019盘锦中考) Jhn ften takes a walk __________ his grandpa after dinner.
A. t B. fr C. alng D. with
(2019安徽中考) Our class are much sure t win the basketball game __________ Class Three.
A. f B. in C. against D. frm
(2021黑龙江中考) Thanks t the vide Visiting the Wrld Online，we can enjy the sights __________ leaving hme.
A. with B. by C. withut D. fr
It's very ht. The temperature is __________ 35℃.
A. after B. past C. n D. ver
The street was full __________ smke after the big fire.
A. f B. with C. in D. fr
It is ging t rain. Take an umbrella __________ yu.
A. with B. at C. in D. frm
Our teacher is very strict __________ us and she is strict __________ her wrk.
A. in; n B. with; fr C. with; in D. t; in
We are excited __________ ging t Beijing in the summer vacatin.
A. in B. t C. fr D. abut
Our cach was pleased __________ us because we wn the basketball match.
A. t B. with C. at D. abut
My cmputer is similar __________ yurs.
A. with B. t C. in D. abut
二、句子翻译
昨天上午8点,妈妈和老师在谈论我的学业。
________________________________________________________________________
每天早晨爸爸都要浏览一下报纸。
________________________________________________________________________
不幸的是,他的妈妈患了一种严重的疾病。
________________________________________________________________________
我们对他的进步感到很惊奇。
________________________________________________________________________
我很感谢我的老师,因为他对我很有耐心。
________________________________________________________________________
每天晚上,我们都在忙于做作业。
________________________________________________________________________
这张课桌是由金属制成的。
________________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择
We left __________ such a hurry that we frgt ur tickets.
A. n B. fr C. t D. in
(2021安徽中考) Our cuntry has made great prgress in the fight __________ blue skies and clear waters.
A. in B. fr C. against D. between
A large ppulatin may cause a lt f prblems, __________ t much traffic and pllutin.
A. such as B. cmpared with C. as well as D. instead f
T much fast fd is bad fr us. We shuld nly have it __________.
A. all the time B. frm nw n C. at the mment D. nce in a while
When teenagers g t university，they shuld live __________.
A. n their wn B. in a hurry C. with their help D. each ther
--- It is s difficult that I want t give up..
---Take it easy. __________, it takes time t learn smething new.
A. In that case B. Fr example C. By the way D. After all
At that time，bks culd nly be prduced ne __________ by hand.
A. fr a time B. at a time C. at times D. fr sme
--- It is reprted that many wild animals in the wrld are __________ because f human behaviur.
--- We must d smething t stp peple frm hunting and selling these animals.
A. in danger B. in public C. in silence D. in persn
二、翻译句子
他的英语取得了很大的进步。
________________________________________________________________________
老师总是面带微笑给我们上课。
________________________________________________________________________
他5岁时开始学英语。
________________________________________________________________________
从现在起,我一定要向我的同学们学习。
________________________________________________________________________
请在旅途中保管好你的物品。
________________________________________________________________________
考点一 1~4 AADA 5~8 DBBC
1. I was brn n Octber lst，2005.
2. My father takes exercise at six every mrning
3. I usually get tgether with my classmates n Friday evening.
考点二 1~4 CCAA 5~8 CABA
1. I get t knw mre abut the wrld thrugh reading.
2. His wrks have been ppular fr mre than/ver 100years.
3. We will arrive at the htel n time n Saturday afternn.
考点三 1~5 ADBAD 6~10 DCCDA 11～15 ACDBB
1. My mther and my teacher were talking abut my studies at 8 yesterday mrning.
2. My father lks thrugh newspapers every mrning.
3. Unluckily，his mther suffered frm a serius illness.
4. We are surprised at his prgress.
5. l am thankful t my teacher，because he is patient with me.
6. We're busy ding ur hmewrk every night.
7. This desk is made f metal.
考点四 1~4 DBAD 5~8 ADBA
1. He has made great prgress in his English.
2. Our teacher is always giving us lessns with a smile n his/ her face.
3. He began t learn English at the age f five.
4. Frm nw n，I must learn frm my classmate.
5. Please take care f / lk after yur things when yu are travelling.考点 5
介 词
1、表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, n
at
用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at nine在九点钟
at nn正午时、at night在夜间
at lunch在午饭时、at breakfast早餐时
at that time那时、at the mment此刻，目前
at the same time同时
at first开始的时候，起初、at last 最后
n
用于表示某天 / 具体某一天的上下午
n June 6在6月6日
n Mnday 在周一
n Christmas Day
n a cld night在一个寒冷的夜晚
in
用于表示周、月、 季节、年、年代、世纪和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）
in the mrning / afternn / evening在早/中/晚
in May 在五月
in summer在夏季
in 2022 在2022年
in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代
in the twentieth century 在20世纪
【知识扩展】
in time 及时、n time按时、at times偶尔
注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。
this mrning今天早上、last Mnday上周一、every week每周
2、befre, after（注意：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词）
befre
在…之前
当连词用时后面+句子
当介词用时后面的动词+ing
e.g. Let’s sing sme sngs after schl.
（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！
Please clse the dr after yu leave the rm.
（after作连词，后面引导从句）离开房间后请关门。
after
在…之后
3、by, until / till
by
在…前（时间）；截止（到）…
by the end f在…底（之前）
by the time+从句 在…之前
by nw = up t nw = s far 到目前为止
until/till
直到…为止（时间）
做连词时until用于肯定句和否定句，till用于肯定句
4、fr，in，since，frm
in+时间段
过…多久之后
时态上用一般将来时，且用Hw sn提问
e.g. He will be back in five hurs. 他五小时之后回来。
fr+时间段
有…多久了
时态上用现在完成时，且用Hw lng提问
e.g.
The dctr has saved a lt f lives since he became a dctr.（since还可作连词，引导时间状语从句；时态上遵从：主现完从一过）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
since+时间点
自从
fm+时间点
自…起
表示＂从…开始＂时，一般都是用词组，
而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。
e.g. The meeting will be held frm eight t ten.
这个会议将从8点开到10点。
The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
5、during，thrugh，within-
during
在…期间
e.g. They are ging t have a gd rest during the summer hlidays. 暑假中他们打算好好休息一下
注意：during后不能跟表数字的名词
thrugh
一直…（从开始到结束）
e.g. They played the cards thrugh the night.
他们打了一整夜的牌
within
不超过…
e.g. I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.
我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫
比较：within和in
within强调＂在…时间之内＂，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hur是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。
1、at, in
at
在某地（小地点）
e.g. I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway statin. 我将去北京站接他。
stay at hme 待在家里
in
在某地（大地点）
She was brn in China. 她是在中国出生的。
2、in，n，t
in
在…方向（范围内）
China is in the east f Asia.
n
在…方向（接壤）
Guangdng Prvince is n the sutheast f Guangxi.
t
在…方向（范围外不接壤）
Japan is t the east f China.
3、n, abve, ver, under, belw
n
在…上（有接触面）
e.g. n the desk在桌子上面
其他搭配：
n the map在地图上。
n the flr在地板上
n the right在右边
n the screen在屏幕上
n the farm在农场
n the island/beach在岛上/海滨
abve
在…上方
Our plane flew abve the cluds. 我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
ver
在…正上方
ver是under的反义词
e.g. There is a light ver Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
under
在…下面
e.g. under the table桌子下面
belw
在…下方
是abve的反义词。
e.g There are a lt f fishes belw the surface f the water.
水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
注意：belw不一定是正下方，正下方是under，belw是abve的反义词。
4、near, by
near =
next t
近的，不远的
near=nt far，是far的反义词。
near还可以指时间
e.g. in the near future 在不久的将来
by = beside
在…旁边
距离比near要近
e.g. The by is standing by the windw. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
5、in，between，amng，arund
in
在…里
e.g. Stay in yur rm. 待在你屋里。
between
在（两者）之间
What’s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？
amng
在（三者或更多的）之中
He is very ppular amng the students. 他在学生之中很受欢迎。
arund
环绕，在…周围，在…四周
The earth mves arund the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
6、in frnt f，behind，ppsite
in frnt f
在…（外部）的前面
e.g. There is a tree in frnt f the huse.
in the frnt f
在…（内部）的前面
e.g. There is a big desk in the frnt f the classrm.
behind
在…（外部）后面
是in frnt f的反义词
at the back f
在…（内部）后面
是in the frnt f 的反义词
ppsite
在…对面
e.g Our schl is ppsite a university. 我们学校在一所大学的对面。
7、alng, acrss, past, thrugh
alng
沿着
Lts f tree are planted alng the river.
acrss
横过
表示从表面穿过；crss是动词 = g acrss
e.g. I ften swim acrss the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past
经过
e.g. Every day he runs past the city hall. 他每天跑步经过市政府。
【易错点】
pass是动词，过去式是passed，过去分词是passed，而past是介词，此外还有：
n. 过去 e.g. in the past 在过去
adj. 过去的 in the past year 在过去的一年中
thrugh
贯穿，通过
表示从空间内部穿过
e.g. The river was thrugh the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
ver
越过
表示从上方（不接触）越过
8、in，int，ut f，up
int
入…
表示有特定终点的运动方向，常和g，cme，walk，run连用，e.g.
I walkedint dwntwn. 我走进了市中心。
ut f
从…出来
和int一样也表示有一定方向的运动
e.g. The students rushed ut f the rm. 学生们冲出房间
up
向上
e.g. They were climbing up the muntain.
他们正在往山上爬。
9、t, frm
t
到…（地点）方向
He came t Japan in 1980. 他1980年来到日本。
frm
从…（地点）起
I will leave fr America next week.下周我将动身去美国。
词组辨析：
leave frm = leave sp 离开某地
leave fr 动身去 = start fr 出发去
1、表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by
with
反义词withut
和……在一起 Will yu please g with me? 你和我一起去好吗？
具有、带有He was a handsme by with large bright eyes.
用某种工具或办法 Li Li cut her hand with a knife. 莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。
其他词组： 在某人的帮助下
in
表示用什么语言 speak in English 用英语说
+ 颜色或者衣物，表示衣着 the girl in red. 穿着红颜色衣服的女孩
表示声调特点
表示用什么材料（如用墨水，铅笔等）
by
“by+交通工具”的词组：by bicycle骑自行车、（走路去是n ft）
by hand 手工制作
by chance = by mistakes 偶然地、意外地；by mistakes 错误地
2、f, frm
① 由…制成
be made f
（看得见原材料）
The chair is made f wd.
椅子是有木头做成的。
be made frm
（看不见原材料）
Paper is made frm the trees.
纸张是由木材做成的。
② 死于…
die f 死于
（内因）
400 peple a year die f this disease n average. 平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
die frm 死于
（外因）
Millins die early frm air pllutin each year. 每年数百万人过早地死于空气污染。
③
hear f 听说
I have never heard f him befre.
我以前从来没有听说过他。
hear frm 收到某人来信
相当于get r receive a letter frm
e.g. I heard frm my parents.我收到了父母的来信。
3、f, fr
在It做形式主语，It is + adj + t d sth 的固定句式中
当人称和形容词能形成主表关系时，用f
It is difficult fr me t slve this prblem.
当人称和形容词不能形成主表关系时，用fr
It is nice f yu t help me.
4、like, as
like
prep. 像，反义词unlike
v. 喜欢，反义词dislike
常见的提问方式：
What are yu like？ 你性格怎么样？
What d yu like？ 你喜欢什么？
What d yu lk like? 你长什么样？
What are yu? 你的职业是什么？
as
prep. 作为
adv. 和…一样
cnj. 随着（当…时）
cnj. 正如，因为
e.g.
He is famus as a scientist here. 他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。
My sister is as tall as me. 我姐姐和我一样高。
As time ges n, he will understand what I said. 随着时间的推移，他会理解我所讲的话。
As rain has fallen, the air is cler. 因为下过雨，所以空气比较凉爽。
5、against, abut，including
against
反对
e.g.
play against 和…打比赛
He is against the plan. 他反对这个计划。
The teacher is standing against the blackbard. 老师正靠着黑板站着。
abut
关于
Tell me smething abut yur life. 告诉我你的生活情况
including
包括
注意：include词性是动词，而including词性是介词
I've gt three days' hliday including New Year's Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
6、besides，except，but
besides
除…之外还有…
e.g. He has many friends besides me. 除了我他还有很多朋友。
except
除去…
易错：expect “期待” expect t d sth 期待做某事
e.g. Everyne is excited except me. 每个人都很兴奋，除了我不兴奋。
but
除了
常见固定搭配：
① nthing but 除了…什么也没有
e.g. He did nthing but watch TV all day. 这一天他除了看电视什么也没做。
n…but… 不是…而是…
1、动词+介词
arrive in/ at
到达
prefer…t
宁愿…
ask fr
请求，要求
regard…as
把…看作…
d well in
在某方面做得好
leave fr
出发去…
give up
放弃
hear abut
听说
thanks t
幸亏、由于
lk at
看
think abut
考虑
talk t
与…谈话
laugh at
嘲笑
wrry abut
关心
2、介词+名词
at nce
立刻
in a hurry
匆忙
at the age f..
在…岁时
in the middle f
在…中间
at the beginning f...
在……之初
in ne’s twentieth
在某人二十几岁时
with ne’s help
在某人的帮助下
in public
公开
with a smile
面带笑容
in rder t
为了
think abut
考虑
in surprise
惊奇地
after a while
过了一会
a bit f
一点
frm nw n
从现在开始
a lt f
许多
frm then n
从那时起
n ft
步行
fr example
例如
n the right/ left
在右边/左边
far away frm
远离
n the radi
通过收音机
by the way
顺便说
t ne’s surprise
令某人惊讶的是
in all
总共
in truble
有麻烦
in fact
事实上
at hme
在家
n ne’s way t
在某人去…的路上
withut breakfast
没吃早餐
▶▶▶ 介词练习题 ◀◀◀
考点一
时间介词
考点二
地点介词
考点三
介词搭配
考点四
介词短语
考点 5
介 词参考答案