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北师大版高中英语必修第二册UNIT6 Section B Lesson 1 A Medical Pioneer课件
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这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第二册UNIT6 Section B Lesson 1 A Medical Pioneer课件，共60页。
Section B Lesson 1 A Medical PioneerⅠ.基础词汇1．____________ vt. 授予；给予 n. 奖；奖品；奖金；奖状2．____________ v. 获得，赢得，取得；受益 n. 好处；利益3．____________ n. 蚊子4．____________ n. 舞台；阶段5．____________ prep. 尽管；虽然awardgain mosquito stagedespite6．____________ n. 全体职员，员工7．____________ n. 药草8．____________ n. 处方；秘诀9．____________ n. 物力；资源10．____________ n. 药物，药材；毒品staffherbrecipe resource drugⅡ.拓展词汇1．limit n．限度；限制；限量；界限 v．限制；限定；限量→________ adj.有限的2．eventual adj.最后的；最终的；结果的→________ adv.最终；终于3．promise v．许诺；承诺；答应；预示→________ adj.大有希望的4．fame n．名声，名誉→________ adj.著名的5．wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的→________ n．知识；学问；智慧limited eventually promising famous wisdom6．advance n．发展；进步→________ adj.高级的7．integrate vi. & vt.(使)结合；(使)成为一体→________ n．结合；一体化；融合8．effect n．效应；影响；结果；效果→________ adj.有效的，产生预期效果的9．honour n. 荣誉→________ adj.可敬的；品格高尚的10．recognise v．赞赏；赞成→________ n．表彰；赞扬11．academy n. 研究院；学会→________ adj.学业的；教学的，学术的advanced integration effective honourablerecognition academicⅢ.重点短语(英汉互译)A 写出下列短语的汉意1．an infectious disease ________________2．apart from... ________________3．an effective cure ________________4．a vaccine against ________________5．a medical researcher ________________6．be awarded... for... ________________7．the development of new drugs ________________传染病 除……之外有效的治疗方法 抗……疫苗医学研究员因……而被授予……新药的开发8．recognition and encouragement ________________9．gain a deep knowledge about ________________10．establish a team ________________11．one by one ________________12．limited resources ________________13．air quality ________________14．come across ________________15．be fully integrated ________________赞扬和鼓励 对……有深刻了解组建一个团队一个接一个，逐一有限的资源 空气质量偶然发现；偶遇完全融合B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语1．________________ 数以百万计的2.________________ 医学文献资料3．____________________ 传统中医4．________________ 传统处方5．______________________ 采用现代研究方法6．________________ 志愿成为……7．________________ 准备做……millions of medical literaturetraditional Chinese medicinetraditional recipesuse modern research methodsvolunteer to be...be ready to do...8．_______________________ 世界上最有效的药物9．________________ 对名誉感兴趣10．_______________________ 国际上著名的11．________________ 在困难时期12．________________ 做某事的能力13．________________ 实现某人的目标14．___________________________ 未来发展的巨大潜力15．________________ 女科学家the world's most effective drugbe interested in famebe internationally renownedduring a difficult timethe ability to do sth.achieve one's goalgreat potential for future advances a female scientistⅠ.课文思维导图Ⅱ.课文阅读理解1．What's the text mainly about?A.A battle against malaria.B.A research of malaria.C.Tu Youyou—a medical pioneer.D.Artemisinin—the most effective medicine.C2．Which of the following might be effective in fighting malaria?A．Chinese herbs. B．Chemicals.C．Western medicine. D．Animal bones.A3．What can we learn from the text?A.The drugs were experimented with animals.B.Tu Youyou and her team devoted themselves to research.C.The drugs were tested on her teammates.D.Tu Youyou and her team used ancient research methods to study Chinese herbs.B4．What can be inferred from the text?A．Tu Youyou likes attending a wide range of social activities.B.Tu Youyou worked with foreign doctors in developing artemisinin.C.Tu Youyou hopes that Chinese and Western medicine can be fully integrated.D.Tu Youyou looks down upon those who do nothing.CⅢ.课文语法填空In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. She was the first Chinese female scientist 1.__________ (award) the prize for her great contributions to medicine. Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin, the world's most 2.________ (effect) drug for fighting malaria. The drugs 3.________ (save) the lives of millions so far. When 4.________ (thank) the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also 5.________ (recognise) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”to be awardedeffective have savedthankingrecognition After graduating from Peking University Health Science Centre, Tu Youyou worked in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and gained 6.________ deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria. Across the world, scientists tested over 240，000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea 7.________ Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She and her team used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.athat This was not an easy work. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they 8.________ (eventual) found a promising chemical. They tested themselves and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin.In 2019, Tu Youyou 9.____________ (select) by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century. 10.________ her age, Tu Youyou continues to conduct research.eventually was selectedDespite教材助读·开放课堂[词汇注释]①stage/steɪdʒ/n.舞台；阶段②drug/drʌɡ/n.药物，药材；毒品※the lifesaving drug救命药③with the help of在……的帮助下④female/'fiːmeɪl/adj.女(性)的⑤award/ə'wɔːd/vt.授予；给予※be awarded...for...因……而被授予……⑥committee/kə'mɪti/n.委员会⑦lead to 引起；导致⑧honour/'ɒnə/n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸※It's an honour to do sth.做某事是一种荣幸⑨recognition/ˌrekəɡ'nɪʃən/n.表彰；赞扬※recognise v．辨认出；承认；认可⑩academy/ə'kædəmi/n.研究会；学会⑪gain/geɪn/v.获得，赢得，取得；受益 n．好处；利益※gain a deep knowledge about 对……有深刻了解⑫traditional practices 传统医学⑬establish/ɪ'stæblɪʃ/vt.建立，设立※establish a team组建团队⑭a cure for……的治疗方法⑮millions of数以百万计的⑯across the world 全世界 ⑰chemical/'kemɪkəl/n.化学品 adj.化学的⑱herb/hɜːb/n.药草⑲literature/'lɪtərətʃə/n.文献资料；著述；文学⑳recipe/'resɪpi/n.处方；秘诀(21) (be) connected to与……有联系(22)one by one一个接一个，逐一(23)limited/'lɪmɪtɪd/ adj.有限的(24)resource/rɪ'zɔːs/n.物力；资源※limited resources有限资源(25)staff/stɑːf/n.全体职员，员工(26)eventually/ɪ'ventʃuəli/ adv.最终；终于(27)come across偶然发现；偶遇(28)promising/'prɒmɪsɪŋ/adj.大有希望的※promise v. 承诺；答应；保证(29)volunteer to do sth.志愿做某事(30)a success 一个成功的人或一件成功的事(31)effective /ɪ'fektɪv/adj.有效的，产生预期效果的(32)*fame/feɪm/n.名声，名誉(33)*renowned/rɪ'naʊnd/adj.著名的，有名望的(34)be selected as被选为(35)one of the most influential figures of science科学界最具影响力的人物之一(36)be noted for因……而出名(37)bridge vt.架起桥梁；弥合(差距)(38)despite/dɪ'spaɪt/prep.尽管；虽然※despite＝in spite of(39)wisdom/'wɪzdəm/n.知识，学问；智慧※the wisdom behind...……背后的智慧(40)potential/pə'tenʃəl/n.潜力；可能性※There is great potential for...在……方面有巨大的潜力。(41)advance/əd'vɑːns/n.发展；进步(42)integrate/'ɪntɪɡreɪt/vi. & vt. (使)结合；(使)成为一体※integrate...with...……与……成为一体, [教材原文]At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84yearold Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage①. She began to talk about the lifesaving drug②， artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of③ her team in the 1970s. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female④ scientist to be awarded⑤ a Nobel Prize for her work. A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee⑥ called Hans Forssberg explained that“the discovery of artemisinin has led to⑦ the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”. [1]When thanking the Committee for the honour⑧， Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition⑨ of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”[1]※句子的主干是A scientist explained that...，that引导宾语从句；who和which引导的定语从句分别修饰 A scientist与new drugs。Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation, she became a member of China AcademyB10 of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained⑪ a deep knowledge about traditional practices⑫.[2][2]※“介词from＋关系代词whom”引导的定语从句，修饰experts。In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish⑬ a team to find a cure for⑭ malaria—a disease that killed millions of⑮ people every year. Across the world⑯， scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240，000 chemicals⑰ with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs⑱ might hold the secret．[3] She studied ancient Chinese medical literature⑲ and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes⑳ connected to21 antimalarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.22[3]※句中that引导同位语从句，对idea进行解释说明。This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited23 resources24 .[4]They did not have enough staff25, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.[5] However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually26 came across27 a promising28 chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to29 be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success30. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's most effective31 drug for fighting malaria.Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame32, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned33. In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as34 one of the most influential figures of science35 in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou was noted for36 her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged37 the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite38 her age. According to Tu Youyou, “From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom39 behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potential40 for future advances41 if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated42”．[4]※固定句式：The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……。why引导定语从句，修饰The reason；that引导表语从句。[5]※句中and连接两个并列分句，后一个分句中，含有“介词in＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰the laboratory。[汉语译文]在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台(stage)。她开始介绍挽救生命的药物(drug)——青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得(award)诺贝尔奖的女(female)科学家。诺贝尔奖委员会(committee)的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说：“青蒿素的发现使得新药得以开发，这些药物拯救了数百万人的生命。”在感谢委员会授予的荣誉(honour)时，屠呦呦说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可(recognition)和鼓励。” 1930年12月30日，屠呦呦出生于中国浙江省。她曾在北京大学健康科学中心学习医学。毕业后，她成为中国中医科学研究院(academy)的一员。后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医，获得(gain)对传统医学的深刻了解。1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建(establish)一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法，疟疾是一种每年导致数百万人死亡的疾病。世界各地的科学家都在试图找到治疗方法。他们测试了超过24万种化学物质(chemical)，仍然没有成功。然而，屠呦呦认为中草药(herb)可能会起作用。她研究了古代的中医文献资料(literature)，拜访了传统中医界的专家。她研究了数百种与抗疟疾治疗有关的传统配方(recipe)。随后，屠呦呦和她的团队开始采用现代的研究方法对这些中草药逐一进行研究。这不是一项容易的任务，因为团队资源(resource)有限(limited)。他们没有足够的工作人员(staff)，并且他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终(eventually)发现(come across)了一种有前景的(promising)化学物质。这种物质在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。当他们准备开始测试时，屠呦呦勇敢地志愿成为第一个人类实验对象，团队中的其他人也紧随其后。这次测试很成功。他们发现的青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的(effective)药物。尽管屠呦呦对名誉(fame)不感兴趣，但她已成为一名国际知名的(renowned)科学家。2019年．她被英国广播公司选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和艾伦·麦席森·图灵齐名。屠呦呦在中国科学的困难时期勇敢地成为一名科研人员，用古老的智慧和全新的方法实现目标，她的事业贯通了东西方世界，拯救了数百万人的生命，因此而闻名于世。如今，虽然(despite)年事已高，屠呦呦仍然继续做研究。她说：“从发现青蒿素的研究经验中，我们学到了中医和西医背后的智慧。如果这两种智慧(wisdom)能够完全融合(integrate)，未来将有巨大的发展(advance)潜力(potential)。” 核心探究·讲练互动►第一版块|核心单词1)apart adj. & adv.分开，散开；相隔，相距) (教材原句)Malaria kills over 1，000，000 people a year—more people than any disease apart from AIDS.每年有超过100万人死于疟疾，这比除艾滋病之外的任何疾病都要多。come/fall apart 崩溃；破裂；土崩瓦解live apart 分开居住take apart 拆开，拆卸keep...apart 把……分开set...apart from 使……与众不同tell...apart 把……区分开tear apart 撕毁，撕碎，撕开❶At that time we were never apart.那时我们从不分开。❷To our regret, his marriage fell apart.令我们遗憾的是，他的婚姻破裂了。❸Li Hua and his sister Li Hong lived just 25 miles apart from each other.李华和妹妹李红住得彼此仅隔25英里。❹Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.罗德喜欢把钟表拆开，但他从未能再组装上。 [语境助记] She keeps herself apart from other people.她与其他人保持距离。I can't tell the twins apart.我区分不开这对双胞胎。[即学即练] 完成句子①I ______________ (要崩溃了). I wasn't getting any sleep.②He had a deep voice, which _______________ (使他与……不同) others in our small town.③It's easy to ______________ (区分开我的药片) because they're all different colours.④They live on the same street, ________________ (相隔大约两个街区).⑤He ______________________ (把煮好的鸡肉撕开) and began to eat it.was falling apartset him apart fromtell my pills apartabout two blocks aparttore the cooked chicken apart2)effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的；生效的，起作用的 effectively adv.有效地 (教材原句)The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective cure.含有青蒿素的药物已被证明是最有效的治疗方法。be effective against 有对抗……的效力be effective from 从……起生效take effective measures to do sth. 采取有效措施做某事❶You want to be an effective public speaker.你想成为一个有影响力的公众演说家。❷The new speed limit on this road becomes effective from 1 June.这条路上新的限速规定自6月1日起生效。❸You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions.你们应采取有效措施来改善你们的工作条件。❹The public should be educated to use resources more effectively.应该教育大众更有效地使用资源。[拓展] effect n．效果；影响come into effect生效；开始实施 have an effect on对……有影响take effect生效；起作用 in effect实际上；有效side effect副作用[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Group exercise is one of the ___________ (effective) ways to improve physical fitness.②Our government has taken ________ (effect) measures to prevent drunk driving.③I doubt whether soap should be effective ________ all flu viruses.④If you can use a word correctly and ________ (effective), you understand it.⑤His wife has, _______ effect, run the government for the past six months.⑥When do the new driving laws come ________ effect?⑦Does television have an effect ________ children's behaviour？most effectiveeffectiveagainst effectivelyin into on3)stage n．舞台，戏剧；阶段，时期，状态 (教材原句)At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84yearold Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage.在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台。early stages 早期，初期at one stage 有一段时间go on the stage 当演员on stage 在舞台上stage by stage 逐步地，一步一步地set the stage for 为……做好准备later stages 后续阶段in stages 分阶段地take centre stage 成为关注的焦点at different stages of development 处在不同的发展阶段go through a stage 经历某一阶段❶There were more than 50 people on stage in one scene.有一场戏中舞台上有50多个人。❷His parents didn't want him to go on the stage.他父母不想让他当演员。❸Don't worry about the baby not wanting to leave you—it's a stage they go through.宝宝不肯离开你别担心，他们总要经过这个阶段。❹At one stage it looked as though they would win.有一段时间，他们好像会获胜。❺While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.尽管中学通常不鼓励学生对人生的新的方面进行探索，然而大学却要为这一探索作准备。[误区警示] 当名词stage表示“阶段”时，较为抽象，后接定语从句时，如果定语从句中不缺主语和宾语，常用关系副词where来引导从句。Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他们的孩子已经到了能说单个单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。[相关拓展] stage＋where/in which＋定语从句当先行词是case, situation, position, point, stage等表抽象地点的名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语时，定语从句常用where或in which引导。The matter has reached a stage where they have to give in.事情已经发展到他们不得不屈服的地步。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①When the superstar appeared ________ stage, all the audience stood up to applaud.②________ some stage we need to calculate when the project will be finished.③The police are building up a picture of the incident stage ________ stage.④These effective measures have helped to set the stage ________ economic recovery after the big earthquake.⑤Andrew spends all his spare time playing with his computer but it's probably just a stage ________ he's going through.on At by forthat/which完成句子⑥The government is at a stage ______________________________ (愿意与任何人对话的地步).where it is willing to talk to almost anyone4)award vt.授予；给予 n．奖；奖品；奖金 (教材原句)The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。(1)vt.授予；给予award sth. to sb.＝award sb. sth. 把某物授予某人❶The mayor awarded Li Ming the first prize.市长授予李明一等奖。＝The mayor awarded the first prize to Li Ming.＝Li Ming was awarded the first prize by the mayor.(2)n.奖；奖品；奖金an award presentation/ceremony 颁奖；颁奖仪式give/present sb. an award (for) (因……)给某人颁奖get/receive/win/gain/obtain an award (for...) (因……)获奖present sb. with an award 给某人颁奖❷Our headteacher gave Li Hong an award for her excellent performance.我们校长给李红颁奖以表彰她的杰出表现。❸The film won an award for its photography.这部电影因其摄影而获奖。[比较] award/reward/prize·award名词：奖励、奖赏、奖品；动词：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.奖励某人某物。award多指官方颁发的奖品、奖金，强调荣誉。·reward名词：回报，酬谢，悬赏金；动词：reward sb. with sth.以某物奖赏某人。reward多指对某人的工作或服务等的回报、报酬，可以是金钱，也可以是物品或精神奖励。·prize名词：多指在比赛、竞争或抽奖中获得的奖。[语境助记]The movie has won a number of awards.该片获得了多个奖项。Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made.赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。First prize is a fortnight in Barbados and second prize is a weekend in Rome.一等奖是在巴巴多斯待两周，二等奖是在罗马度周末。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The winner received a gold medal as ________ award.②A medal was awarded ________ the best speaker in the class.③Mo Yan _________ (award) the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people's longheld dreams come true.④The award ________ this year's best actress went to Emma Stone.⑤His movie won several ________ (award) at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream.antowas awardedforawards选词填空：award/reward/prize⑥Mrs Taylor has an 8yearold daughter who has a gift for painting—she has won two national ________．⑦A ￡100 ________ has been offered for the return of the necklace.⑧The child smiled at his teacher as he received the ________．prizesrewardaward5)committee n．委员会(集体名词) (教材原句)A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that...诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说……committee members 委员会成员set up the committee 成立委员会❶The committee was made up of professors and engineers.委员会由教授和工程师组成。[归纳拓展](1)其他类似的集体名词还有：audience, class, club, company, crew, crowd, enemy, family, government, group, party, public, staff, team等。❷His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。(2)还有一些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。❸The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜寻那个小偷。[误区警示] committee是集体名词，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果表示委员会中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委员会已决定辞退他。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The committee ________ (be) concerned about the large number of prisoners in this area.②The committee who ________ (be) responsible for this decision would consider it over again.③The police ________ (be) looking for a second car, which appeared on the crime scene the other day.④There ________ no cattle, no people, no human footprints at all.is/arewereareare完成句子⑤The Prime Minister will ________________ (成立委员会) to look into the matter.⑥全家人都在看电视。__________________________________________________________set up the committeeThe whole family are watching TV.6)honour n．荣誉，荣幸，光荣；尊敬，尊重，崇敬；引起尊敬(或尊重、崇敬)的人(或事物) vt.使感到荣幸；给……荣誉；表彰；尊重 (教材原句)This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。(1)n.荣誉，荣幸，光荣；尊敬，尊重，崇敬；引起尊敬(或尊重、崇敬)的人(或事物)(→honourable adj.可敬的；品格高尚的)in honour of sb./in sb.'s honour 向某人表示敬意；纪念某人show honour to sb. 对某人表示敬意have the honour of doing sth. 有幸做某事feel it an honour to do sth. 感觉做某事很荣幸it is an honour to do sth. 做某事很荣幸do sb. an honour 使某人增光，给某人带来荣誉❶We celebrate Mother's Day in honour of our mothers.我们庆祝母亲节是为了向母亲表示敬意。❷May I have the honour of this dance?可以赏光和我跳这支舞吗？❸I feel it an honour to have a chance to get together with you.有机会与你们欢聚一堂我感到很荣幸。❹So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base.因此，受邀到非营利的熊猫基地(参观)是莫大的荣耀。(2)vt.使感到荣幸；尊重，尊敬；给予表扬❺We feel very honoured to be invited to attend the conference.应邀来参加这次大会我们深感荣幸。❻They gave their lives for their country and were honoured as heroes.他们为祖国献出了生命，被尊为英雄。[语境助记] In my office only I was honoured with an invitation.我办公室里只有我荣幸地受到邀请。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It is indeed ________ honour to serve my country in such a position.②If I have the honour of ___________ (choose) as a volunteer, I will try my best to offer the best service.③She felt ________ an honour to have taken part in the work.④A ceremony was held ________ those soldiers' honour.⑤The Dragon Boat Festival takes place every year in honour ________ the great poet—Qu Yuan.anbeing chosenitinof⑥I'm glad to see that you've decided to honour us ______ your presence!⑦Yuan Longping is honoured ________ his great contributions to agriculture.⑧I feel ________ (honour) to be invited here to give you a lecture.完成句子⑨Two firefighters have ________________ (因……获得嘉奖) their courage.⑩We had a great party to ____________ (对……表示敬意) the famous scientist.withforhonouredbeen honoured forshow honour to7)recognition n．表彰，赞扬；认出，认识，识别；承认，认可 gain/win recognition of... 得到……的赞扬/认可in recognition of/for sth. 表彰……beyond/out of (all) recognition 变得面目全非；(完全)认不出……give sb. recognition 给予某人认可/承认be given recognition 得到承认/认可the recognition of 对……的认可❶Traditional Chinese paintings have won recognition of the people all over the world.传统的中国绘画已经赢得了全世界人民的认可。❷He received the award in recognition of his achievement over the past year.他受到了奖励，这是对他过去一年的成就的肯定。❸The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.自从我上次离开这里以来，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。recognise vt. 赞赏，赏识，看重；公认；辨认，识别；承认，意识到recognise sb./sth. as... 公认某人/某物为……recognise sb./sth. to be... 承认某人/某事是……be recognised as/to be... 被认为是……recognise...by... 通过……认出recognise that... 承认/意识到……❹I recognised him by his red hair as soon as he came in the room.他一进房间我就从他的红头发认出了他。❺Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel.自1958年，它们被公认为是以色列的国家剧院。 [拓展]recognisable adj.可识别的；可辨认的After so many years she was still immediately recognisable．过了这么多年，还是一眼就能认出她。It is recognised that...……是大家认可/承认的。It is recognised that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.大家承认简是我们当中最聪明的女孩。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①At last, her father's work has received popular ________ (recognise).②The prize goes to Mr Smith in recognition ________ his achievement in the field of medicine.③With the development of its economy, Tianjin has changed ________ recognition in the last few years.④The hospital is recognised ________ a centre of excellence in research and teaching.完成句子⑤These brands ________________________ (已经获得认可) the local market.⑥________________ (大家一致认为) environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems.recognitionofbeyondashave already gained recognition ofIt is recognised that8)gain vt.获得，赢得，取得 vt. & vi.受益；(钟表等)走得快 vt.增加 n．好处；利益 (教材原句)．..she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.……她获得对传统医学的深刻了解。gain permission/recognition 获得许可/认可gain entrance/entry/access to sth. 得以进入/接近某物gain the/one's attention 赢得关注gain one's respect/trust 获得某人的尊重/信任gain from... 从……中获益gain (sth.) from... 从……中获得……❶While working in that organisation, I gained a lot of experience.在那个组织工作时，我获得了很多经验。❷Her unusual talent gained her worldwide recognition.她非凡的才能举世公认。❸Nothing ventured, nothing gained.(谚)不入虎穴，焉得虎子。❹Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.总是寻找一种新的方式在这里或者那里挽回一个小时。❺They gained greatly from this experiment.在这次实验中，他们收获很大。❻My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours.我的手表每24小时快两分钟。❼No gain without pain.(谚)不劳则无获。❽A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。[拓展] gain a reputation获得声望gain speed加快速度gain weight增加体重gain independence赢得独立gain popularity受欢迎gain experience获得经验gain knowledge获得知识[即学即练] 单句语法填空①These policies have resulted in great ________ (gain) in public health.②It is sad that a major company should try to gain ________ other people's suffering.③There is nothing to ________ (gain) from delaying the decision.gains from be gained写出句中gain的词性及含义④You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.____________⑤He put a lot of money into the firm with the hope of gain in the future.____________⑥Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.____________⑦The man gained a lot in the business, but he lost the respect of his friends.____________动词，获得 名词，利润 动词，增加动词，受益9)establish vt.建立，设立，确立；确定，证实 (教材原句)In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria...1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法……establish a company 建立公司establish a new research centre 建立一个新的研究中心establish a reputation 树立声誉establish relations/links/contact with sb. 与某人建立关系/联系establish sb. as/sb. be established as 任命某人担任……establish oneself in/sb. be established in 某人立足于……；某人定居于……It has been established that... 已证实……❶The school has established a good relationship with the local community.这所学校与当地社区建立了良好的关系。❷The police are still trying to establish the cause of the accident.警方仍在努力确定事故的原因。❸He established himself as governor of the province.他受命当这个省的省长。❹A new doctor has established himself in this street.一位新来的医生在这条街上开业了。❺It has been established that his injuries were caused by a fall.已经证实他是摔伤的。established adj. 已确立的，确定的；公认的establishment n. 机构；团体；建立；创立get/become established 立足；站稳脚跟the establishment of ……的建立❻How long did it take you to become established in the office？你用了多长时间才在这个办公室站住了脚？❼The speaker announced the establishment of a new college.发言人宣布了新学院的成立。 [易混词语比较]establish和set up都表示“建立，设立(公司、机构)”，但set up不如establish正式，set up是日常英语中的常用短语。·open开设，开办(向公众提供服务的企业，如商店、餐馆、酒店等)·found创立(公司、学校、医院等机构，尤指为其提供奖金)[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It is said that the committee ____________ (establish) in 1912.②This unit is now ________ established part of the course.③Many teachers are now comfortably established ________ their new houses.④What he did made others laugh at him, which made it hard for him to become ________ (establish) in the organisation.⑤The next stage is to get the elephant to the training ____________ (establish).⑥________ has been established that the horse was drugged.was establishedaninestablishedestablishmentIt完成句子⑦Mr Smith ______________ (被任命为) governor of the state.⑧After graduation, he set up his company and gradually __________________ (树立了声誉).was established asestablished a reputation10)chemical n．化学品(常用复数) adj.化学的 chemist n．化学家，药剂师 (教材原句)They tested more than 240，000 chemicals with no success.他们测试了超过24万种化学物质，仍然没有成功。(1)chemical industry 化学工业chemical change/reaction 化学变化/反应agricultural chemicals 农药the organic chemical 有机化学品chemical engineering 化学工程chemical research 化学研究a chemical element 化学元素(2)the chemist's shop 药店❶Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.有些植物排出有臭味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。❷The chemical change takes place in paper when it burns.纸燃烧时会产生化学变化。❸A chemist can separate a medicine into its components.化学家能把一种药物的各种成分分解出来。[拓展]chemistry n．化学The new chemistry lab was paid by sponsors of the college.新的化学实验室是由学院的资助者出钱建的。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The government has called on people to reduce the amount of ________ (chemical) used in food production.②The ________ (chemistry) industry produces such things as petrochemicals, drugs, and rubber.③She worked as ________ chemist for the water company.完成句子④When _______________ (一个化学变化) takes place, one or more substances are formed.chemicalschemical a a chemical change11)resource n．(常作复数)物力；资源；财力 (教材原句)．..the team had limited resources.……团队资源有限。(1)mineral resources 矿产资源natural resources 自然资源resources for learning 学习资料develop/waste resources 开发/浪费资源financial resources 财力human resources 人力资源abundant/rich/limited resources 充足的/丰富的/有限的资源(2)pool one's resources 集中某人的资源waste resources 浪费资源❶In this poor country, some families don't have the resources to feed themselves properly.在这个贫穷的国家，有些家庭无力维持生活。❷We should take full advantage of natural resources.我们要充分利用自然资源。[比较] resource/source·resource表示抽象概念“资源”，water resources水力资源；·source表示具体概念“来源”，water sources水源。[拓展] a food/an energy source食物/能量来源a source of income收入来源the source of the Nile尼罗河的发源地[即学即练] 单句语法填空①We need to concentrate ________ (resource) on the poorest areas.②The Internet is often used as ________ resource and as a tool for distance learning.选词填空：resource/source③Your local library will be a useful ________ of information.④There's a great shortage of ________ materials in many schools. resourcesasourceresource12)staff n．全体职员，员工 (教材原句)They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.他们没有足够的工作人员，并且他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。a staff meeting 员工会议the entire staff 全体员工staff members 职工a staff restaurant 职工食堂medical/teaching staff 全体医务人员/教师staff development/training 员工培养/培训❶Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests, like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.工作人员会为客人们举办大量的酒吧活动，比如免费拍照、酒吧巡游和卡拉OK。[特别提醒] staff是集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。❷The staff were very good.员工们都很棒。❸The staff was seated at last.终于，全体人员都已落座了。[知识拓展] 高中阶段常见的集体名词：family 家庭audience 观众committee 委员会public 公众crew 全体人员[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The staff ________ (be) not very happy about the latest pay increase.②The staff ________ (be) working on final arrangements for the conference.翻译句子③该校的教师队伍是优秀的。__________________________________________________________are isThe school's teaching staff is/are excellent.13)eventually adv.最终；终于 eventual adj.最后的，最终的 (教材原句)However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical.然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种有前景的化学物质。the eventual decision/result/victory最终的决定/结果/胜利❶After several attempts, they eventually climbed to the top of the mountain.经过几次尝试，他们最终爬上了山顶。❷Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.埃勒斯最终成功地把这只动物哄到了他身边。❸Tom had forgotten the eventual outcome.汤姆已经忘了最后的结果。❹His foolish behaviour led to his eventual failure.他的愚蠢行为导致了他最终的失败。[归纳拓展] eventually的同义词语常见的有in the end, at last, at length, finally, lastly等注意：表示列举时，最后一项用finally而不用eventually。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①I ________ (eventual) realised I had to change my attitude towards medical work.②He hated his stepfather and ________ (eventual) ran away from home.③________ the end, we all decided to organise a concert for Easter.④He was glad to see his daughter's life ________ last returned to normal.eventually eventually In at14)promising adj.大有希望的，有前途的，有出息的 He was voted the most promising new actor for his part in the movie.他因在该电影中扮演的角色而获评为最有前途的新演员。promising future 光明的前途promising young people 后起之秀[拓展] promise v. & n．(1)v.许诺，承诺，答应，保证；使很可能，预示promise to do sth. 答应做某事promise sb. sth./promise sth. to sb. 答应把某物给某人promise to be sth. 有……的希望promise (sb.)＋that从句 (向某人)许诺……❶The college principal promised to look into the matter.学院院长答应研究这个问题。❷He promised his grandchildren the money.他答应给孙子孙女们这笔钱。❸It promises to be an exciting day.这将是令人兴奋的一天。❹The brochure promised (that) the local food would be superb.旅游手册中保证说当地有极佳的美食。❺Dropping ears of rice promise another good harvest.沉甸甸的稻穗预示着又一次丰收。(2)n.诺言，许诺，承诺；希望make/keep/break a promise 许下/信守/违背诺言carry out one's promise 履行诺言live up to one's promise 信守诺言❻She kept her promise to visit her aunt regularly.她信守诺言，定期去看望姑妈。❼He always does his best to live up to his promise and men like that are hard to find.他总是尽力做到信守承诺，像这样的人很难找到。[拓展] a promising career in law很有前途的法律职业a promising young actor大有前途的年轻演员a promising start良好的开端[即学即练] 单句语法填空①A school has honoured one of its brightest and _______________ (promise) former students.②He promised faithfully ________ (call) me every week.③Whether YouTube can live up ________ its promise as a big ad platform is uncertain.④The newspapers described her as a ________ (promise) young singer.most promisingto calltopromising 写出句中promise的词性及含义⑤I should not have believed the promise of the boss.____________⑥There were dark clouds overhead promising rain.____________⑦You show promise as a musician but your lack of practice is keeping you back.____________完成句子⑧Whatever reasons you may have, you should _________________ (履行诺言).⑨The government failed to _____________________________ (信守承诺) of lower taxes.名词，承诺 动词，预示名词，希望carry out your promisekeep its promise/live up to its promise15)despite prep.尽管；虽然(＝in spite of) (教材原句)Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age.如今，虽然年事已高，屠呦呦仍然继续做研究。despite the fact that... 尽管……despite this 尽管如此❶Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.尽管疼痛，我坚持走了一会儿，然后又跑了起来。❷Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.尽管酒店的服务很差，经理还是不愿意花钱为员工提供足够的培训。[误区警示]despite, in spite of是介词(短语)，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能用that引导从句，但可以用(1)despite/in spite of the fact(尽管事实是……)＋that同位语从句；(2)in spite of/despite＋what从句(√)。❸Despite being ill, she works hard and succeeds in the scientific research field.尽管生病了，但是她还是勤奋工作并在科研领域取得了成功。❹Despite what you see in the movies, bats almost never drink human blood.不管你在电影里看到了什么，蝙蝠几乎从不喝人血。❺She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。[拓展]despite our best efforts尽管我们尽了最大努力despite applying for hundreds of jobs尽管申请了数百个工作[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Despite ________ happened in the past I want her to know I am there for her.②Joe is a good basketball player despite ________ (be) short and stout.③They went swimming in spite ________ all the danger signs.同义句转换④In spite of what he said, I think he's still in love with you.→________________________________________(despite)whatbeingofDespite what he said, I think he's still in love with you.16)wisdom n．知识，学问；智慧；至理名言 (教材原句)．..we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine.……我们学到了中医和西医背后的智慧。collective wisdom 集体智慧a man of wisdom 有智慧的人a woman of great wisdom 才女goddess of wisdom 智慧女神words of wisdom 至理名言an example of bravery and wisdom 一个智勇双全的榜样❶That's good wisdom which is wisdom in the end.最后的聪慧才算真聪慧。❷Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.经验是智慧之父，记忆是智慧之母。❸It is wrong to think that all wisdom is contained in books.认为一切学问都包含在书里的想法是错误的。wise adj. 智慧的，明智的wisely adv. 明智地；精明地❹Life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry.生活让智者微笑，让愚者哭泣。❺It was very wise of you to leave then.你那时离开非常明智。❻He wisely decided to tell the truth.他明智地决定实话实说。[拓展] a wise old man智叟a wise decision/move/choice明智的决定/明智的举动/明智的选择It is wise of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是明智的[即学即练] 单句语法填空①I certainly hope to gain a little ________ (wise) as I grow older.②I'm older and ________ (wise) after ten years in the business.③The three of us stood around the machine nodding ________ (wise).完成句子④Before I went off to university my father gave me a few ________________ (至理名言).⑤_____________ (你是明智的) to buy car insurance for your new car.wisdomwiserwiselywords of wisdomIt is wise of you►第二版块|重要短语1)apart from...除……之外(别无)；除……之外(尚有)) I've finished apart from the last question.除了最后一道题外，我全做完了。Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外，在西班牙还有一座别墅。[误区警示] (1)apart from＝aside from＝except for(先说整体，再修正局部)除去……之外❶Everything is wonderful apart from/aside from/except for the terrible food.除了糟糕的食物之外，一切都很好。(2)apart from＝aside from＝besides＝in addition to＝as well as(表示包含在内的)除……之外，还有……❷Apart from/Aside from/Besides/In addition to/As well as Chinese, he can also speak French fluently.除了中文外，他还能说流利的法语。(3)except＝but(不包括在内的)除……之外❸All the boys except Jackson are playing football on the playground.除了杰克逊以外，所有的男孩都在操场上踢足球。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Apart ________ the salary, it's not a bad job.②Apart from ________ (help) the homeless, the organisation also collects money for protecting wild animals.③The room was empty aside ________ one man seated beside the fire.④Everything is quiet, except ________ some barks from far away.⑤In addition ________ the killed and wounded, many were missing.⑥She is a talented musician as well ________ being a photographer.from helping fromforto as2)come across 偶然发现；偶遇；被理解 It was at the airport that I came across one of my university classmates.我是在机场偶然遇见了我的一位大学同学。He spoke for a long time, but his meaning did not come across.他讲了很久，但他的意思还是没有被理解。come about 发生come up to 达到(标准等)；比得上come to 总共；达到；(想法或念头)在……的头脑里冒出come out 出版；出现；结果是come along 出现；一起来come back 回来；再度流行come up 走近，靠近；被提及，被讨论come up with 想出，想到(主意、答案)come over 来访，拜访❶How did the problem come about in the first place?当初这个问题是怎么产生的？❷It came out that he had been telling lies.后来才知道他一直在说谎。❸When the right opportunity comes along, she'll take it.适当的机会来临时，她会抓住的。❹Long hair for men seems to be coming back.男子留长发好像又在流行了。❺What points came up at the meeting?会上讨论了一些什么问题？ [归纳拓展] 表示“偶遇”的短语：run across, meet with, run into, meet... by chance等。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①When reading articles related to science, we often come ________ difficult or unfamiliar words.②The flood came ________ as a result of the heavy rain.③Suddenly the answer came ________ me in a flash.④It came ________ that some government officials received money from that company.⑤Are you sure you really want all our friends to come ________？⑥Long skirts have been out of fashion for a long time, but they are coming ________.⑦Our class came up ________ the idea to make better use of used materials.acrossaboutto out along back with3)with the help of在……的帮助下 We broke open the lock with the help of a hammer.我们用锤子把锁砸开了。With the help of my deskmate, I made great progress in English.在我同桌的帮助下，我的英语取得了很大进步。其它表述“在……帮助下”短语with the assistance of 在……的帮助下with the aid of... 在……帮助下❶She is now able to get around with the aid of a walking stick.她现在能拄着拐杖走路了。❷The work was completed with the assistance of local carpenters.这项工作在当地木匠的帮助下得以完成。[注意] “在……指导下”和“在……领导下”短语不能用介词with，而要用介词under：❸Under the guidance of my teacher, I find the song easy to learn.在老师的指导下，我发现这首歌很容易学。❹Under the leadership of the Party, our country has made great progress in every line.在党的领导下，我国在各行各业都取得了巨大进步。[归纳拓展] be of little help没有多大帮助be of great help＝be very helpful非常有帮助ask for help请求帮助need help需要帮助seek help寻求帮助help(...) out帮助(……)摆脱困境/渡过难关come to one's help来帮某人的忙help oneself to自用；自取[即学即练] 单句语法填空①________ the help of my family, I achieved my goal of setting up a company of my own.②________ the aid of this machine, we finished harvesting all the wheat in the field.③We arrived at the destination finally ________ the assistance of the young driver.④________ the guidance of the professor I succeeded in doing the experiment.WithWith with Under ⑤We got the first place in the contest ________ the leadership of our class director.⑥A good neighbor is also one who likes to help ________ in small ways.⑦I didn't mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help ________ (try) it.⑧Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself ________ a snack.under outtrying to►第三版块|疑难句型1)that引导的同位语从句 (教材原句)However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret.然而，屠呦呦认为中草药可能会起作用。[句式分析] 某些抽象名词如fact, idea, doubt, order, hope, news, promise, truth, conclusion, wish, opinion, happiness等的后面，可以接同位语从句，解释该抽象名词的具体内容。that在同位语从句中不作句子成分，没有实际意义，但不能省略，也不能用which替代。❶The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.多年来，我“不擅长运动”的想法一直困扰着我。❷He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.他问我那项工作是否值得做。[说明] (1)that引导的同位语从句所修饰的常见抽象名词有ability, idea, belief, doubt, evidence, fact, fear, hope, news, proposal, possibility, promise, suggestion, situation, thought, theory, truth, word (消息), order等。❸There is no possibility that Bob can win first prize in the match.鲍勃是不可能在这场比赛中获得第一名的。(2)that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别that引导同位语从句，解释说明一些抽象名词的具体内容。that在同位语从句中不作成分，没有意义，但是不能省略。that引导定语从句，对先行词加以限定，描述其性质或特征。that在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。❹The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(定语从句)他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。❺They made the request that the problem (should) be discussed as soon as possible.(同位语从句)他们要求尽快讨论这个问题。[误区警示] (1)that引导的同位语从句解释说明表示“建议、命令和要求”的名词suggestion, advice, command, demand, order, proposal, request, requirement等时，从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语要用“(should＋) do”形式。❻He agreed with my suggestion that we (should) change the date.他同意我提出的我们更改日期的建议。(2)分隔式同位语从句有时同位语从句不是紧跟在它所解释说明的名词后，而是被别的成分隔开，形成分隔式同位语从句。❼Word came that the sports meeting had been put off.消息传来说，运动会推迟了。[注意] 如果同位语从句中意义和句子成分均完整，则用that引导；如果同位语从句意义不完整，则根据从句表达的意义选取相应的连词：whether是否(if不能引导同位语从句)；who谁；what什么；which哪一个；when何时；where何地；why为何；how如何。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The news ________ our team has won the game is really encouraging.②There is much chance ________ Bill will recover from his injury for the race.③She made a good suggestion ________ would be of benefit to the classmates, so we adopted it.④The advice that he ______________ (invite) to the party was taken.⑤You should keep the promise _____________ you made.⑥What motivated me was the promise ________ one day my dreams would come true.that that that/which(should) be invitedthat/which/不填that 判断下列句中含有哪种从句⑦There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.________⑧The report that will be given tomorrow is important to us.________⑨The thought came to her that maybe she left the door open when she left home.________⑩His father works in a factory that makes radio parts.________同位语从句定语从句同位语从句定语从句2)not only... but also...不但……而且…… (教材原句)．.. Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”……屠呦呦说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”[句式分析] not only... but also...是并列连词，连接两个对等的成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可连接两个分句。not only... but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”。not only... but also...连接两个分句，且not only位于句首时，not only分句要用部分倒装，but also分句不倒装。Not only do the teachers have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.对于这件事，不仅老师们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。but和also有时可省略其中一个，或将also换为too, as well(位于句末)。❶There, he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker.在那里，他不仅作为一个学生做得很好，而且成了一个才华横溢的演说家。❷As we all expect, the film will be not only meaningful but also interesting.正如我们大家所期望的那样，这部电影将不仅是有意义的，而且也是有趣的。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Not only you but also Judy ________ (be) to blame for this accident.②Not only my parents but also I ________ (be) fond of music.③Not only _______ the prices ________ (increase), but their wages ___________ (raise) as well.完成句子④I can speak ________ English _________ French(不但……而且……).⑤_______ can I speak English _______ French(不但……而且……).⑥________ can I speak English but French _______(不但……而且……).isamdidincreasewere raisednot onlybut alsoNot onlybut alsoNot onlyas well3)whose引导定语从句 (教材原句)Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned.尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一名国际知名的科学家。[句式分析] whose引导定语从句，先行词既可以指人也可以指物。·先行词指人时，whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of whom＝of whom＋the＋名词·先行词指物时，whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which＝of which＋the＋名词例如：(1)We rushed over to help the man，那个人的车坏了，我们跑过去帮忙。(2)He lives in a house他住在一栋窗户朝向大海的房子里。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.②My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.③You're the only one ________ advice he might listen to.④I'd like a room ________ window looks out over the sea.whose whose whose whose一句多译(完成句子)⑤当心！不要太靠近那座建筑物，它的墙正在被粉刷。Watch out! Don't get too close to the building _________ walls are being painted.⑥Watch out! Don't get too close to the building ________________ are being painted.⑦Watch out! Don't get too close to the building ______________ are being painted. whosethe walls of which of which the wallsⅠ.单词拼写1．I've read all the available ________ (文献资料) on keeping rabbits.2．The result is interesting and different, but do not attempt the ________ (食谱) if time is short.3．We do not have the ________ (资源) to update our computer software.4．He was responsible for hiring and firing ________ (员工).5．Our monitor gains ________ (名声) for being generous with his money to help others.6．The ________ (委员会) has decided to set the stage for it.7．It's my great ________ (荣誉) to attend the award ceremony today.literaturereciperesourcesstafffamecommitteehonour8．He received the award in ________ (赞扬) of his success over the past years.9．We need to ________ (建立) a legal framework for the protection of the ecology.10．This ________ (化学品) has a wide range of industrial uses.11．Her voice was shaking ________ (尽管) all her efforts to control it.12．There is only one thing that people can't take away from you, and that is your ________ (智慧)!13．It was the first time that Jane and I had been ________ (分开) for more than a week.recognitionestablishchemicaldespitewisdomapart14．The ________ (药物) will be useful to millions of infected people.15．A high percentage of the ________ (女性) staff are part－time workers.16．The way children talk about or express their feelings depends on their age and ________ (阶段) of development.17．He was ________ (给予) ￡50，000 in damages.drugfemalestage awardedⅡ.短语填空apart from, stage by stage, one by one, lead to, hundreds of，with the help of1．There are ___________ poisonous insects.2．Officials must often count up the votes __________， going through every ballot and recording the vote.3．He was standing a bit __________ the rest of the explorers, watching us.hundreds ofone by oneapart from4．The admirable police are building up a picture of the incident ________________．5．Failing to keep the chemical at the right temperature could __________ an explosion.6．_____________ our teacher, we are sure to be admitted by a famous university.stage by stagelead toWith the help ofⅢ.单句语法填空A 1．When sober, he can come ________ as an extremely pleasant and charming young man.2．Additionally, we select our teachers ____their engaging personalities.3．These programs will integrate ________ your existing software.4．Eventually, he was honoured with an award along ________ his mentor.acrossforinto/withwith5．________ (eventual) your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.6．I want to thank the nurses, men and women, ________ care has been so surprising.7．There is nothing to be gained ________ delaying the remarkable decision.8．We must make the most of the available financial ________ (resource).EventuallywhosefromresourcesB 1．[重庆卷]Apart ________ an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.2．[新高考全国Ⅰ卷]However, the majority of people are ________ (effect) speakers because they train to be.1．答案与解析：from 句意：除了(apart from)大象肚子里偶尔发出的声音，森林里一片寂静。2．答案与解析：effective 用形容词作定语。句意：然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。3．[江苏卷]Wilson received several international ________ (award) for his great contributions.4．[2020·天津二考]—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call ________ advance.—Good point. I will.3．答案与解析：awards several后用名词的复数形式。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几项国际奖。4．答案与解析：in in advance提前。句意：“下次你去拜访鲍勃的时候，记得提前给他打个电话。”“好主意。我会的。”5．[2021·浙江二考]He explained our basic task, the tractor fired up and we were off, riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with ________(chemical).6．[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural ________ (resource) wisely.5．答案与解析：chemicals chemical当“化学品”讲是可数名词。句意：他解释了我们的基本任务，拖拉机发动起来，我们就出发了，沿着田野寻找可以喷洒化学药剂的杂草。6．答案与解析：resources resource当“资源”讲时，是可数名词。句意：印第安人明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。7．[江苏卷]Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of ________ (limit) resources.8．[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.7．答案与解析：limited 句意：对新技术影响的误判会导致有限资源的浪费。8．答案与解析：eventually 动词由副词来修饰。句意：大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善大熊猫种群和大熊猫家园之间的连通性，最终使其达到预期的野生种群水平。9．[全国Ⅱ卷]However, the railway quickly proved to be ________ great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using it every day.10．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]Judges will choose up to 50 ________ (honour) mention winners, who will each receive a T－shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.9．答案与解析：a success此处是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“一件成功的事”。句意：然而，这条铁路很快被证明是一个巨大的成功，在6个月内，每天有超过25 000人使用它。10．答案与解析：honourable 用形容词作定语。句意：评委们将选出多达50名获奖者，每人将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤衫。11．[浙江一考]I ________ (gain) five pounds since I arrived.12．[江苏卷]The purchase price could also be a signal that an ________ (establish) company is buying a newborn threat.11．答案与解析：have gained 根据时间状语从句since I arrived可知，主句用现在完成时。12．答案与解析：established 此处用过去分词作定语，修饰company。that引导名词signal的同位语从句。Ⅳ.完成句子1．你的索赔应当能成功，假如这样的话，损害赔偿金将会相当可观。Your claim ought to succeed, ____________ the damages will be quite substantial.2．他比我年纪大这一事实无关紧要。___________ he's older than me is irrelevant.3．我看见一个人正冲着一个司机大喊，那个司机的车堵住了街道。I saw a man shouting at a driver ________ car was blocking the street.in which caseThe fact thatwhose4．邻居们借助一把梯子把孩子们从大火中救了出来。_____________ a ladder, neighbours were able to rescue the children from the blaze.5．她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机软件。_______ can she speak Spanish, she's ______ good at computer software.With the help ofNot onlyalso
Section B Lesson 1 A Medical PioneerⅠ.基础词汇1．____________ vt. 授予；给予 n. 奖；奖品；奖金；奖状2．____________ v. 获得，赢得，取得；受益 n. 好处；利益3．____________ n. 蚊子4．____________ n. 舞台；阶段5．____________ prep. 尽管；虽然awardgain mosquito stagedespite6．____________ n. 全体职员，员工7．____________ n. 药草8．____________ n. 处方；秘诀9．____________ n. 物力；资源10．____________ n. 药物，药材；毒品staffherbrecipe resource drugⅡ.拓展词汇1．limit n．限度；限制；限量；界限 v．限制；限定；限量→________ adj.有限的2．eventual adj.最后的；最终的；结果的→________ adv.最终；终于3．promise v．许诺；承诺；答应；预示→________ adj.大有希望的4．fame n．名声，名誉→________ adj.著名的5．wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的→________ n．知识；学问；智慧limited eventually promising famous wisdom6．advance n．发展；进步→________ adj.高级的7．integrate vi. & vt.(使)结合；(使)成为一体→________ n．结合；一体化；融合8．effect n．效应；影响；结果；效果→________ adj.有效的，产生预期效果的9．honour n. 荣誉→________ adj.可敬的；品格高尚的10．recognise v．赞赏；赞成→________ n．表彰；赞扬11．academy n. 研究院；学会→________ adj.学业的；教学的，学术的advanced integration effective honourablerecognition academicⅢ.重点短语(英汉互译)A 写出下列短语的汉意1．an infectious disease ________________2．apart from... ________________3．an effective cure ________________4．a vaccine against ________________5．a medical researcher ________________6．be awarded... for... ________________7．the development of new drugs ________________传染病 除……之外有效的治疗方法 抗……疫苗医学研究员因……而被授予……新药的开发8．recognition and encouragement ________________9．gain a deep knowledge about ________________10．establish a team ________________11．one by one ________________12．limited resources ________________13．air quality ________________14．come across ________________15．be fully integrated ________________赞扬和鼓励 对……有深刻了解组建一个团队一个接一个，逐一有限的资源 空气质量偶然发现；偶遇完全融合B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语1．________________ 数以百万计的2.________________ 医学文献资料3．____________________ 传统中医4．________________ 传统处方5．______________________ 采用现代研究方法6．________________ 志愿成为……7．________________ 准备做……millions of medical literaturetraditional Chinese medicinetraditional recipesuse modern research methodsvolunteer to be...be ready to do...8．_______________________ 世界上最有效的药物9．________________ 对名誉感兴趣10．_______________________ 国际上著名的11．________________ 在困难时期12．________________ 做某事的能力13．________________ 实现某人的目标14．___________________________ 未来发展的巨大潜力15．________________ 女科学家the world's most effective drugbe interested in famebe internationally renownedduring a difficult timethe ability to do sth.achieve one's goalgreat potential for future advances a female scientistⅠ.课文思维导图Ⅱ.课文阅读理解1．What's the text mainly about?A.A battle against malaria.B.A research of malaria.C.Tu Youyou—a medical pioneer.D.Artemisinin—the most effective medicine.C2．Which of the following might be effective in fighting malaria?A．Chinese herbs. B．Chemicals.C．Western medicine. D．Animal bones.A3．What can we learn from the text?A.The drugs were experimented with animals.B.Tu Youyou and her team devoted themselves to research.C.The drugs were tested on her teammates.D.Tu Youyou and her team used ancient research methods to study Chinese herbs.B4．What can be inferred from the text?A．Tu Youyou likes attending a wide range of social activities.B.Tu Youyou worked with foreign doctors in developing artemisinin.C.Tu Youyou hopes that Chinese and Western medicine can be fully integrated.D.Tu Youyou looks down upon those who do nothing.CⅢ.课文语法填空In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. She was the first Chinese female scientist 1.__________ (award) the prize for her great contributions to medicine. Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin, the world's most 2.________ (effect) drug for fighting malaria. The drugs 3.________ (save) the lives of millions so far. When 4.________ (thank) the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also 5.________ (recognise) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”to be awardedeffective have savedthankingrecognition After graduating from Peking University Health Science Centre, Tu Youyou worked in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and gained 6.________ deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria. Across the world, scientists tested over 240，000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea 7.________ Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She and her team used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.athat This was not an easy work. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they 8.________ (eventual) found a promising chemical. They tested themselves and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin.In 2019, Tu Youyou 9.____________ (select) by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century. 10.________ her age, Tu Youyou continues to conduct research.eventually was selectedDespite教材助读·开放课堂[词汇注释]①stage/steɪdʒ/n.舞台；阶段②drug/drʌɡ/n.药物，药材；毒品※the lifesaving drug救命药③with the help of在……的帮助下④female/'fiːmeɪl/adj.女(性)的⑤award/ə'wɔːd/vt.授予；给予※be awarded...for...因……而被授予……⑥committee/kə'mɪti/n.委员会⑦lead to 引起；导致⑧honour/'ɒnə/n.荣誉 vt.感到荣幸※It's an honour to do sth.做某事是一种荣幸⑨recognition/ˌrekəɡ'nɪʃən/n.表彰；赞扬※recognise v．辨认出；承认；认可⑩academy/ə'kædəmi/n.研究会；学会⑪gain/geɪn/v.获得，赢得，取得；受益 n．好处；利益※gain a deep knowledge about 对……有深刻了解⑫traditional practices 传统医学⑬establish/ɪ'stæblɪʃ/vt.建立，设立※establish a team组建团队⑭a cure for……的治疗方法⑮millions of数以百万计的⑯across the world 全世界 ⑰chemical/'kemɪkəl/n.化学品 adj.化学的⑱herb/hɜːb/n.药草⑲literature/'lɪtərətʃə/n.文献资料；著述；文学⑳recipe/'resɪpi/n.处方；秘诀(21) (be) connected to与……有联系(22)one by one一个接一个，逐一(23)limited/'lɪmɪtɪd/ adj.有限的(24)resource/rɪ'zɔːs/n.物力；资源※limited resources有限资源(25)staff/stɑːf/n.全体职员，员工(26)eventually/ɪ'ventʃuəli/ adv.最终；终于(27)come across偶然发现；偶遇(28)promising/'prɒmɪsɪŋ/adj.大有希望的※promise v. 承诺；答应；保证(29)volunteer to do sth.志愿做某事(30)a success 一个成功的人或一件成功的事(31)effective /ɪ'fektɪv/adj.有效的，产生预期效果的(32)*fame/feɪm/n.名声，名誉(33)*renowned/rɪ'naʊnd/adj.著名的，有名望的(34)be selected as被选为(35)one of the most influential figures of science科学界最具影响力的人物之一(36)be noted for因……而出名(37)bridge vt.架起桥梁；弥合(差距)(38)despite/dɪ'spaɪt/prep.尽管；虽然※despite＝in spite of(39)wisdom/'wɪzdəm/n.知识，学问；智慧※the wisdom behind...……背后的智慧(40)potential/pə'tenʃəl/n.潜力；可能性※There is great potential for...在……方面有巨大的潜力。(41)advance/əd'vɑːns/n.发展；进步(42)integrate/'ɪntɪɡreɪt/vi. & vt. (使)结合；(使)成为一体※integrate...with...……与……成为一体, [教材原文]At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84yearold Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage①. She began to talk about the lifesaving drug②， artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of③ her team in the 1970s. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female④ scientist to be awarded⑤ a Nobel Prize for her work. A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee⑥ called Hans Forssberg explained that“the discovery of artemisinin has led to⑦ the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”. [1]When thanking the Committee for the honour⑧， Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition⑨ of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”[1]※句子的主干是A scientist explained that...，that引导宾语从句；who和which引导的定语从句分别修饰 A scientist与new drugs。Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation, she became a member of China AcademyB10 of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained⑪ a deep knowledge about traditional practices⑫.[2][2]※“介词from＋关系代词whom”引导的定语从句，修饰experts。In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish⑬ a team to find a cure for⑭ malaria—a disease that killed millions of⑮ people every year. Across the world⑯， scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240，000 chemicals⑰ with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs⑱ might hold the secret．[3] She studied ancient Chinese medical literature⑲ and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes⑳ connected to21 antimalarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.22[3]※句中that引导同位语从句，对idea进行解释说明。This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited23 resources24 .[4]They did not have enough staff25, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.[5] However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually26 came across27 a promising28 chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to29 be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success30. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's most effective31 drug for fighting malaria.Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame32, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned33. In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as34 one of the most influential figures of science35 in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou was noted for36 her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged37 the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite38 her age. According to Tu Youyou, “From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom39 behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potential40 for future advances41 if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated42”．[4]※固定句式：The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……。why引导定语从句，修饰The reason；that引导表语从句。[5]※句中and连接两个并列分句，后一个分句中，含有“介词in＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰the laboratory。[汉语译文]在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台(stage)。她开始介绍挽救生命的药物(drug)——青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得(award)诺贝尔奖的女(female)科学家。诺贝尔奖委员会(committee)的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说：“青蒿素的发现使得新药得以开发，这些药物拯救了数百万人的生命。”在感谢委员会授予的荣誉(honour)时，屠呦呦说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可(recognition)和鼓励。” 1930年12月30日，屠呦呦出生于中国浙江省。她曾在北京大学健康科学中心学习医学。毕业后，她成为中国中医科学研究院(academy)的一员。后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医，获得(gain)对传统医学的深刻了解。1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建(establish)一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法，疟疾是一种每年导致数百万人死亡的疾病。世界各地的科学家都在试图找到治疗方法。他们测试了超过24万种化学物质(chemical)，仍然没有成功。然而，屠呦呦认为中草药(herb)可能会起作用。她研究了古代的中医文献资料(literature)，拜访了传统中医界的专家。她研究了数百种与抗疟疾治疗有关的传统配方(recipe)。随后，屠呦呦和她的团队开始采用现代的研究方法对这些中草药逐一进行研究。这不是一项容易的任务，因为团队资源(resource)有限(limited)。他们没有足够的工作人员(staff)，并且他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终(eventually)发现(come across)了一种有前景的(promising)化学物质。这种物质在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。当他们准备开始测试时，屠呦呦勇敢地志愿成为第一个人类实验对象，团队中的其他人也紧随其后。这次测试很成功。他们发现的青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的(effective)药物。尽管屠呦呦对名誉(fame)不感兴趣，但她已成为一名国际知名的(renowned)科学家。2019年．她被英国广播公司选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和艾伦·麦席森·图灵齐名。屠呦呦在中国科学的困难时期勇敢地成为一名科研人员，用古老的智慧和全新的方法实现目标，她的事业贯通了东西方世界，拯救了数百万人的生命，因此而闻名于世。如今，虽然(despite)年事已高，屠呦呦仍然继续做研究。她说：“从发现青蒿素的研究经验中，我们学到了中医和西医背后的智慧。如果这两种智慧(wisdom)能够完全融合(integrate)，未来将有巨大的发展(advance)潜力(potential)。” 核心探究·讲练互动►第一版块|核心单词1)apart adj. & adv.分开，散开；相隔，相距) (教材原句)Malaria kills over 1，000，000 people a year—more people than any disease apart from AIDS.每年有超过100万人死于疟疾，这比除艾滋病之外的任何疾病都要多。come/fall apart 崩溃；破裂；土崩瓦解live apart 分开居住take apart 拆开，拆卸keep...apart 把……分开set...apart from 使……与众不同tell...apart 把……区分开tear apart 撕毁，撕碎，撕开❶At that time we were never apart.那时我们从不分开。❷To our regret, his marriage fell apart.令我们遗憾的是，他的婚姻破裂了。❸Li Hua and his sister Li Hong lived just 25 miles apart from each other.李华和妹妹李红住得彼此仅隔25英里。❹Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.罗德喜欢把钟表拆开，但他从未能再组装上。 [语境助记] She keeps herself apart from other people.她与其他人保持距离。I can't tell the twins apart.我区分不开这对双胞胎。[即学即练] 完成句子①I ______________ (要崩溃了). I wasn't getting any sleep.②He had a deep voice, which _______________ (使他与……不同) others in our small town.③It's easy to ______________ (区分开我的药片) because they're all different colours.④They live on the same street, ________________ (相隔大约两个街区).⑤He ______________________ (把煮好的鸡肉撕开) and began to eat it.was falling apartset him apart fromtell my pills apartabout two blocks aparttore the cooked chicken apart2)effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的；生效的，起作用的 effectively adv.有效地 (教材原句)The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective cure.含有青蒿素的药物已被证明是最有效的治疗方法。be effective against 有对抗……的效力be effective from 从……起生效take effective measures to do sth. 采取有效措施做某事❶You want to be an effective public speaker.你想成为一个有影响力的公众演说家。❷The new speed limit on this road becomes effective from 1 June.这条路上新的限速规定自6月1日起生效。❸You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions.你们应采取有效措施来改善你们的工作条件。❹The public should be educated to use resources more effectively.应该教育大众更有效地使用资源。[拓展] effect n．效果；影响come into effect生效；开始实施 have an effect on对……有影响take effect生效；起作用 in effect实际上；有效side effect副作用[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Group exercise is one of the ___________ (effective) ways to improve physical fitness.②Our government has taken ________ (effect) measures to prevent drunk driving.③I doubt whether soap should be effective ________ all flu viruses.④If you can use a word correctly and ________ (effective), you understand it.⑤His wife has, _______ effect, run the government for the past six months.⑥When do the new driving laws come ________ effect?⑦Does television have an effect ________ children's behaviour？most effectiveeffectiveagainst effectivelyin into on3)stage n．舞台，戏剧；阶段，时期，状态 (教材原句)At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84yearold Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage.在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台。early stages 早期，初期at one stage 有一段时间go on the stage 当演员on stage 在舞台上stage by stage 逐步地，一步一步地set the stage for 为……做好准备later stages 后续阶段in stages 分阶段地take centre stage 成为关注的焦点at different stages of development 处在不同的发展阶段go through a stage 经历某一阶段❶There were more than 50 people on stage in one scene.有一场戏中舞台上有50多个人。❷His parents didn't want him to go on the stage.他父母不想让他当演员。❸Don't worry about the baby not wanting to leave you—it's a stage they go through.宝宝不肯离开你别担心，他们总要经过这个阶段。❹At one stage it looked as though they would win.有一段时间，他们好像会获胜。❺While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.尽管中学通常不鼓励学生对人生的新的方面进行探索，然而大学却要为这一探索作准备。[误区警示] 当名词stage表示“阶段”时，较为抽象，后接定语从句时，如果定语从句中不缺主语和宾语，常用关系副词where来引导从句。Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他们的孩子已经到了能说单个单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。[相关拓展] stage＋where/in which＋定语从句当先行词是case, situation, position, point, stage等表抽象地点的名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语时，定语从句常用where或in which引导。The matter has reached a stage where they have to give in.事情已经发展到他们不得不屈服的地步。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①When the superstar appeared ________ stage, all the audience stood up to applaud.②________ some stage we need to calculate when the project will be finished.③The police are building up a picture of the incident stage ________ stage.④These effective measures have helped to set the stage ________ economic recovery after the big earthquake.⑤Andrew spends all his spare time playing with his computer but it's probably just a stage ________ he's going through.on At by forthat/which完成句子⑥The government is at a stage ______________________________ (愿意与任何人对话的地步).where it is willing to talk to almost anyone4)award vt.授予；给予 n．奖；奖品；奖金 (教材原句)The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。(1)vt.授予；给予award sth. to sb.＝award sb. sth. 把某物授予某人❶The mayor awarded Li Ming the first prize.市长授予李明一等奖。＝The mayor awarded the first prize to Li Ming.＝Li Ming was awarded the first prize by the mayor.(2)n.奖；奖品；奖金an award presentation/ceremony 颁奖；颁奖仪式give/present sb. an award (for) (因……)给某人颁奖get/receive/win/gain/obtain an award (for...) (因……)获奖present sb. with an award 给某人颁奖❷Our headteacher gave Li Hong an award for her excellent performance.我们校长给李红颁奖以表彰她的杰出表现。❸The film won an award for its photography.这部电影因其摄影而获奖。[比较] award/reward/prize·award名词：奖励、奖赏、奖品；动词：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.奖励某人某物。award多指官方颁发的奖品、奖金，强调荣誉。·reward名词：回报，酬谢，悬赏金；动词：reward sb. with sth.以某物奖赏某人。reward多指对某人的工作或服务等的回报、报酬，可以是金钱，也可以是物品或精神奖励。·prize名词：多指在比赛、竞争或抽奖中获得的奖。[语境助记]The movie has won a number of awards.该片获得了多个奖项。Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made.赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。First prize is a fortnight in Barbados and second prize is a weekend in Rome.一等奖是在巴巴多斯待两周，二等奖是在罗马度周末。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The winner received a gold medal as ________ award.②A medal was awarded ________ the best speaker in the class.③Mo Yan _________ (award) the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people's longheld dreams come true.④The award ________ this year's best actress went to Emma Stone.⑤His movie won several ________ (award) at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream.antowas awardedforawards选词填空：award/reward/prize⑥Mrs Taylor has an 8yearold daughter who has a gift for painting—she has won two national ________．⑦A ￡100 ________ has been offered for the return of the necklace.⑧The child smiled at his teacher as he received the ________．prizesrewardaward5)committee n．委员会(集体名词) (教材原句)A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that...诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说……committee members 委员会成员set up the committee 成立委员会❶The committee was made up of professors and engineers.委员会由教授和工程师组成。[归纳拓展](1)其他类似的集体名词还有：audience, class, club, company, crew, crowd, enemy, family, government, group, party, public, staff, team等。❷His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。(2)还有一些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。❸The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜寻那个小偷。[误区警示] committee是集体名词，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果表示委员会中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委员会已决定辞退他。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The committee ________ (be) concerned about the large number of prisoners in this area.②The committee who ________ (be) responsible for this decision would consider it over again.③The police ________ (be) looking for a second car, which appeared on the crime scene the other day.④There ________ no cattle, no people, no human footprints at all.is/arewereareare完成句子⑤The Prime Minister will ________________ (成立委员会) to look into the matter.⑥全家人都在看电视。__________________________________________________________set up the committeeThe whole family are watching TV.6)honour n．荣誉，荣幸，光荣；尊敬，尊重，崇敬；引起尊敬(或尊重、崇敬)的人(或事物) vt.使感到荣幸；给……荣誉；表彰；尊重 (教材原句)This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。(1)n.荣誉，荣幸，光荣；尊敬，尊重，崇敬；引起尊敬(或尊重、崇敬)的人(或事物)(→honourable adj.可敬的；品格高尚的)in honour of sb./in sb.'s honour 向某人表示敬意；纪念某人show honour to sb. 对某人表示敬意have the honour of doing sth. 有幸做某事feel it an honour to do sth. 感觉做某事很荣幸it is an honour to do sth. 做某事很荣幸do sb. an honour 使某人增光，给某人带来荣誉❶We celebrate Mother's Day in honour of our mothers.我们庆祝母亲节是为了向母亲表示敬意。❷May I have the honour of this dance?可以赏光和我跳这支舞吗？❸I feel it an honour to have a chance to get together with you.有机会与你们欢聚一堂我感到很荣幸。❹So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base.因此，受邀到非营利的熊猫基地(参观)是莫大的荣耀。(2)vt.使感到荣幸；尊重，尊敬；给予表扬❺We feel very honoured to be invited to attend the conference.应邀来参加这次大会我们深感荣幸。❻They gave their lives for their country and were honoured as heroes.他们为祖国献出了生命，被尊为英雄。[语境助记] In my office only I was honoured with an invitation.我办公室里只有我荣幸地受到邀请。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It is indeed ________ honour to serve my country in such a position.②If I have the honour of ___________ (choose) as a volunteer, I will try my best to offer the best service.③She felt ________ an honour to have taken part in the work.④A ceremony was held ________ those soldiers' honour.⑤The Dragon Boat Festival takes place every year in honour ________ the great poet—Qu Yuan.anbeing chosenitinof⑥I'm glad to see that you've decided to honour us ______ your presence!⑦Yuan Longping is honoured ________ his great contributions to agriculture.⑧I feel ________ (honour) to be invited here to give you a lecture.完成句子⑨Two firefighters have ________________ (因……获得嘉奖) their courage.⑩We had a great party to ____________ (对……表示敬意) the famous scientist.withforhonouredbeen honoured forshow honour to7)recognition n．表彰，赞扬；认出，认识，识别；承认，认可 gain/win recognition of... 得到……的赞扬/认可in recognition of/for sth. 表彰……beyond/out of (all) recognition 变得面目全非；(完全)认不出……give sb. recognition 给予某人认可/承认be given recognition 得到承认/认可the recognition of 对……的认可❶Traditional Chinese paintings have won recognition of the people all over the world.传统的中国绘画已经赢得了全世界人民的认可。❷He received the award in recognition of his achievement over the past year.他受到了奖励，这是对他过去一年的成就的肯定。❸The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.自从我上次离开这里以来，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。recognise vt. 赞赏，赏识，看重；公认；辨认，识别；承认，意识到recognise sb./sth. as... 公认某人/某物为……recognise sb./sth. to be... 承认某人/某事是……be recognised as/to be... 被认为是……recognise...by... 通过……认出recognise that... 承认/意识到……❹I recognised him by his red hair as soon as he came in the room.他一进房间我就从他的红头发认出了他。❺Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel.自1958年，它们被公认为是以色列的国家剧院。 [拓展]recognisable adj.可识别的；可辨认的After so many years she was still immediately recognisable．过了这么多年，还是一眼就能认出她。It is recognised that...……是大家认可/承认的。It is recognised that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.大家承认简是我们当中最聪明的女孩。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①At last, her father's work has received popular ________ (recognise).②The prize goes to Mr Smith in recognition ________ his achievement in the field of medicine.③With the development of its economy, Tianjin has changed ________ recognition in the last few years.④The hospital is recognised ________ a centre of excellence in research and teaching.完成句子⑤These brands ________________________ (已经获得认可) the local market.⑥________________ (大家一致认为) environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems.recognitionofbeyondashave already gained recognition ofIt is recognised that8)gain vt.获得，赢得，取得 vt. & vi.受益；(钟表等)走得快 vt.增加 n．好处；利益 (教材原句)．..she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.……她获得对传统医学的深刻了解。gain permission/recognition 获得许可/认可gain entrance/entry/access to sth. 得以进入/接近某物gain the/one's attention 赢得关注gain one's respect/trust 获得某人的尊重/信任gain from... 从……中获益gain (sth.) from... 从……中获得……❶While working in that organisation, I gained a lot of experience.在那个组织工作时，我获得了很多经验。❷Her unusual talent gained her worldwide recognition.她非凡的才能举世公认。❸Nothing ventured, nothing gained.(谚)不入虎穴，焉得虎子。❹Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.总是寻找一种新的方式在这里或者那里挽回一个小时。❺They gained greatly from this experiment.在这次实验中，他们收获很大。❻My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours.我的手表每24小时快两分钟。❼No gain without pain.(谚)不劳则无获。❽A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。[拓展] gain a reputation获得声望gain speed加快速度gain weight增加体重gain independence赢得独立gain popularity受欢迎gain experience获得经验gain knowledge获得知识[即学即练] 单句语法填空①These policies have resulted in great ________ (gain) in public health.②It is sad that a major company should try to gain ________ other people's suffering.③There is nothing to ________ (gain) from delaying the decision.gains from be gained写出句中gain的词性及含义④You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.____________⑤He put a lot of money into the firm with the hope of gain in the future.____________⑥Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.____________⑦The man gained a lot in the business, but he lost the respect of his friends.____________动词，获得 名词，利润 动词，增加动词，受益9)establish vt.建立，设立，确立；确定，证实 (教材原句)In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria...1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法……establish a company 建立公司establish a new research centre 建立一个新的研究中心establish a reputation 树立声誉establish relations/links/contact with sb. 与某人建立关系/联系establish sb. as/sb. be established as 任命某人担任……establish oneself in/sb. be established in 某人立足于……；某人定居于……It has been established that... 已证实……❶The school has established a good relationship with the local community.这所学校与当地社区建立了良好的关系。❷The police are still trying to establish the cause of the accident.警方仍在努力确定事故的原因。❸He established himself as governor of the province.他受命当这个省的省长。❹A new doctor has established himself in this street.一位新来的医生在这条街上开业了。❺It has been established that his injuries were caused by a fall.已经证实他是摔伤的。established adj. 已确立的，确定的；公认的establishment n. 机构；团体；建立；创立get/become established 立足；站稳脚跟the establishment of ……的建立❻How long did it take you to become established in the office？你用了多长时间才在这个办公室站住了脚？❼The speaker announced the establishment of a new college.发言人宣布了新学院的成立。 [易混词语比较]establish和set up都表示“建立，设立(公司、机构)”，但set up不如establish正式，set up是日常英语中的常用短语。·open开设，开办(向公众提供服务的企业，如商店、餐馆、酒店等)·found创立(公司、学校、医院等机构，尤指为其提供奖金)[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It is said that the committee ____________ (establish) in 1912.②This unit is now ________ established part of the course.③Many teachers are now comfortably established ________ their new houses.④What he did made others laugh at him, which made it hard for him to become ________ (establish) in the organisation.⑤The next stage is to get the elephant to the training ____________ (establish).⑥________ has been established that the horse was drugged.was establishedaninestablishedestablishmentIt完成句子⑦Mr Smith ______________ (被任命为) governor of the state.⑧After graduation, he set up his company and gradually __________________ (树立了声誉).was established asestablished a reputation10)chemical n．化学品(常用复数) adj.化学的 chemist n．化学家，药剂师 (教材原句)They tested more than 240，000 chemicals with no success.他们测试了超过24万种化学物质，仍然没有成功。(1)chemical industry 化学工业chemical change/reaction 化学变化/反应agricultural chemicals 农药the organic chemical 有机化学品chemical engineering 化学工程chemical research 化学研究a chemical element 化学元素(2)the chemist's shop 药店❶Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.有些植物排出有臭味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。❷The chemical change takes place in paper when it burns.纸燃烧时会产生化学变化。❸A chemist can separate a medicine into its components.化学家能把一种药物的各种成分分解出来。[拓展]chemistry n．化学The new chemistry lab was paid by sponsors of the college.新的化学实验室是由学院的资助者出钱建的。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The government has called on people to reduce the amount of ________ (chemical) used in food production.②The ________ (chemistry) industry produces such things as petrochemicals, drugs, and rubber.③She worked as ________ chemist for the water company.完成句子④When _______________ (一个化学变化) takes place, one or more substances are formed.chemicalschemical a a chemical change11)resource n．(常作复数)物力；资源；财力 (教材原句)．..the team had limited resources.……团队资源有限。(1)mineral resources 矿产资源natural resources 自然资源resources for learning 学习资料develop/waste resources 开发/浪费资源financial resources 财力human resources 人力资源abundant/rich/limited resources 充足的/丰富的/有限的资源(2)pool one's resources 集中某人的资源waste resources 浪费资源❶In this poor country, some families don't have the resources to feed themselves properly.在这个贫穷的国家，有些家庭无力维持生活。❷We should take full advantage of natural resources.我们要充分利用自然资源。[比较] resource/source·resource表示抽象概念“资源”，water resources水力资源；·source表示具体概念“来源”，water sources水源。[拓展] a food/an energy source食物/能量来源a source of income收入来源the source of the Nile尼罗河的发源地[即学即练] 单句语法填空①We need to concentrate ________ (resource) on the poorest areas.②The Internet is often used as ________ resource and as a tool for distance learning.选词填空：resource/source③Your local library will be a useful ________ of information.④There's a great shortage of ________ materials in many schools. resourcesasourceresource12)staff n．全体职员，员工 (教材原句)They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.他们没有足够的工作人员，并且他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。a staff meeting 员工会议the entire staff 全体员工staff members 职工a staff restaurant 职工食堂medical/teaching staff 全体医务人员/教师staff development/training 员工培养/培训❶Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests, like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.工作人员会为客人们举办大量的酒吧活动，比如免费拍照、酒吧巡游和卡拉OK。[特别提醒] staff是集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。❷The staff were very good.员工们都很棒。❸The staff was seated at last.终于，全体人员都已落座了。[知识拓展] 高中阶段常见的集体名词：family 家庭audience 观众committee 委员会public 公众crew 全体人员[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The staff ________ (be) not very happy about the latest pay increase.②The staff ________ (be) working on final arrangements for the conference.翻译句子③该校的教师队伍是优秀的。__________________________________________________________are isThe school's teaching staff is/are excellent.13)eventually adv.最终；终于 eventual adj.最后的，最终的 (教材原句)However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical.然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种有前景的化学物质。the eventual decision/result/victory最终的决定/结果/胜利❶After several attempts, they eventually climbed to the top of the mountain.经过几次尝试，他们最终爬上了山顶。❷Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.埃勒斯最终成功地把这只动物哄到了他身边。❸Tom had forgotten the eventual outcome.汤姆已经忘了最后的结果。❹His foolish behaviour led to his eventual failure.他的愚蠢行为导致了他最终的失败。[归纳拓展] eventually的同义词语常见的有in the end, at last, at length, finally, lastly等注意：表示列举时，最后一项用finally而不用eventually。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①I ________ (eventual) realised I had to change my attitude towards medical work.②He hated his stepfather and ________ (eventual) ran away from home.③________ the end, we all decided to organise a concert for Easter.④He was glad to see his daughter's life ________ last returned to normal.eventually eventually In at14)promising adj.大有希望的，有前途的，有出息的 He was voted the most promising new actor for his part in the movie.他因在该电影中扮演的角色而获评为最有前途的新演员。promising future 光明的前途promising young people 后起之秀[拓展] promise v. & n．(1)v.许诺，承诺，答应，保证；使很可能，预示promise to do sth. 答应做某事promise sb. sth./promise sth. to sb. 答应把某物给某人promise to be sth. 有……的希望promise (sb.)＋that从句 (向某人)许诺……❶The college principal promised to look into the matter.学院院长答应研究这个问题。❷He promised his grandchildren the money.他答应给孙子孙女们这笔钱。❸It promises to be an exciting day.这将是令人兴奋的一天。❹The brochure promised (that) the local food would be superb.旅游手册中保证说当地有极佳的美食。❺Dropping ears of rice promise another good harvest.沉甸甸的稻穗预示着又一次丰收。(2)n.诺言，许诺，承诺；希望make/keep/break a promise 许下/信守/违背诺言carry out one's promise 履行诺言live up to one's promise 信守诺言❻She kept her promise to visit her aunt regularly.她信守诺言，定期去看望姑妈。❼He always does his best to live up to his promise and men like that are hard to find.他总是尽力做到信守承诺，像这样的人很难找到。[拓展] a promising career in law很有前途的法律职业a promising young actor大有前途的年轻演员a promising start良好的开端[即学即练] 单句语法填空①A school has honoured one of its brightest and _______________ (promise) former students.②He promised faithfully ________ (call) me every week.③Whether YouTube can live up ________ its promise as a big ad platform is uncertain.④The newspapers described her as a ________ (promise) young singer.most promisingto calltopromising 写出句中promise的词性及含义⑤I should not have believed the promise of the boss.____________⑥There were dark clouds overhead promising rain.____________⑦You show promise as a musician but your lack of practice is keeping you back.____________完成句子⑧Whatever reasons you may have, you should _________________ (履行诺言).⑨The government failed to _____________________________ (信守承诺) of lower taxes.名词，承诺 动词，预示名词，希望carry out your promisekeep its promise/live up to its promise15)despite prep.尽管；虽然(＝in spite of) (教材原句)Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age.如今，虽然年事已高，屠呦呦仍然继续做研究。despite the fact that... 尽管……despite this 尽管如此❶Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.尽管疼痛，我坚持走了一会儿，然后又跑了起来。❷Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.尽管酒店的服务很差，经理还是不愿意花钱为员工提供足够的培训。[误区警示]despite, in spite of是介词(短语)，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能用that引导从句，但可以用(1)despite/in spite of the fact(尽管事实是……)＋that同位语从句；(2)in spite of/despite＋what从句(√)。❸Despite being ill, she works hard and succeeds in the scientific research field.尽管生病了，但是她还是勤奋工作并在科研领域取得了成功。❹Despite what you see in the movies, bats almost never drink human blood.不管你在电影里看到了什么，蝙蝠几乎从不喝人血。❺She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。[拓展]despite our best efforts尽管我们尽了最大努力despite applying for hundreds of jobs尽管申请了数百个工作[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Despite ________ happened in the past I want her to know I am there for her.②Joe is a good basketball player despite ________ (be) short and stout.③They went swimming in spite ________ all the danger signs.同义句转换④In spite of what he said, I think he's still in love with you.→________________________________________(despite)whatbeingofDespite what he said, I think he's still in love with you.16)wisdom n．知识，学问；智慧；至理名言 (教材原句)．..we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine.……我们学到了中医和西医背后的智慧。collective wisdom 集体智慧a man of wisdom 有智慧的人a woman of great wisdom 才女goddess of wisdom 智慧女神words of wisdom 至理名言an example of bravery and wisdom 一个智勇双全的榜样❶That's good wisdom which is wisdom in the end.最后的聪慧才算真聪慧。❷Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.经验是智慧之父，记忆是智慧之母。❸It is wrong to think that all wisdom is contained in books.认为一切学问都包含在书里的想法是错误的。wise adj. 智慧的，明智的wisely adv. 明智地；精明地❹Life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry.生活让智者微笑，让愚者哭泣。❺It was very wise of you to leave then.你那时离开非常明智。❻He wisely decided to tell the truth.他明智地决定实话实说。[拓展] a wise old man智叟a wise decision/move/choice明智的决定/明智的举动/明智的选择It is wise of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是明智的[即学即练] 单句语法填空①I certainly hope to gain a little ________ (wise) as I grow older.②I'm older and ________ (wise) after ten years in the business.③The three of us stood around the machine nodding ________ (wise).完成句子④Before I went off to university my father gave me a few ________________ (至理名言).⑤_____________ (你是明智的) to buy car insurance for your new car.wisdomwiserwiselywords of wisdomIt is wise of you►第二版块|重要短语1)apart from...除……之外(别无)；除……之外(尚有)) I've finished apart from the last question.除了最后一道题外，我全做完了。Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外，在西班牙还有一座别墅。[误区警示] (1)apart from＝aside from＝except for(先说整体，再修正局部)除去……之外❶Everything is wonderful apart from/aside from/except for the terrible food.除了糟糕的食物之外，一切都很好。(2)apart from＝aside from＝besides＝in addition to＝as well as(表示包含在内的)除……之外，还有……❷Apart from/Aside from/Besides/In addition to/As well as Chinese, he can also speak French fluently.除了中文外，他还能说流利的法语。(3)except＝but(不包括在内的)除……之外❸All the boys except Jackson are playing football on the playground.除了杰克逊以外，所有的男孩都在操场上踢足球。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Apart ________ the salary, it's not a bad job.②Apart from ________ (help) the homeless, the organisation also collects money for protecting wild animals.③The room was empty aside ________ one man seated beside the fire.④Everything is quiet, except ________ some barks from far away.⑤In addition ________ the killed and wounded, many were missing.⑥She is a talented musician as well ________ being a photographer.from helping fromforto as2)come across 偶然发现；偶遇；被理解 It was at the airport that I came across one of my university classmates.我是在机场偶然遇见了我的一位大学同学。He spoke for a long time, but his meaning did not come across.他讲了很久，但他的意思还是没有被理解。come about 发生come up to 达到(标准等)；比得上come to 总共；达到；(想法或念头)在……的头脑里冒出come out 出版；出现；结果是come along 出现；一起来come back 回来；再度流行come up 走近，靠近；被提及，被讨论come up with 想出，想到(主意、答案)come over 来访，拜访❶How did the problem come about in the first place?当初这个问题是怎么产生的？❷It came out that he had been telling lies.后来才知道他一直在说谎。❸When the right opportunity comes along, she'll take it.适当的机会来临时，她会抓住的。❹Long hair for men seems to be coming back.男子留长发好像又在流行了。❺What points came up at the meeting?会上讨论了一些什么问题？ [归纳拓展] 表示“偶遇”的短语：run across, meet with, run into, meet... by chance等。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①When reading articles related to science, we often come ________ difficult or unfamiliar words.②The flood came ________ as a result of the heavy rain.③Suddenly the answer came ________ me in a flash.④It came ________ that some government officials received money from that company.⑤Are you sure you really want all our friends to come ________？⑥Long skirts have been out of fashion for a long time, but they are coming ________.⑦Our class came up ________ the idea to make better use of used materials.acrossaboutto out along back with3)with the help of在……的帮助下 We broke open the lock with the help of a hammer.我们用锤子把锁砸开了。With the help of my deskmate, I made great progress in English.在我同桌的帮助下，我的英语取得了很大进步。其它表述“在……帮助下”短语with the assistance of 在……的帮助下with the aid of... 在……帮助下❶She is now able to get around with the aid of a walking stick.她现在能拄着拐杖走路了。❷The work was completed with the assistance of local carpenters.这项工作在当地木匠的帮助下得以完成。[注意] “在……指导下”和“在……领导下”短语不能用介词with，而要用介词under：❸Under the guidance of my teacher, I find the song easy to learn.在老师的指导下，我发现这首歌很容易学。❹Under the leadership of the Party, our country has made great progress in every line.在党的领导下，我国在各行各业都取得了巨大进步。[归纳拓展] be of little help没有多大帮助be of great help＝be very helpful非常有帮助ask for help请求帮助need help需要帮助seek help寻求帮助help(...) out帮助(……)摆脱困境/渡过难关come to one's help来帮某人的忙help oneself to自用；自取[即学即练] 单句语法填空①________ the help of my family, I achieved my goal of setting up a company of my own.②________ the aid of this machine, we finished harvesting all the wheat in the field.③We arrived at the destination finally ________ the assistance of the young driver.④________ the guidance of the professor I succeeded in doing the experiment.WithWith with Under ⑤We got the first place in the contest ________ the leadership of our class director.⑥A good neighbor is also one who likes to help ________ in small ways.⑦I didn't mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help ________ (try) it.⑧Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself ________ a snack.under outtrying to►第三版块|疑难句型1)that引导的同位语从句 (教材原句)However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret.然而，屠呦呦认为中草药可能会起作用。[句式分析] 某些抽象名词如fact, idea, doubt, order, hope, news, promise, truth, conclusion, wish, opinion, happiness等的后面，可以接同位语从句，解释该抽象名词的具体内容。that在同位语从句中不作句子成分，没有实际意义，但不能省略，也不能用which替代。❶The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.多年来，我“不擅长运动”的想法一直困扰着我。❷He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.他问我那项工作是否值得做。[说明] (1)that引导的同位语从句所修饰的常见抽象名词有ability, idea, belief, doubt, evidence, fact, fear, hope, news, proposal, possibility, promise, suggestion, situation, thought, theory, truth, word (消息), order等。❸There is no possibility that Bob can win first prize in the match.鲍勃是不可能在这场比赛中获得第一名的。(2)that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别that引导同位语从句，解释说明一些抽象名词的具体内容。that在同位语从句中不作成分，没有意义，但是不能省略。that引导定语从句，对先行词加以限定，描述其性质或特征。that在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。❹The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(定语从句)他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。❺They made the request that the problem (should) be discussed as soon as possible.(同位语从句)他们要求尽快讨论这个问题。[误区警示] (1)that引导的同位语从句解释说明表示“建议、命令和要求”的名词suggestion, advice, command, demand, order, proposal, request, requirement等时，从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语要用“(should＋) do”形式。❻He agreed with my suggestion that we (should) change the date.他同意我提出的我们更改日期的建议。(2)分隔式同位语从句有时同位语从句不是紧跟在它所解释说明的名词后，而是被别的成分隔开，形成分隔式同位语从句。❼Word came that the sports meeting had been put off.消息传来说，运动会推迟了。[注意] 如果同位语从句中意义和句子成分均完整，则用that引导；如果同位语从句意义不完整，则根据从句表达的意义选取相应的连词：whether是否(if不能引导同位语从句)；who谁；what什么；which哪一个；when何时；where何地；why为何；how如何。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The news ________ our team has won the game is really encouraging.②There is much chance ________ Bill will recover from his injury for the race.③She made a good suggestion ________ would be of benefit to the classmates, so we adopted it.④The advice that he ______________ (invite) to the party was taken.⑤You should keep the promise _____________ you made.⑥What motivated me was the promise ________ one day my dreams would come true.that that that/which(should) be invitedthat/which/不填that 判断下列句中含有哪种从句⑦There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.________⑧The report that will be given tomorrow is important to us.________⑨The thought came to her that maybe she left the door open when she left home.________⑩His father works in a factory that makes radio parts.________同位语从句定语从句同位语从句定语从句2)not only... but also...不但……而且…… (教材原句)．.. Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”……屠呦呦说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”[句式分析] not only... but also...是并列连词，连接两个对等的成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可连接两个分句。not only... but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”。not only... but also...连接两个分句，且not only位于句首时，not only分句要用部分倒装，but also分句不倒装。Not only do the teachers have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.对于这件事，不仅老师们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。but和also有时可省略其中一个，或将also换为too, as well(位于句末)。❶There, he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker.在那里，他不仅作为一个学生做得很好，而且成了一个才华横溢的演说家。❷As we all expect, the film will be not only meaningful but also interesting.正如我们大家所期望的那样，这部电影将不仅是有意义的，而且也是有趣的。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Not only you but also Judy ________ (be) to blame for this accident.②Not only my parents but also I ________ (be) fond of music.③Not only _______ the prices ________ (increase), but their wages ___________ (raise) as well.完成句子④I can speak ________ English _________ French(不但……而且……).⑤_______ can I speak English _______ French(不但……而且……).⑥________ can I speak English but French _______(不但……而且……).isamdidincreasewere raisednot onlybut alsoNot onlybut alsoNot onlyas well3)whose引导定语从句 (教材原句)Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned.尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一名国际知名的科学家。[句式分析] whose引导定语从句，先行词既可以指人也可以指物。·先行词指人时，whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of whom＝of whom＋the＋名词·先行词指物时，whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which＝of which＋the＋名词例如：(1)We rushed over to help the man，那个人的车坏了，我们跑过去帮忙。(2)He lives in a house他住在一栋窗户朝向大海的房子里。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.②My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.③You're the only one ________ advice he might listen to.④I'd like a room ________ window looks out over the sea.whose whose whose whose一句多译(完成句子)⑤当心！不要太靠近那座建筑物，它的墙正在被粉刷。Watch out! Don't get too close to the building _________ walls are being painted.⑥Watch out! Don't get too close to the building ________________ are being painted.⑦Watch out! Don't get too close to the building ______________ are being painted. whosethe walls of which of which the wallsⅠ.单词拼写1．I've read all the available ________ (文献资料) on keeping rabbits.2．The result is interesting and different, but do not attempt the ________ (食谱) if time is short.3．We do not have the ________ (资源) to update our computer software.4．He was responsible for hiring and firing ________ (员工).5．Our monitor gains ________ (名声) for being generous with his money to help others.6．The ________ (委员会) has decided to set the stage for it.7．It's my great ________ (荣誉) to attend the award ceremony today.literaturereciperesourcesstafffamecommitteehonour8．He received the award in ________ (赞扬) of his success over the past years.9．We need to ________ (建立) a legal framework for the protection of the ecology.10．This ________ (化学品) has a wide range of industrial uses.11．Her voice was shaking ________ (尽管) all her efforts to control it.12．There is only one thing that people can't take away from you, and that is your ________ (智慧)!13．It was the first time that Jane and I had been ________ (分开) for more than a week.recognitionestablishchemicaldespitewisdomapart14．The ________ (药物) will be useful to millions of infected people.15．A high percentage of the ________ (女性) staff are part－time workers.16．The way children talk about or express their feelings depends on their age and ________ (阶段) of development.17．He was ________ (给予) ￡50，000 in damages.drugfemalestage awardedⅡ.短语填空apart from, stage by stage, one by one, lead to, hundreds of，with the help of1．There are ___________ poisonous insects.2．Officials must often count up the votes __________， going through every ballot and recording the vote.3．He was standing a bit __________ the rest of the explorers, watching us.hundreds ofone by oneapart from4．The admirable police are building up a picture of the incident ________________．5．Failing to keep the chemical at the right temperature could __________ an explosion.6．_____________ our teacher, we are sure to be admitted by a famous university.stage by stagelead toWith the help ofⅢ.单句语法填空A 1．When sober, he can come ________ as an extremely pleasant and charming young man.2．Additionally, we select our teachers ____their engaging personalities.3．These programs will integrate ________ your existing software.4．Eventually, he was honoured with an award along ________ his mentor.acrossforinto/withwith5．________ (eventual) your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.6．I want to thank the nurses, men and women, ________ care has been so surprising.7．There is nothing to be gained ________ delaying the remarkable decision.8．We must make the most of the available financial ________ (resource).EventuallywhosefromresourcesB 1．[重庆卷]Apart ________ an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.2．[新高考全国Ⅰ卷]However, the majority of people are ________ (effect) speakers because they train to be.1．答案与解析：from 句意：除了(apart from)大象肚子里偶尔发出的声音，森林里一片寂静。2．答案与解析：effective 用形容词作定语。句意：然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。3．[江苏卷]Wilson received several international ________ (award) for his great contributions.4．[2020·天津二考]—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call ________ advance.—Good point. I will.3．答案与解析：awards several后用名词的复数形式。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几项国际奖。4．答案与解析：in in advance提前。句意：“下次你去拜访鲍勃的时候，记得提前给他打个电话。”“好主意。我会的。”5．[2021·浙江二考]He explained our basic task, the tractor fired up and we were off, riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with ________(chemical).6．[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural ________ (resource) wisely.5．答案与解析：chemicals chemical当“化学品”讲是可数名词。句意：他解释了我们的基本任务，拖拉机发动起来，我们就出发了，沿着田野寻找可以喷洒化学药剂的杂草。6．答案与解析：resources resource当“资源”讲时，是可数名词。句意：印第安人明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。7．[江苏卷]Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of ________ (limit) resources.8．[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.7．答案与解析：limited 句意：对新技术影响的误判会导致有限资源的浪费。8．答案与解析：eventually 动词由副词来修饰。句意：大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善大熊猫种群和大熊猫家园之间的连通性，最终使其达到预期的野生种群水平。9．[全国Ⅱ卷]However, the railway quickly proved to be ________ great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using it every day.10．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]Judges will choose up to 50 ________ (honour) mention winners, who will each receive a T－shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.9．答案与解析：a success此处是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“一件成功的事”。句意：然而，这条铁路很快被证明是一个巨大的成功，在6个月内，每天有超过25 000人使用它。10．答案与解析：honourable 用形容词作定语。句意：评委们将选出多达50名获奖者，每人将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤衫。11．[浙江一考]I ________ (gain) five pounds since I arrived.12．[江苏卷]The purchase price could also be a signal that an ________ (establish) company is buying a newborn threat.11．答案与解析：have gained 根据时间状语从句since I arrived可知，主句用现在完成时。12．答案与解析：established 此处用过去分词作定语，修饰company。that引导名词signal的同位语从句。Ⅳ.完成句子1．你的索赔应当能成功，假如这样的话，损害赔偿金将会相当可观。Your claim ought to succeed, ____________ the damages will be quite substantial.2．他比我年纪大这一事实无关紧要。___________ he's older than me is irrelevant.3．我看见一个人正冲着一个司机大喊，那个司机的车堵住了街道。I saw a man shouting at a driver ________ car was blocking the street.in which caseThe fact thatwhose4．邻居们借助一把梯子把孩子们从大火中救了出来。_____________ a ladder, neighbours were able to rescue the children from the blaze.5．她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机软件。_______ can she speak Spanish, she's ______ good at computer software.With the help ofNot onlyalso
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