仁爱科普版九年级上册Topic 1 Pollution has causes too many problems.精品精练

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【学习目标】
By the end f the lessn, students shuld be able t:
Wrds and phrases: cal, create, bld, planet, in many ways,
with the develpment f industry, high bld pressure
Grammar: the differences between the simple past and present perfect
Difficult pints：
能根据关键词复述课文。
能够进行同义句转换，用不同的短语表达相同的意思。
【预习导学】
必备单词、短语和句子
________ n. 煤，煤块
__________ v. 造成，创造
__________ n. 血
______________ 高血压
_________ n. 行星
6.________________ 对…有益/害
7.__________________最好（不）做…
8.What a mess!_______________
9.What a shame !_____________
10.There are many kinds f pllutin arund us, including air pllutin, sil pllutin, nise pllutin and light pllutin, water pllutin and s n.
_______________________________________________________________
11.With the increase in ppulatin and the develpment f industry, litter is everywhere.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：
1.cal n. 煤，煤块
2.create v. 造成，创造
3.bld n. 血
4.high bld pressure 高血压
5.planet n. 行星
6.be gd fr / be bad fr对…有益/害
7.had better (nt) d sth最好（不）做…
8.What a mess!多么杂乱啊！
9.What a shame !多么可惜啊！
10.There are many kinds f pllutin arund us, including air pllutin, sil pllutin, nise pllutin and light pllutin, water pllutin and s n.
我们周围有许多污染，包括空气污染，土地污染，噪音污染，光污染，水污染等等。
11.With the increase in ppulatin and the develpment f industry, litter is everywhere.
随着人口的增长和工业的发展，垃圾到处都是。
【探究提升】
1. There are many kinds f pllutin arund us, including air pllutin, sil pllutin, nise pllutin and light pllutin.
①include是动词.意思是包含,包括, including 是介词，后一般接名词。
②各种各样的污染：air pllutin, sil pllutin, nise pllutin, water pllutin, light pllutin.
2. In the fields, farmers use t many chemicals which destry the sil.
① chemical作名词时，意为“化学品”，在此指“化肥和农药”。作形容词时意为“化学的”。
② which destry the sil 是定语从句，修饰chemicals。
3. Fr example, peple may lse their hearing if they wrk in a nisy place fr a lng time.
① lse ne’s hearing 丧失听力=hearing lss(名词短语，可数)
② nise 噪音，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。 n. nisy 嘈杂的，吵闹的 adj.
区别： vice 嗓音，一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌。
sund 作“声音”，“响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sund。
Eg. Dn’t make any nise!
Light travels much faster than sund.
The girl has a beautiful vice.
4. With less pllutin, ur planet will becme greener and ur health will be better. Let’s be greener peple.
① with 在此意为“随着” eg. with the increase in pllutin… with the develpment f…
② 第二个greener 意为“环保的，赞成环保的”。
5. 重点词组串烧
be bad fr 对……有害
in many ways 在许多方面
breathing prblem 呼吸系统问题 breath n. 呼吸 breathe 呼吸 v.
put… int 把……放入
g deaf 变聋
high bld pressure 高血压
【强化训练】
一、单项选择
1．—When my brther is in truble, I will d everything I can t help him ut.
—S will I. That’s because _________ is thicker than water.
A．ilB．bldC．milkD．meat
2．The new factry is ging t ________ mre jbs fr the peple in ur hmetwn.
A．driveB．finishC．createD．chse
3．She asked me ________ eat t much.
A．nt tB．dn’tC．didn’tD．never
4．―D yu want t g swimming in such bad weather?
―________. I’ll just stay at hme.
A．Of curse ntB．N prblemC．CertainlyD．Oh, my gdness
5．Mike did _________ David in the exam. Bth f them failed the exam.
A．as well asB．n better thanC．better thanD．wrse than
6．There _________ lts f fish in the river in the past, but nw the water ________ s dirty that we can’t see any fish.
A．are; isB．were; isC．was; wasD．is; is
7．Many students keep in tuch with each ther by mbile phne, and they chat n the Internet _________.
A．as wellB．alsC．eitherD．as well as
8．—Which d yu prefer, a CD player r a Walkman?
— _________. I prefer a prtable cmputer.
A．BthB．EitherC．NneD．Neither
9．—It’s difficult t live in a freign cuntry, _________ if yu can’t speak that language.
—Yu’re right.
A．exactlyB．naturallyC．usuallyD．especially
10．Pllutin is harmful t ur health, and it makes peple ________.
A．t feel terribleB．feel terrible
C．t feel terriblyD．feel terribly
11．Yu knw, reading mre gd bks can help ________ ur characteristics.
A．shapeB．createC．appearD．respect
12．Eating t much junk fd ________yur health.
A．is bad frB．is gd frC．is gd atD．is bad t
13．—________ yu ________ a letter frm yur brther s far?
—Yes, I ________ a letter frm him yesterday.
A．Have; gt; gtB．Have; gt; have gt
C．Did; get; gtD．Did; have gt; gt
14．________ pressure makes him nervus all day and night. I think he shuld find sme ways t make himself relaxed.
A．T manyB．T muchC．Much tD．Very much
15．——Have yu heard abut that car accident near the schl?——Yes,luckily n ne________.
A．hurtB．was hurtC．has hurtD．were hurt
二、完形填空
I can’t remember when I started cllecting litter.But it was when I gt tired f 16 litter nearby that I realized n ne else was ging t pick it up.
I live near a frest in Ohi, America.I can walk there 17 three minutes.I used t lve ging there t play with my dg.But ne day there was 18 much litter there that I became very unhappy.I decided t clean up the frest, and I wanted t 19 happy when I went there again.I made my first trip t clean the frest that afternn.I tk a big black rubbish bag with me.Ten minutes 20 I started t pick up litter, my bag was full! There were cans, bttles, brken glass and newspapers in it.
Frm then n, I 21 t the frest fur times a year t pick up litter.I ften stay there fr three hurs.It makes me feel 22 t d smething fr the envirnment.After each trip, I lk thrugh all the litter that I’ve cllected.If 23 f it is recyclable (可回收利用的), I’ll keep it.I can’t understand why peple drp litter.But I will keep n picking it up 24 they stp drpping it.I knw I am nly ding a small bit 25 the earth, but I still think it is imprtant.
16．A．seeingB．thrwingC．drppingD．cleaning
17．A．afterB．frC．withD．in
18．A．suchB．veryC．sD．t
19．A．makeB．feelC．lkD．find
20．A．afterB．laterC．befreD．f
21．A．had gneB．have gneC．gD．will g
22．A．tiredB．sadC．interestingD．great
23．A．manyB．fewC．anyD．much
24．A．untilB．afterC．as sn asD．when
25．A．helpedB．t helpC．helpD．helping
三、阅读理解
A
We have nly ne Earth. We get land, water and air frm the Earth. We shuld take care f the envirnment. Luckily, peple frm all ver the wrld are trying t slve the envirnmental prblems and prtect the envirnment.
Land Prtectin.
Peple ften buy drinks frm plastic bttles, and mst f the empty plastic bttles end up being buried. The prblem is that they dn’t decmpse（分解）easily and becme white pllutin causing huge harm t the land. Recently, new public drinking water service is highly ppular in the UK. Mre than 8, 000 liters（升）f water have been prvided at bus statins, shpping centers, museums, and ther public places acrss the capital s far. T cut plastic waste, the gvernment encurages the British t drink the free water n the street rather than buy bttled water.
Ocean Prtectin.
“When scientists fund a fur-meter-lng whale with sme plastic bttles in its stmach, every ne f them felt sad,” Kng, an expert frm Duke Kunshan University, said. And there are at least 8 millin tns f plastic ging t the cean each year. If it cntinues, there will be mre plastic than the fish in the cean by 2050. S peple began t cllect rubbish in the cean nw.
▲ .
Nwadays, China begins t use bifuel（生物燃料）. Bifuel is greener than the traditinal fuel. Using bifuel has many advantages. It’s prduced frm renewable （可再生的）materials. And it’s clean and green s that it can’t cause air pllutin. But it’s expensive.
26．Mre than ________ liters f water have been prvided at public places in Lndn by nw.
A．4, 000B．6, 000C．8, 000D．10, 000
27．The underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 3 refers t ________ .
A．the sadness f the scientistsB．the plastic pllutin f the cean
C．the 8 millin tns f plasticD．the number f fish
28．What are the advantages f bifuel?
①renewable. ②clean. ③cheap. ④safe.
A．①②B．①③C．②④D．①④
29．Which f the fllwing sentences can be put in the ▲ ?
A．Fuel PrtectinB．Animal PrtectinC．Frest PrtectinD．Air Prtectin
B
A new methd by Chinese researchers has been prved useful in cntrlling the smell f waste transfer(中转) statins. In general, waste is srted in the waste transfer statin and then sent t a place t deal with. The temperature and water can cause the waste the terrible smell.
Qiang Ning is an air pllutin cntrl expert frm Tngji University. He said a new technlgy has been invented t deal with the waste. When the waste reaches int this special area, its bad smell will be remved. As a result, it’ll becme safe, drless(无气味) and green.
Tanghui Waste Transfer Statin in Jiaxing has accepted the technlgy. All the situatins shw the smell in all peratin areas is lwer than befre. There was n strange smell arund it. Accrding t the Tanghui statin, the technlgy needs less cst. And it’s very easy t perate. What’s mre imprtant, it requires a small flr area.
30．Which f the fllwing can cause the waste smell? ________
A．The ht weather.B．The easy envirnment.
C．The strng wind.D．The waste shape.
31．What des the underlined wrd “remve” mean in Chinese? ________
A．发展B．演变C．除掉D．飞扬
32．What des the underlined wrd “it” in the third paragraph refer t? ________
A．The statin.B．The waste.C．The smell.D．The technlgy.
四、补全对话
Li Yang: Gd mrning, Mathew.
Mathew: Gd mrning, Li Yang. 33
Li Yang: There's still smg (雾霾) tday. We'll have t g t schl with face masks (口罩)．
Mathew: 34 Accrding t the news, PM2.5 pllutin is the main prblem with air pllutin．
Li Yang: Yes, and air pllutin has dne harm t peple's health.
Mathew: S the Chinese gvernment and Chinese peple must take actin t fight it.
Li Yang: 35
Mathew: Since PM2.5 is mainly caused by vehicles (机动车) and factries, cars with large emissins (排放) shuld nt be allwed and factries shuld be clsely watched.
Li Yang: 36 We hpe that mre and mre peple will jin us in making the blue skies return fr gd.
Mathew: 37
A．I hpe s, t.
B．Can yu give any advice?
C．I dn’t think s.
D．What a pity!
E．I agree.
F．What’s the weather like tday?
G．That's OK.
五、选词填空。
1970 was the first Wrld Cnservatin (保护) Year. The United Natins wanted everybdy t knw the wrld is in 38 . They hped that gvernments wuld act quickly t 39 nature. Here is ne example f the prblems. At ne time there were 1300 different 40 , trees and flwers in Hlland but nw nly 866 remained.
The thers have been destryed by mdern man and mdern technlgy. We are changing the earth, the air, the water and everything that 41 and lives. We can’t live 42 these things. If things g n like this, we shall destry urselves.
What will 43 in the future? Perhaps it is mre imprtant t ask, “What must we d nw?” The peple wh will be living in the wrld f tmrrw are the yung f tday. A lt f them knw cnservatin is necessary. Many are helping t 44 ur wrld. They plant 45 , recycle things, and s n. In a small twn in the United States, a large number f 46 cleaned the bank f 11 kilmeters f their river. Yung peple may hear abut cnservatin thrugh a recrd called “N ne’s ging t change ur wrld”. It was made by the Beatles, Cliff Richard and ther 47 . The mney frm it will help t prtect animals.
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：——当我弟弟遇到麻烦时，我会尽我所能帮助他。——我也是。那是因为血浓于水。
考查名词辨析。il油；bld血；milk牛奶；meat肉。根据“That’s because ... is thicker than water.”可知，此处指血浓于水，bld符合语境。故选B。
2．C
【详解】句意：这家新工厂将为我们家乡的人们创造更多的就业机会。
考查动词辨析。drive开车；finish结束；create创造；chse选择。根据“The new factry is ging jbs fr the peple in ur hmetwn.”可知，是创造更多的就业机会。故选C。
3．A
【详解】句意：她让我不要吃太多。
考查动词短语。ask sb nt t d sth“让某人不要做某事”，是固定表达。故选A。
4．A
【详解】句意：——你想在这么坏的天气去游泳吗？——当然不。我就待在家里吧。
考查情景交际。Of curse nt当然不；N prblem没问题；Certainly当然；Oh, my gdness哦，天啊。根据“I’ll just stay at hme.”可知，不会在坏天气去游泳，故选A。
5．B
【详解】句意：迈克考试考得不比大卫好。他们两个都不及格。
考查副词短语辨析。as well as和……一样好；n better than不比……好，与……一样；better than比……好；wrse than比……差。根据“Bth f them failed the exam.”可知，两个人都不及格，n better than符合语境，故选B。
6．B
【详解】句意：过去河里有很多鱼，但是现在水变得如此脏，以至于我们都看不到任何鱼了。
考查be动词和主谓一致。根据“in the past”可知其所在的分句应用一般过去时，主语lts f fish在此指“很多鱼”，表示复数，因此be动词应用were。根据“but nw”可知其所在的分句应用一般现在时，主语the water为不可数名词，因此be动词应用is。故选B。
7．A
【详解】句意：许多学生通过手机相互联系，他们也在互联网上聊天。
考查副词辨析。as well也，放在肯定句句末；als也，放在句中；either也，用于否定句句末；as well as和。根据“Many students keep in tuch with each ther by mbile phne, and they chat n the Internet”可知，此处表示也在互联网上聊天，此空位于肯定句句末，故选A。
8．D
【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪个，CD播放器还是随身听？——都不。我更喜欢便携式电脑。
考查代词辨析。Bth两者都；Either两者之一；Nne三者及以上都不；Neither两者都不。根据“I prefer a prtable cmputer.”可知，前面两个都不喜欢，故选D。
9．D
【详解】句意：——在国外生活是很困难的，尤其是当你不会说那门语言的时候。——你说得对。
考查副词辨析。exactly确切地；naturally自然地；usually通常；especially尤其。根据“It’s difficult t live in a freign cuntry, yu can’t speak that language.”可知，此处强调程度，尤其是当你不会说那门语言的时候，生活在国外更难。故选D。
10．B
【详解】句意：污染对我们的健康有害，它使人们感觉很糟糕。
考查非谓语动词和形容词作表语。make sb d“让某人做某事”，feel后加形容词作表语。故选B。
11．A
【详解】句意：你知道，多读好书有助于塑造我们的性格。
考查动词辨析。shape塑造，形成；create创造，创建，产生；appear显现；respect尊敬，尊重。根据空格后“ur characteristics”可知是，塑造我们的性格，故选A。
12．A
【详解】句意：吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。
考查形容短语。is bad fr对……有害；is gd fr对……有益；is gd at擅长……；is bad t形式错误。根据“Eating t much”可知，此处是对健康有害。故选A。
13．A
【详解】句意：——到目前为止你收到你哥哥的信了吗？——是的，我昨天收到他的一封信。
考查动词时态。 根据s far可知，用现在完成时，其结构是have dne的形式，短语get a letter frm...“收到……的来信”，get的过去分词是gt；排除CD；第二空根据时间状语yesterday可知，用一般过去时态，排除B。故选A。
14．B
【详解】句意：压力太大使他日夜紧张。我认为他应该想办法让自己放松。
考查形容词短语。T many太多，修饰可数名词复数；T much太多，修饰不可数名词；Much t太，修饰形容词或副词；Very much很，非常。pressure“压力”，是不可数名词，用t much来修饰。故选B。
15．B
【详解】句意：——你听说过学校附近的车祸吗？——是的，幸运的是，没有一个人受伤。
考查被动语态和主语一致。hurt伤害，动词原形，过去式或过去分词；was hurt一般过去时被动语态；has hurt 现在完成时；were hurt 一般过去时被动语态。根据n ne与hurt是被动关系，n ne动词用单数，应填was hurt ， 故选B 。
16．A 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B
【导语】本文讲述的是作者坚持捡拾垃圾的故事。作者发现树林里垃圾多，于是坚持捡拾，他认为自己只是为地球做了一点儿小贡献，但是他认为这很重要。
16．句意：但当我厌倦了看到附近的垃圾时，我意识到没有人会去捡它。
seeing看见；thrwing扔；drpping落下；cleaning打扫。作者厌倦看到附近到处是垃圾而无人捡拾，be tired f ding sth。故选A。
17．句意：我可以在三分钟内走到那里。
after在……之后；fr为了；with带有，具有；in在……之内。根据“I can walk there”可以在三分钟之内走到。故选D。
18．句意：但是有一天有这么多的垃圾，我变得很不高兴。
此题考查固定短语such…that表示如此……以至于……,such的后面跟的中心词是名词，名词前面可以用形容词来修饰。litter是名词，当名词前有much修饰时用s，故选C。
19．句意：我决定清理森林，我想在我再次去那里的时候感到高兴。
nake制造；feel感觉；lk看起来；find发现。此题考查固定句型结构want t d sth，happy是形容词，常跟在系动词的后面。根据句意选feel。故选B。
20．句意：我开始捡垃圾，十分钟后，我的包是满的 。
after在……之后；later后来，时间段+later过了多长时间之后；befre在……之前；f的。空格后是句子，所以应该用连词，根据“my bag was full”，可知故选A。
21．句意：从那以后，我每年去森林里捡垃圾四次 。
had gne过去完成时；have gne现在完成时；g一般现在时；will g一般将来时。根据“fur times a year”每年四次，表示动作的频率，用一般现在时，故选C。
22．句意：为环境做些事，使我感到很好。
tired累的；sad伤心的；interesting有趣的；great棒的。根据“d smething fr the envirnment.”为环保做一些事情，应该感到自己很棒的。故选D。
23．句意：如果有可回收的，我就留着。
many许多；few很少；any一些，任何；much很多，代替不可数名词。空格后 “it”代替的垃圾“litter”，是不可数名词，条件状语从句里常用any，故选C。
24．句意：但我会继续捡，直到他们不再扔垃圾。
until直到；after在……之后；as sn as：一……就……；when当……时。根据“will keep n picking it up”坚持捡拾垃圾，是持续性动词，根据句意故选A。
25．句意：我知道我只做了一点点来帮助地球，但我仍然认为它是重要的。
helped动词的过去式；t help动词不定式做目的状语；help动词原形；helping现在分词或动名词。根据“the earth”可知，是要保护地球表示目的。故选B。
26．C 27．C 28．A 29．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了从土地、海洋和空气三个方面来告诉我们要保护环境。
26． 细节理解题。根据“Mre than 8, 000 liters（升）f water have been prvided at bus statins, shpping centers, museums, and ther public places acrss the capital s far”可知，到目前为止，伦敦的公共场所已经提供了超过8000升水。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据“And there are at least 8 millin tns f plastic ging t the cean each year. If it cntinues...”可知，it指的是800万吨塑料。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据“It’s prduced frm renewable （可再生的）materials. And it’s clean and green...”可知，生物燃料是可再生的和清洁的。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据“We get land, water and air frm the Earth”以及“it can’t cause air pllutin”可知，最后一段主要讲述空气保护。故选D。
30．A 31．C 32．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国研究人员开发出一种新方法， 用于控制垃圾转运站的异味。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段“The temperature and water can cause the waste the terrible smell.”可知影响垃圾产生异味的因素是气温和湿度。故选A。
31．词义猜测题。根据第二段“As a result, it’ll becme safe, drless (无气味) and green.”可知垃圾的臭味应该被去除了。可推测“remve”意为“除掉”。故选C。
32．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Tanghui Waste Transfer Statin in Jiaxing has accepted the technlgy…There was n strange smell arund it.”可知，这里的“it”指代前面所提到的“Tanghui Waste Transfer Statin in Jiaxing”。故选A。
33．F 34．D 35．B 36．E 37．A
【分析】本对话主要谈论环境污染问题。谈论中提到，PM2.5污染是空气污染的主要问题，空气污染对人的健康有害。政府和人们应该采取措施，小车不允许超量排放，工厂也应该受到严密监控，同时呼吁越来越多的人们加入到保护环境来。
33．推理判断题。根据There's still smg（雾霾）tday，今天仍有雾霾，可知此处是在询问今天的天气情况。故选F。
34．推理判断题。根据 We'll have t g t schl with face mask我们将不得不戴口罩上学，可知答语应该是：真遗憾！故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据Since PM2.5 is mainly caused by vehicles（机动车）and factries，cars with large emissins（排放）shuld nt be allwed and factries shuld be clsely watched。PM2.5主要是由机动车、工厂引起的，大排量的汽车大量应该禁止，工厂应该密切关注PM2.5的排放，可知上述句意是提建议的。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据We hpe that mre and mre peple will jin us in making the blue skies return fr gd，我希望越来越多的人加入到我们中来，使蓝天空气变好，可知LiYang同意对方的观点。故选E。
37．推理判断题。根据We hpe that mre and mre peple will jin us in making the blue skies return fr gd我希望越来越多的人加入到我们中来，让蓝天回归美好，可知对方应表示希望如此。故选A。
38．danger 39．prtect 40．plants 41．grws 42．withut 43．happen 44．save 45．trees 46．girls 47．singers
【导语】本文介绍了1970年第一个世界环保年，联合国让各国政府意识到了保护环境的重要性，后来人们逐渐开始为保护环境行动起来。
38．句意：联合国想让每个人知道世界正处在危险中。根据介词“in”结合备选词汇可知，此处应用短语“in danger”表示“在危险中”。故填danger。
39．句意：他们希望各国政府可以快速行动来保护自然。根据搭配的宾语“nature”结合备选词汇可知应选“prtect”表示“保护”，位于不定式标志“t”后用动词原形即可。故填prtect。
40．句意：在荷兰，曾经有1300种不同的植物、树和花，而现在只有866种被保留了下来。根据后面并列词“trees and flwers”结合备选词汇可知此处应选“plant”表示“植物”，前面是“1300 different”，因此用复数形式“plants”。故填plants。
41．句意：我们正在改变陆地、空气、水以及一切生长和生活的事物。根据后面并列动词“lives”结合备选词汇可知此处应选动词“grw”表示“生长”，主语指代“everything”，是单数，因此动词用三单“grws”。故填grws。
42．句意：没有这些事物我们不能生存。根据“We can’t live…”结合备选词汇可知此处应选介词“withut”表示“没有”。故填withut。
43．句意：将来会发生什么？根据“in the future”结合备选词汇可知此处应选动词“happen”，表示“发生”，作谓语，句子为一般将来时，因此动词用原形即可。故填happen。
44．句意：很多人正在帮忙拯救我们的世界。根据搭配宾语“the wrld”结合备选词汇可知此处应选动词“save”表示“拯救”，位于不定式标志词“t”后用动词原形即可。故填save。
45．句意：他们种树，回收利用东西等。根据搭配的动词“plant”结合备选词汇可知此处应选名词“tree”，作宾语，应用复数表示一类。故填trees。
46．句意：在美国的一个小镇，很多女孩清理了她们那河流的11公里河岸。根据句子结构可知此处缺少人作主语，结合备选词汇可知此处应选名词“girl”，前有“a large number f”，因此名词需变为复数形式“girls”。故填girls。
47．句意：它是由甲壳虫乐队、Cliff Richard和其他歌手创作的。根据前面的“recrd”及“Beatles”结合备选词汇可知此处应选名词“singer”表示“歌手”，用“ther”修饰，不止一个，因此用复数“singers”。故填singers。
prtect, grw, happen, save, help, singer, girl, tree, plant, with, withut, danger