备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit5Adelicateworld外研版选择性必修第二册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit5Adelicateworld外研版选择性必修第二册，共8页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
[2023江西南昌一模]A new study suggests that pllutin f all kinds kills nearly 9 millin peple wrldwide each year. Air pllutin frm industrial prcesses and the expansin f cities accunted fr abut 75％ f the deaths， researchers fund. The study was based n examinatins f wrldwide death rates and pllutin levels.
The study separated traditinal pllutants frm mdern pllutants. Examples f traditinal pllutants are indr smke r waste water. Mdern pllutants include air pllutin frm vehicles r industrial activities and pisnus chemicals. The researchers fund that deaths frm traditinal pllutants are drpping wrldwide. But they remain a majr prblem in Africa and sme ther develping cuntries. In sme cuntries， state prgrams t cut indr air pllutin and imprvements in sanitatin （卫生设备） have helped reduce death rates. In Ethipia and Nigeria， fr example， such effrts cut deaths by tw-thirds between 2000 and 2019， the study fund.
Mdern kinds f pllutin are rising in mst cuntries， especially develping nes， the researchers said. Deaths caused by mdern pllutants — heavy metals， agricultural chemicals and carbn emissins — are "skyrcketing"， said the study c-writer Rachael Kupka. She heads the New Yrk-based Glbal Alliance n Health and Pllutin. Kupka said deaths linked t mdern pllutants had risen by 66％ since 2000.
"Nine millin deaths are a lt f deaths，" Philip Landrigan tld The Assciated Press abut the study’s results. He is the directr f the Glbal Public Health Prgram and Glbal Pllutin Observatry at Bstn Cllege in Massachusetts."The bad news is that it’s nt decreasing，" Landrigan added."We’re making gains in the easy stuff， and we’re seeing the mre difficult stuff — utdr industrial air pllutin and chemical pllutin — still ging up."
The study makes several suggestins fr ways t cut the number f deaths. These include creating better recrding and reprting methds and strnger gvernment plicies t reduce pllutin linked t industrial activities and vehicle emissins.
"We abslutely knw hw t slve pllutin prblems，" said the study c-authr Richard Fuller."What’s missing is plitical will."
本文主要讲述了一项新的研究，该研究发现每年死于环境污染的人数众多，且现代化污染还在加剧。文章还提到了研究人员的相关看法和提议。
【词语积累】 expansin n.扩张，扩展，扩大，膨胀
accunt fr（数量、比例上）占；对……负责；导致
pisnus adj.有毒的
1.What can be learned frm the study abut pllutin？
A. Air pllutin killed 9 millin peple last year.
B. Cutting indr air pllutin is the best plicy.
C. Traditinal pllutin is very serius in Nigeria.
D. Traditinal pllutants cause less deaths than befre.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"The researchers fund that deaths frm traditinal pllutants are drpping wrldwide"可知，世界范围内传统污染物造成的死亡人数在下降，换句话说，就是比以前少了，故D项正确。
2.What des the underlined wrd "skyrcketing" prbably mean in paragraph 3？
A. Imprving.B. Increasing.
C. Reducing.D. Wrsening.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由画线词后的"deaths linked t mdern pllutants had risen by 66％ since 2000"可知，现代化污染物造成的死亡人数在上升，故B项与画线词的意思最为接近。
3.What can be inferred frm Philip Landrigan’s wrds？
A. It is easy t fight mdern pllutin.
B. Outdr air pllutin is decreasing.
C. Mdern pllutin still cncerns peple.
D. It is hard t tell the reasns fr pllutin.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第四段中Philip Landrigan所说的话可知，900万的死亡人数是一个很大的数字，且还存在更麻烦的事物——户外工业空气污染和化学污染还在增加，由第二段第三句话可知，两者均为现代化污染，所以此处是说现代化污染还在加剧，据此可以推断，Philip Landrigan认为现代化污染仍让人们担忧，故C项正确。
4.What might be talked abut in the paragraph that fllws？
A. Methds t reduce pllutin.
B. The gvernment’s respnse t pllutin.
C. Suggestins fr industrial activities.
D. The damage caused by vehicle emissins.
解析 B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"What’s missing is plitical will"和逻辑可以推断，最后一段既然提到了现在还缺乏政治意愿，那么接下来应该会讲到政策（政府）方面对污染的回应，故B项正确。
B
[生态环保/2024江苏南通、海安开学考]US frests culd wrsen glbal warming instead f easing it because they are being destryed by natural disasters and are lsing their ability t absrb planet-warming gases as they get lder， a new Agriculture Department reprt says.
US frests currently absrb 11 percent f US carbn emissins， r 150 millin metric tns f carbn a year， equal t the cmbined emissins frm 40 cal pwer plants， the reprt says. It predicts that the ability f frests t absrb carbn will start falling quickly after 2025 and that frests culd emit up t 100 millin metric tns f carbn a year as their emissins frm rtting trees exceed their carbn absrptin. Frests culd becme a "substantial carbn surce" by 2070， the USDA reprt says.
"The predictin suggests that the lss f frests as a natural carbn absrber will require the US t cut emissins mre rapidly t reach net zer，" said Lynn Riley， a senir manager f climate science at the American Frest Fundatin.
"10 percent f ur dmestic emissins. That is a really significant prtin，" Riley said."As we wrk t are ne f the greatest tls at ur dispsal. If we were t lse that， it means the US will cntribute that much mre in emissins."
"The lss f cab n absrptin is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires， trnades and hurricanes， which are increasing in frequency and strength as glbal temperatures rise. The disasters destry frests， disrupting their ecsystem and decreasing their ability t absrb carbn，" Riley said.
Explitatin f frested areas， which the reprt prjects will cntinue t increase， is having the same effect as peple increasingly mve t the s-called wild and urban interface.
The trees’ ability t absrb carbn weakens ver time. Older， mature trees absrb less carbn than yunger trees f the same species， and the US frests are rapidly aging， the reprt fund.
"Mre aggressive frest management can help by cutting dwn a small prtin f aging frests t make ways fr yunger trees that absrb mre carbn，" Riley said. "A thrugh study f each frest shuld be dne befre remving lder trees，" Riley said， cmparing frest management t prescribing the prper drugs t a patient.
本文是一篇说明文。美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭受自然灾害的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。文章对此进行了详细介绍。
1.Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t the passage？
A. Cal pwer plants emit 150 millin metric tns f carbn every year.
B. Cutting dwn all lder trees is an effective way t slve the prblem.
C. A new study f frests shuld be cnducted after remving lder trees.
D. Frests are likely t shift frm a carbn absrber t an emissin surce.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句"It predicts that the ability f frests t absrb carbn will start falling quickly after 2025 and that frests culd emit up t 100 millin metric tns f carbn a year as their emissins frm rtting trees exceed their carbn absrptin. Frests culd becme a ‘substantial carbn surce’ by 2070， the USDA reprt says"可知，森林很可能从碳吸收者转变为排放源，故选D。
2.What can we infer frm what Riley said in paragraphs 3 and 4？
A. Frests play a crucial rle in hlding carbn.
B. Frests are n lnger a natural carbn absrber.
C. The US makes cntributins t decarbnizatin.
D. Achieving net zer emissins is within easy reach.
解析 A 推理判断题。由Riley在第三段和第四段所说的话，尤其是第四段中的"As we wrk t are ne f the greatest tls at ur dispsal. If we were t lse that， it means the US will cntribute that much mre in emissins"可知，森林在储存碳方面起着至关重要的作用，故选A。
3.The fllwing factrs can cause the lss f carbn absrptin EXCEPT .
A. aging frestsB. natural disasters
C. glbal warmingD. the develpment f frests
解析 D 细节理解题。由第五段中的"The lss f cab n absrptin is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires， trnades and hurricanes， which are increasing in frequency and strength as glbal temperatures rise"可知，自然灾害和全球变暖都会降低碳吸收；由第一段"US frests culd wrsen glbal warming instead f easing it because they are being destryed by natural disasters and are lsing their ability t absrb planet-warming gases as they get lder， a new Agriculture Department reprt says"可知，树木老化也会降低碳吸收，故选D。
4.What is the best title fr the passage？
A. Cutting Carbn Helps Slw Glbal Warming
B. Glbal Warming Is Becming Wrse Gradually
C. Frests Are Lsing Their Ability t Hld Carbn
D. Planting Mre Trees Is at the Tp f the Agenda
解析 C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要是讲随着树木的老化，森林正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，故C项做文章标题最佳。
二、完形填空
[2024云南三校第二次联考]Hurricane Ian hit Flrida and brught with it flding， winds and a recrd high strm.
Karen is 84 years ld and relies n a wheelchair t 1 because she missed a leg. Her sn Jhnny tried 2 t get her t leave， but she refused again and again — she 3 the intensity f the strm.
Jhnny lives fur blcks away. When Karen reprted the water in her huse had reached her waist， he knew he had t take 4 .
First， Jhnny 5 his kids were taken care f. He gave them fd and pened the attic （阁楼） s that they culd 6 thrugh the rf if water cntinued t rise. Then， he jumped ut f a windw and began t 7 .
Jhnny was racing against the clck. He knew he nly had a（n） 8 perid f time t get there befre the water rse abve Karen’s 9 . It tk him 40 minutes t swim fur blcks. The sund f Karen yelling was 10 t his ears！ She was still alive！
Everyne in Jhnny’s family is nw 11 althugh they’ve lst everything they wned. But they’re 12 just t be here.
"I didn’t lse 13 . Life is like a cmputer， there’re tw 14 ： a reset and a pwer — and we are blessed that it was just a reset buttn， nt the pwer， that gt 15 ，" he said.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了强烈的暴风雨发生时，Jhnny游了四个街区，去救因缺少一条腿而坐轮椅的母亲。虽然这场暴风雨让他们失去了家里所有的东西，但幸运的是，一家人都安全地活下来了，这是很重要的。
1.A. get arundB. help ut
C. sit upD. wrk ut
解析 A 由"because she missed a leg"可知，Karen需要依靠轮椅出行，故选A。get arund出行，help ut帮……摆脱困难，sit up坐直，wrk ut解决。
2.A. simplyB. repeatedly
C. bviuslyD. particularly
解析 B 由"but she refused again and again"可知，她儿子让她离开家里，但是她一遍又一遍拒绝了儿子，由此可知，她的儿子再三试图让她离开，故选B。simply简单地；repeatedly重复地，再三；bviusly显然； particularly尤其，特别。
3.A. calculatedB. identified
C. experiencedD. underestimated
解析 D 句意：她的儿子Jhnny再三试图让她离开，但她一次又一次地拒绝了——她低估了暴风雨的强度。calculate计算，identify认出，experience经历，underestimate低估。D项符合语境。
4.A. careB. place
C. actinD. charge
解析 C 由"When Karen reprted the water in her huse had reached her waist， he knew he had t take 4 "可知，在听到母亲说家里的水已经到了她的腰部时，Jhnny意识到他必须采取行动去救母亲，故选C。care关心，place地方，actin行动，charge费用。
5.A. prvedB. ensured
C. nticedD. admitted
解析 B 由"He gave them fd and pened the attic（阁楼）"和文章提到他听到母亲说她家里的水已经到腰部可知，Jhnny要去帮助母亲，所以他给孩子们食物并打开了阁楼的门，以确保孩子们能够被照顾好，故选B。prve证明，ensure确保， ntice注意，admit承认。
6.A. expandB. assist
C. escapeD. dminate
解析 C 由"if water cntinued t rise"可知，如果水位继续上升，孩子们可以通过阁楼走到屋顶，然后逃出去，故选C。 expand扩大，assist帮助，escape逃脱，dminate统治。
7.A. runB. ride
C. driveD. swim
解析 7.D 由"It tk him 40 minutes t swim fur blcks"和文章介绍暴风雨很大可知，Jhnny是游到母亲家的，故选D。
8.A. shrtB. efficient
C. idealD. indefinite
解析 A 由"befre the water rse abve Karen’s 9 "和上文提到Karen坐在轮椅上，水已经到了她的腰部，且暴风雨很大可知，水很快就会淹没Karen，所以说Jhnny只有很短的时间游到母亲家里，故选A。shrt短的，efficient有效率的，ideal理想的，indefinite无限期的。
9.A. waistB. ankles
C. headD. knees
解析 C 由"befre the water rse abve Karen’s 9 "可知，暴风雨很大，所以水很快就会没过Karen的头，将她淹没，故选C。
10.A. harmB. music
C. adviceD. news
解析 B 由"She was still alive！"可知，听到母亲的声音，他很高兴，知道母亲还活着，所以此处将母亲的声音比作音乐，突出他很高兴，故选B。
11.A. respnsibleB. remarkable
C. inncentD. safe
解析 D 虽然他们失去了所有的东西，但是Jhnny家里的每个人现在都安全了。respnsible负责任的，remarkable非凡的，inncent无罪的，safe安全的。D项符合语境。
12.A. gratefulB. sure
C. cncernedD. surprised
解析 A 由"Everyne in Jhnny’s family is nw 11 "和"we are blessed"可知，他们都在暴风雨中幸存下来，所以他们心存感激，故选A。grateful感激的，sure肯定的，cncerned担忧的，surprised惊讶的。
13.A. memryB. hpe
C. sightD. weight
解析 B 由"we are blessed that it was just a reset buttn， nt the pwer"可知，Jhnny认为他们只是需要重新开启生活，这说明他没有失去希望，故选B。
14.A. screensB. keybards
C. buttnsD. mnitrs
解析 C 句意：生活就像一台电脑，有两个按钮：一个是复位按钮，一个是电源按钮。我们很幸运，按下的只是复位按钮，而不是电源按钮。C项符合语境。
15.A. preparedB. separated
C. injuredD. hit
解析 D 参见上题解析。prepare准备，separate分离，injure受伤，hit按。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]Snwpack， sea ice， and glaciers （冰川） are melting（融化） arund the wrld. One bvius effect f climate change is the rapid 1 （disappear） f glaciers. The decline f glaciers in the Glacier Natinal Park 2 （dcument） cntinually with phts is wrrying. Glaciers arund the wrld are melting mre quickly 3 snw and ice can build them up. In fact， the Arctic is warming at a rate f tw t three times 4 glbal average， faster than any ther place n Earth. This 5 （lead） t a 40 percent decrease and even mre in the minimum summer sea ice cver since 1978.Melted ice in the cean is bund 6 （cause） mre fresh and less dense（密度大的） water in the Nrth Atlantic， which culd ptentially disturb a pattern f cean circulatin that 7 （drive） by the sinking f cld， salty water in the Nrth Atlantic， knwn as thermhaline circulatin.
The Arctic ecsystem is 8 （easy） hurt by glbal warming. As the ice melts， animals there may have t adapt t a new way f life， r risk 9 （die） ut. Dr. Tm Brwn said， "The Arctic fd chain relies heavily n a stable sea ice platfrm and that is nw disappearing， which puts the regin’s wildlife 10 risk."
本文是说明文。全世界的冰川因气候变暖而大量融化，这会带来诸多问题。
1.disappearance 考查名词。空处所填词作表语，表示"消失"，故填不可数名词disappearance。
2.dcumented 考查非谓语动词。空处所填词作定语，修饰decline。dcument"记录"与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，故填dcumented。
3.than 考查连词。由"mre quickly"可知，空处填than"比"。
4.the 考查冠词。"倍数＋the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/..."是倍数表达结构，故填the。
5.hasled 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语"since 1978"表明空处用现在完成时，主语表示单数意义，且与lead为主谓关系，故填has led。
6.tcause 考查非谓语动词。be bund t d sth.表示"注定会做某事，一定会做某事"，是固定搭配。
7.isdriven 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代a pattern f cean circulatin， that与drive"驱动，推动"之间是被动关系，且此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。注意：空后的by也是被动语态的暗示。
8.easily 考查副词。空处所填词修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。
9.dying 考查非谓语动词。risk ding sth.表示"有做某事的风险"，为固定用法，故填dying。
10.at 考查介词。at risk表示"有风险"，为固定短语。