高教版（2021）拓展模块Unit 2 Sharpening Your Skills精品课时训练

这是一份高教版（2021）拓展模块Unit 2 Sharpening Your Skills精品课时训练，共12页。试卷主要包含了概述，被动语态的构成，主动语态转变为被动语态的方法等内容，欢迎下载使用。


重点短语
重点语法
被动语态
一、概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式是被动语态。
We speak English every day. 我们每天说英语。（主动句）
English is spken in many cuntries in the wrld. 世界上很多国家说英语。（被动句）
I lst my mbile phne yesterday. 我昨天丢了手机。（主动句）
My mbile phne was lst by me yesterday. (被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
1. 基本结构：
肯定句式：be+过去分词；
情态动词+be+过去分词
否定句式：be+ nt+过去分词；
情态动词+ nt+be+过去分词
（注意：get+过去分词也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化）
被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态体现在be动词上，be动词什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后的过去分词不变。几种常用时态的被动形式见下表：
【例1】Tday Chinese ______by mre and mre peple arund the wrld.
A. speakB. learnC. is spkenD. has learned
解析：C本题考查一般现在时的被动语态，其形式为：is/am/are+动词的过去分词，故选C
【例2】The Peple’s Republic f China ______ n Octber 1, 1949.
A. fund B. was funded C. is funded D. was fund
解析：B本题考查一般过去时的被动语态，其形式为was/were+动词的过去分词，故选B
【例3】Attentin, please! All the mbile phnes must ______in the meeting.
A. be turned ff B. turned ff C. turn ff D. be turning ff
解析：A本题考查情态动词的被动语态，其形式为：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词，故选A
【例4】Dn't wrry. Yu_____plenty f time t d it.
A. will give B. have given C. will be given D. are giving
解析：C本题考查一般将来时的被动语态，其形式为：will/shall +be+动词的过去分词，故选C
【试一试】
( ) 1. M Yan’s bk finally _____ published in 2014.
A. get B. gt C. has gt D. is getting
( ) 2. The meeting ____ if the manager can’t cme back n Mnday.
A. canceled B. will cancel C. was canceled D. will be canceled
( ) 3. Visitrs ______t be as quiet as pssible in the hall.
A. are askingB. are asked C. ask D. asks
( ) 4. The huse ______t a yung cuple last week.
A. was sellingB. is sld C. was sld D. has sld
( ) 5. Fd _____ in a cl place in summer, r it will g bad quickly.
A. must keep B. mustn't keep C. must be kept D. mustn't be kept
三、主动语态转变为被动语态的方法
1. 主动句为 “ 主谓宾 ” 结构
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；将主动谓语变为被动谓语
（be+过去分词)，如果谓语是一个短语动词，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词；将主动语态的主语变为 by短语。例如：
The by has finished the hmewrk.（主动句）
The hmewrk has been finished by the by.（被动句）
Mrs. White lks after her baby carefully. (主动句)
Her baby is lked after carefully by Mrs. White.（被动句）
注意：在某些被动句中，如果不强调动作的执行者，可省略by短语。如：
He was brn in 2005. 他生于2005年。
The bks were returned t the library the ther day.
这些书是前几天还给图书馆的。
2.主动句为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”（可选其中的直接宾语或间接宾语作主语）
Peter gave Tm a bk.（主动句）
Tm was given a bk by Peter. （被动句）
A bk was given t Tm by Peter. （被动句）
直接宾语a bk作被动语态的主语时，加了介词“t”表示指向性，指向给予的对象Tm，相当于句子Peter gave a bk t Tm.的变形。
以下双宾动词直接宾语改写为被动语态主语时需要在间接宾语前加介词t或者fr：
pass（传递） sb. sth.→ sth. be passed t sb.
sell （出售） sb. sth. →sth. be sld t sb.
lend （借出） sb. sth.→ sth. be lent t sb.
bring（带） sb. sth.→ sth. be brught t sb.
make（制作）sb. sth.→ sth. be made fr sb.
buy（买） sb. sth.→ sth. be bught fr sb.
主动句为“主语+谓语+宾语+补语”
He always keeps his rm clean.（主动句）
His rm is always kept clean.（被动句）
原句宾语his rm做被动语态句中的主语，动词keeps时态不变，改为is（be动词一般现在时第三人称单数）+kept（动词过去分词），补语clean照抄。
注意：一感觉（feel）, 两听（hear, listen t）, 三使（make, let, have）五看（see, watch, ntice, bserve,l k at）在主动语态中，后接省略t的不定式作宾补，在转化为被动语态时必须加上t。
The bss made the wrkers wrk ten hurs a day . (主动句)
The wrkers were made t wrk ten hurs a day by the bss.（被动句）
I ften see her walk alng the river after dinner. (主动句)
She is ften seen t walk alng the river by me after dinner.（被动句）
主动形式表被动意义
1.一些动词后面接ding主动表被动
这些动词是need, want, require（需要）, deserve（应得，值得）, be wrth（值得）。例如：
The rm needs cleaning. = The rm needs t be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。
The bk is wrth reading. = The bk is wrth t be read. 这本书值得一读。
2.表示主语某种属性特征的动词，常用“主语+动词+副词”表被动
这些动词如sell，write，read，wash，clean，burn，ck，drive，pen，lck等与副词如well（好），easily（容易地），perfectly（十分地）等连用，描绘事物的特性，用这种结构主动表被动。例如：
These cars sell well. 这些汽车很畅销。
This kind f meat cks easily. 这种肉很容易烹煮。
3.系动词（lk , feel , taste , smell , sund , appear , seem , turn , stay , get , grw , keep , becme）+ 形容词或名词构成系表结构表被动。例如：
The flwers smell sweet. 花闻起来很香甜。
Clthes made f silk feel sfter than thse made f cttn.
丝制的衣服比棉制的衣服摸起来更柔软。
表示开始和结束的动词（begin , start , finish ,end等）。
The first class begins at 8:30 every mrning.每天早上八点半开始上第一节课。
The film ended at ten ’clck. 电影是十点钟结束的。
5. 某些不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
①不定式作定语，和被修饰词有逻辑动宾关系或介宾关系。例如：
He has t much wrk t finish. 他有很多工作要做。
I need a pen t write with. 我需要一支笔来写字。
②不定式前有说明该不定式特征的形容词。例如：
The girl is difficult t get alng with. 这个女孩很难相处。
③不定式与特殊疑问词连用。例如：
I dn’t knw what t d next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。
五、汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。
It is said that … “据说”
It is well knwn that … “众所周知”
It is reprted that ... “据报道”
It is hped that ...“希望”
It is generally cnsidered that ... “普遍认为”
It is said that she wrks as an engineer.
据说她是一名工程师。
It is well knwn that Hangzhu is famus fr the West Lake.
众所周知,杭州因西湖而著名。
序号
英文
词性
中文
序号
英文
词性
中文
1
attitude
n.
态度
11
participate
n.
珍贵的
2
autmbile
n.
汽车
12
psitive
n.
招募
3
Clleague
n.
同事
13
precius
n.
居民
4
cmmittee
n.
委员会
14
recruitment
n.
有益的，值得做的
5
cmpetitin
n.
比赛
15
resident
n.
把……放在架子上
6
cnsumer
n.
顾客
16
rewarding
adj.
体育场
7
cntest
n.
比赛
17
shelve
adj.
主管
8
cperate
v.
合作
18
stadium
n.
有才能的
9
handle
v.
处理
19
individual
adj.
个人的
10
hspitality
n.
（酒店、饭店等的）招待；好客
20
Oral
adj.
口头的
序号
英文短语
中文释义
序
英文短语
中文释义
1
flral design
花艺设计
13
Knw abut
了解
2
pay ff
取得成功；奏效
14
participate in
参加
3
team player 人
善于团队合作的人
15
take part in
参加
4
Jin in
加入
16
get t
到达
时态
主动语态（以动词d为例）
被动语态（以动词d为例）
1
一般现在时
d/des
be(am/is/are)
am/is/are + dne
2
一般过去时
did
be(was/were)
was/were +dne
3
一般将来时
will/shall d
be ging t d
will be dne
be ging t be dne
4
现在进行时
am/is/are ding
am/is/are+being dne
5
现在完成时
have/has dne
have/has been dne
跟踪训练
一、单项选择
1．Tdd ________ a jb in a bank, but t ur surprise he didn’t take it.
A．fferedB．is fferedC．was fferedD．has ffered
2．— Over 100 cuntries and rganizatins ________ warm supprt t the Belt and Rad initiative(倡议) since 2013.
— Wnderful! Our circle f friends is grwing bigger!
A．giveB．have givenC．gaveD．will give
3．There ________ a sprts meeting next Friday.
A．is ging t haveB．is ging t beC．will have
4．—Can Jhn play sccer with us, Mrs. Black?
—One mment, please. He n the phne t his cusin.
A．talksB．talkedC．talkingD．is talking
5．2018年上海浦东二模 Black tea_______in China during the Ming Dynasty as a way t keep tea fresh.
A．inventedB．is inventedC．is inventingD．was invented
6．—What is Jane ding these days?
—She ________ a bk abut the histry f new China.
A．readsB．has readC．is reading
7． The students were excited when they knew they ______ ut fr a spring ut the next mnth.
A．wentB．had gne
C．will gD．wuld g
8．—Has Jack finished his hmewrk tday?
—I dn’t knw, and he ________ it this mrning.
A．is dingB．was dingC．has dneD．will d
9．Everybdy except Tm and Paul ________ in the classrm when the teacher came in.
A．areB．isC．wereD．was
10．—Culd yu tell me where Mr. Lin is?
—Yes. Lk, he ________ the flwers in the garden.
A．watersB．is wateringC．wateredD．has watered
二、完形填空
请先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Jhn McFall is a British dctr and a Paralympic sprinter（残奥会短跑选手）. He will sn becme the first ____11____ persn t be an astrnaut.
When he was 19, McFall was terribly hurt in a mtrbike accident. His right leg had t be remved, as a result, with nly ne leg left. It’s a pity that McFall had t ____12____ his dream f jining the army. He didn’t ____13____ being active, thugh. In 2008, he tk part in the Paralympic Games in Beijing, China, and ____14____ a medal in the 100-metre race.
Last year, McFall tk a new ____15____: an advertisement calling fr peple t jin the Eurpean Space Agency (ESA) as trainee（实习） astrnauts. ESA is an ____16____ fr space explratin that has 22 member cuntries. Mre than 22,500 peple applied（申请）t becme astrnauts, including McFall. He said he felt s ____17____ by it that he just had t apply fr the prgram.
In Nvember, came the news that ESA had chsen MFall t be its first astrnaut. His training will be ____18____: it includes 12 mnths f lessns n everything frm ____19____ t walk in space t learning t speak Russian. In fact, few peple can bear it.
As part f his new rle, McFall will take part in a study int hw ESA can ____20____ mre peple with physical disabilities t travel int space in the future. “I think the message I wuld give t future generatins is that science is fr everyne and space travel, hpefully, can be fr everyne,” he says.
11．A．devtedB．disabledC．differentD．dangerus
12．A．make upB．cheer upC．give upD．stay up
13．A．stpB．helpC．riskD．enjy
14．A．savedB．lentC．lstD．wn
15．A．standardB．challengeC．influenceD．thught
16．A．rganizatinB．inventinC．industryD．peratin
17．A．experiencedB．encuragedC．interestedD．satisfied
18．A．creativeB．excitingC．difficultD．bring
19．A．hwB．whenC．whereD．why
20．A．makeB．haveC．cnnectD．supprt
三、阅读单选
FOOD is basic – it’s what keeps us ging. But fr students at the Internatinal Culinary (烹饪) Center (ICC) in New Yrk City, it’s much mre than that – fd is the future. ICC “gave me a directin”, said Sng Wenlng, 25, a Chinese native and recent graduate f the wrld famus cking schl.
ICC, which was set up in 1984, ffers curses frm chef (厨师)training prgrams t wine studies and restaurant management”, accrding t its website.
And as the schl has grwn, the number f internatinal students t ICC, including Chinese, is rising every year. One example is Sng Wenlng, wh grew up in Shanghai but nw wrks in Ls Angeles as directr f fd develpment fr RJ Chinese Kitchen, a restaurant in Califrnia.
Sng has lived in the US fr three years. He first cmpleted a degree in Engineering at Stny Brk University in New Yrk. Sng said. “I chse the degree based n my parents’ pinin. The peple I met abrad encuraged me t chase my dream, s I ended up changing my whle career path.”
That's what brught him t ICC ---his lve f fd. “Grwing up, my uncle had a restaurant, and I lved ging with him t the farmers’ market. When I was 16, I started t ck n my wn.”
Sng said he likes ICC’s ideas tward cking. “They taught me hw t ck, nt special recipes（秘诀）. They call it ‘cking techniques’. I learned a lt frm that. The tw-mnth internship(实习) in a restaurant was helpful, t. It gave me a lk at a high-quality, prfessinal kitchen.”
Sng highly recmmends Chinese chefs and fd lvers g abrad and study. Abve all, he feels gd abut the fact that mre yung Chinese peple are starting t chase their wn dreams.
21．What is the main pint f the article?
A．The ppularity f cking schls arund the wrld.
B．What makes ICC a great cking schl.
C．Hw Wenlng succeeded in his studies at ICC．
D．Mre Chinese students learning cking abrad.
22．Why did Wenlng chse t g t ICC?
A．He had a great lve f fd.
B．ICC ffers varius kinds f curses.
C．His parents rdered him t chse a career in fd.
D．His classmates encuraged him t wrk in fd.
23．Hw is ICC different frm ther cking schls accrding t Wenlng?
A．It teaches many unique recipes.
B．It teaches students cking techniques.
C．It has tp prfessrs frm all ver the wrld.
D．It lets students intern at the best restaurants.
24．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T attract internatinal students t apply fr ICC
B．T prepare the students in ICC fr a career in cking
C．T encurage yung peple t chase their wn dreams
D．T shw hw t write a cllege applicatin letter
参考答案：
1．C
2．B
3．B
4．D
5．D
6．C
7．D
8．B
9．D
10．B
11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．A