【寒假作业】译林版2020 高中英语 高二寒假巩固提升训练 专题03+选择必修第三册+Unit+3++Back+to+the+past(知识讲解+高考必考题型练)-练习.zip

这是一份【寒假作业】译林版2020 高中英语 高二寒假巩固提升训练 专题03+选择必修第三册+Unit+3++Back+to+the+past(知识讲解+高考必考题型练)-练习.zip，文件包含寒假作业译林版2020高中英语高二寒假巩固提升训练专题03选择必修第三册Unit3Backtothepast知识讲解+高考必考题型练原卷版docx、寒假作业译林版2020高中英语高二寒假巩固提升训练专题03选择必修第三册Unit3Backtothepast知识讲解+高考必考题型练解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。


核心单词讲解
1. cnvince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
(1)cnvince sb.f sth. 使某人相信某事
cnvince sb.t d sth.说服某人做某事
(2)cnvinced adj. 确信的；深信的
be cnvinced f/that...相信……
(3)cnvincing adj. 令人信服的
2. n behalf f 代表(或代替)；为帮助，为了
(1)n behalf f sb.(=n ne’s behalf) 为了某人；代表某人；为……的利益
(2)represent vt. 代表
(3)representativen. 代表；代理人 adj. 典型的；有代表性的
(4)stand fr代表；象征
3. lad vt. & vi. 装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量
(1)lads f=a lad f 大量，许多
take a lad ff ne’s mind打消某人的顾虑
(2) 用……装载……
把……装到……上去
(3)wrklad n. 工作量
dwnlad vt. 下载
uplad vt. 上传
verlad v. 超载
4. strengthen vt. & vi. 加强，增强
(1)strength n. [U]力量，力气[C]优势，长处
(2)have the strength t d sth. 有力量做某事
build up ne’s strength强身健体
strengths and weaknesses优势和劣势，长处和短处
5. dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
dismiss sb.(frm) 解雇某人
dismiss 对……不屑一提；不予考虑
dismiss sb./sth. frm sth. 消除，摒除(思想、感情等)
6. acknwledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
(1)acknwledge sb./sth.t be/as...认为某人/物是……；承认某人/物是……
acknwledge ding/having dne sth.承认做了某事
It is universally/widely acknwledged that...……是大家公认的
(2)acknwledgement n. 承认；感谢；收件复函
in acknwledgement f(公开)感谢……
7. influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的
(1)be influential in 对……有影响
(2)influence n. 影响
have an influence/influences n/upn对……有影响
have an influence ver 对……有支配力
(3)influence v. 影响；对……起作用
8. insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
(1)insist n/upn (sb./sb.’s) (ding) sth.坚持要求(某人)(做)某事
Insist that … 坚持认为，从句用陈述语气
Insist that… 坚决要求， 从句用虚拟语气 (..(shuld)d…)
(2)insistencen. 坚持
(3)insistentadj. 坚持的；坚决要求的
be insistent n/that...坚持……
9. panic n. 惊恐，恐慌 vi. & vt. (panicked，panicked) (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
(1)in panic 惊慌失措地
get int a panic陷入恐慌
(2)panic sb.int ding sth.使某人惊慌地做某事
10.regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会
(1)regardless f 不顾；不管
(2)despite=in spite f 尽管；不管；虽然(后常接名词，不接从句)
(3)in/with regard t 关于；至于
withut regard t 不考虑；不顾及
11. allw fr 使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内
表示“考虑到；鉴于”的单词和短语
in view f 鉴于；考虑到
in cnsideratin f 考虑到，鉴于
cnsideratin 顾及；考虑到……
take accunt f 考虑到……，把……考虑进去
given prep. 鉴于，考虑到
cnsidering prep. & cnj. 鉴于，考虑到
12. astnish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊
(1)It astnishes 令某人惊讶的是……
(2)astnishing adj. 令人惊讶的；难以置信的
(3)astnished adj. 感到惊讶的
be astnished t d sth.做某事感到很惊讶
be astnished at/by对……感到惊讶
(4)astnishment n. 惊讶
t ne’s astnishment 令某人惊讶的是
13. facilitate vt. 使便利，促进
(1)facilitate sth./ding sth. 促进……
facilitate cmmunicatin 方便联系； 促进沟通
(2)facility n. 设施，设备
sprts/leisure facilities 体育/休闲设施
facility fr... 用于……的设备
(3)facilitatin n. 简易化； 助长
14. srt ut 理顺，整理；把……安排好
(1)srt sth. int 把……分成
srt thrugh 分类，整理
srt neself ut 处理自己的事
(2)srt f=kind f 有几分，有点儿
a srt f 一种；有点
all srts f 各种各样的
15. available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的
(1)available resurces 可利用的资源
be available fr sth./t sb.对……有用
(2)availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性
the availability f ……的可用性
16. adpt vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi. 领养，收养
(1)adpt sb. 收养/挑选某人/某物为……
(2)adptin n. 收养；采用
(3)adpted sn/daughter 养子/养女；义子/义女
17. cmparisn n. 对比；比较
(1)by cmparisn 通过对比，相比之下
make a cmparisn 进行比较
in cmparisn (with) 相比之下；与……比较
beynd cmparisn 无与伦比
(2)cmpare v. 比较，对比
cmpare A and/with B 比较A和B
cmpare A t B 把A比作B
cmpared t/with 和……比起来；相比之下
18. pack vt. & vi. 塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾，打包；包装 n. 包，包裹；小盒，小包
(1)pack up 整理；把……打包
挤进……里；塞进
(2)a pack f 一包(盒，捆，群)……
(3)packed with sth.有大量……的；……极多的
19. cntrary adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
cntrary t 与……相反，违反
cntrary advice/pinins/arguments 相反的建议/观点/论点
the cntrary 相反的事实(或事情、情况)
n the cntrary 恰恰相反
quite the cntrary 恰恰相反，正相反
t the cntrary 相反的(地)
20.dive vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水 n. 冲；扑；俯冲；潜水；跳水
(1)dive int... 投入，潜入；把手伸入；钻研
dive fr...扑向；潜水寻找……
dive ff 从……跳水
g diving 去潜水
(2)diver n.潜水者；跳水选手
21. freeze(frze， frzen) vi. & vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵
(1)freeze (sth.) up 冻结；怯场
freeze t death冻死
freeze ne’s bld使某人处于惊恐状态
(2)freezing adj. 冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的
(3)frzen adj. 冻结的，冻僵的
22. drag vt. 拖；拉；缓慢而费力地移动
drag by 缓慢度过
drag n拖延
drag ne’s feet/ heels 行动缓慢
将……硬拉入
23. bleed vi. (bled， bled) 失血；流血
(1)bleed fr 为……感到悲伤；为……流血
bleed t death因流血过多致死
(2)bleedingadj. 流血的 n. 出血
(3)bld n. 血液
24. sink vi. & vt. (sank； sunk) 下沉；沉没；坐下；降低
sink in 渗入；完全被理解
sink int 陷入；沉沦
sink dwn沉落
sink r swim成败全靠自己
sink differences摒弃分歧
a sinking feeling 一种不祥的预感
25. shift n. 改变；转移；轮班vi. & vt. (使)移动；(使)转移；改变
(1)shift 从……转向……
shift respnsibility/blame fr sth.nt sb.把某事的责任推给某人
shift ne’s grund转变立场
(2)wrk shift 轮岗，轮班
day/night shift白/夜班
shift in temperature温度变化
二、重点词块速记
1. n behalf f 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了
2. in panic 恐慌地，惊慌地
3. regardless f 不管，不顾
4. allw fr 使成为可能；考虑到， 把……计算在内
5. set ft到访；踏入；进入
6. keep sb. ut f danger 使某人平安
7. set sail启航； 开航
8. n bard在船上
9. in length长度上
10. pass n 传递；传给
11. srt ut 理顺，整理；把……安排好
12. cntrary t 与……相反，违反
13. dress sb. in sth. 给(某人)穿衣服
14. hang ver笼罩
15. cme t neself苏醒；恢复知觉
16. declare war n/against对……宣战
17. in hrrr惊恐地
18. get in tuch with sb.与某人取得联系
19. pen up畅所欲言
20. in respnse t对……作出反应
21. be suitable fr适合
22. bring abut导致，引起
三、重点句型剖析
1. A fleet f ver 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almst 28,000 peple n bard, which was a splendid scene. (with复合结构)由200多艘船组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行,船上有近28 000人,场面极其壮观。
2. Accrding t sme recrds, the largest ships were ver 140 metres in length, demnstrating the advanced technlgy and special skills used in cnstructing ships. (现在分词短语作伴随状语)据史料记载,郑和船队最大的船超过140米长,显示了用于建造船舶的先进的技术和独特工艺。
3. Regardless f all the challenges, Clumbus managed t keep everyne ut f danger with his knwledge and bravery acrss the cean. (keep+宾语+宾语补足语)不顾所有挑战,哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。
4. Thse wh make great discveries must ften vercme many challenges alng the way—as was the case with the explrer Christpher Clumbus. (as引导非限制性定语从句)凡取得伟大发现的人,往往必须战胜重重磨难——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。
5. After receiving the rder t abandn ship, Luis saved mre men frm the water, dragging them int the lifebat. (现在分词短语作伴随状语)接到弃船的命令后,路易斯又从水中救出了更多的人,把他们拖进了救生艇。
6. Out f 37 sets f brthers, Russell and his brther were the nly full pair t survive the attack. (the d)在(船上的)37对兄弟中,拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一在那次袭击中幸存下来的一对。
7. The shift frm the cttage industry t the factry system, cmbined with the intrductin f new machines, new energy surces and new frms f transprt, prmted ecnmic grwth and expanded wrld trade. (过去分词短语作状语)从家庭手工业向工厂体制的转变,加上新机器、新能源和新交通方式的引进,促进了经济增长,扩大了世界贸易。
、
重点句型
as is the case with...
(教材原句) Thse wh make great discveries must ften vercme many challenges alng the way—as was the case with the explrer Christpher Clumbus.凡取得伟大发现的人,往往必须战胜重重磨难——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。
(1)as is the case with... 是固定表达方式,意为“和……情况一样”,“……也是如此”,其中的as引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时是关系代词,用来指代整个句子的内容,有“正如”之意,常放于主句之前,有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。
2. 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语
(教材原句)After receiving the rder t abandn ship, Luis saved mre men frm the water, dragging them int the lifebat.接到弃船的命令后,路易斯从水中救出了更多的人,把他们拖进了救生艇。
(1)现在分词(短语)作伴随状语,表示伴随情况,所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主动关系。翻译时一般译成并列句。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语,含有一般式(ding),完成式(having dne)以及完成被动式(having been dne)。
延伸：一般情况下,现在或过去分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,如果作状语的分词(短语)的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致,分词(短语)就要带上自己的逻辑主语,构成分词(短语)独立主格结构。
3. 过去分词短语作状语
(教材原句)The shift frm the cttage industry t the factry system, cmbined with the intrductin f new machines, new energy surces and new frms f transprt, prmted ecnmic grwth and expanded wrld trade.从家庭手工业向工厂体制的转变,加上新机器、新能源和新交通方式的引进,促进了经济增长,扩大了世界贸易。
过去分词短语作状语。
(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等,表示被动或完成;
(2)过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致;
(3)过去分词(短语)表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
重点语法 (表语从句)
一.概念
表语从句即在主从复合句中用作表语的从句。
二、表语从句的引导词
1.从属连词
(1)that引导表语从句时,只起引导作用,不充当任何成分,也无任何意义,但通常不省略。
(2023·浙江1月高考)The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.结果是,许多社区,特别是在农业地区,将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。
(2)whether意为“是否”,引导表语从句时,不能用if替换;as if/thugh意为“好像,似乎”。
The prblem nw is whether humans have realized the seriusness f destrying the envirnment.现在的问题是,人类是否已经意识到了破坏环境的严重性。
2.连接代词
连接代词在表语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
The questin is what I shuld d t imprve my study efficiency.问题是我应该做什么来提高我的学习效率。
The prblem is wh we can get t replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
3.连接副词
连接副词在表语从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语。
This is where I grew up.I knw this area like the back f my hand.我在这儿长大的,我对这地方再熟悉不过了。
This is hw he slved the difficult prblem.这就是他解决那个难题的方法。
延伸： (1)reasn作主语时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导,不宜用because。句型为：The reasn why… is that…
The reasn why she gt s excited was that her sn had been admitted int a key university.她如此兴奋的原因是她的儿子被一所重点大学录取了。
(2)because和why引导表语从句时,that’s because...强调原因;that’s why...强调结果。
I’m writing t express my thanks t yu.That’s because with yur help, I have made great prgress in English.我写信是为了表达我对你的感谢。那是因为在你的帮助下,我的英语取得了很大的进步。
He stayed up t late last night.That’s why he was late fr wrk this mrning.他昨晚熬夜太晚了。那就是他今天早上上班迟到的原因。
4.用于虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用“shuld+动词原形” 表示,shuld可省略。常见的名词有:advice,suggestin,rder,prpsal,request 等。
My advice is that yu (shuld) get rid f yur bad lifestyle and have a balanced diet.
我的建议是你应该改掉坏的生活方式,均衡饮食。
考点一、核心单词语法填空
Ⅰ单词拼写
1. They try t ________(说服) me t buy a cheaper electric car.
2. I did nt ________(承认) that she had dne anything wrng.
3. When the fire brke ut, peple ________(恐慌) and ran in all directins.
4. Many ________(文学的) wrks becme well received after they are adapted int films.
5. As yu knw, Carline Hug is a famus writer and ________(有很大影响力的) mvie critic.
6. When the accident happened, all passengers ________(在船上) fell int the river.
7. I am at a lss because what he has tld me is the ________(相反) f what yu have tld me.
8. The schl ________(制服) are fine, but nt special enugh t give a unique Chinese flavr.
9. It is ne f the best ways t btain drinking water in areas where the liquid is nt readily ________(可获得的).
10. The develping cuntries bear the burden f an enrmus external debt, s they need urgent ________(金融的) help.
Ⅱ单句语法填空
1. Je listened, ________(shift)uncmfrtably frm ne ft t anther.
2. The President is cmmitted t ________(refrm) health care.
3.(2023上·广东广州·高二执信中学校考期中) (cnvince) that the gvernment can lead them ut f the financial dilemma, peple are ptimistic abut the future f the cuntry.
4.(2023上·江苏无锡·高二江阴市华士高级中学校考阶段练习)Seeing peple f different natinalities live tgether ________(harmny) is a great pleasure.
5.(2023上·黑龙江双鸭山·高二双鸭山一中校考开学考试)A number f lcal peple have been arrested fr trying t stp trucks (lad) with lgs.
6. A number f lcal peple have been arrested fr trying t stp trucks laded ________ lgs.
7. Des this friendship (strength) me r weaken me?
8. He was in great depressin after (dismiss) by the cmpany.
9. Unfrtunately, he was ________(dismiss) frm the jb and led a miserable life.
10. He was threatened dismissal if he cntinued t turn up late fr wrk.
11.(2023上·四川成都·高二校考期中)Stephen Curry is living prf ________ what thers think f yu desn’t have t influence what yu becme.
12.(2023上·河南南阳·高二校考阶段练习)It is ________(acknwledge) that the summit was a great success.
13.(2023上·河南南阳·高二校考阶段练习)She is generally acknwledged ________ ne f the finest pets in the wrld.
14.(2023上·广东东莞·高二校联考阶段练习)The ________(influence) writer has a gd reputatin at hme and abrad.
15.(2023上·江苏盐城·高二江苏省响水中学校考阶段练习)The spread f wrsening internatinal ________(finance) crisis has seriusly affected wrld ecnmic grwth and stability.
16.(2023上·福建莆田·高二校联考期中)I insist n (speak) t the manager, since yu are clearly unable t help me.
17. His English teacher insisted that he ________(hand) in his hmewrk tmrrw mrning.
18. We shuld make an aplgy t all f yu fr the late ________(depart) f this flight.
19.(2023上·福建漳州·高二福建省华安县第一中学校考阶段练习)They face a desperate ________(shrt) f clean water.
20. They were (astnish) t see a plice car with flashing lights pull up utside their hme.
21. Cntrary ________ his idea, I think the highlight f the music festival is the last sng.
22. He seemed t dislike the antiques and crafts. ________ the cntrary, he was fnd f them very much.
考点二、重点词块选词填空
选词填空(可适当改变形式)
1. Culd yu ________ the tys that can be thrwn away?
2. Hw much d all the items cst, ________ rund­trip tickets?
3. ________ mst managers’ pinin, the yung manager viced his unique view.
4. We’ve fixed the date fr the uting and we’ll g ________ wind r rain.
5. I’ll g t the airprt t meet this year’s exchange students ________ ur schl.
考点三、重点句型完成句子
1. The child slipped and fell, ________________. (现在分词短语作状语)
那孩子滑了一跤,头撞在了门上。
2. He frgt t bring his pen with him, ________________. (as is the case)
他忘了带钢笔, 这是常事。
3. Mr William was the nly freign friend ________________. (the nly t d…)
威廉先生是出席会议的唯一外国朋友。
4. ________________,the twn lks mre beautiful. (动词过去分词作状语)
从山顶往下看,这座城镇看起来更加漂亮。
5. ________________ is the key step t make life healthy. (Keep的宾语补足语)
保持环境清洁、无污染是实现健康生活的关键一步。
考点四、重点语法单词语法填空
1.(2023上·河北石家庄·高二校考阶段练习)I’m ging t chse English as my majr because English is my interest lies.
2. The best part f the art wrk is peple can think f smething f their wn.
3.(2023上·广东东莞·高二校联考阶段练习)What surprised us was he wrked ut the prblem in such a shrt time.
4. The tube is peple call the undergrund in Lndn.
5. This is ________ I went there by train.
6.(2023上·山西大同·高二大同一中校考阶段练习)The system wrks well in the lab, but the questin is it will wrk in reality.
7. What wrries me mst is we make him feel at hme.
8. The fact is he desn’t really try.
9. Taking a year ff frm schl t travel abrad is is generally called a gap year.
10. The questin remains ________ they will be able t help us.
11. The mst imprtant is ________ I am independent and have a gd cmmand f English.
12. The reasn was ________ I had eaten t much fatty fd.
能力提升
阅读理解
(2023上·云南·高二云南师大附中校考阶段练习)When ancient Egyptians put pen t paper—r, mre accurately, ink t papyrus(纸莎草纸)--they tk steps t ensure that their wrds wuld last frever, a new study suggests. Researchers frm the University f Cpenhagen have fund that ancient scribes(抄写员) likely added lead t their inks t help their writing dry. Mre than 1,000 years later, reprts Csms Magazine, 15th-century Eurpean artists emplyed lead as well. Accrding t the Lndn Natinal Gallery, lead-based pigments fund in many Old Master paintings are “knwn t aid the drying f paint films.”
Accrding t a statement frm the University f Cpenhagen, the study’s authrs analyzed 12 papyrus pieces dating back t between 100 and 200 C.E., when Egypt was under Rman cntrl. The team used X-ray micrscpe t determine the raw materials used in different inks, as well as the chemical structure f the dried ink attached t the ancient paper. Ancient Egyptians began writing with ink—made by burning wd r il and mixing the resulting material with water—arund 3200 B.C. Typically, scribes used black, carbn-based ink fr the bdy f text and reserved red ink fr headings and ther key wrds in the text. Thugh black and red inks were mst cmmn, shades f blue, green, white and yellw als appeared in ancient texts.
The researchers write that the Egyptians created red inks with irn-based cmbinatins—mst likely natural earth pigments. The team als identified the presence f lead. They were bwled ver that there was n lead white r ther cmbinatins that wuld typically be present in a lead-based pigment. Instead, the ancient ink’s lead pigments appeared t wrap arund the papyrus cell walls and irn particles(微粒). The resulting effect lked “as if the letters were utlined” in lead. This finding indicates that the ancient Egyptians invented a system f adding lead t red and black inks specifically fr the purpse f sticking the wrds t paper.
The 12 analyzed papyrus pieces are part f the University f Cpenhagen’s Papyrus Carlsberg Cllectin. The dcuments riginated in Tebtunis, the nly large-scale institutinal library knwn t have survived frm ancient Egyptian times.
1. What is the main functin f lead in the masterpieces f the ancients?
A.T make the clrs brighter.B.T stick the ink t the pen.
C.T help the writing dry.D.T increase their thickness.
2. What can be inferred frm the statement?
A.It was easy fr X-ray micrscpe t detect the raw materials.
B.Only wet inks can be used t determine their chemical cmpnents.
C.Ancient Egyptians already knew black culd catch eyes easily.
D.The inks used by the ancient Egyptians came in a variety f clrs.
3. What d the underlined wrds mean?
A. Amazed.B. Cncerned.C. Angry.D. Wrried.
4. Hw did the ancient Egyptians make wrds stay n paper fr a lng time accrding t Paragraph 3?
A. By cmbining several kinds f clrs.
B. By adding lead t red and black inks.
C. By breaking the structure f the clrs.
D. By analyzing the elements f the paper.
二.语法填空
(2023上·山东泰安·高二新泰市第一中学校考阶段练习)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Grand Canal, the bldline that flws thrugh the hearts f Chinese peple, has 1 histry f mre than 2,500 years. It 2 (cnsist) f the Beijing-Hangzhu Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal and the Zhedng Canal. The Grand Canal, the wrld’s lngest man-made waterway 3 (shape) the culture and cmmerce f the cuntry since it was built.
Befre it was built, peple in ancient China relied heavily 4 hrses and xen, r 5 (simple) traveled by ft t trade gds, which limited the extent t which gds culd 6 (trade). In fact, the Grand Canal facilitated the transprt f materials fr the cnstructin f the Frbidden City. The palace cmplex was built using materials frm different parts f the cuntry. 7 (resurce) like the bricks fired in Shandng and Jiangsu were transprted t the imperial(皇家的) city alng the canal’s 8 (vary) sectins.
The Grand Canal nt nly brught prsperity t cities alng the rute, 9 nurished the evlutin f Chinese culture. It was an envirnment 10 peple culd share their experiences, traditins and culture with thers. Tday, the bm f the area is a scene f the past, but the spirit f penness has becme part f the lcal culture.目录
新知导航：熟悉课程内容、掌握知识脉络
基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备
重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力
小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用
从属连词
that, whether, as if/thugh
连接代词
what, which, wh, whm, whse, whatever, whichever, whever,whmever
连接副词
when, where, why, hw
srt ut, allw fr, regardless f, n behalf f, cntrary t