2023-2024学年贵州省贵阳第一中学高三上学期高考适应性月考英语试卷（一）含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年贵州省贵阳第一中学高三上学期高考适应性月考英语试卷（一）含答案，文件包含贵州省贵阳第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期高考适应性月考英语试卷一原卷版docx、贵州省贵阳第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期高考适应性月考英语试卷一解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。

1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。
3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
注意，听力部分答题时请先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束前你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Hw des the man travel t wrk?
A. By bicycle. B. By bus. C. By car.
2. Wh is the man talking with?
A. His friend. B. A salespersn. C. His mther.
3. Where are the speakers prbably?
A. At an ffice. B. At a bus stp. C. At a shpping center.
4. What will the wman prbably d next?
A. D sme chres.
B. G ut with her friend.
C. See a mvie with her brther.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. Ways f cking. B. Cleaning techniques. C. Husehld chres.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Why des the man mainly want t leave the city?
A. It’s t busy. B. It’s t nisy. C. It’s t incnvenient.
7. Hw might the wman feel abut living in the city?
A. Grateful. B. Stressed. C. Bred.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What happened t the man?
A. He lst his way.
B. He missed the train.
C. He gt his luggage stlen.
9. Hw des the wman help the man?
A. By giving him a receipt.
B. By giving him directins.
C. By carrying his luggage.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What prblem des Rger have with exams?
A. He isn’t clever. B. He desn’t wrk hard C. He isn’t cnfident.
11. Hw des the man decide t help Rger?
A. By helping him t stay calm.
B. By finding an expert fr him.
C By giving him sme advice abut his future.
12. What d we knw abut the wman?
A. She is easy t be tired.
B. She ften feels nervus.
C. She finds exercise is a gd way t relax.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What is the man’s attitude t recycling in general?
A. Optimistic. B. Dubtful. C. Curius
14. What still needs t be recycled accrding t the wman?
A. Batteries. B. Plastic. C. Paper.
15. What des the man say abut exprting trash?
A. It is wrthy. B. It is wrng. C. It is expensive
16. Wh gets the waste cllected mst frequently?
A. The man B. The wman. C. The wman’s ld neighbr
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What des the speaker think f the wedding in Italy?
A. It is typical. B. It is bring. C. It is impressive.
18. Where did the bridegrm meet the bride?
A. In Italy. B. In France. C. In England.
19. What ften happens at American weddings accrding t the speaker?
A. Lng speeches are given.
B. A big dinner is served befre the wedding.
C. Everything abut wedding is made at hme.
20. Why did the family cut up the bridegrm’s tie?
A. T sell it fr mney. B. T play a jke n him. C. T make him different.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The traditinal Chinese slar calendar divides the year int 24 slar terms. Start f Autumn, the 13th slar term f the year, begins this year n Aug.8 and ends n Aug.22. Start f Autumn reflects the end f summer and the beginning f autumn. The fllwing are 4 things yu shuld knw abut Start f Autumn.
“Autumn Tiger”
Althugh Start f Autumn indicates the beginning f autumn, ht weather will nt cme t an end. The perid f ht days after Start f Autumn, usually lasting fr 30 days, is called “Autumn Tiger” r “Indian Summer. ” Because f decreasing rainfall, it is even much htter during this perid than during Majr Heat.
Fleshing ut in autumn
On the first day f the Start f Autumn, usually peple will weigh themselves and cmpare their weight t what it was at the Start f Summer. If ne has lst weight during the summer, then at the beginning f autumn, he r she needs t flesh ut by eating many different kinds f delicius fd, especially meat.
Gathering crps
Start f Autumn is a big slar term fr farmers. It is time t gather crps. There is a saying: If it rains n the day f the Start f Autumn, a gd harvest is expected.
Eating peaches
In Hangzhu, peple eat peaches n the Start f Autumn day. The peach stnes are kept until New Year’s Eve and thrwn int the stve, burned int ash. Peple believed that in this way, plagues (瘟疫) culd be prevented fr the whle year.
1. Which is abut the weather f Start f Autumn?
A. “Autumn Tiger”.B. Fleshing ut in autumn.
C. Gathering crpsD. Eating peaches.
2. What will peple d after lsing weight in summer?
A. Weigh themselves mre ften.B. Take exercise mre frequently.
C. Put n mre weight in autumn.D. Cnsume mre fresh vegetables.
3. Why d peple keep peach stnes until New Year’s Eve?
A. T keep away frm bad luck.B. T cure infectius diseases,
C T plant peaches in the new year.D. T pray fr a healthy new year.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国的传统文化中，关于立秋我们应该知道的几件事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Autumn Tiger”部分中的“Althugh Start f Autumn indicates the beginning f autumn, ht weather will nt cme t an end. The perid f ht days after Start f Autumn, usually lasting fr 30 days, is called “Autumn Tiger” r “Indian Summer. ” Because f decreasing rainfall, it is even much htter during this perid than during Majr Heat(虽然立秋预示着秋天的开始，但炎热的天气不会结束。立秋后的一段炎热的日子，通常持续30天，被称为“秋老虎”或“印第安夏”。由于降雨量减少，这段时间比大暑还要热得多。)”可知，“秋老虎”是关于立秋的天气。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Fleshing ut in autumn”部分中的“If ne has lst weight during the summer, then at the beginning f autumn, he r she needs t flesh ut by eating many different kinds f delicius fd, especially meat.(如果一个人在夏天瘦了，那么在秋天开始的时候，他或她需要吃许多不同种类的美味食物，尤其是肉来充实自己。)”可知，如果一个人在夏天瘦了，那么他会在秋天开始吃各种食物以增加体重。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“In Hangzhu, peple eat peaches n the Start f Autumn day. The peach stnes are kept until New Year’s Eve and thrwn int the stve, burned int ash. Peple believed that in this way, plagues(瘟疫)culd be prevented fr the whle year.(在杭州，人们在立秋这天吃桃子。桃核一直保存到除夕，然后扔进炉子里烧成灰烬。人们相信，这样，一整年都可以预防瘟疫。)”可知，人们之所以要把核桃保存到除夕是觉得这样可以预防瘟疫，也就是说是为了祈祷来年健康。故选D。
B
One day, I fund myself faced with a traffic jam leading up t a lane clsure abut a mile ahead. The left lane f traffic was almst at a standstill as the right ne crept (缓慢移动) steadily ahead, filtering (汇入) int the left at the last pssible mment. At first, I stayed in the mving lane. I crept guiltily past a few cars but, afraid f running ut f space, mved back int the left lane with plenty f rm t spare.
“That's yu all ver,” said my friend, “yu're always afraid f running ut.”
His thrwaway (脱口而出的) cmment hit ne f thse sre spts I'd rather nt acknwledge. S many f my self-defeating actins are typical f my deep, underlying fear f nt having enugh.
Yu can see me give up mving t the frnt f a traffic queue because I'm afraid that I'll run ut f rm befre I can change lanes. Observe a fridge full f leftvers where I've put a little f each dish away fr later. Watch me getting ready t g ut and yu'll see that I pack t much fd, and t many clthes, “just in case”. Receiving an invitatin frm a friend, I'll ften turn them dwn r cut the ccasin shrt because I sense a lack f time...
Smehw, thugh, saving smething fr later desn't help. It just serves t prevent yu getting the best ut f life. The pverty mentality desn't just increase yur awareness f lack; it creates new absences that feed the fear and make it grw. Take a mment t picture the wrst-case scenari: yu'll have t wait a few mments fr a gap in the traffic. S what? Nt exactly life-threatening!
This can nly be brken by whlehearted enjyment f what yu have, by taking risks and using everything in yur pssessin fr its intended purpse: fd t be eaten, time and friends t be enjyed.
4. Why did the authr mve back t the left lane?
A. T give thers mre space t pass.B. T avid missing the chance t filter.
C. T chse a faster lane.D. T keep away frm the jam.
5. What des the authr's friend think f him?
A. Sensitive.B. Indifferent.C. Cnsiderate.D. Overcautius.
6. What d we knw abut the pverty mentality?
A. It can help us save smething fr later.B. It can help us get the best ut f life.
C. It can decrease ur awareness f lack.D. It can give rise t mre fear fr lack.
7. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A Facing the Fear f Nt EnughB. Getting the Best ut f Life
C. Saving Mney fr A Rainy DayD. Being Prepared fr the Wrst
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者在面对车流拥堵和车道关闭时，由于深深内心的恐惧导致自己过于谨慎和缺乏享受生活的能力。作者试图避免错过机会，但害怕不够用的恐惧让他放弃了很多事情，如错过变道的机会、过多的保存食物和物品等。作者指出贫穷的思维模式只会增加对缺乏的意识，制造新的缺乏并加剧恐惧。文章最后呼吁我们要享受所拥有的一切，敢于冒险并善用一切为其目的而存在的东西。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The left lane f traffic was almst at a standstill as the right ne crept(缓慢移动)steadily ahead, filtering int the left at the last pssible mment. At first, I stayed in the mving lane. I crept guiltily past a few cars but, afraid f running ut f space, mved back int the left lane with plenty f rm t spare(左边车道上的车辆几乎处于停顿状态，而右边的车辆则在最后一刻慢慢地向前移动，慢慢地进入左边。起初，我呆在移动车道上。我内疚地蹑手蹑脚地超过了几辆车，但由于担心空间不够，我又回到了左车道，腾出了很多空间。)”可知，作者回到左车道是为了不错过汇入的机会。作者看到右车道在最后一刻才开始汇入左车道，他们担心自己没有足够的空间可以变道，所以不想错过这个汇入的机会。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中““That's yu all ver, ” said my friend, “yu're always afraid f running ut.”(“你就是这样，”我的朋友说，“你总是害怕用完。”)”以及第三段中 “S many f my self-defeating actins are typical f my deep, underlying fear f nt having enugh. (我许多自我挫败的行为都表明了我深层次的恐惧——害怕不够。)”可知，朋友认为作者是过于谨慎小心。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ The pverty mentality desn't just increase yur awareness f lack;it creates new absences that feed the fear and make it grw. (贫穷的心态不仅会增加你对匮乏的意识，还会产生新的缺失，从而助长恐惧并使之增长。)”可知，贫穷的心态不仅会增加你对匮乏的意识，还会产生新的缺失，从而助长恐惧并使之增长即贫穷的心态会引起对缺乏的更多恐惧。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述的是文章主要讲述了作者在面对车流拥堵和车道关闭时，由于深深内心的恐惧导致自己过于谨慎和缺乏享受生活的能力。作者试图避免错过机会，但害怕不够用的恐惧让他放弃了很多事情，如错过变道的机会、过多的保存食物和物品等。作者指出贫穷的思维模式只会增加对缺乏的意识，制造新的缺乏并加剧恐惧。文章最后呼吁我们要享受所拥有的一切，敢于冒险并善用一切为其目的而存在的东西。A选项“Facing the Fear f Nt Enugh(直面“不够”的恐惧)”概括文章主要内容，适合为文章标题。故选A。
C
Fr decades, researchers and medical prfessinals cnsidered sleep lss a by-prduct r symptm f anther, mre “primary” cnditin, such as depressin r anxiety. In ther wrds, first cmes the anxiety, and then sleep lss fllws. Tday we knw that this rder can be reversed. In fact, sleep lss and anxiety, depressin r ther mental health cnditins may feed int ne anther, creating a dwnward spiral (恶性循环) that is exceedingly difficult t break.
In a study where healthy vlunteers were deprived f ne night f sleep, they discvered that the activity f the prefrntal crtex (前额皮质) drpped dramatically,as measured using fMRI. Mrever, the neural activity linking the amygdala (杏仁体) and the prefrntal crtex, bth the regin and the circuit meant t keep ur emtinal reactins under cntrl, became significantly weaker when ne-night sleep is disrupted.
This damage can be s strng that it blurs (使难以区分) the lines arund what peple cnsider emtinal. Fr example, when participants were expsed t neutral and emtinal pictures (images f cmmuters n a train versus phtgraphs f children crying), fMRI revealed that the amygdala respnded differently t these pictures when peple were well rested. But after lsing a night f sleep, a persn's amygdala respnded strngly t bth kinds f images. In ther wrds, the threshld (阈值) fr what the brain cnsiders emtinal became significantly lwer when the amygdala culd nt wrk tgether with the prefrntal crtex. Such damaged emtinal cntrl makes us mre vulnerable t anxiety and pr md, s that even silly lve sngs can trigger sbs. Research als suggested changes in that brain circuit als relate t increases in bld pressure and cardivascular disease.
Stepping back, it becmes clear that mental and emtinal health rely n a delicate balance. We need t be mindful f that even a single sleepless night can therefre d damage. Inevitably, we all miss ut n sleep frm time t time. But ur scieties shuld critically examine structures — such as wrk nrms and schl cultures — that prevent peple frm getting enugh rest.
8. What is a misunderstanding abut sleep lss accrding t Paragraph 1?
A. Anxiety interacts with sleep lss.B. Sleep lss leads t depressin.
C. Anxiety cmes befre sleep lss.D. Sleep lss is hard t deal with.
9. What may happen t a persn whse sleep is disrupted?
A. Suffering lw bld pressure.B. Failing t distinguish emtins.
C. Shwing bad emtinal cntrl.D. Having less emtinal reactins.
10. What des the underlined wrd "Inevitably" mean?
A. Difficult t avid.B. Pssible t frget.
C. Unwilling t accept.D. Unable t reslve.
11. What is the authr's purpse in writing the last paragraph?
A. T make analyses.B. T ffer a slutin.
C. T give a definitin.D. T make cmments.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是睡眠不足和焦虑、抑郁等精神健康问题之间存在相互影响，形成恶性循环。失眠会影响前额皮质和杏仁体的神经活动，导致情绪控制变差，人们更容易受到焦虑和情绪低落的影响。失眠还会降低人们对情绪的辨别能力，使人对刺激更容易作出强烈反应。我们应该意识到即使一晚睡眠不足也会对精神和情绪健康造成损害，社会需要关注工作规范和学校文化等结构，以确保人们获得足够的休息。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fr decades, researchers and medical prfessinals cnsidered sleep lss a by-prduct r symptm f anther, mre “primary” cnditin, such as depressin r anxiety. In ther wrds, first cmes the anxiety, and then sleep lss fllws. Tday we knw that this rder can be reversed. (几十年来，研究人员和医学专业人士认为睡眠不足是另一种更“主要”的疾病(如抑郁或焦虑)的副产品或症状。换句话说，首先是焦虑，然后是睡眠不足。今天，我们知道这个顺序是可以颠倒的。)”可知，以往关于睡眠不足的误解在于是焦虑或者抑郁引起的睡眠，首先是焦虑，然后是睡眠不足。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“ Mrever, the neural activity linking the amygdala(杏仁体)and the prefrntal crtex, bth the regin and the circuit meant t keep ur emtinal reactins under cntrl,became significantly weaker when ne-night sleep is disrupted. (此外，当一夜睡眠被打断时，连接杏仁核和前额皮质的神经活动(这两个区域和回路都是为了控制我们的情绪反应)会明显减弱。)”可知，当人们的睡眠被打扰时，控制我们的情绪反应的前额皮质和杏仁体之间的神经活动明显减弱，因此可知会导致情绪控制不佳。故选C。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“We need t be mindful f that even a single sleepless night can therefre d damage.(我们需要意识到，即使是一个不眠之夜也会造成损害。)”以及划线词后面的内容“we all miss ut n sleep frm time t time. (我们都会时不时地错过睡眠。)”可知，此处强调的是我们必须要意识到不眠之夜会造成损害，但是时不时地错过睡眠是不可避免的。因此推断划线词与A选项“Difficult t avid.(很难避免)”与划线词为同义词。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But ur scieties shuld critically examine structures — such as wrk nrms and schl cultures — that prevent peple frm getting enugh rest.(但是，我们的社会应该批判性地审视那些阻碍人们获得足够休息的体系——比如工作规范和学校文化。)”可知，最后一段提到我们应该批判性地审视阻止人们获得足够休息的体系，因此，作者在这一段的目的是提供一个解决方案，引起人们对改善睡眠不足问题的思考。故选B。
D
Dressed in lng rbes, a crwd f yung peple wanders arund ryal gardens, with their flwing sleeves and heavily embridered (绣花的) skirts gently swaying in the breeze. They are nt actrs n a mvie set, but hanfu enthusiasts at a themed event in Beijing.
Benefiting frm the grwing ppularity f scial media and a craze fr traditinal culture, hanfu, a traditinal style f clthing nce wrn by the Han peple, has enjyed a new life thanks t a new wave f yung Chinese fans.
A 1980s-brn rcket scientist Liu is als a cfunder f a hanfu cmmunity in Beijing called Hua Yan Hui. The cmmunity was funded in 2011 fllwing a hanfu revival(复兴)mvement that emerged frm the desire t express natinal identity and grwing cultural cnfidence. Since then, Liu has been vlunteering t supprt the grup.
At first, peple wh wre hanfu in public were ccasinally greeted with mckery, while mre passersby asked abut their clthing style. “Mre yung peple are taking t wearing adapted hanfu as they believe the best way t preserve traditin is t adapt it t mdern life,” says Liu.
Yang Kunning was brn in the 1990s and wrks in public relatins. She is fnd f sharing her lve fr hanfu nline. She pened an accunt n the vide-sharing platfrm Bilibili and psted vides featuring herself wearing the traditinal attire. Thusands f cmments and likes pur int her channel as viewers find her vides attractive and creative — blending traditinal culture with mdern dance mvements. “Scial media has made hanfu culture ppular in China and abrad,” says Yang. “Traditinal culture has n natinal r ethnic bundaries.”
Cmpanies and factries als smell the massive ptential in hanfu-related industries. Caxian Cunty, Heze City, East China’s Shandng Prvince, is ne f the majr hanfu manufacturing centers, gathering ver 2,000 enterprises and prmting the increase f emplyment. Over 600 clthes-prcessing cmpanies have their wn designs with intellectual prperty rights. In additin t dmestic clients, a number f cmpanies in Caxian reprted arise in freign rders this year.
12. What cntributes t a new life f hanfu?
A. Hanfu-themed events.
B. Yuth’s lve fr traditins,
C. Hanfu-related industries.
D. Revlutin f scial media.
13. Accrding t Liu, hw can peple prtect hanfu traditin?
A. By launching hanfu revival mvements.
B. By making hanfu suitable fr the present day.
C. By cmbining hanfu with dance mvements.
D. By psting vides abut hanfu n scial media.
14. Which can best describe Yang’s attempts t ppularize hanfu?
A. Prductive.B. Academic.C. Cntrversial.D. Cnservative.
15. What benefit may hanfu-related industries bring abut?
A. Imprving traditinal designs.B. Prtecting intellectual prperty rights.
C. Creating mre jb pprtunities.D. Attracting freign investment in China.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉服逐渐受到年轻人的追捧。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Benefiting frm the grwing ppularity f scial media and a craze fr traditinal culture, hanfu, a traditinal style f clthing nce wrn by the Han peple, has enjyed a new life thanks t a new wave f yung Chinese fans.(受益于社交媒体的日益普及和对传统文化的狂热，汉服，一种汉族曾经穿的传统服装，由于新一波的中国年轻粉丝而获得了新的生命。)”可知，汉服的新生得益于社交媒体的日益普及。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段““Mre yung peple are taking t wearing adapted hanfu as they believe the best way t preserve traditin is t adapt it t mdern life,” says Liu.(刘说：“越来越多的年轻人开始穿经过改造的汉服，因为他们认为，保持传统的最好方法就是让汉服适应现代生活。”)”可知，刘认为，人们可以通过改良汉服的设计，让汉服适应现代生活的方式保护汉服。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Yang Kunning was brn in the 1990s and wrks in public relatins. She is fnd f sharing her lve fr hanfu nline. She pened an accunt n the vide-sharing platfrm Bilibili and psted vides featuring herself wearing the traditinal attire. Thusands f cmments and likes pur int her channel as viewers find her vides attractive and creative — blending traditinal culture with mdern dance mvements. “Scial media has made hanfu culture ppular in China and abrad,” says Yang. “Traditinal culture has n natinal r ethnic bundaries.”(杨坤宁，90后，从事公关工作。她喜欢在网上分享她对汉服的热爱。她在视频分享平台哔哩哔哩上开了一个账号，上传了自己穿着传统服装的视频。成千上万的评论和点赞涌入了她的频道，观众们发现她的视频既吸引人又富有创意——将传统文化与现代舞蹈动作融合在一起。杨说：“社交媒体让汉服文化在国内外流行起来。传统文化没有国家和民族的界限。”)”可知，杨推广汉服的尝试是有成效的，因为人们喜欢她的视频。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Cmpanies and factries als smell the massive ptential in hanfu-related industries. Caxian Cunty, Heze City, East China’s Shandng Prvince, is ne f the majr hanfu manufacturing centers, gathering ver 2,000 enterprises and prmting the increase f emplyment.(企业和工厂也嗅到了汉服相关产业的巨大潜力。中国东部山东省菏泽市曹县是主要的汉服制造中心之一，聚集了2000多家企业，促进了就业的增加。)”可知，汉服相关产业给当地带来了更多的就业机会。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Summer is a great time f year.___16___ . Msquits seem t make the mst ut f the seasn by biting us. What can we d t avid getting bitten?
The mst bvius answer is t use msquit repellent (驱虫剂). Prfessr James Lgan frm the Lndn Schl f Hygiene and Trpical Medicine explains that DEET, the chemicalused in many repellents, cnfuses the insects’ sense f smell.___17___. Thugh be careful — as bilgist Rger Eritja pints ut — any bits f skin that aren’t cvered by repellent are still likely t get bitten. ___18___.
Clthing is anther cnsideratin that affects whether msquits chse t attack us. AmyGlver, writing in the Huffingtn Pst, tells us that dark clrs attract msquits. Glver adds that lse clthing is preferable as it is harder fr msquits t bite thrugh.___19___. Light, lse clthing als means peple sweat less. A study shwed that msquits can use the smellf human sweat t find their victims.___20___, which helps avid being bitten. Anther way t stp the smell f yur sweat attracting msquits is t use dedrant (除臭剂) t disguise the smell f yur sweat.
S, as well as using repellents and insecticides, thinking abut ur clthing and reducing ur sweat culd help t reduce the risk f msquit bites.
A. That makes it difficult t recgnize humans
B. Unfrtunately, it’s nt just us humans that enjy it
C. They’re even able t penetrate jeans if they are wrn tightly
D. S changing what we eat culd reduce the risk f msquit bites
E. Yu can use plug-in insecticides t kill r repel msquits in the rm
F. This is why editr Katie Mrtram recmmends taking a shwer befre bed
G. A cmpund fund in dedrants has been shwn t stp msquits landing n the skin
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何避免被蚊虫叮咬。文章提到了使用驱虫剂、穿着宽松衣物以及减少出汗等方法可以减少被蚊虫叮咬的风险。此外，文章还提到了化妆品中的化合物可以阻止蚊虫落在皮肤上。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Summer is a great time f year.(夏季是一年中最好的时光)”以及后文“Msquits seem t make the mst ut f the seasn by biting us. (蚊子似乎充分利用这个季节来叮咬我们)”可知，此处指出不仅人类喜欢夏季，蚊子也喜欢夏季，因为可以充分利用这个季节来叮咬人类。B选项“Unfrtunately, it's nt just us humans that enjy it(不幸的是，不仅仅是我们人类喜欢它)”中的enjy it与后文make the mst ut f the seasn形成呼应，指出不仅仅人类喜欢夏季，蚊子也喜欢夏季。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据前文“The mst bvius answer is t use msquit repellent (驱虫剂). Prfessr James Lgan frm the Lndn Schl f Hygiene and Trpical Medicine explains that DEET, the chemicalused in many repellents, cnfuses the insects' sense f smell.(最明显的答案是使用驱蚊剂。伦敦卫生和热带医学学院的詹姆斯·洛根教授解释说，许多驱蚊剂中使用的化学物质避蚊胺会混淆昆虫的嗅觉)”可知，避免被蚊子咬的首选是使用驱蚊剂，因为其中含有一些化学物质会混淆昆虫的嗅觉，后文应该对此作用的结果进行说明。A选项“That makes it difficult t recgnize humans(这使得识别人类变得困难)”中的that指代前文DEET，指出驱蚊剂中的DEET会让蚊子识别人类边的困难，符合语境。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Thugh be careful —as bilgist Rger Eritja pints ut — any bits f skin that aren't cvered by repellent are still likely t get bitten. (然而，请谨慎——正如生物学家罗杰·埃里查指出的那样——任何没有涂抹驱蚊剂的皮肤部位仍然可能被叮咬)”可知，任何没有涂抹驱蚊剂的皮肤部位仍然可能被叮咬。由此可知，后文应该指出具体的建议。E选项“Yu can use plug-in insecticides t kill r repel msquits in the rm (你可以使用插入式杀虫剂来杀死或驱赶房间里的蚊子)”承接前文，指出如果无法给皮肤涂抹驱虫剂，可以在房间中使用插入式杀虫剂来杀死或驱赶房间里的蚊子。故选E。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Clthing is anther cnsideratin that affects whether msquits chse t attack us. (衣服是影响蚊子是否选择攻击我们另一个因素)”以及“Glver adds that lse clthing is preferable as it is harder fr msquits t bite thrugh.(格洛弗补充说，宽松的衣服更可取，因为蚊子更难咬穿)”可知，此处指出衣服是影响蚊子攻击我们的因素，宽松的衣服更可取。C选项“They’re even able t penetrate jeans if they are wrn tightly(如果牛仔裤穿得紧，它们甚至能穿透牛仔裤)”承接前文，指出衣服是影响蚊子是否选择攻击我们的另一个因素，如果牛仔裤穿的紧，蚊子能够穿透牛仔裤叮咬，与前文形成对比，符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据前文“A study shwed that msquits can use the smellf human sweat t find their victims.(一项研究表明，蚊子可以利用人类汗水的气味来找到它们的受害者)”可知，蚊子可以利用人类的汗水气味去叮咬人们，后文应该给出具体建议避免让蚊子闻出人类的气味。F选项“This is why editr Katie Mrtram recmmends taking a shwer befre bed(这就是为什么编辑Katie Mrtram建议在睡觉前洗个澡)”承接前文，指出睡前洗澡能够有效避免被蚊子叮咬，因为这能够阻止蚊子闻出人类的气味。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ever since I was a child I have struggled with self-dubt. It's a feeling that yu aren't gd enugh, that yu can't ___21___anything. Yet try as I might t___22___these thughts, I culd hardly escape them.
I was a dreamer. I wuld tell anyne my big hpes and dreams, nly t be met with mckery and ___23___. Peple arund me wuld bmbard (抨击) me with phrases like “yu need t be ____24____”, and “yu aren't capable f achieving that”. ___25___, ver time, these phrases ____26____my little sense f self-cnfidence. Whenever I tried t pursue a gal r a dream, I mentally ___27___myself befre I ever even began. ___28___like: “yu aren't meant t be successful” and “why d I even bther” raced t the frefrnt f my mind.
Until ne day, I wke up and fund I was s ___29___f talking dwn t myself. I decided I was ging t ____30____with my self-esteem and I was ging t win this war. I started by fcusing n gaining little victries. I shwed up n time t wrk every day and dubled my ____31____. I began t take pride in my pssessins and in keeping things ____32____. Every day I wuld write dwn a list f psitive qualities I had. I wuld als write dwn everything I had accmplished that day ____33____gals I had set. As time went n, I was getting in increasingly better shape thrugh my ____34____t exercise. I was perfrming better at my jb, and mst imprtantly I felt mre ____35____.
21. A. assumeB. accmplishC. appreciateD. assign
22. A. prveB. believeC. avidD. share
23. A. criticismB. apprvalC. admiratinD. ignrance
24. A. hnestB. psitiveC. creativeD. realistic
25. A. SurprisinglyB. NaturallyC. FrtunatelyD. Typically
26. A. tested utB. built upC. tk backD. wre ut
27. A. punishedB. defeatedC. blamedD. distracted
28. A. ThughtsB. CmplaintsC. QuestinsD. Cmments
29. A. tiredB. afraidC. fndD. prud
30. A. liveB. cmbineC. battleD. check
31. A. utputB. salaryC. tleranceD. wisdm
32. A. usefulB. straightC. simpleD. rderly
33. A. in exchange frB. in cnnectin withC. in accrdance withD. in cntrast t
34. A. bjectinB. accessC. devtinD. expsure
35. A. gratefulB. naturalC. nrmalD. cnfident
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小时候开始一直自我怀疑，不自信，这个问题一直困扰着自己，但最终决定改变自己的态度，通过一系列小的胜利逐渐提升自信，并取得了积极的变化和成就。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一种感觉，你不够好，你不能完成任何事情。A. assume假设；B. accmplish完成；C. appreciate欣赏；D. assign 指派。根据前文“I have struggled with self-dubt.”可知，作者小时候总是自我怀疑，故不能完成任何事情。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我尽力避免这些想法，我还是很难摆脱它们。A. prve证明；B. believe相信；C. avid避免；D. share分享。根据后文“I culd hardly escape them.”可知，尽管作者尝试要尽量避免不去自我怀疑，可是很难摆脱这些想法。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一个梦想家。我会告诉任何人我伟大的希望和梦想，结果只会遇到嘲笑和批评。A. criticism批评；B. apprval赞成；C. admiratin钦佩；D. ignrance 无知。根据后文“Peple arund me wuld bmbard(抨击)me”可知，当作者把自己伟大的梦想与周围的人分享时，周围的人总是会抨击作者即批评和嘲笑作者。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我周围的人会用“你需要现实点”、“你做不到”之类的话抨击我。A. hnest诚实的；B. psitive积极的；C. creative有创造力的；D. realistic实际的，现实的。根据后文“yu aren't capable f achieving that”可知，周围的人抨击作者，让作者实际一些。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自然而然地，随着时间的推移，这些话耗尽了我的一点自信。A. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. Naturally自然地；C. Frtunately幸运地； D. Typically 典型地。根据“ver time”可知，随着时间流逝，周围的人总是抨击作者，自然而然地，作者变得没有自信了。故选B。
26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. tested ut 测试出来；B. built up 建立起；C. tk back 取回； D. wre ut穿破、磨损。根据“these phrases”可知，周围人的抨击磨损了作者的信心。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我试图追求一个目标或梦想时，我甚至在开始之前就在精神上打败了自己。A. punished惩罚；B. defeated打败；C. blamed责怪；D. distracted分心。根据前文“ver time, these phrases ____6____ my little sense f self-cnfidence.”可知，自然而然地，随着时间的推移，这些话耗尽了作者的一点自信，由此当作者试图追求一个目标或梦想时，作者在开始之前就觉得自己被打败了。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你注定不会成功”和“我为什么要这么做”这样的想法在我脑海中闪现。A. Thughts思绪，想法；B. Cmplaints抱怨；C. Questins问题； D. Cmments评论。根据后文““yu aren't meant t be successful” and “why d I even bther””可知，这些消极的想法总是在作者的脑海里浮现。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到有一天，我醒来发现我已经厌倦了贬低自己。A. tired疲倦的；B. afraid害怕的；C. fnd喜欢的；D. prud自豪的。根据“I decided I was ging t ___10___ with my self-esteem and I was ging t win this war.”可知，作者厌倦了对自己的一味贬损，决定要和自己的自尊战斗，并要赢得这场战争。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定要和我的自尊战斗，我要赢得这场战争。A. live居住；B. cmbine结合；C. battle战斗；D. check检查。根据下文“I was ging t win this war. ”可知，作者决定要和自己的自尊战斗。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天准时上班，产量翻了一番。A. utput输出，产量；B. salary工资；C. tlerance宽容；D. wisdm智慧。根据“I shwed up n time t wrk every day”可知，作者决定重新改变自己，每天准时上班，故产量翻了一番。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查词义辨析。句意：我开始为自己的财产和井井有条而感到自豪。A. useful有用的；B. straight直的；C. simple简单的；D. rderly井然有序的。根据“take pride in”可知，作者为自己能够将自己的事物保持的井井有条，而感到骄傲。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查词义辨析。句意：我还会按照我设定的目标，把我当天所取得的一切都写下来。A. in exchange fr作为交换；B. in cnnectin with与……有关系；C. in accrdance with根据……一致； D. in cntrast t与……相反。根据前文“write dwn everything I had accmplished that day ”以及后文的“gals I had set”可知，作者会根据自己设定的目标，把自己当天完成的一切都写下来，即与目标保持一致，把当天完成的工作写下来。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，通过我对运动的投入我的体形越来越好。A. bjectin反对；B. access访问；C. devtin奉献；D. expsure接触。根据“getting in increasingly better shape”可知，作者对运动的投入，让作者的体形越来越好。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的工作表现更好了，最重要的是我感到更自信了。A. grateful感激的；B. natural自然的；C. nrmal正常的；D. cnfident自信的。根据前文“Ever since I was a child I have struggled with self-dubt.”以及“ver time, these phrases ____6____ my little sense f self-cnfidence.”可知，作者小的时候总是自我怀疑，同时周围的人总是抨击作者，于是作者慢慢的失去信心，但是通过作者自己决心的改变，故此处呼应前文说明作者找寻到了自己的自信，变得自信的。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When yu were at schl, were yu ever tld t stp daydreaming and cncentrate? It was easy fr yur mind t wander if yu had better things___36___ (think) abut. Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding ___37___ t d it and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.
Scientists have lked at what makes us prcrastinate and fund many ways t help us stay in the zne. One f the mst bvius things is remving nise. Research by Science Fcus magazine fund silence is best fr ___38___(cncentrate), r a gentle backgrund hum(哼唱)and cffee shp nise is ideal! It als fund turning ff ntificatins(通知)n yur phne, r switching it ff altgether,___39___(remve)a majr distractin. In this way, we can fcus n___40___task at hand.
Anther pssible cure ___41___a shrt attentin span is brain training. An article says that “Making a task mre visually up mre prcessing pwer and leaves the brain nthing left t prcess distractins.” S, keeping yur mind busy might be the answer.
There are mre ___42___(practice)tips fr keeping yur mind fcused. These include___43___ (make)a list r timetable f the tasks yu have t d, aviding a wrkspace where yu ___44___ (attract) t d ther things, r chewing sme gum! It’s pssible what happens in yur muth ccupies parts f the brain____45____might therwise get distracted.
【答案】36. t think
37. hw 38. cncentratin
39. remves
40. the 41. fr
42. practical
43. making 44. are attracted
45. that##which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些能够帮助我们保持注意力集中的方式。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你有更重要的事情要想，你很容易走神。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“better things”是think的逻辑宾语，用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。故填t think。
【37题详解】
考查特殊疑问词。句意：在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一个挑战，但了解如何做到这一点，知道什么会分散你的注意力，会有所帮助。根据句意可知，空处为“疑问词+t d”担当本句的宾语。根据句意可知，空处指的是“如何”做到这一点，用hw。故填hw。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：《科学聚焦》杂志的研究发现，安静最有利于集中注意力，或者柔和的背景嗡嗡声和咖啡馆的噪音是最理想的！分析句子成分可知，空处为名词担当介词的宾语。故填cncentratin。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该研究还发现，关闭手机上的通知，或者完全关闭它，可以消除主要的干扰。这里为从句谓语动词，从句为研究发现的结果，是客观事实，因此时态为一般现在时；主语由r连接，谓语动词遵循就近原则。所以谓语动词和“switching it ff altgether”保持一致，为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填remves。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这样，我们就可以专注于手头的任务。根据名词“task”后的“at hand”可知，名词是特指的，用定冠词the。故填the。
【41题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：另一种治疗注意力持续时间短的方法是大脑训练。固定搭配：a cure fr，意为“……的治疗方法”，符合句意。故填fr。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这里有更多实用的方法让你保持注意力集中。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“tips”，practical“实用的”符合题意。故填practical。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些方法包括列出你必须完成的任务的清单或时间表，避免在一个你会被吸引去做其他事情的工作空间，或者嚼口香糖！非谓语动词担当动词“include”的宾语，用动名词形式。故填making。
【44题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：这些方法包括列出你必须完成的任务的清单或时间表，避免在一个你会被吸引去做其他事情的工作空间，或者嚼口香糖！这里为从句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为yu，和动词“attract”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are attracted。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有可能你嘴里发生的事情占据了大脑的一部分，否则这些部分可能会被分散注意力。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“parts f the brain”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，你将作为学生代表给全体高一新生致欢迎辞，内容包括：
1.学习上的建议；
2.生活上的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Freshmen,
I’m Li Hua frm Class 1, Grade 3.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I sincerely hpe yu will have three wnderful years in ur schl!
【答案】Dear Freshmen,
I’m Li Hua frm Class 1, Grade 3. It’s my great pleasure t welcme yu t ur schl! As a student representative, I’d like t ffer yu sme suggestins fr bth study and daily life. Firstly, regarding study, ur schl has a rigrus curriculum, s it’s essential t grasp every pprtunity t learn. Seek help frm teachers and peers whenever necessary. Additinally, remember t balance yur study and entertainment t avid excessive stress.
In terms f daily life, ur schl cmmunity is diverse and full f pprtunities. Jin clubs r rganizatins t discver yur passins and make friends. Healthy living habits are vital, s get enugh sleep and exercise.
I sincerely hpe yu will have three wnderful years in ur schl!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的欢迎辞。要求考生作为学生代表给全体高一新生致欢迎辞，给高一新生提供一些学习和生活上的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：firstly→ first f all/initially
关于：regarding → cncerning/in regard t
此外：additinally→ what’s mre/besides
机会：pprtunity → chance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As a student representative, I’d like t ffer yu sme suggestins fr bth study and daily life.
拓展句：As a student representative, I’d like t ffer yu sme suggestins that can help yu fr bth study and daily life.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s my great pleasure t welcme yu t ur schl!（运用了it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式结构）
【高分句型2】Seek help frm teachers and peers whenever necessary.（运用了祈使句和状语从句的省略）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lking fr Snw in Summer
“Brke’s life is cming t an end,” the vet tld Andy. “Maybe she can nly live fr tw weeks.” Hearing this, Andy was very sad. He tk Brke, the ld dg with black fur, hme and hped t make her happy as much as he culd.
Hwever, her health was weakened at an alarming rate. After tw days, she had n energy t d anything. Realizing that Brke was dying, Andy began t think abut what she liked mst in her life.
It was snw. Lying n the snw in winter was Brke’s favrite thing t d.
But it was ht summer nw, and even in winter, it did nt snw ften in Andy’s city. Hw culd he get Brke sme snw in August? Nne f his family members, neighbrs r his friends culd figure ut a slutin. Therefre, Andy turned t the Internet fr help. He made a pst n a lcal frum:
“Our 11-year-ld Brke, a Berner (伯纳犬), has nly a cuple f days left. She lves snw, but it is nt ging t make it t winter. Des anyne knw f any rinks (溜冰场) r any place with snw where she can g and lie n the snw ne last time?”
Several minutes later, Andy gt the first reply. “Reach ut t the staff at Win Sprts Centre. Maybe they can pile sme snw fr yu.” Then secnds later, anther persn suggested, “Call sme f the rinks. As far as I knw, they smetimes dump (丢弃) the shaved ice utside after they finish the ice surface. Any cmmunity rink shuld be able t help.” One wman shared her stry t Andy and said that as a frmer Berner parent, her heart went ut t Andy.
Dzens f peple expressed their sympathy t Andy under his pst. Andy felt very grateful fr the replies and suggestins he received. It did nt take lng fr his pst t spread all ver the rinks and sprts centers in his city, and it was seen by the staff at Pwer Sprt.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On the same day, a staff member cntacted Andy.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A few hurs later, Brke died.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】On the same day, a staff member cntacted Andy. The persn n the ther end f the phne sympathized with Andy’s situatin and prmised t d whatever they culd t fulfill Brke’s last wish. The next mrning, the staff member frm Pwer Sprt arrived at Andy’s huse with a truck filled with shaved ice. They had managed t gather enugh ice frm the rinks in the city t create a small snw pile in Andy’s backyard. Andy was amazed by the effrt put in by the staff and their dedicatin t making .And then Andy gently carried Brke utside and placed her n the snw pile.
A few hurs later, Brke died. Andy was devastated, but he als felt a sense f peace knwing that Brke was n lnger suffering. He buried her in their backyard, a place where she had spent s many jyful mments. Andy will always cherish the memry f Brke and the lve they shared. And whenever Andy lks at the snw-cvered landscape in winter, he will remember the happiness he and ther kind peple were able t give Brke in her final days.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，这篇文章讲述了安迪的狗布鲁克生命即将结束，他希望能让她在最后几天里开心。布鲁克最喜欢的事情是在雪地里躺着，但现在是炎热的夏天。安迪在网上求助，得到了许多人的帮助和建议。最后，Pwer Sprt的员工为安迪提供了足够的削冰，安迪把布鲁克放在了家里的一个小雪堆上。几个小时后，布鲁克在雪地上去世。安迪永远珍惜他和布鲁克共度的时光。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“同一天，一位工作人员联系了安迪。”可知，第一段可描写工作人员帮助安迪的具体过程，以及安迪的表达感激之情。
②由第二段首句内容“几个小时后，布鲁克去世了。”可知，第二段可描写作者在布鲁克死后的情绪以及永远珍惜他和布鲁克所度过的美好时光。
2.续写线索：工作人员帮忙——运送冰雪——表达感激——实现布鲁克的愿望——布鲁克死了——作者伤心和珍惜共同时光——最终感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①实现愿望：fulfill wish/satisfy ne’s desires
②到达：arrive at/get t
③珍惜回忆：cherish/treasure memry
情绪类
①惊讶的：be amazed/be astnished
②极其悲痛：devastated/extremely sad
【点睛】[高分句型1] The persn n the ther end f the phne sympathized with Andy’s situatin and prmised t d whatever they culd t fulfill Brke’s last wish.(运用whatever引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] He buried her in their backyard, a place where she had spent s many jyful mments.(运用where引导限制性定语从句)