2022-2023学年黑龙江省哈尔滨市松雷中学校高三上学期12月期中考试英语试题含答案

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A
Tp-Rated Turist Attractins in New Zealand
Nature has shaped New Zealand with the beauty f a mvie set. Few destinatins(目的地)bast s many natural wnders packed int such a small area. Here are the best attractins travelers can explre.
Kaikura, Suth Island
Birders, wildlife and seafd lvers will lve the charming casted village f Kaikura. Between the Seaward Kaikura Range and the Pacific Ocean, Kaikura ffers excellent castal hikes and ppular whale watching turs. In additin t whales, passengers may spt fur seals, dlphins and a wide variety f birds.
Queenstwn, Suth Island
Queenstwn is New Zealand’s adventure capital. Bungee jumping, jet bating, rck climbing, muntain biking and dwnhill skiing are just sme f the thrilling things t d here. In additin t the adventure sprts? Queenstwn ffers all the cmfrts, with first-class htels, spas, restaurants, galleries and shps.
Bay f Islands, Nrth Island
A three-hur drive nrth f Auckland, the beautiful Bay f Islands is ne f the mst ppular vacatin destinatins in the cuntry. There are mre than 144 islands n the bay, making it a perfect place fr sailing. Penguins, dlphins, and whales live in these waters, and the area is a ppular sprt-fishing spt. The twns in the area such as Russell, Opua and Paihia are great bases fr explring this scenic bay.
Rtrua, Nrth Island
This is a land where the Earth speaks. Biling mud pls, vlcanic craters and steaming ht springs shw the frces f New Zealand’s dramatic landscapes. Visitrs can take a walking tur f these gethermal(地热的)wnders and bathe in the springs while visiting the interesting attractins t learn abut the area’s rich Mari histry and culture.
1. Where can visitrs experience Extreme sprts?
A. In Kaikura.B. In Queenstwn.
C. At Bay f Islands.D. In Rtrua.
2. What d we knw abut Bay f Islands?
A. It is suitable fr fishing.
B. There are few islands there.
C. There are many military bases there.
D. It belngs t Suth Island f New Zealand.
3. What is special abut Rtrua?
A. It ffers castal hike turs.
B. It ffers ppular whale watching turs.
C. It is the best knwn fr varieties f wildlife.
D. It is a gd place t have a ht spring bath.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了新西兰的四个热门景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Queenstwn，Suth Island介绍中的第二句“Bungee jumping, jet bating, rck climbing, muntain biking and dwnhill skiing are just sme f the thrilling things t d here.（蹦极、快艇、攀岩、山地自行车和滑降滑雪都是在这里可以做的一些令人兴奋的事情 ）”可知，游客可以在此处体验一些极限运动，比如蹦极、喷射船、攀岩、山地骑车和高山滑雪。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Bay f Islands，Nrth Island介绍中的第三句“ regin is a ppular sprt-fishing spt.(这个地区是钓鱼运动的好去处)”可知，此处适合钓鱼。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rtrua，Nrth Island介绍中的句子“Biling mud pls, vlcanic craters and steaming ht springs shw the frces f New Zealand’s dramatic landscapes. Visitrs can take a walking tur f these gethermal(地热的)wnders and bathe in the springs while visiting the interesting attractins t learn abut the area’s rich Mari histry and culture.（沸腾的泥浆池、火山口和热气腾腾的温泉揭示了新西兰引人注目的景观的力量。 游客可以徒步游览这些地热奇观，在温泉中沐浴，同时参观有趣的景点，了解该地区丰富的毛利人历史和文化）”可知，其独特之处在于游客可以在此处体验温泉沐浴。故选D项。
B
Jim Thrpe is ne f the greatest athletes f all time. He had amazing athletic abilities and was well-knwn during his lifetime, yet that did nt make Thrpe a stranger t adversity.
Thrpe was an American Indian frm Oklahma wh develped his extrardinary athletic skills in his yuth thrugh hard labr. It was als in his yuth that he learned t endure hardship brught upn by racial prejudice. Many wuld say his childhd was nt easy. He grew up pr and at age 9 his twin brther passed away and a few years later he lst bth f his parents.
But that did nt stp him frm ding what he lved and pursuing his dreams. Nthing seemed t stp him, nt even stlen shes. Just hurs befre Thrpe was ging t cmpete in the 1912 Olympics, smebdy stle his shes. Thrpe imprvised (临时拼凑) by getting shes ut f the garbage. The shes were tw different sizes. He wre an extra pair f scks n ne ft t even them ut.
He still went n t win tw gld medals—winning each event he cmpeted in except fr ne, the javelin (标枪). The javelin was the nly event he didn’t win, prbably because he had never cmpeted in that event befre. It is interesting t nte that Thrpe had tried t thrw the javelin nce befre in the Olympic trials. At the time, he didn’t knw that he culd thrw it with a running start. He threw it standing still and was placed secnd.
At the Olympics，he als tk part in the decathln (十项全能运动). He finished first in tw events, third in fur events, and furth in tw mre. Thrpe ended up finishing third in the wrld. He was undubtedly a dminating frce that culdn’t be stpped and just kept n ging.
I think Paul Dughi said it best, “It’s hard t imagine nw that pr athletes get paid millins f dllars just t wear a particular brand f shes. Fr Jim Thrpe, it didn’t matter what kind he wre.”
4. What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. The adversity Thrpe met with led t his success.
B. Thrpe’s success was n guarantee f a better life.
C. Thrpe’s career brught him bth gains and lsses.
D. Thrpe suffered many hardships despite his success.
5. Why did Thrpe wear mre scks n ne ft?
A. T prevent the ft frm injury.B. T make the she fit the ft.
C. T stp the she frm being stlen.D. T shw his prblem-slving skills.
6. What mst likely led t Thrpe’s failure t win the javelin?
A. Lss f his wn sprts shes.B. A casual attitude twards the event.
C. Lack f experience in the event.D. A shrtage f talent fr the event.
7. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Jim Thrpe?
A. Lyal and enthusiastic.B. Genuine and creative.
C. Tugh and strng-minded.D. Selfless and gd-tempered.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动员Jim Thrpe的个人经历以及成就。
【4题详解】
句意猜测题。根据划线词上文“Jim Thrpe is ne f the greatest athletes f all time. He had amazing athletic abilities and was well-knwn during his lifetime, yet”第二段“Thrpe was an American Indian frm Oklahma wh develped his extrardinary athletic skills in his yuth thrugh hard labr. It was als in his yuth that he learned t endure hardship brught upn by racial prejudice. Many wuld say his childhd was nt easy. He grew up pr and at age 9 his twin brther passed away and a few years later he lst bth f his parents.(索普是来自俄克拉荷马州的美国印第安人，他在年轻时通过艰苦的劳动培养了非凡的运动技能。也是在他年轻的时候，他学会了忍受种族偏见带来的苦难。很多人会说他的童年并不容易。他在贫困中长大，9岁时他的双胞胎兄弟去世了，几年后他失去了双亲)”可知，第一段提到吉姆·索普是有史以来最伟大的运动员之一。他有惊人的运动能力，一生都很出名，but表示转折，结合第二段叙述了索普所经历的苦难，说明尽管他取得了成功，但是也遭受了许多苦难。故划线句意思是“索普尽管取得了成功，但却遭受了许多苦难”。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Thrpe imprvised (临时拼凑) by getting shes ut f the garbage. The shes were tw different sizes. He wre an extra pair f scks n ne ft t even them ut.(索普临时从垃圾堆里找鞋子。这双鞋有两种不同的尺码。他在一只脚上多穿了一双袜子，以使脚均衡)”可知，索普一只脚上穿的袜子更多是为了使鞋合脚。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The javelin was the nly event he didn’t win, prbably because he had never cmpeted in that event befre.(标枪是他唯一没有获胜的项目，可能是因为他以前从未参加过这个项目的比赛)”可知，缺乏经验最有可能导致索普未能赢得标枪比赛。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But that did nt stp him frm ding what he lved and pursuing his dreams. Nthing seemed t stp him, nt even stlen shes.(但这并没有阻止他做自己喜欢的事情，追求自己的梦想。似乎没有什么能阻止他，即使是鞋子被偷)”以及倒数第二段“He was undubtedly a dminating frce that culdn’t be stpped and just kept n ging.(毫无疑问，他是一股不可阻挡的统治力量，他一直在前进)”可推知，吉姆·索普坚韧且意志坚强。故选C。
C
Minutes can make a difference when a life is n the line. The American Red Crss has begun ffering free training and certificatin (合格证书) s high schl students can act fast in medical emergencies.
Traumatic injuries (创伤性损伤) are the leading cause f death in Americans yunger than 45. “What we are trying t d is take lessns that we learned frm the battlefield — peple with life-threatening injuries might have a much better chance f surviving if they can have immediate treatment,” said Craig Glsby, a prfessr f Military Emergency Medicine at the Unifrmed Services University. “If peple can stp bleeding, particularly bleeding frm arms and legs, we have a lt better chance f saving the lives f thse peple nce they reach the hspital,” he said.
First Aid fr Severe Trauma (FAST) training is available t teach high schl students hw t talk t each ther effectively during an emergency, hw t make sure that the scene is safe s additinal peple dn’t get hurt and hw t stp bleeding with a turniquet (止血带) r direct pressure. “Just sme f thse really basic things that can be lifesaving befre an ambulance arrives,” Glsby said.
“My team has dne a series f research studies ver the past several years lking at the public’s ability t apply turniquets r apply direct pressure. We’ve fund that even very brief educatin, like 15 minutes f educatin, can have a great effect n hw peple will react,” Glsby added. “They start ut at a lwer level f likelihd f respnse, get the training, and then all f a sudden, they’re mre likely t respnd.”
Glsby nted that in many emergencies, average peple n the street jumped in t help peple wh were injured. “Giving the public these tls and the curage t say ‘I can d this.’ is really imprtant. The FAST prgram des that. And s we’re excited t be able t empwer this next generatin f Americans t take thse steps,” he said.
8. What did Craig Glsby learn frm the battlefield?
A. The difficulty f surviving.B. The types f traumatic injuries.
C. The imprtance f immediate treatment.D. The lifesaving measures taken by medical staff.
9. Which f the fllwing is included in the FAST training?
A. Hw t mve the injured t a safe place.B. Hw t help the injured deal with pressure.
C. Hw t cmmunicate effectively in emergencies.D. Hw t make turniquets using materials n hand.
10. What can we infer frm paragraph 4?
A. Mst peple have little first aid experience.
B. Educated peple are mre likely t ffer help.
C. Mst peple find it difficult t apply direct pressure.
D. Peple tend t help thers willingly after the training.
11. What was Craig Glsby’s attitude tward the FAST prgram?
A. Dubtful.B. Psitive.C. Wrried.D. Critical.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。当一条生命危在旦夕时，几分钟就能改变一切。美国红十字会已经开始提供免费的培训和认证，这样高中生就可以在医疗紧急情况下迅速采取行动。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Traumatic injuries (创伤性损伤) are the leading cause f death in Americans yunger than 45. “What we are trying t d is take lessns that we learned frm the battlefield — peple with life-threatening injuries might have a much better chance f surviving if they can have immediate treatment,” said Craig Glsby, a prfessr f Military Emergency Medicine at the Unifrmed Services University. “If peple can stp bleeding, particularly bleeding frm arms and legs, we have a lt better chance f saving the lives f thse peple nce they reach the hspital,” he said.”（创伤是45岁以下美国人死亡的主要原因。“我们正在努力做的是吸取我们从战场上学到的经验教训——如果他们能立即得到治疗，那些有生命危险的人可能会有更好的生存机会，”美国统一军种大学军事急救医学教授克雷格·古尔斯比说。）克雷格·古斯比从战场上学到了立即治疗的重要性。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“First Aid fr Severe Trauma (FAST) training is available t teach high schl students hw t talk t each ther effectively during an emergency, hw t make sure that the scene is safe s additinal peple dn’t get hurt and hw t stp bleeding with a turniquet (止血带) r direct pressure. ”（严重创伤急救(FAST)培训可以教高中生如何在紧急情况下有效地相互交谈，如何确保现场是安全的，以免有更多的人受伤，以及如何用止血带或直接压止血。）可知，如何在紧急情况下有效沟通。被包括在FAST培训中。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“‘They start ut at a lwer level f likelihd f respnse, get the training, and then all f a sudden, they’re mre likely t respnd.’”（“他们一开始反应的可能性较低，经过训练后，突然之间，他们反应的可能性更大了。”）可知，经过培训后，人们往往愿意帮助别人。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Giving the public these tls and the curage t say ‘I can d this.’ is really imprtant. The FAST prgram des that. And s we’re excited t be able t empwer this next generatin f Americans t take thse steps,’ he said.”（“给公众这些工具和勇气说，‘我能做到。’真的很重要。FAST程序做到了这一点。因此，我们很高兴能够帮助下一代美国人采取这些步骤。”）Craig Glsby对FAST项目的态度是积极的。故选B。
D
Newly published research shws that frgs are laying their eggs in the rain-filled ftprints f Asian elephants, which then prvide a safe hme fr grwing tadples. The ftprints eventually fade away, but they last fr a year r mre n the frest flr and can serve as imprtant habitats during dry seasns and even as “stepping stnes” between frg ppulatins, N adult frgs were bserved taking advantage f these ft-shaped puddles,althugh these eggs bviusly came frm smewhere.
This represents an imprtant step in understanding the rle f Asian elephants as“ecsystem engineers.”African elephants have lng been recgnized fr the way they affect the natural systems arund them—a similar study published in 2016 fund tadples and dzens f insect species living in elephant ftprints in Uganda—but Asian elephants have nt benefited frm the same level f scientific study.
“There is surprisingly little knwn abut Asian elephants as ecsystem engineers, at least in cmparisn t African elephants,” says lead researcher Steven Platt, a wildlife expert.“That said, I think ur study and several thers indicate that Asian elephants play an imprtant rle as ecsystem engineers. Nt nly d elephants expand vegetatin—kncking dwn trees, remving bambs, spreading seeds,etc.—but they als affect the ecsystem in ways that might nt be readily bvius, such as creating temprary pnds and waste piles used as fd and cver.”
Platt says this shws the vast interplay between species and explains why it’s imprtant t prtect entire ecsystems and their full range f bidiversity. Meanwhile, the study further shws the need t prtect elephants and the species that live arund them, much like the previus study in Uganda. Mre imprtantly,Platt says the study in Myanmar als stresses the need t lk fr similar relatinships in ther natins where endangered Asian elephants still wander. N ne knws exactly hw many Asian elephants remain in the wrld, but all indicatins suggest their ppulatins cntinue t shrink thrughut their range. That decline, bviusly, is caused bya creature with a much bigger ftprint; humans.
12. What can we learn abut Asian elephants’ ft prints?
A. They serve as habitats fr tadples.
B. They prvide habitats fr adult frgs.
C. They are used t stre bird eggs.
D. They becme puddles and destry the land.
13. What’s the significance f the research?
A. It challenges the 2016 study dne in Uganda.
B. It recgnizes African elephants’ rle in nature.
C. It indicates the imprtance f Asian elephants.
D. It starts the scientific study n Asian elephants.
14. What des Platt say abut the research?
A. It shws the need t study elephants’ living patterns.
B. It ffers suggestins fr prtecting elephants frm extinctin.
C. It prves the need t calculate elephant numbers in the wrld.
D. It stresses the imprtance f treating the ecsystem as a whle.
15. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Frgs Make Friends with Elephants
B. Frgs are Fnd f Elephants’ Feet
C. Humans’ Ftprints Matter a Lt
D. Ecsystem Engineers are Influenced by Challenges
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。亚洲象在生态系统中扮演了重要的角色，它们与其他物种紧密相连，相互影响共生。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的第一句“Newly published research shws that frgs are laying their eggs in the rain-filled ftprints f Asian elephants, which then prvide a safe hme fr grwing tadples.(最新发表的研究表明，青蛙在亚洲象布满雨水的脚印中产卵，这为蝌蚪的生长提供了一个安全的家。)”可知，亚洲象的脚印给蝌蚪提供了栖息地，故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的第一句“This represents an imprtant step in understanding the rle f Asian elephants as ‘ecsystem engineers.’(这是了解亚洲象作为“生态系统工程师”角色的重要一步。)”以及第三段专家Steven Platt所说的“That said, I think ur study and several thers indicate that Asian elephants play an imprtant rle as ecsystem engineers.(也就是说，我认为我们的研究和其他几项研究表明，亚洲象作为生态系统工程师发挥着重要作用。)”可知，研究的重要意义在于表明了亚洲象的重要性。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段专家Steven Platt所说的“That said，I think ur study and several thers indicate that Asian elephants play an imprtant rle as ecsystem engineers.(也就是说，我认为我们的研究和其他几项研究表明，亚洲象作为生态系统工程师发挥着重要作用。)”和第四段第一句“Platt says this shws the vast interplay between species and explains why it’s imprtant t prtect entire ecsystems and their full range f bidiversity.(普拉特说，这显示了物种之间巨大的相互作用，并解释了为什么保护整个生态系统及其全方位的生物多样性很重要。)”可知，这项研究强调了将生态系统作为一个整体来对待的重要性。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据本文第一段第一句话和第二句话的研究新发现即青蛙在亚洲象布满雨水的脚印中产卵，亚洲象为蝌蚪的生长提供了一个安全的家，由此阐述本文关键内容亚洲象对于生态系统的重要意义。B选项“Frgs are Fnd f Elephants’ Feet(青蛙喜欢大象的脚)”新颖独特，吸引读者注意力。故选B。
E
七选五
A recent Gallup study fund that a majrity f wrking peple said they were mre angry, stressed and wrried in 2018. The fact is that we dn’t relax enugh and enjy ur leisure time enugh.
S what’s the fix? Maybe it’s making the best use f the ptential leisure time we d have, particularly ur weekends. It feels like a lt f us just use Saturday and Sunday t make up fr wrk and sleep. ____16____. Belw are sme relaxatin tips and a few hints n hw t have a gd weekend.
Take sme time away frm yur phne!
It is called “screen/life balance.” _____17_____. Maybe checking yur phne fr texts r emails nly nce an hur, instead f all the time. If yu want t be really bld, try leaving yur phne at hme during certain weekend activities.
Stay in the mment!
Find ways t make yur mind fcus n where yu are in the mment, what yu’re ding right then and there, and what it all feels like. “Five senses meditatin” is a great way t achieve the stage f fcus. T d this, get still and fcus n what yu’re sensing. Ntice five things yu can see. Then fur that yu can feel. Three that yu can hear. Tw yu can taste. One yu can smell. _____18_____. And smetimes yu dn’t have t fllw that playbk exactly, just d whatever yu want t d with the five senses.
____19____.
A lt f us fall int the trap f saving weekend wrk we have t cmplete fr Sunday evening, which means Sunday can be pretty stressful and feel like Mnday. T avid thse “Sunday scaries,” maybe get thse few hurs f wrk dne at sme ther pint during the weekend, s that the last thing yu d during yur weekend can be smething actually fun.
Fcus n making new memries, rather than just repeating the wrkweek.
T make the mst f quality time with friends and lved nes, make it a pint t talk abut wrk as little as pssible. We shuld redefine ur hanguts: make new memries and learn new things abut the peple yu care abut._____20_____. Maybe ask yur friends t tell yu a memry f their first date r the stry f their favrite sng. ANYTHING but wrk.
A. Ask questins that g beynd “hw was yur week?”.
B. Beat the “Sunday scaries” by planning smething fun, fr the end f yur weekend!
C. Being lst in phnes will cause neck pain and prevent peple frm getting ut fr fun.
D. Thinking abut thse senses and what yu’re experiencing can help yu keep fcused.
E. One recent study fund that just ver a quarter f wrking peple plan t use all their vacatin days. The rest f us — mst f us — never d.
F. Hwever, there are ways t maximize the weekend time t head back t wrk n Mnday feeling mre energized and happier.
G. Setting up sme rules fr phne use ver the weekend can be helpful.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些可以使周末时间最大化的方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“S what’s the fix? Maybe it’s making the best use f the ptential leisure time we d have, particularly ur weekends. It feels like a lt f us just use Saturday and Sunday t make up fr wrk and sleep.(那么解决办法是什么呢？也许是充分利用我们潜在的闲暇时间，尤其是周末。感觉我们很多人只是利用周六和周日来弥补工作和睡眠)”以及后文“Belw are sme relaxatin tips and a few hints n hw t have a gd weekend.( 下面是一些放松的建议，以及如何过一个愉快的周末的一些提示)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出让周末时间最大化的方法，启示下文。故F选项“然而，有一些方法可以使周末时间最大化，周一回去工作时感觉更有活力、更快乐”符合语境，故选F。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Maybe checking yur phne fr texts r emails nly nce an hur, instead f all the time. If yu want t be really bld, try leaving yur phne at hme during certain weekend activities.(也许一小时只查看一次手机短信或邮件，而不是一直查看。如果你想要更大胆一些，可以尝试在周末的某些活动中把手机留在家里)”可知，本条建议与手机的使用有关，故G选项“制定一些周末使用手机的规则会很有帮助”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Find ways t make yur mind fcus n where yu are in the mment, what yu’re ding right then and there, and what it all feels like. “Five senses meditatin” is a great way t achieve the stage f fcus. T d this, get still and fcus n what yu’re sensing. Ntice five things yu can see. Then fur that yu can feel. Three that yu can hear. Tw yu can taste. One yu can smell.(想办法让你的注意力集中在你此刻所处的位置，你此时此地正在做什么，以及一切的感觉。“五感冥想”是达到专注阶段的好方法。要做到这一点，保持静止，专注于你所感知的。注意你能看到的五件事。然后是四个你能感觉到的。三个你能听到的。两个你可以尝一尝。一个你可以闻到的)”以及后文“And smetimes yu dn’t have t fllw that playbk exactly, just d whatever yu want t d with the five senses.(有时候你不需要完全按照剧本去做，你可以用五种感官做任何你想做的事)”可知，上文提到了“五感冥想”法，故本句承接上文说明其作用：帮助你集中注意力。故D选项“思考这些感觉和你正在经历的事情可以帮助你集中注意力”符合语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“A lt f us fall int the trap f saving weekend wrk we have t cmplete fr Sunday evening, which means Sunday can be pretty stressful and feel like Mnday. T avid thse “Sunday scaries,” maybe get thse few hurs f wrk dne at sme ther pint during the weekend, s that the last thing yu d during yur weekend can be smething actually fun.(我们很多人都喜欢把周末要完成的工作留到周日晚上，这意味着周日会很有压力，感觉就像周一一样。为了避免那些“周日恐惧症”，也许可以在周末的其他时间完成这几个小时的工作，这样你在周末做的最后一件事就可以真正有趣起来)”可知，本段主要是关于如何克服“周日恐惧”的方法，故B选项“在周末计划一些有趣的事情来战胜‘周日恐惧’！”符合语境，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“T make the mst f quality time with friends and lved nes, make it a pint t talk abut wrk as little as pssible. We shuld redefine ur hanguts: make new memries and learn new things abut the peple yu care abut.(为了充分利用与朋友和爱人在一起的宝贵时间，尽量少谈论工作。我们应该重新定义我们常去的地方：创造新的记忆，了解你在乎的人的新情况)”以及后文“Maybe ask yur friends t tell yu a memry f their first date r the stry f their favrite sng. ANYTHING but wrk.(也许让你的朋友告诉你他们第一次约会的记忆，或者他们最喜欢的歌曲的故事。除了工作)”可知，本句是在说明不建议询问新情况的问题，故A选项“除了问‘你这周过得怎么样？’”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分：英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Jurneys arund the wrld are cstly, have yu ever traveled while staying in ther peple’s hmes fr free? It might sund t gd t be ____21____. But a retired cuple frm Nrflk, England have ____22____ t d just that.
Jnathan and Julie Ashwrth sld their huse in 2017 and then traveled arund the wrld while lking after ther peple’s huses and pets in exchange fr free____23____.
The Ashwrths bked their first huse-sitting in early 2018 when lking fr ways they culd____24____ mre while n a budget, and said they’d never____25____ ever since. While they were____26____ dubtful abut the idea, they tried signing up fr TrustedHusesitters, where wners and husesitters leave____27____ fr each ther. As they were new t the____28____, the cuple chse t huse- sit lcally t build up their prfiles, and ften visited wners befre____29____ their stay. Once they’d clcked up a significant amunt f_____30_____ reviews, they began t make an_____31_____ fr huse- sitting slightly further afield.
While huse- sitting might sund like a piece f cake, it’s_____32_____ as simple as just walking the wner’s dg every day. In rder t_____33_____ they were prepared fr each huse- sitting, the pair generally arrived a few hurs befre the wners_____34_____, s that they culd meet and discuss any cncerns.
Due t COVID-19, the cuple were_____35_____ t return t the UK. They are staying in a caravan (拖车) until they are able t begin huse-sitting again.
21. A. fundamentalB. trueC. abnrmalD. cnvenient
22. A. managedB. tackledC. prmisedD. highlighted
23. A. transprtatinB. accmmdatinC. welfareD. substance
24 A. earnB. engageC. travelD. arise
25. A. lked upB. lked utC. lked backD. lked away
26. A. ultimatelyB. cnventinallyC. initiallyD. apparently
27. A. symblsB. suvenirsC. cntrastsD. reviews
28. A. practiceB. recgnitinC. definitinD. cmpetence
29. A. survivingB. shrteningC. endingD. securing
30. A. financialB. urgentC. psitiveD. dynamic
31. A. allwanceB. explanatinC. exchangeD. applicatin
32. A. eventuallyB. rarelyC. merelyD. cnsistently
33. A. predictB. debateC. ensureD. realize
34. A. restredB. leftC. mnitredD. cntracted
35 A. prhibitedB. permittedC. frcedD. invited
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一对退休夫妇通过为他人提供家政服务，换取免费住宿环游世界的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来好得不真实。A. fundamental 基础的；B. true 真实的；C. abnrmal不正常的；D. cnvenient 方便的。根据下文“But a retired cuple frm Nrflk, England have managed t d just that.（但一对来自英国诺福克的退休夫妇设法成功做到了这一点。）”可知，旅游免费住在别人家里这件事情不太现实，这对夫妇努力尝试才把它变为真实的。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一对来自英国诺福克的退休夫妇设法成功做到了这一点。A. managed 设法做到；B. tackled 处理；C. prmised 保证；D. highlighted 强调。根据上文“It might sund t gd t be true.（这听起来好得不真实。）”可知，要做到这件事很难，因此需要努力设法做，而manage t d sth.表示“设法成功做某事”，符合语境。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔纳森·阿什沃斯和朱莉·阿什沃斯在2017年卖掉了他们的房子，然后周游世界，同时照顾别人的房子和宠物，以换取免费住宿。A. transprtatin交通；B. accmmdatin住宿；C. welfare福利；D. substance 物质。根据上文“staying in ther peple’s hmes fr free（免费住在被人的房子里）”可知，此处谈论的是免费住宿。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿什沃斯一家在2018年初预订了他们的第一套房子，当时他们正在寻找能在节省开支情况下更多旅行的方式，并表示从那以后他们从没往回看。A. earn 赚得；B. engage（使）参与；C. travel 旅游；D. arise 产生。根据上文“traveled arund the wrld（周游世界）”可知，他们正寻找能节省开支的旅游方式。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：阿什沃斯一家在2018年初预订了他们的第一套房子，当时他们正在寻找能在节省开支情况下更多旅行的方式，并表示从那以后他们从没回头（义无反顾地做下去）。A. lked up 查阅；B. lked ut 当心；C. lked back 回顾、回看；D. lked away 看向别处。根据下文“They are staying in a caravan (拖车) until they are able t begin huse-sitting again.（他们待在一辆大篷车里，直到他们能够重新开始代为照看房子。）”可知，这对夫妇自开始做这件事以来，便喜欢上这件事，一直义无反顾、不回头地在做。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们最初对这个想法存疑，他们还是尝试注册了TrustedHusesitters，在那里，业主和代为照看房子的人会互相留下评论。A. ultimately 最终；B. cnventinally按惯例；C. initially 最初；D. apparently 显然。根据下文“As they were new t the practice, the cuple chse t huse- sit lcally t build up their prfiles, and ften visited wners befre securing their stay.（由于他们是新从事这一行业的，这对夫妇选择当地的房子代为照看，以建立自己的形象，并经常在入住前拜访业主。）”可知，此处讲述他们最初进入这一领域的情景。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们最初对这个想法存疑，他们还是尝试注册了TrustedHusesitters，在那里，业主和代为照看房子的人会互相留下评论。A. symbls 象征；B. suvenirs 纪念品；C. cntrasts对比；D. reviews 评论。根据下文“Once they’d clcked up a significant amunt f psitive reviews, they began t make an applicatin fr huse- sitting slightly further afield.（一旦他们获得了大量的好评，他们就开始申请离家稍远的房子。）”可知，他们在这个网站上获得了好评，故这个网站，屋主和代为照看的人能够留下评论。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他们是新从事这一行业的，这对夫妇选择当地的房子代为照看，以建立自己的形象，并经常在获得入住权前拜访业主。A. practice 实践；B. recgnitin 识别；C. definitin 定义；D. cmpetence 能力。根据本句的“were new t（新来到）”可知，此处表示他们新进入这个行业，即新开始这项实践。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：由于他们是新从事这一行业的，这对夫妇选择当地的房子代为照看，以建立自己的形象，并经常在获得入住权前拜访业主。A. surviving 幸存；B. shrtening 缩短；C. ending 结束；D. securing 获得。根据本句的“their stay（他们的入住）”可知，这对夫妇是要获得屋主给予的入住许可之后才能入住，但他们为了树立形象，会在获得入住权前去拜访屋主。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们获得了大量的好评，他们就开始申请离家稍远的房子。A. financial 金融的；B. urgent 紧迫的；C. psitive 积极的；D. dynamic动态的。根据本句的“they began t make an applicatin fr huse- sitting slightly further afield（他们就开始申请离家稍远的房子）”可知，之所以敢申请远一点的房子，肯定是他们获得了好评。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们获得了大量的好评，他们就开始申请离家稍远的房子。A. allwance 补贴；B. explanatin 解释；C. exchange 交换；D. applicatin 应用、申请。根据本句的“huse- sitting slightly further afield（稍远点房子的代为照看）”可知，他们开始去申请成为这些房子的代为照看人，故词组make an applicatin fr表示“申请”，符合语境。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然坐在家里听上去像小菜一碟，但很少像每天遛狗那样简单。A. eventually 最终；B. rarely很少；C. merely 仅仅；D. cnsistently一贯地。根据下文“In rder t ensure they were prepared fr each huse- sitting, the pair generally arrived a few hurs befre the wners left s that they culd meet and discuss any cncerns.（为了确保他们每次入住做时好准备，这对夫妇通常会在业主离开前几个小时抵达，以便他们能够会面并讨论任何问题。）”可知，这个工作并不是简单地遛遛狗，很少会那么简单。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确保他们每次入住做时好准备，这对夫妇通常会在业主离开前几个小时抵达，以便他们能够会面并讨论任何问题。A. predict 预测；B. debate 辩论；C. ensure 确保；D. realize 实现。根据本句的“the pair generally arrived a few hurs befre the wners left s that they culd meet and discuss any cncerns（这对夫妇通常会在业主离开前几个小时抵达，以便他们能够会面并讨论任何问题。）”可知，他们不辞辛苦地提前去，目的就是为了不出意外，顺利入住，既确保自己做了万全的准备。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确保他们每次入住做时好准备，这对夫妇通常会在业主离开前几个小时抵达，以便他们能够会面并讨论任何问题。A. restred 修复；B. left 离开；C. mnitred 监测；D. cntracted 感染，与…订立合同。根据本句的“befre the wners（在屋主……之前）”可知，既然他们是去代为照看房子的，肯定屋主会离开家。故只有在屋主离开之前去才能和面对面交流。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为新冠，这对夫妻被迫回到英国。A. prhibited禁止；B. permitted允许；C. frced强迫；D. invited邀请。根据下文“They are staying in a caravan (拖车) until they are able t begin huse-sitting again.（他们待在一辆大篷车里，直到他们能够重新开始代为照看房子。）”可知，他们乐意继续做这件事情，故新冠迫使他们不得不回国。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空 （共10个小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese astrnauts have successfully grwn rice seedlings(秧苗)nbard the Tiangng space statin and this experiment shws us hw astrnauts can grw fd t supprt lng-term space missins.
___36___there have been ther rice experiments in space, the ne being cnducted n Tiangng is the first f ___37___(it) kind. The aim is t prduce the cmplete life cycle f the plant. It begins with a seed and ends with a mature plant ___38___(prduce)new seeds. Nw, the seedlings f the tall sht rice variety have reached a___39___(high) f abut 30 cm.
China’s Wentian space lab,___40___(launch) n July 24, dcked with the Chinese space statin’s Tianhe cre mdule ne day later. The space lab,which___41___(weigh) 23 tns and is 17.9 meters tall, is the cuntry’s largest and___42___(heavy) spacecraft t date.
Onbard are eight experimental paylads, including the ne fr the rice experiment. Rice___43___(be) a staple fd fr astrnauts since the early days f space explratin. US astrnauts nbard the Apll 11 missin,_____44_____were the first humans t land n the mn in July 1969, ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip_____45_____space.
If we want t land n and explre Mars, we have t find a sustainable fd surce fr lng-term space explratins.
【答案】36. Althugh##Thugh##While
37. its 38. prducing
39. height 40. launched
41. weighs 42. heaviest
43. has been
44. wh 45. in
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国宇航员已经在天宫空间站上成功种植了水稻幼苗，以及它的意义。
【36题详解】
考查状语从句连接词。句意：虽然在太空中也有过其他的水稻试验，但在天宫上进行的这次试验是这种类型的第一次。分析句子结构可知，“there have been ther rice experiments in space”与“the ne being cnducted n Tiangng is the first f (it) kind.”两句间是转折关系，应填Althugh或者Thugh或者While意为“虽然，尽管”之意，引导让步状语从句。故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
37题详解】
考查代词。句意：虽然在太空中也有过其他的水稻试验，但在天宫上进行的这次试验是这种类型的第一次。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词kind，所以空处应填形容词修饰，it应该它的形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它从种子开始，到成熟的植物产生新种子结束。分析句子机构可知，本句已有谓语动词begins和ends，所以prduce应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是plant，两者间是主动关系，此处应是现在分词做后置定语。故填prducing。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：现在，高茎水稻品种的幼苗已经长到约30厘米高。分析句子机构可知，空前是介词at，所以空处应填名词，high的名词形式是height。故填height。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的问天空间实验室于7月24日发射，一天后与中国空间站的天和核心舱对接。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词dcked，所以launch应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是China’s Wentian space lab，两者间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词表被动作定语。故填launched。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该空间实验室重23吨，高17.9米，是我国迄今为止最大、最重的航天器。分析句子机构可知，本句是which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，所以weigh做从句谓语，它的主语是which代指the space lab，为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时。故填weighs。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该空间实验室重23吨，高17.9米，是我国迄今为止最大、最重的航天器。分析句子结构可知，空处和空前的largest并列，所以应该保持形式一致，空处也用形容词的最高级。故填heaviest。
43题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自太空探索早期以来，大米就一直是宇航员的主食。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以be做本句谓语，再根据since为现在完成时的标志，所以应该用现在完成时，主语是rice，为第三人称单数。故填has been。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：1969年7月，阿波罗11号任务的美国宇航员首次登上月球，他们在太空旅行中吃的是冻干鸡肉和米饭。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，应该用关系代词引导，先行词是astrnauts，指人，应该用wh引导。故填wh。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：1969年7月，阿波罗11号任务的美国宇航员首次登上月球，他们在太空旅行中吃的是冻干鸡肉和米饭。分析句子结构可知，此处表达“在太空中”之意，前应用介词in。故填in。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第三节 应用文
46. 假定你是李华，你正纠结如何让自己的 18 岁生日过得更有意义。请给你的美国笔友 Mark 写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 你的计划；
2. 征求他的建议。
注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 左右。
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Mark,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mark,
I’m writing this letter t invite yu t my 18th birthday party this Saturday.
An 18th birthday is unusual fr every child in China, because it means that a teenager wh has been an adult becmes mre mature and wiser. S my family is determined t hld a big party at Guangming Htel. Many friends and relatives are invited t the party. The htel band will play amazing music, and a variety f Chinese fd will be served. D yu have any ther suggestins? If yu take part in the party, yu will definitely enjy the atmsphere and have a gd time with us.
Lk frward t yur cming.
Best Wishes.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你正纠结如何让自己的 18 岁生日过得更有意义。请给你的美国笔友 Mark 写一封电子邮件谈一下你的计划并征求他的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
聪明的：wise→intelligent
建议：suggestin→advice
各种各样的：a variety f→varius
参加：take part in→participate in
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：The htel band will play amazing music, and a variety f Chinese fd will be served.
拓展句：Nt nly will the htel band play amazing music, but als a variety f Chinese fd will be served.
【点睛】[高分句型1] An 18th birthday is unusual fr every child in China, because it means that a teenager wh has been an adult becmes mre mature and wiser. (运用了because引导原因状语从句，that引导宾语从句，wh引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] If yu take part in the party, yu will definitely enjy the atmsphere and have a gd time with us. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
第二节：读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Every girl dreamed when she was yung and Cindy was n exceptin. Her favrite ballet was Swan and Lake and she had read dzens f bks frm the library r in the bkstre n hw t becme a ballerina. She anxiusly hped that ne day her dream wuld cme true. She had taken ballet lessns and all her teachers cnfirmed that she was a gd student and full f ptential, which made her lk frward t the future.
One day she saw an advertisement that a famus ballerina trupe (剧团) wuld be perfrming in her hmetwn. Her thughts ran wild, “I must meet up with the leader f the trupe and shw him my skills,” she murmured t herself. She dressed herself in her ballerina cstume and managed t avid the guards and hid in the dressing rm t wait, with her heart punding. It was uncertain whether she culd see the leader.
Luckily, the leader entered and she timidly kncked at the dr.
She bravely apprached him and handed him a bunch f red rses. And in her excitement, she pricked (刺) her finger n the thrns but she did nt make a big thing abut the pain. The leader bserved her actin, ndding his head slightly, as she tld him her dream. “All right, yu dance and I will give yu my judgment.”
But half way thrugh the dance he stpped her and said with an impish (恶作剧的) smile Cindy didn’t ntice, “I’m srry yu’re nt gd enugh!” On hearing this, Cindy was t ashamed t ask the leader the reasn and ran crying away, as fast as her legs culd carry her withut a brief stay. Shaking his head in disappintment, the leader said t himself, “Persistence matters mre than talent.”
Three years passing, she was still chasing her dream. Then ne day she heard that the same ballet trupe was perfrming in her twn again. Bitter memries f the leader’s harsh wrds came flding back t her. This time she was determined t find ut why the leader had tld her she was nt gd enugh when all her teachers thught therwise.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The leader glanced at Cindy in peace, “I remember hw yu had pricked yurself but yu carried n bravely.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the thught, she ran after the leader immediately.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
The leader glanced at Cindy in peace, “I remember hw yu had pricked yurself but yu carried n bravely.” “S what?” Cindy asked anxiusly. The leader cntinued, “I just wndered if yu culd treat ballet like that. Hwever, yu let me dwn. Actually, if yu did nt give up s easily, yu still deserve my further judgment!” With these wrds the leader went away, leaving Cindy frzen there chewing ver his wrds. Cindy felt a breath f fire burning in her bdy, “Did he just test my lyalty t ballet n purpse?”
At the thught, she ran after the leader immediately. “Gd helps thse wh help themselves. I am still crazy abut ballet and yung enugh...” she talked t herself. Then she fund the leader in the rehearsal hall. It seemed as if the leader was waiting fr her. Cindy gathered curage and came up, begging fr anther pprtunity. This time, her graceful dancing wn the leader’s applause, which was beynd her expectatin. “It was yur devtin and persistence that makes yur talent mre brilliant and impressive.” the leader smiled, lking sincerely int Cindy’s eyes.
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了辛迪梦想成为芭蕾舞演员，她为之付出了很多努力，老师认为她充满潜力。一天，她得知一个著名的芭蕾舞团将在她的家乡演出，她决定去见团长，向他展示自己的技巧。当她的舞蹈展示到一半时，团长阻止了她，认为她的舞蹈不够好，辛迪哭着跑开了，团长很失望，他认为辛迪对舞蹈不够坚持。三年过去了，辛迪仍然在追逐她的梦想，当她得知那个芭蕾舞团又来演出时，她决心去问问团长为什么认为她的舞蹈不够好。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“团长平静地瞥了一眼辛迪，“我记得你是多么刺痛，但你还是勇敢地继续。”可知，第一段可描写团长解释当时否定辛迪的原因以及辛迪的心理变化。
②由第二段首句内容“一想到这一点，她立刻追上了领导。”可知，第二段可描写辛迪为了弥补上次的错误，做出了什么努力，及团长的态度。
2.续写线索：团长阐述否定辛迪的原因——辛迪的反思——辛迪的再次努力——团长给予机会——辛迪展示舞蹈——团长的认可
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.继续（说）：cntinue/g n
②.放弃：give up/abandn
③.恳求：beg/entreat
情绪类
①.焦急地：anxiusly/wrriedly
②.真诚地：sincerely/genuinely
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Actually, if yu did nt give up s easily, yu still deserve my further judgment! （由if引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]. This time her graceful dancing wn the leader’s applause, which was beynd her expectatin.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）