2023-2024学年北京一零一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年北京一零一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题含答案，文件包含北京一零一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题原卷版docx、北京一零一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。

高二英语
命题：高二英语备课组
(考试时间：100分钟，试卷满分：95分)
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，共25分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
When I was little, I’d play chess with my grandfather, and he’d smke his cigar while telling me stries abut grwing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling arund the wrld. Yet it was nly after he passed away that I ____1____ hw fast his stries had faded away.
Hence the imprtance f preserving ____2____ dawned n me, which ultimately changed my previus utlk n remembering ur lved nes and the stries we share.
All t ften, we take fr granted the value that ur family histries and persnal experiences have had in ur lives. They help t ____3____ wh we are, prviding markers f ur grwth. I believe t sme degree we are all naturally ____4____ abut ur ancestry, but we can be stuck n knwing what questins t ask.
Full f regrets but armed with a newfund ____5____, I thught abut slutins t help ther peple recrd the precius memries fr thse they lve—befre it’s t late. As freelancer (自由职业者) platfrms became mainstream, I discvered many highly qualified writers were ____6____ arund the wrld, s I began matching ghstwriters (代笔者) with clients t help them write a bk. Then, Stry Tree, a memir-writing service, was ____7____.
Since then, we have explred the pwer f stries and their ability t cnnect us with ur past and ____8____ the present. It has been dcumented that learning mre abut ne’s family histry has been linked t ____9____ emtinal health, increasing cmpassin and prviding a deeper sense f cultures and traditins.
Amng all the heritage stries at Stry Tree, family is a dminant theme. Other cmmn themes are lve, enterprising spirit, vercming difficulty, and settling in new surrundings. Hwever, _____10_____ is a thread that always ties these tgether.
1. A. dubtedB. imaginedC. realizedD. cunted
2. A. hbbiesB. relatinshipsC. evidencesD. memries
3. A. shapeB. cnfirmC. presentD. perfect
4. A. certainB. curiusC. cautiusD. cnfused
5. A. businessB. reliefC. purpseD. talent
6. A. availableB. accessibleC. admirableD. acceptable
7. A. apprvedB. fundC. updatedD. brn
8. A. catch up withB. put up withC. make sense fD. take advantage f
9. A. riskingB. bstingC. assessingD. mnitring
10. A. familyB. cmmunityC. cultureD. histry
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者小的时候，祖父总给他讲故事，直到祖父去世感悟到故事消失的很快，于是创立了Stry Tree，代写故事服务，帮助人们保存回忆。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到他去世后，我才意识到他的故事消失得有多快。A. dubted怀疑；B. imagined想象；C. realized意识到；D. cunted数数。根据上文“When I was little, I’d play chess with my grandfather, and he’d smke his cigar while telling me stries abut grwing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling arund the wrld.”和下文的yet可知前后是转折关系，因为祖父从小就一直在给我讲故事，所以是直到他去世后，我才意识到他的故事消失得有多快，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我意识到保存记忆的重要性，这最终改变了我以前对记住我们所爱的人和我们分享的故事的看法。A. hbbies爱好；B. relatinships关系；C. evidences证据；D. memries记忆。根据下文“which ultimately changed my previus utlk n remembering ur lved nes and the stries we share.”可知这里是说保存记忆的重要性，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们帮助塑造我们，提供我们成长的标志。 A. shape塑造；B. cnfirm确认；C. present提出；D. perfect使完善。根据下文“prviding markers f ur grwth.”可知它们帮助塑造我们，让我们成长，故选A。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信在某种程度上，我们都对自己的祖先感到好奇，但我们可能会知道该问什么问题。 A. certain肯定的；B. curius好奇的；C. cautius小心的；D. cnfused困惑的。根据下文“but we can be stuck n knwing what questins t ask.”可知前后是转折关系，所以我们应该是对祖先好奇，但是实际上我们可能知道我们要问什么问题，故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心中充满遗憾，但有了新目标，我开始思考如何帮助别人为他们所爱的人记录下珍贵的回忆，以免为时过晚。A. business生意；B. relief宽慰；C. purpse目标；D. talent天赋。根据上文“s I began matching ghstwriters (代笔者) with clients t help them write a bk. Then, Stry Tree, a memir-writing service,was ____7____.”可知这是新发现的目标，去帮助别人记录回忆，故选C。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着自由职业者平台成为主流，我发现世界各地都有很多高素质的作家，所以我开始为客户撮合代笔作家，帮助他们写书。 A. available可用的；B. accessible可使用的；C. admirable令人钦佩的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文“As freelancer (自由职业者) platfrms became mainstream,”可知，随着自由职业者平台成为主流，我发现世界各地有很多可用的高素质作家，故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，回忆录写作服务“故事树”诞生了。A. apprved赞成；B. fund发现；C. updated更新；D. brn产生，出生。根据上文“s I began matching ghstwriters (代笔者) with clients t help them write a bk. Then, Stry Tree, a memir-writing service,was ____7____.”可知是这种服务诞生了，故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那时起，我们探索了故事的力量，探索了它们将我们与过去联系起来同时理解现在的能力。A. catch up with赶上；B. put up with提出；C. make sense f搞清楚；弄懂；理解；D. take advantage f利用。根据上文“cnnect us with ur past”和下文“a deeper sense f cultures and traditins”可知，此处指将我们与过去联系起来，同时理解现在的能力，故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有文献表明，更多地了解一个人的家族史与促进情绪健康、增加同情心和更深入地了解文化和传统有关。A. risking冒险；B. bsting促进；C. assessing评估；D. mnitring监控。根据下文“increasing cmpassin and prviding a deeper sense f cultures and traditins.”可知前后是并列关系，都是说的好处，所以用促进符合句意，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，家庭是将这些联系在一起的纽带。A. family家庭；B. cmmunity社区；C. culture文化；D. histry历史。根据上文“Amng all the heritage stries at Stry Tree, family is a dminant theme.”以及上下文语境可知是family的词汇复现，故选A。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The British must have really high standards. I was part f a student exchange prgramme between a university in England and my university in China. I had spent days in ___11___ (prepare) fr my first English paper. I knew I did a gd jb and was lking frward ___12___ getting a psitive cmment. When I gt the paper back, I fund that my teacher ___13___ (write) the cmment “Nt bad!” Nt bad? But there weren’t any ___14___ (mistake) in my paper.
【答案】11. preparing
12. t 13. had written
14. mistakes
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过自己在英国一所大学的学习经历讲述了英国人有很高的标准。
11题详解】
考查动名词。句意：我花了几天时间准备我的第一篇英语论文。固定搭配spend…(in) ding sth.（花……干某事），用动名词（ding）形式作宾语。故填preparing。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：我知道我做得很好，并期待着得到积极的评价。固定搭配lk frward t ding sth.（期待干某事），用介词t。故填t。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：当我把试卷拿回来时，我发现我的老师写了一句话：“不错”。此处为宾语从句谓语，主句谓语fund是一般过去时，从句谓语动词write发生在主句谓语fund之前，即“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时（had dne）。故填had written。
【14题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：但我的论文没有任何错误。mistake是可数名词，此处作句子主语，由were可知用其复数形式。故填mistakes。
B
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Steam engines were used t pull the carriages and it must have been ___15___(fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using it every day. Later engineers managed t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels, ___16___ became knwn as the tube. The Central Lndn Railway, ne f the mst successful f these new lines, ___17___(pen) in 1990.
【答案】15. fairly
16. which 17. was pened
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍在英国伦敦建造的最早的地铁。
【15题详解】
考查副词。句意：蒸汽机是用来拉车厢的，因为烟雾和噪音，对乘客来说肯定很不舒服。根据所给单词，分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词unpleasant，fair的副词是fairly。故填fairly。
【16题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：后来的工程师们设法在一个深隧道系统中建造铁路，这就是众所周知的地铁。此处railways是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，由关系代词which引导。故填which。
【17题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：伦敦中央铁路是这些新线路中最成功的一条，于1990年开通。根据in 1990可知，该句在描述过去发生的事请，且句子主语The Central Lndn Railway是第三人称单数形式，和谓语动词pen之间是被动关系，是一般过去时的被动语态。故填was pened。
C
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Leaf-cutter ants are interesting. ____18____(lk) fr leaves, the larger ants usually g ut in grups. They bite f bits f leaves and carry them back. Watching these ants march in single file, carrying leaves, is quite a sight. These ants can carry a leaf that ____19____ (weigh) 20 times mre than they d. The leaves ____20____ (cllect) by the ants are nt fr eating. They are brught back s fungus(真菌) can grw n them. The fungus is the fd fr the ants.
【答案】18. T lk
19. weighs 20. cllected
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种蚂蚁生活习性。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了寻找树叶，较大的蚂蚁通常成群外出。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语中的动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”寻找树叶，又因为位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填 T lk。
【19题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：这些蚂蚁能搬动比自己重20倍的树叶。结合句意，分析句子可知，提示词weigh表示“重……；有……重”，是that引导的定语从句中谓语动词，先行词a leaf是单数名词，是从句中作主语，所以从句谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填 weighs。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：蚂蚁采集的叶子不是用来吃的。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语作后置定语，因为所给提示词cllect与其逻辑主语The leaves 之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作后置定语。故填 cllected。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee(IOC)Yung Leaders prgramme empwers talents t make a psitive difference in their cmmunities thrugh sprt. Twenty-five Yung Leaders are being selected every tw years fr a fur-year perid. They prmte the Olympic values, spreading the message f sprt fr gd.
T be an IOC Yung Leader, yu need t first cmplete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during Nvember 2023, is a virtual learning prgramme. The sessins can be attended live r watched back after they are made available n the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked t cmplete a tpic﹣specific reflectin task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is pen t anyne, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully cmpleting the 4-Week Learning Sprint, yu will need t submit a plan fr a sprt﹣based prject, which yu will wrk n if selected as an IOC Yung Leader.
Requirements fr the Applicants
•Yu have successfully cmpleted the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
•Yu have cmpleted yur high schl studies.
•Yu have at least ne year f wrk experience.
•Yu have strng public speaking skills.
•Yu are self-mtivated and cmmitted.
•Yu are passinate abut creating psitive change in yur cmmunity.
•Yu are pen t being cached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
•Yu are able t wrk with peple frm different backgrunds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their cmmunityB. attend a virtual learning prgramme
C. meet peple frm different backgrundsD. prmte the IOC Yung Leaders prject
22. If selected as an IOC Yung Leader, ne will need t ________.
A. cmplete a reflectin task each weekB. watch sprts n the IOC channel
C. wrk n a sprt-based prjectD. cach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement fr the applicants?
A. Spreading the message f sprt fr gd.B. Having at least ne-year wrk experience.
C. Shwing great passin fr prject planning.D. Cmmitting themselves t becming an expert.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during Nvember 2023, is a virtual learning prgramme. The sessins can be attended live r watched back after they are made available n the IOC channel. (为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加虚拟学习课程。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“After successfully cmpleting the 4-Week Learning Sprint, yu will need t submit a plan fr a sprt﹣based prject, which yu will wrk n if selected as an IOC Yung Leader. (在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的项目。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Requirements fr the Applicants部分中“Yu have at least ne year f wrk experience. (你至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。
【点睛】
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me. Fr almst a year I struggled n, cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.
One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. I jined a pre-presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne-n-ne with him—an idea that had seemed cmpletely impssible. This first cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later, Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference. Lking back, I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass, but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I’ve realised that my biggest bstacle ( 障碍 ) this whle time was myself. It was that vice in the back f my head telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching their ptential: I can’t. They say gd things cme t thse wh wait; I say: grab every pprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient. After all, nature des nt require ur patience, but ur actin.
24. What was the main cause fr Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability t act her age.B. Her habit f cnsumptin.
C. Her desire t be perfect.D. Her lack f inspiratin.
25. Hw did Grant Brwn’s presentatin influence Alice?
A. She decided t d smething fr nature.B. She tasted the sweetness f friendship.
C. She learned abut the harm f desire.D. She built up her curage t speak up.
26. The activities Alice jined in helped her t becme mre ________.
A. intelligentB. cnfidentC. innvativeD. critical
27 What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect.B. Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C. Actin is wrry’s wrst enemy.D. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brwn的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Yuth fr Nature”和“Yuth fr Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brwn让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
C
Next Frntiers
Schlbks typically present explrers as intrepid (勇敢的) individuals wh, fr example, sail wden ships t new lands. But tday mst explrers wh are making fundamental discveries are scientists. And whether the frntiers are tiny, like the human genme, r massive, like ur deepest ceans, we still have much left t learn abut planet Earth. The quests that mdern scientists pursue rival (比得上) anything in a histry bk r an adventure nvel.
Explratin is science in its mst basic frm — asking questins f the natural wrld and, we hpe, using the answers fr the betterment f everything n Earth.
Explratin has great value. It inspires us, widens ur knwledge and gives us hpe fr a better future. And the practical payffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists wh spent decades explring what was in the atmsphere fund that ver time the cncentratin f carbn dixide was rising. Withut that discvery, we humans wuld nw be living like the prverbial frg in a pt f gradually heating water, unsure why the envirnment arund us is changing, and slwly biling t death.
The human drive t vercme challenges is an essential aspect f the human drive t explre, which, in mst cases, spurs innvatin. Early human submersibles that reached the bttm f the deepest cean trenches made the trip just nce, stressed by the enrmus pressures there. But eventually a mre stress-resistant deep–submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factr, allwed investr and undersea explrer Victr Vescv t reach trench bttms numerus times.
Nw there are rughly 4,000 autnmus Arg flats acrss the wrld’s ceans that dive dwn t 2,000 feet and resurface every 10 days. Prgrammable vessels greatly expand ur reach and reduce the risk t the peple invlved in explratin, allwing fr the kind f discvery that the human bdy might limit. The Arg grup will als deply dzens f sensrs every year that will gather bilgical and chemical data, leading t new bservatins abut marine life.
Other institutins plan t search the seas in unisn, sending data t guide ships that frward the infrmatin t researchers n shre. Ocean research grups have made it a pririty t penly share their discveries and data with the public and t inspire the next generatin f yung scientists. Anyne can g alng fr the ride — we can all be explrers. Maybe ne day yu’ll explre the Great Barrier Reef, the desert, r a rain-frest canpy.
Captain James T. Kirk began each episde f the riginal Star Trek televisin series by saying, “Space, the final frntier.” Nt necessarily. We still have plenty t discver right here n Earth, and we eagerly await surprises frm the newest wrlds we find.
28. The example “prverbial frg” in Paragraph 3 is used t .
A. illustrate the significance f explratinB. stress the imprtance f knwledge
C. argue fr the necessity f innvatinD. shw the impact f glbal warming
29. We can learn frm Paragraph 4 and 5 that .
A. the human desire t vercme challenges leads t innvatin
B. sea life bservatin is the final purpse f cean explratin
C. the findings f cean explratin are rather disappinting
D. new technlgies push human explratin in the cean
30. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Few mdern scientists are true explrers.B. The space will be human’s final frntier.
C. Explring is an in-brn human quality.D. Explring the earth can still be fruitful.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了探索是科学最基本的形式——提出自然世界的问题，我们希望用这些问题的答案来改善地球上的一切。文章论述了探索地球的重要作用和意义。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Explratin has great value. It inspires us, widens ur knwledge and gives us hpe fr a better future. And the practical payffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists wh spent decades explring what was in the atmsphere fund that ver time the cncentratin f carbn dixide was rising. Withut that discvery, we humans wuld nw be living like the prverbial frg in a pt f gradually heating water, unsure why the envirnment arund us is changing, and slwly biling t death.(探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命。科学家们花了几十年的时间探索大气中的物质，发现随着时间的推移，二氧化碳的浓度在上升。如果没有这一发现，我们人类现在就会像谚语所说的青蛙一样生活在逐渐加热的锅里，不确定我们周围的环境为什么会发生变化，然后慢慢地沸腾而死)”可推知，第三段中的“谚语青蛙”的例子用来说明探索的重要性。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The human drive t vercme challenges is an essential aspect f the human drive t explre, which, in mst cases, spurs innvatin. Early human submersibles that reached the bttm f the deepest cean trenches made the trip just nce, stressed by the enrmus pressures there. But eventually a mre stress-resistant deep-submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factr, allwed investr and undersea explrer Victr Vescv t reach trench bttms numerus times.(人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新。早期的人类潜水器到达最深的海沟底部，在巨大的压力下只进行了一次。但最终，一种更耐压力的深海潜水器——“限制因子”，让投资者和海底探险家维克多·维斯科沃得以多次到达海沟底部)”可知，人类克服挑战的欲望导致了创新。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Explratin has great value. It inspires us, widens ur knwledge and gives us hpe fr a better future. And the practical payffs can even be lifesaving.(探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命)”；第四段中“The human drive t vercme challenges is an essential aspect f the human drive t explre, which, in mst cases, spurs innvatin.(人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新)”以及最后一段中“We still have plenty t discver right here n Earth, and we eagerly await surprises frm the newest wrlds we find. (我们在地球上还有很多东西要发现，我们热切地等待着来自我们发现的最新世界的惊喜)”可推知，探索地球仍然是富有成效的。故选D。
D
Cnsider these facts: The tennis champin Williams sisters are a generatin apart, accrding t the Pew Research Center. Venus, brn in 1980, is labelled “Gen X”; Serena, brn in 1981, is a “millennial”. Meanwhile, Dnald Trump and Michelle Obama bth belng t the same generatin. The frmer was brn in 1946 while the latter was brn in 1964, making them bth “baby bmers”.
Befre yu push these diverse persnalities int generatinal steretypes (刻板印象), let me stp yu there: Just dn’t. Generatin labels, althugh widely adpted by the public, have n basis in scial reality. In fact, in ne recent survey, mst peple did nt identify the crrect generatin fr themselves, even when they were shwn a list f ptins.
This is nt surprising since the labels are frced by survey researchers, jurnalists r marketing firms befre the identities they are suppsed t describe even exist. Instead f asking peple which grup they identify with and why, they just declare the labels and start making prnuncements abut them. That’s nt hw scial identity wrks.
The practice f naming “generatins” based n birth year ges back at least t the suppsed “lst-generatin” f the late 19th century. But as the traditin slid int a never-ending cmpetitin t be the first t prpse the next name that sticks, it has prduced gradually declining returns t scial science and the public understanding.
The suppsed bundaries between generatins are n mre meaningful than the names they’ve been given. There is n research identifying the apprpriate bundaries between generatins, and there is n statistical basis fr requiring the sweeping character traits (特征) that are believed t define them. In ne article yu might read that millennials are “liberal lins”, “dwnwardly mbile”, and “distrustful”; even thugh they als “get alng well with their parents, respect their elders and wrk well with clleagues”.
Ridiculus, clearly. But what’s the harm? Aren’t these labels just a bit f fun fr writers? A methd t attract readers and a way f cmmunicating generatinal change, which n ne wuld deny is a real phenmenn? We, in academic scial science, study and teach scial change, but we dn’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in scial science, reality still matters.
Wrse than irrelevant, such baseless labels drive peple tward steretyping and thughtless character judgment. Measuring and describing scial change is essential, and it can be useful t analyze the histrical perid in which peple were brn and raised, but drawing randm lines between birth years and assigning names t them desn’t help.
Tday there are lts f gd alternatives t label generatins. We can simply describe peple by the decade in which they were brn and define generatinal grups specifically related t a particular issue—such as 2020 schl kids. With the arrival f “Generatin Z”, there has never been a better time t get ff this train.
31. What d the facts listed in Paragraph 1 imply?
A. Different peple have different pinins abut generatin labels.
B. Peple with the same generatin label may nt be f similar age.
C. Generatinal change can be measured by generatin labels.
D. Generatin labels are widely adpted by celebrities.
32. The underlined wrd “sticks” in Paragraph 4 prbably means ______.
A. is understdB. is analyzedC. is describedD. is accepted
33. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ______.
A. the generatin label is a harmless device writers use t reflect reality
B. generatin bundaries are mre meaningful than generatin labels
C. assigning character traits t a certain generatin is misguided
D. jurnalists shuld find alternative ways t judge character
34. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Generatin labels: It’s high time t retire them
B. Generatin labels: The nging debate will never end
C. Generatin labels: What d they say abut wh we are?
D. Generatin labels: Expand r bridge generatinal differences?
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了代际标签的制定，说明代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Meanwhile, Dnald Trump and Michelle Obama bth belng t the same generatin. The frmer was brn in 1946 while the latter was brn in 1964, making them bth “baby bmers”.”（同时，唐纳德·特朗普和米歇尔·奥巴马都属于同一代人。前者出生于1946年，而后者出生于1964年，他们都属于“婴儿潮一代”。）可知，具有同一代标签的人可能年龄不同。故选B项。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“But as the traditin slid int a never-ending cmpetitin t be the first t prpse the next name”（但是，随着这一传统滑向一场无休止要成为第一个提出下一个名字的竞争，）以及“it has prduced gradually declining returns t scial science and the public understanding.”（社会科学和公众理解的回报率逐渐下降。）可知，句中the next name指的是为下一代取的名字，即可以被接受的一个名字，推测划线单词表示“接受”，与is accepted同义。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Befre yu push these diverse persnalities int generatinal steretypes (刻板印象), let me stp yu there: Just dn’t.”（在你将这些不同的性格推入代际刻板印象之前，让我在这里阻止你：不要这样做。）以及第六段“We, in academic scial science, study and teach scial change, but we dn’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in scial science, reality still matters.”（在学术社会科学中，我们研究和教授社会变革，但我们不研究和教授这些标签，因为它们根本不是真实的。在社会科学中，现实仍然很重要。）可知，作者不同意将不同的性格推入代际刻板印象，认为代际标签是不真实的，可能同意将性格特征分配给某一代是错误的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要说明了代际标签的制定以及一些代际标签制定的发展，说明了代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择，所以“时代标签：是时候让它们退役了”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw des it feel when yu slve yur prblem by yurself? Things may nt always g as planned, but being resurceful can help yu stay calm and wrk yur way ut f tricky situatins.
Being resurceful means finding smart and creative ways t slve a prblem, using whatever resurces yu have at the time. ____35____ They can als be anything else that’s useful, such as infrmatin, advice r yur wn experience. It als means trusting yur instincts, the ability yu’re brn with, rather than thrugh training and being cnfident abut yur ability t face challenges. A resurceful persn is nt the ne getting crss r panicking when smething ges wrng. They’re thinking abut hw t slve the prblem.
_____36_____ when we learn t prblem slve fr urselves rather than immediately ging t thers fr help, it can help t build ur cnfidence, help us feel mre independent, and feel better abut making decisins. Being resurceful may nt help yu avid prblems, but thinking creatively abut hw yu can deal with them will make yu feel less stressed and mre prepared next time. _____37_____ This can bst self-esteem, that is, hw yu feel abut yurself.
When yu’re facing a challenge, try t fcus n the actual prblem rather than hw yu feel abut it. Think abut where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many slutins t the prblem as yu can. ____38____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t wrked, s yu’re equipped t deal with a situatin next time.
And remember, if yu have a tricky prblem that yu’re unable t slve, then ask a trusted adult fr help. ____39____
A. Yu als learn what yu’re gd at.
B. Here is hw yu can be mre resurceful.
C. These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D. N ne is expected t slve all prblems by themselves.
E. Resurcefulness is a skill that’s gd fr yu in lts f ways.
F. They can be famus mtts that always inspire us t mve n.
G. Weigh up what’s gd and bad abut each ne and chse the best.
【答案】35. F 36. E 37. A 38. G 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。
【35题详解】
根据前句“Being resurceful means finding smart and creative ways t slve a prblem, using whatever resurces yu have at the time. (足智多谋意味着找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”和后句“They can als be anything else that’s useful, such as infrmatin, advice r yur wn experience. (它们也可以是任何有用的东西，比如信息、建议或你自己的经历。)”中的als可知，空处和下文为并列关系，也是在列举可以利用的资源可能是什么。所以选择项F“These may be famus mtts that always inspire us t mve n. (这些可能是著名的座右铭，总是激励我们继续前进。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【36题详解】
挖空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面“…it can help t build ur cnfidence, help us feel mre independent, and feel better abut making decisins.(它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resurceful may nt help yu avid prblems, but thinking creatively abut hw yu can deal with them will make yu feel less stressed and mre prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”主要说的是“being resurceful”带来的好处， E选项意思就是resurcefulness 能带来很多好处。故选E。
【37题详解】
该段首句说的是“being resurceful”会对你有好处，前面两句“…it can help t build ur cnfidence, help us feel mre independent, and feel better abut making decisins.(...它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resurceful may nt help yu avid prblems, but thinking creatively abut hw yu can deal with them will make yu feel less stressed and mre prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”具体列举了“being resurceful”带来的好处，A选项：你还能知道你所擅长的是什么，对自己更加了解，也契合下一句“This can bst self-esteem, that is, hw yu feel abut yurself.这能提高自尊心。这是又一个好处，A项最符合语境。故选A。
【38题详解】
该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句“Next, think up as many slutins t the prblem as yu can.(接下来，想出尽可能多的方法来解决问题)”讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G选项：然后衡量它们的好坏，选出最佳的一个，其中them指代上一句slutins，G项填到此处最合适。故选G。
【39题详解】
上一句“And remember, if yu have a tricky prblem that yu’re unable t slve, then ask a trusted adult fr help.(记住，如果你有一个棘手的问题，你无法解决，然后向一个值得信任的成年人寻求帮助)”表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D选项意为“没有人是被期望要独自解决所有问题的”，与上文意义一致。故填D。
第三部分：单词拼写(请用一、二单元学过的单词完成，共5分)
40. Teachers shuld nt judge a student depending n persnal p________.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】prejudice##rejudice
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：教师不应该根据个人偏见来评判学生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词prejudice“偏见”，作介词宾语，不可数。故填prejudice。
41. Hearing the alarm, she d________ herself ut f bed, still half asleep(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】dragged##ragged
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：听到警报，她挣扎着起床，仍然半睡半醒。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词drag，drag neself ut f bed 意为“挣扎着起床”。结合句意可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故用过去式dragged，作谓语。故答案为dragged。
42. They bught a big huse in their hmetwn t make sure their parents culd live ________(舒服地) there.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】cmfrtably
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他们在家乡买了一所大房子，以确保他们的父母可以在那里舒适地生活。“舒服地”为副词cmfrtably，作状语，修饰动词live，故填cmfrtably。
43. Despite many i________ t his feet in his career, Liu Xiang always remained determined and fcused. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】injuries##njuries
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管在他的职业生涯中脚上多次受伤，刘翔始终保持着坚定和专注。根据空白处下文“t his feet in his career(在他的职业生涯中脚上有……)”并结合常识可知，空白处应填表示“损伤”含义的名词，根据首字母提示，以i开头且含义为“损伤”的名词为：injury，根据空白处前面的代词many可知空白处应填复数名词。故填injuries。
44. When yu are having an interview, c________ the interviewers f yur enthusiasm fr the jb will be f benefit t yu. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】cnveying##nveying
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当你在面试时，向面试官表达你对工作的热情将对你有益。根据单词首字母和句意“传达，表达”以及句子结构可知，此处应用动词cnvey，作主语，应用动名词。故填cnveying。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题，第45、46小题各2分，第47小题3分，第48小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Cmplainer
Fr years, Jane Bth’s mther made lengthy airing f cmplaints. It gt s bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality f their time tgether, s she finally spke up and helped her mther realize hw ften she cmplained. It turned ut that Jane’s interventin nt nly helped her mther-it als helped their relatinship.
Yu may nt be as direct as Jane was t her mther, but there are ther ways t get a cnstant cmplainer t end. T be effective, it helps t crrect misbeliefs abut cmplaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest mst cnsiderate peple cmplain. And cmplaining desn’t always have a negative impact. Smetimes, cmplaining can change an unfavrable situatin int a mre desirable ne. Other times, it can fster new relatinships with peple we dn’t knw well.
The prblems start when cmplaining becmes the default mde（默认模式）“When we have a need t be heard, we repeat urselves,” says Dian Killian, a life cach, “the satisfactin fr frequent cmplainers cmes frm attentin, s they are never satisfied with any suggestin t address the prblems that they highlight reslutin isn’t their aim.”
S, hw d yu quiet a cnstant cmplainer, fr the sake f yur health and his？
Change the subject. Sme cmplainers will switch gears if yu shift the cnversatin in a directin that interests them.
Summarize the cmplaint. If yur cmplainer keeps repeating himself, he may stp if yu demnstrate that yu’re listening.
Challenge the persn t act. When a cnstant cmplainer tells yu abut his latest prblem, ask nicely what he’s dne t imprve it.
Be hnest. When yu have things t d, tell the cmplainer that yu must cut the cnversatin shrt-especially if it’s smene wh’s cmplained t yu many times befre.
When smene stresses yu ut with lts f negativity, it’s imprtant t talk abut the prblem. Otherwise, if yu bttle up yur feelings and cntinue listening t repeated cmplaints, yu may grw annyed r start aviding the persn.
Remember: Quieting a cnstant cmplainer can be beneficial t bth f yu.
45. What did Jane Bth d t stp her mther cmplaining?
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46. Accrding t Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs abut cmplaining?
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47. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
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48. Yur friend has been cnstantly cmplaining abut almst everything in life. What wuld yu d t help him?（abut 40 wrds）
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【答案】45. Jane Bth spke up t her mther and helped her realize hw ften she cmplained t stp her frm making lengthy cmplaints .
46. The misbeliefs abut cmplaining are that nly negative peple cmplain and that cmplaining always has a negative impact.
47. Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
48. I wuld first listen t my friend's cmplaints and shw empathy, but then I wuld try t shift the cnversatin in a directin that interests them and challenge them t take actin n their prblems.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何安静一个经常抱怨人，并纠正了人们对抱怨的误解。抱怨并不总是负面的，有时可以改变不利情况，甚至是建立新关系，但经常抱怨会使情况更加糟糕，因为这些人从得到关注中获得满足感，解决问题并不是他们的目标。对于与经常抱怨的人交往，可以通过转移话题，重申抱怨的内容，鼓励他采取行动，并诚实地告诉他必须结束对话来处理好关系。
【45题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“It gt s bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality f their time tgether, s she finally spke up and helped her mther realize hw ften she cmplained. It turned ut that Jane’s interventin nt nly helped her mther-it als helped their relatinship.(事情变得如此糟糕，简觉得这破坏了他们相处的质量，所以她终于说了出来，帮助她母亲意识到她经常抱怨。事实证明，简的干预不仅帮助了她的母亲，也帮助了他们的关系。)”可知，Jane Bth向母亲直言不讳说出了母亲经常抱怨，破坏了他们相处的质量，由此母亲意识到自己的抱怨。故答案为Jane Bth spke up t her mther and helped her realize hw ften she cmplained t stp her frm making lengthy cmplaints .
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“In fact, even the kindest mst cnsiderate peple cmplain. And cmplaining desn’t always have a negative impact. Smetimes, cmplaining can change an unfavrable situatin int a mre desirable ne. (事实上，即使是最善良最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响。有时候，抱怨可以把一个不利的情况变成一个更可取的情况。)”可知，人们对抱怨的误解在于只有消极的人才会抱怨，抱怨总是有消极的影响。故答案为The misbeliefs abut cmplaining are that nly negative peple cmplain and that cmplaining always has a negative impact.
【47题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“the satisfactin fr frequent cmplainers cmes frm attentin, s they are never satisfied with any suggestin t address the prblems that they highlight reslutin isn’t their aim.(经常抱怨的人的满足感来自于被关注，所以他们对任何解决问题的建议都不满意，他们强调解决问题不是他们的目标。)”可知，就经常抱怨的人来说，强调解决问题的任何建议都不是他们所追求的目标，而经常抱怨的人的满足来自于被关注，让抱怨的人所说的话得到关注是寻求解决问题的一种方式。故题干中的原句“Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.(经常抱怨是人们寻求建议解决问题的一种方式。)”表述与原文不符，原文表达的信息是经常抱怨的人不是为了寻求建议解决问题，而是为了得到关注。故答案为Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“Change the subject.(改变话题。)”第六段“Summarize the cmplaint.(总结投诉。)”第七段“Challenge the persn t act.(挑战那个人去行动。)”第八段“Be hnest.(要诚实。)”第九段“it’s imprtant t talk abut the prblem.(谈论这个问题是很重要的。)”以及最后一段“Remember: Quieting a cnstant cmplainer can be beneficial t bth f yu.(记住：让老是抱怨的人安静下来对你们俩都有好处。)”可以根据文章中给出的方法来劝导朋友，言之有理即可。此处给出参考答案即我会先倾听朋友的抱怨，表现出同情，然后试着把谈话转移到他们感兴趣的方向，并挑战他们采取行动解决他们的问题。故答案为I wuld first listen t my friend's cmplaints and shw empathy, but then I wuld try t shift the cnversatin in a directin that interests them and challenge them t take actin n their prblems.
第二节 写作(共15分)
49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你正在组建关于人生规划的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你班外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任你们的导师。内容包括：
1.介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2.说明邀请原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习research-based learning
人生规划life planning
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am currently frming a research-based learning grup n life planning. The purpse f ur research is t explre the significance f life planning and hw it can help us achieve ur gals. I believe that yur expertise and experience wuld be valuable t ur grup, and we wuld be hnred if yu culd jin us as ur mentr. Yur guidance will nt nly enhance ur understanding f life planning but als inspire us t pursue ur dreams with cnfidence.
Thank yu fr cnsidering ur invitatin. We lk frward t hearing frm yu sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你正在组建关于人生规划的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你班外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任你们的导师。内容包括：1.介绍研究的具体内容和意义；2.说明邀请原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
组织：frm→rganize
重要性：significance→imprtance
提高：enhance→bst
追求：pursue →g after
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am currently frming a research-based learning grup n life planning.
拓展句：I am currently frming a research-based learning grup, which is n life planning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We lk frward t hearing frm yu sn. (运用了动名词作宾语)
[高分句型2] I believe that yur expertise and experience wuld be valuable t ur grup, and we wuld be hnred if yu culd jin us as ur mentr. (运用了that引导的宾语从句及if引导的条件状语从句)