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初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版九年级全册Section A优秀课件ppt
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这是一份初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版九年级全册Section A优秀课件ppt，文件包含人教版新目标英语九年级Unit13SectionAGrammarfocus-4c课件pptx、人教版新目标英语九年级Unit13SectionAGrammarfocus-4c精讲精练doc、环境保护mp4等3份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
1.掌握下列词汇：take part in ,affrd, turn ff, reusable, pay fr, take actin, transprtatin 掌握句型：We can’t affrd t wait any lnger t take actin!Have yu ever taken part in an envirnmental prject? 2. 通过了解谓语动词解题思路，能够复习现在进行时、现在完成时、情态动词、被动语态、used t的表意功能和用法。3.能运用目标语言谈论污染问题，能在实际情景对话中认识解决空气污染和垃圾污染的方法。
take part in 参加 affrd v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起 turn ff 关掉 reusable adj. 可重复使用的； pay fr 付费； 付出代价 take actin 采取行动transprtatin n. 运输业；交通运输
Enjy a shrt vide and anwer the questins.
1. What’s happening t the earth ?
2. What caused the pllutin？
3. What shuld we d t reduce the pllutin？
It is suffering frm pllutin.
Peple are thrwing rubbish everywhere.
Factries are putting waste int the river.
The factries that burn cal pllute the air with a lt f black smke.
The gvernment has taken actins.
Sme laws are develped t stp the pllutin.
Everyne shuld take part in saving the earth.
Take the bus r ride a bike instead f driving.
bring a bag instead f plastic bags when shpping.
Remember t thrw rubbish int the bins.
Try t put different kinds f waste int different bins.
Read the sentences and translate them.
Fill in the blanks accrding t grammar fcus.
1. We’re trying ______ ______ the earth.我们正在尽力地拯救地球。2. The river ______ _____ be s clean.河流过去常常是如此干净。3. The air ____ badly ________.空气被严重地污染了。4. N scientific studies ______ ____ that shark fins are gd fr health.没有科学研究显示鲨鱼鱼鳍对健康有益处。5. We _____ ______ save the sharks.我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。
t save
used t
is plluted
What did yu find ut?
探究一：现在进行时的结构和用法
定义：表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作，或说话者的强烈情感。
Peple are thrwing rubbish t the river.
They are playing basketball nw.
Tm is wrking n a new bk abut stries.
目前一段时间内正在进行
谓语构成：Be(am\is\are) ＋v-ing (动词的现在分词)
It’s always raining here.
说话者的强烈情感（抱怨情绪
Why are yu always cming late fr class?
He is watching a mvie nw.
I am studying Chinese n the Internet these days.
句式变化：① 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + v-ing ② 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + nt + v-ing ③ 疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + v-ing?
Is she reading a bk nw?
She is nt reading a bk nw.
She is reading a bk nw.
v.-ing形式(现在分词)的构成：
a.一般情况下，在动词词尾后加-ing。如：g → ging。b.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。如：have → having。c.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：run → running。
标志性词汇：nw, right nw, lk, listen, these days, at the mment, at present
Lk! The by is crying.
Listen! The by is singing.
He is watching a mvie nw.
1.表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。 常带有表示目前时刻的时间状语如：nw, at the (very) mment, fr the time being, at present, 及Lk! Listen! ...① Lk! The big bird is flying away. 看，那只大鸟正在飞走。 ② He is watching a mvie nw. 他现在正在看电影。
2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。Right nw I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。
3. 与always, cnstantly, frever, all the time等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意。① Yu are always changing yur mind. 你总是主意不定(太烦人了。) ② He is always helping thers. 他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人。)
4. 对于cme, g, leave, arrive, start 等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。① He is leaving n Wednesday. 他将于周三离开。 ② Mary isn’t here at the mment. She is cming later. 玛丽现在不在这儿，她一会儿来。
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 Listen! The phne __________(ring). Please g t answer it.2. — Alan, it’s late. Why nt g t bed? — Jenny hasn’t cme back yet. I ___________(wait) fr her. 3. — What’s yur father ding nw? — He __________ (write) a letter in the study.
Grup discussin
What a fine day tday! Lk! What are they ding?
探究二：used t的结构和用法
1. used t 是固定结构，是一般过去时的一种形式，后面跟___________. used t d 意为“__________”. 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不发生或不存在。 可使用于各种人称。
Did yu use t play the pian?
sb.used t d sth. 某人过去常常做某事(现在不再做了) I used t get up at six ’clck. 我以前六点钟起床。used t be + adj. 过去曾经……样The river used t be very clean.used t be + 职业名词 过去曾经当过/是… His father used t be a teacher.
2. used t 的句型变化
1) 否定句式：didn’t use t d sth. e.g. Yu didn’t use t eat chips when yu were yunger. 2) 一般疑问句式：Did + 主语 + use t d sth.? Did yu use t play the pian? 3) 附加疑问句式： …, didn’t +主语? He used t drink, didn’t he?
3. 辨析：used t d sth.; be/get used t ding sth.; be used t d sth.
used t d sth. 意为“过去常常做某事(而现在不做了)”。后接动词原形。 I used t eat prk.
be/get used t ding sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”。后接动词使用-ing形式。I’m used t riding t schl nw.
be used t d sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。这是被动结构，后接动词原形。Wd can be used t make paper.
My grandfather is used t ging fr a walk after dinner. 我爷爷习惯晚饭后去散步。
这种小刀是用来切东西的。This kind f knife are used t cut things.
探究三：被动语态的结构和用法
1. 定义：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。2. 结构：be + 过去分词 e.g. A new schl was built last year. Our classrm is cleaned every day.
3. 主动语态如何变为被动语态
小口诀： 宾变主，主变by+宾，谓语动词用被动（be+dne）,其他成分不变。
I cleaned my rm. → My rm was cleaned by me.
主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear, see, watch, ntice等）和使役动词（如make, let等）后用不带t的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号t还原。
I saw him crss the rad and enter the shp. → He was seen t crss the rad and enter the shp.
5. 各种时态的被动语态谓语构成
不同时态的被动语态结构(以动词d为例):一般现在时: am/is/are+ dne一般过去时: was/were+dne一般将来时: will be/is(/am/are) ging t be+ dne含情态动词: can/may/must...+be+dne
被动语态的基本结构：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
The Secndary Schl Entrance Exam _______ (hld) in June.
A strange nise __________ (hear) by his mther last night.
A wide rad _____________ (build) between the tw villages
will be built
Actins shuld_________(take) t prtect the earth.
a. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者，不必或不便说出动作的执行者（这时可 省掉by引导的短语）;b. 借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者
A new schl was built last year.
Tea plants are grwn in Suth China.
4. 被动语态用法:
探究四：现在完成时的结构和用法
1.定义：表示现在还存在过去发生或已经完成的动作的影响或结果; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
2. 结构: has/have + 过去分词
3. 标志词: already, yet, ever, never, just, befre, nce, twice, recently,up t nw, till nw, s far, fr+时间, since+时间点/从句, in the 。
I haven’t finished my hmewrk yet.
I have already finished reading the bk. 我已经读完这本书了。
He hasn’t called since he went t Beijing.他自从去了北京还没有打来过电话。
He has kept this bk fr tw weeks. 他借这本书两周了。
Her grandfather has been dead fr ten years.
In the past few years, great changes has taken place in Lianyungang.
4. 现在完成时的句式结构: 主语+have / has（助动词）+ dne肯定句：主语 + have / has + dne+ 其他否定句：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + dne + 其他一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + dne+ …？肯定答语：Yes, 主语 + have / has.否定答语：N, 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t.
一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如: wrk → wrked。在以e结尾的动词后只加-d。如: clse → clsed。以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-ed。如: study → studied。以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如: stp → stpped。
AAA型 put put putAAB型 beat beat beatenABA型 becme became becmeABB型 get gt gt/gttenABC型 begin began begun
6. 辨析：have been t, have gne t & have been in
have / has been t “曾经去过某地”, 现在已经不在那里了。一般与表示频率的副词或次数连用。
I have been t Beijing twice.我去过北京两次了。(已经回来)
Have yu been t Beijing befre?
have / has gne t “到某地去了”, 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中, 即说话时该人不在现场,
My mm has gne t the supermarket.我的妈妈去超市了。(人不在现场)
Jim has gne t Lndn with his family.
have been in 已在某地, 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
The Greens have been in China fr tw years.
I have been in Beijing fr tw years.
Cmplete the fllwing sentences. I _________ (be) in Beijing fr tw years.2. I _____ never _____ (hear) f that man befre.3. Tm ________________ (wrk) there since tw years ag. 4. The twins ____________ (wash) the clthes fr an hur.5. He ___________ (play) basketball since three years ag.6. Hw lng ______ Sally _______ (sing) yet?
have washed
探究五：情态动词的结构和用法
1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有: can (culd), may (might),must, need, shall (shuld), will (wuld)等。
2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加nt。个别情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。Ken can climb up the trees like a kala.Tracy culd ride a bicycle when she was five years ld.Yu mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerus.
a. 表能力: can, culd, be able t
情态动词can表示“能力”时，与be able t同义，其否定形式为can’t。can 表示现在的能力，其过去式culd表示过去的能力。
—Can yur Australian friend eat with chpsticks? — Yes, but she can’t use them well.
—Culd yur father play glf when he was yung?—N, he culdn't. But he culd play table tennis.
b. 表推测: might, culd, may, can, must, can’t (可能性依次递增)
might, may, can, must都可表示“推测”， may和must表“推测”常用语肯定句，can表“推测”常用于否定句和疑问句。
After a lng walk, the children must be very tired nw.
—I saw Lily in the supermarket this mrning.—N, it can't be her. She mved t Australia the day befre yesterday.
c. 表建议: shall, shuld, had better
Yu shuld study hard if yu want t be a scientist in the future?
Yu had better ask yur parents fr advice.
d. 表委婉的“请求；许可”: may, might, can, culd, will, wuld
当“May\Can\Culd I …”表示“请求；许可”时，culd在表示“请求；许可”时，语气更委婉。肯定回答常用“Yes,please.”\“certainly”等，否定回答常用“N, yu can’t.”等。
—May I brrw yur math bk? — Sure. Here yu are.
—Culd I watch Tv nw? — Srry. yu can't.
e. 表义务: must, need, have t
I must study hard and get gd grades.
must 意为“必须”，强调主观看法。
It's raining utside. I have t stay at hme.
have t 意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观情况
Translatin.1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。2. 首先你必须完成作业。3. 他现在不可能在家。4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。
We can’t eat in the classrm.
Yu must finish yur hmewrk first.
He can’t be at hme nw.
She must knw the answer t this questin.
Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the verbs in brackets.
Je: _____ yu ever _____ (take) part in an envirnmental prject? Ken: Yes, I have. I _______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was __________ (cnsider) the biggest clean-up prject this city______ ever ________ (have). Je: Hw many peple ________ (take) part?Ken: I ___________ (think) mre than 1,000 peple ______(cme) t help ut. Je: That’s fantastic! I guess everyne in this city is ______ (try) t imprve the envirnment. Ken: Yes, we can’t affrd t________ (wait) any lnger t take actin!
take part in sth/ding sth 参加
affrd t d sth 负担得起
take actin 采取行动
Fill in the blanks with the apprpriate mdal verbs frm the bx.
can wuld culd have t shuld must may/ might
Peple _________ think that big things__________________ be dne t save the earth. Many frget that saving the earth begins with small things. Fr example, yu ______________ save electricity by turning ff the lights when yu leave a rm. Yu _______________ als use reusable bags instead f plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that yu nw _______ pay fr plastic bags in sme stres. And instead f driving t schl r wrk, yu _______________ ride yur bike r walk. If it’s far, yu __________ take the bus. All these small things __________ add up and becme big things that ______________ imprve the envirnment. Let’s take actin nw!
shuld/have t/must
can/culd/shuld
wuld/can/culd
begin with 开始于
pay fr 付费；付出代价
add up 合计；加起来
Make a list f things that peple can d t help the envirnment and discuss yur list with yur partner.
use public transprtatin (n.交通运输); …
I think that everyne shuld use public transprtatin.
I disagree. It’s difficult fr parents with yung children t use public transprtatin…
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The ld man used _____ (be) a teacher. 2. We shuld _____ (clean) the rm every day. 3. Lk! Tm _____________ (sleep) in his rm. 4. Lts f trees _______________(plant) n the hill every year. 5. He _________ (live) here fr 20 years.
is sleeping
are planted
二、根据所给汉语完成英语句子。1. 这条河过去很干净。 The river _______ _______ _______ s clean.2. 我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。 We shuld _______ _______ the sharks. 3. 然而，很多人忘记了拯救地球从小事做起。 Hwever, many frget that saving the earth______ ____ small things. 4. 在很多商店，你不得不付塑料袋的费用 In sme stres, yu nw have t ___ _____ plastic bags.5. 我们认为每个人都应该使用公共交通工具。 We think that everyne shuld use ________ __________________.
used t be
help save
begins with
public transprtatin
1. 熟记Grammar Fcus 里面的句子。 2. 熟读Sectin B P101对应的单词； 预习课本P101，完成1a.
1.掌握下列词汇：take part in ,affrd, turn ff, reusable, pay fr, take actin, transprtatin 掌握句型：We can’t affrd t wait any lnger t take actin!Have yu ever taken part in an envirnmental prject? 2. 通过了解谓语动词解题思路，能够复习现在进行时、现在完成时、情态动词、被动语态、used t的表意功能和用法。3.能运用目标语言谈论污染问题，能在实际情景对话中认识解决空气污染和垃圾污染的方法。
take part in 参加 affrd v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起 turn ff 关掉 reusable adj. 可重复使用的； pay fr 付费； 付出代价 take actin 采取行动transprtatin n. 运输业；交通运输
Enjy a shrt vide and anwer the questins.
1. What’s happening t the earth ?
2. What caused the pllutin？
3. What shuld we d t reduce the pllutin？
It is suffering frm pllutin.
Peple are thrwing rubbish everywhere.
Factries are putting waste int the river.
The factries that burn cal pllute the air with a lt f black smke.
The gvernment has taken actins.
Sme laws are develped t stp the pllutin.
Everyne shuld take part in saving the earth.
Take the bus r ride a bike instead f driving.
bring a bag instead f plastic bags when shpping.
Remember t thrw rubbish int the bins.
Try t put different kinds f waste int different bins.
Read the sentences and translate them.
Fill in the blanks accrding t grammar fcus.
1. We’re trying ______ ______ the earth.我们正在尽力地拯救地球。2. The river ______ _____ be s clean.河流过去常常是如此干净。3. The air ____ badly ________.空气被严重地污染了。4. N scientific studies ______ ____ that shark fins are gd fr health.没有科学研究显示鲨鱼鱼鳍对健康有益处。5. We _____ ______ save the sharks.我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。
t save
used t
is plluted
What did yu find ut?
探究一：现在进行时的结构和用法
定义：表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作，或说话者的强烈情感。
Peple are thrwing rubbish t the river.
They are playing basketball nw.
Tm is wrking n a new bk abut stries.
目前一段时间内正在进行
谓语构成：Be(am\is\are) ＋v-ing (动词的现在分词)
It’s always raining here.
说话者的强烈情感（抱怨情绪
Why are yu always cming late fr class?
He is watching a mvie nw.
I am studying Chinese n the Internet these days.
句式变化：① 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + v-ing ② 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + nt + v-ing ③ 疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + v-ing?
Is she reading a bk nw?
She is nt reading a bk nw.
She is reading a bk nw.
v.-ing形式(现在分词)的构成：
a.一般情况下，在动词词尾后加-ing。如：g → ging。b.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。如：have → having。c.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：run → running。
标志性词汇：nw, right nw, lk, listen, these days, at the mment, at present
Lk! The by is crying.
Listen! The by is singing.
He is watching a mvie nw.
1.表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。 常带有表示目前时刻的时间状语如：nw, at the (very) mment, fr the time being, at present, 及Lk! Listen! ...① Lk! The big bird is flying away. 看，那只大鸟正在飞走。 ② He is watching a mvie nw. 他现在正在看电影。
2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。Right nw I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。
3. 与always, cnstantly, frever, all the time等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意。① Yu are always changing yur mind. 你总是主意不定(太烦人了。) ② He is always helping thers. 他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人。)
4. 对于cme, g, leave, arrive, start 等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。① He is leaving n Wednesday. 他将于周三离开。 ② Mary isn’t here at the mment. She is cming later. 玛丽现在不在这儿，她一会儿来。
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 Listen! The phne __________(ring). Please g t answer it.2. — Alan, it’s late. Why nt g t bed? — Jenny hasn’t cme back yet. I ___________(wait) fr her. 3. — What’s yur father ding nw? — He __________ (write) a letter in the study.
Grup discussin
What a fine day tday! Lk! What are they ding?
探究二：used t的结构和用法
1. used t 是固定结构，是一般过去时的一种形式，后面跟___________. used t d 意为“__________”. 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不发生或不存在。 可使用于各种人称。
Did yu use t play the pian?
sb.used t d sth. 某人过去常常做某事(现在不再做了) I used t get up at six ’clck. 我以前六点钟起床。used t be + adj. 过去曾经……样The river used t be very clean.used t be + 职业名词 过去曾经当过/是… His father used t be a teacher.
2. used t 的句型变化
1) 否定句式：didn’t use t d sth. e.g. Yu didn’t use t eat chips when yu were yunger. 2) 一般疑问句式：Did + 主语 + use t d sth.? Did yu use t play the pian? 3) 附加疑问句式： …, didn’t +主语? He used t drink, didn’t he?
3. 辨析：used t d sth.; be/get used t ding sth.; be used t d sth.
used t d sth. 意为“过去常常做某事(而现在不做了)”。后接动词原形。 I used t eat prk.
be/get used t ding sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”。后接动词使用-ing形式。I’m used t riding t schl nw.
be used t d sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。这是被动结构，后接动词原形。Wd can be used t make paper.
My grandfather is used t ging fr a walk after dinner. 我爷爷习惯晚饭后去散步。
这种小刀是用来切东西的。This kind f knife are used t cut things.
探究三：被动语态的结构和用法
1. 定义：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。2. 结构：be + 过去分词 e.g. A new schl was built last year. Our classrm is cleaned every day.
3. 主动语态如何变为被动语态
小口诀： 宾变主，主变by+宾，谓语动词用被动（be+dne）,其他成分不变。
I cleaned my rm. → My rm was cleaned by me.
主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear, see, watch, ntice等）和使役动词（如make, let等）后用不带t的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号t还原。
I saw him crss the rad and enter the shp. → He was seen t crss the rad and enter the shp.
5. 各种时态的被动语态谓语构成
不同时态的被动语态结构(以动词d为例):一般现在时: am/is/are+ dne一般过去时: was/were+dne一般将来时: will be/is(/am/are) ging t be+ dne含情态动词: can/may/must...+be+dne
被动语态的基本结构：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
The Secndary Schl Entrance Exam _______ (hld) in June.
A strange nise __________ (hear) by his mther last night.
A wide rad _____________ (build) between the tw villages
will be built
Actins shuld_________(take) t prtect the earth.
a. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者，不必或不便说出动作的执行者（这时可 省掉by引导的短语）;b. 借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者
A new schl was built last year.
Tea plants are grwn in Suth China.
4. 被动语态用法:
探究四：现在完成时的结构和用法
1.定义：表示现在还存在过去发生或已经完成的动作的影响或结果; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
2. 结构: has/have + 过去分词
3. 标志词: already, yet, ever, never, just, befre, nce, twice, recently,up t nw, till nw, s far, fr+时间, since+时间点/从句, in the 。
I haven’t finished my hmewrk yet.
I have already finished reading the bk. 我已经读完这本书了。
He hasn’t called since he went t Beijing.他自从去了北京还没有打来过电话。
He has kept this bk fr tw weeks. 他借这本书两周了。
Her grandfather has been dead fr ten years.
In the past few years, great changes has taken place in Lianyungang.
4. 现在完成时的句式结构: 主语+have / has（助动词）+ dne肯定句：主语 + have / has + dne+ 其他否定句：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + dne + 其他一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + dne+ …？肯定答语：Yes, 主语 + have / has.否定答语：N, 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t.
一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如: wrk → wrked。在以e结尾的动词后只加-d。如: clse → clsed。以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-ed。如: study → studied。以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如: stp → stpped。
AAA型 put put putAAB型 beat beat beatenABA型 becme became becmeABB型 get gt gt/gttenABC型 begin began begun
6. 辨析：have been t, have gne t & have been in
have / has been t “曾经去过某地”, 现在已经不在那里了。一般与表示频率的副词或次数连用。
I have been t Beijing twice.我去过北京两次了。(已经回来)
Have yu been t Beijing befre?
have / has gne t “到某地去了”, 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中, 即说话时该人不在现场,
My mm has gne t the supermarket.我的妈妈去超市了。(人不在现场)
Jim has gne t Lndn with his family.
have been in 已在某地, 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
The Greens have been in China fr tw years.
I have been in Beijing fr tw years.
Cmplete the fllwing sentences. I _________ (be) in Beijing fr tw years.2. I _____ never _____ (hear) f that man befre.3. Tm ________________ (wrk) there since tw years ag. 4. The twins ____________ (wash) the clthes fr an hur.5. He ___________ (play) basketball since three years ag.6. Hw lng ______ Sally _______ (sing) yet?
have washed
探究五：情态动词的结构和用法
1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有: can (culd), may (might),must, need, shall (shuld), will (wuld)等。
2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加nt。个别情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。Ken can climb up the trees like a kala.Tracy culd ride a bicycle when she was five years ld.Yu mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerus.
a. 表能力: can, culd, be able t
情态动词can表示“能力”时，与be able t同义，其否定形式为can’t。can 表示现在的能力，其过去式culd表示过去的能力。
—Can yur Australian friend eat with chpsticks? — Yes, but she can’t use them well.
—Culd yur father play glf when he was yung?—N, he culdn't. But he culd play table tennis.
b. 表推测: might, culd, may, can, must, can’t (可能性依次递增)
might, may, can, must都可表示“推测”， may和must表“推测”常用语肯定句，can表“推测”常用于否定句和疑问句。
After a lng walk, the children must be very tired nw.
—I saw Lily in the supermarket this mrning.—N, it can't be her. She mved t Australia the day befre yesterday.
c. 表建议: shall, shuld, had better
Yu shuld study hard if yu want t be a scientist in the future?
Yu had better ask yur parents fr advice.
d. 表委婉的“请求；许可”: may, might, can, culd, will, wuld
当“May\Can\Culd I …”表示“请求；许可”时，culd在表示“请求；许可”时，语气更委婉。肯定回答常用“Yes,please.”\“certainly”等，否定回答常用“N, yu can’t.”等。
—May I brrw yur math bk? — Sure. Here yu are.
—Culd I watch Tv nw? — Srry. yu can't.
e. 表义务: must, need, have t
I must study hard and get gd grades.
must 意为“必须”，强调主观看法。
It's raining utside. I have t stay at hme.
have t 意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观情况
Translatin.1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。2. 首先你必须完成作业。3. 他现在不可能在家。4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。
We can’t eat in the classrm.
Yu must finish yur hmewrk first.
He can’t be at hme nw.
She must knw the answer t this questin.
Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the verbs in brackets.
Je: _____ yu ever _____ (take) part in an envirnmental prject? Ken: Yes, I have. I _______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was __________ (cnsider) the biggest clean-up prject this city______ ever ________ (have). Je: Hw many peple ________ (take) part?Ken: I ___________ (think) mre than 1,000 peple ______(cme) t help ut. Je: That’s fantastic! I guess everyne in this city is ______ (try) t imprve the envirnment. Ken: Yes, we can’t affrd t________ (wait) any lnger t take actin!
take part in sth/ding sth 参加
affrd t d sth 负担得起
take actin 采取行动
Fill in the blanks with the apprpriate mdal verbs frm the bx.
can wuld culd have t shuld must may/ might
Peple _________ think that big things__________________ be dne t save the earth. Many frget that saving the earth begins with small things. Fr example, yu ______________ save electricity by turning ff the lights when yu leave a rm. Yu _______________ als use reusable bags instead f plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that yu nw _______ pay fr plastic bags in sme stres. And instead f driving t schl r wrk, yu _______________ ride yur bike r walk. If it’s far, yu __________ take the bus. All these small things __________ add up and becme big things that ______________ imprve the envirnment. Let’s take actin nw!
shuld/have t/must
can/culd/shuld
wuld/can/culd
begin with 开始于
pay fr 付费；付出代价
add up 合计；加起来
Make a list f things that peple can d t help the envirnment and discuss yur list with yur partner.
use public transprtatin (n.交通运输); …
I think that everyne shuld use public transprtatin.
I disagree. It’s difficult fr parents with yung children t use public transprtatin…
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The ld man used _____ (be) a teacher. 2. We shuld _____ (clean) the rm every day. 3. Lk! Tm _____________ (sleep) in his rm. 4. Lts f trees _______________(plant) n the hill every year. 5. He _________ (live) here fr 20 years.
is sleeping
are planted
二、根据所给汉语完成英语句子。1. 这条河过去很干净。 The river _______ _______ _______ s clean.2. 我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。 We shuld _______ _______ the sharks. 3. 然而，很多人忘记了拯救地球从小事做起。 Hwever, many frget that saving the earth______ ____ small things. 4. 在很多商店，你不得不付塑料袋的费用 In sme stres, yu nw have t ___ _____ plastic bags.5. 我们认为每个人都应该使用公共交通工具。 We think that everyne shuld use ________ __________________.
used t be
help save
begins with
public transprtatin
1. 熟记Grammar Fcus 里面的句子。 2. 熟读Sectin B P101对应的单词； 预习课本P101，完成1a.
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