鲁教版八年级英语上册第一单元学案
展开Unit 1 Could you please clean your room?
- 记住单词词义、词性、词形变换、重点用法，熟练英汉互译；
- 记住重点词组用法，熟练英汉互译，学以致用；
- 掌握委婉请求或获得允许的句型表达，熟练运用。
词汇填空
- ---Sandy, could you please take out the r________? ---No problem.
- I like to sweep the floor but I h______ to do the dishes.
- Don’t talk to me w_______ I’m working.
- I get up at six o’clock in o________ to get to school on time.
- May I b________ your pen? Mine is broken.
could用法回顾总结
- could是________动词，用于有礼貌的提出要求或请求批准，用于疑问句，代替can，在时间上与can没有区别，但语气比can委婉，有礼貌。回答时用can 不用could。
例句：请你给花浇一下水好吗？没问题。
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我可以用一下你的电话吗？不，不可以。我在等一个重要的电话。
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- could的其他用法
（1）could是______的过去式，表示________。
例句：这个男孩上学前能阅读吗？
______________________________________________________________________________
（2）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句。
例句：He couldn’t / can’t be over fifty.
（3）could表示可能性，对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。
例句：这本书可能是迈克的，他喜欢看科学书籍。
______________________________________________________________________________
【练习】
（1）---Could you please pass me the book? ---__________.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn’t C. Sure. Here you are D. No, that’s no problem
（2）---Could you please do some shopping?
---________. I have to do my homework.
- Yes, sure B. No, you can’t C. Sorry, I can’t D. Sorry, I couldn’t
Section A
- I think two hours of TV is enough for you.
【解析1】two hours of TV等表示时间、距离、金额、度量的词语作主语时，通常视作整体，谓语动词用_______形式。
【练习】Four years _______(be) really a short time.
【解析2】enough 用作__________，意为___________，常用于名词前作定语。
【练习】He has ___________________（足够的时间）to finish his work.
【解析3】enough 也可用作________，意为___________，修饰形容词或副词，须________。
【练习】He ran _________________（足够地快）to catch the bus.
【解析4】(not) ... enough to do sth. _____________________________
not ... enough to do sth. 可与_________________（太......而不能......）/ so...that...互换。
【练习】He is not old enough to go to school.（写出其同义句）
He is _________ young _______ go to school.
He is _________ young that _______________________.
2. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
【解析】if 连词，意为_______，引导_______状语从句。在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句为一般将来时，if从句通常用一般现在时表示将来，即____________原则，
同样用法的还有if的反义词___________（除非，如果不）。
【练习】 I will be very happy _______ you __________(come) to my party.
She won’t catch up with others __________ she ___________(work) harder.
3. I 'm just as tired as you are.
【解析】as...as... 意为_______________，用于同级比较。第一个as为副词，后接形容词或副词的________；第二个as为连词。否定形式是____________________，意为__________。
【练习】My son is __________________（一样高）yours.
A kangaroo can run ____________________（一样快）a bus.
Lesson 2 is ____________________________ Lesson 1. 第二课不如第一课难。
4. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
【解析1】neither +连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示_______________。
【例如】a. He doesn’t like swimming and neither do I.
b. You can’t speak Japanese and neither can I.
【解析2】neither 代词，意为____________；neither of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用______形式。 【练习】a. Neither of my parents _____(be) at home.
b. ---Would you like the red shirt or the black one?
---__________. I’d like the white one.
【解析3】neither 形容词，与单数名词连用，意为：（两者）都不的。
【例如】Neither answer is right.
【解析4】neither...nor... 意为______________，当连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与nor后主语在人称和数上保持一致，遵循_________原则。
【练习】Neither you nor she _________(be) right.
5. I finally understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.
【解析1】need 此处用作实义动词，意为_________，此时need有人称、数和时态的变化。
A. need +名词/代词 意为：需要某物
【例如】Mom needs some help with the housework.
B. need to do sth. 意为：需要做某事
【练习】In winter, you need _______________(wear) warm clothes.
C. need doing 意为：需要被做，主语常是物，与doing 所表示的动作是被动关系。
【练习】The car needs _______________(repair).
【解析2】need 还可用作情态动词，意为：需要，无时态和人称变化，常用于疑问句或否定句中，后接动词原形。
【练习】You needn’t ________(help) him.
Need I ______(do) my homework now?
【解析3】need 还可用作名词，意为：需要，必要
【例如】There is no need for her to come.
- My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.
【解析1】as soon as 意为________________，引导________状语从句
【练习】He left ____________he heard the news. 他一听到这个消息就走了。
【解析2】as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，若主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来。---主将从现
【练习】I’ll write to you as soon as I _______(get) there.
7. Could we get something to drink after the movie?
【解析1】something 为复合不定代词，意为“某事物，某东西”，常用于______句中，在
疑问句和否定句中用___________， 但在表示请求或建议的问句中用something不用anything。
【练习】①Is there __________ important in today’s newspaper? 今天报纸上有什么重要事情吗？
②Would you like ___________ to drink? 你想来点喝的吗？
【解析2】复合不定代词
something 某事，某物 | anything 任何东西 | nothing 没什么 | everything 每件事，一切 |
somebody 某人，有人 | anybody 任何人 | nobody 没有人 | everybody 人人，每人 |
someone 某人，有人 | anyone 任何人 | no one 没有人 | everyone 人人，每人 |
①复合不定代词作主语时，一律看成第三人称单数，谓语动词用_____________形式。
【练习】Something ________(be) wrong with your eyes.
②复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词与动词不定式要________。
【练习】I have____________________________（重要的事情）to tell you.
8. Could I borrow this book?
【解析1】lend/ borrow/ keep
lend | （主语）借出，非延续性动词 | John lent his book to Mary last week. |
borrow | （主语）借入，非延续性动词 | Mary borrowed the book from John last week. |
keep | 保持，保留，延续性动词 可与时间段连用 | Mary may keep the book for two weeks. |
【解析2】借给某人某物______________________/_______________________
向某人借某物_______________________
【练习】---How long may I _________ the book? ---Three weeks.
- borrow B. lend C. keep
Section B
- They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good
university.
【解析1】spend/ cost/ take/ pay
spend | 花费时间、金钱，主语为人 | She spent 50 dollars on the skirt. He spent two years (in) writing the book. |
cost | 花费金钱，主语为物 | The house cost them a lot of money. |
take | 花费时间，it 作形式主语 | It took him three weeks to finish the work. |
pay | 支付、花费金钱，主语为人 | She paid 50,000 dollars for the car. |
cost和pay花金钱，take只把时间费；既花时间又金钱，花费能手spend.
【练习】①Now parents are ______（花费）more and more money on their children’s education.
②他花了许多钱买书。______________________________________________
【解析2】in order to 意为__________，后接_____________。
【练习】为了不迟到，他五点就出发了。_____________________________________________
- It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 provide sb. with sth. 供给某人某物
【练习】他得养家糊口。___________________________________________________________
- I do not mind doing them.
【解析】mind doing sth. 介意做某事
【练习】你介意我坐在这里吗？_____________________________________________________
Of course not. /No, not at all. （不介意） Sorry, you’d better not./ Better not. （介意）
- The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
【解析】the+比较级，the+比较级 越......越......
【练习】你越努力，就会越幸运。___________________________________________________
你付出得越多，得到的就越多。_____________________________________________
综合填空 阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Hello, Li Hua! My name is Peter.
I’d like to introduce myself first. I’m a boy. I (1) l_______ in a town near the sea. It is not in the centre of England. I live with my family in a house (2) w_______ a big garden. There are eight (3) p_______ in my family. They’re my grandparents, my parents, my two sisters, my younger brother and I.
Our house is very (4) l_________. My bedroom is on the first floor. I share it with my younger brother. We often listen to music (5) i________ bed. My (6) f_________ place is the balcony(阳台). I like to sit there and look (7) o_________ at the sea. When my mother (8) c_________ meals for us in the kitchen, I often help her. There is a nice (9) l_________ room. After dinner, we like to watch TV there. It is very beautiful and quiet here. Our neighbors are (10) f_________ to us and we are happy to live here. Please write soon.
Best wishes.
一、完形填空
What do you think of doing chores? In fact, very __1__ people like doing chores around the house. __2__, we all know that people must do them. Kids who live __3__ Washington have chores to do to __4__ their family every day. The chores are different __5__ kids. Parents often show them __6__ to do different chores.
It is good for parents to __7__ their children to do chores at __8__ early age. Many parents think chores are __9__ for children--even very young ones. Children __10__ many important skills to do chores. The skills will be good for children in their lives.
( )1. | A. many | B. much | C. little | D. few |
( )2. | A. However | B. So | C. For | D. Until |
( )3. | A. on | B. with | C. for | D. in |
( )4. |
| B. help | C. hold | D. save |
( )5. | A. for | B. of | C. in | D. from |
( )6. | A. what | B. how | C. that | D. which |
( )7. | A. make | B. keep | C. teach | D. let |
( )8. | A. a | B. the | C. an | D. / |
( )9. | A. important | B. boring | C. tired | D. free |
( )10. | A. make | B. need | C. do | D. call |
二、阅读表达
Mrs. Smith has two daughters. Let's have a look at what chores they do at home.
“Alice started doing chores when she was about eight years old. At that time, she did the dishes with me together and she had to sweep the floor. She is ten years old now. She is now doing the dishes herself and has to take out the rubbish, too.”
“Amy is four and she started doing chores this July. (1)She cleans the table after dinner, and she also learns to fold her own clothes. She likes to help me sweep. I asked her to help mop (拖地), but she fell down too many times. And (2)有时候她也帮助她姐姐. Her work is usually not perfect .”
“Last week Alice got her pocket money, but lost it two days later. She didn't do her chores the next two days. She will get the money back if she can keep doing her chores every day till the end of this month.”
1. When did Alice start to do chores?
_____________________________________________________
2. What does Amy like to help her mother do?
_____________________________________________________
3. How will Alice get the pocket money back?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. 将画线句子(1)译成汉语。
_____________________________________________________
5. 将画线句子(2)译成英语。
_____________________________________________________
一、单项选择
1. This hotel doesn’t provide meals _________ guests.
A. with B. for C. to D. in
2. It’s nice of you to _________ so much time showing me around your school.
A. take B. spend C. cost D. have
3. My sister is _________. I have to look after her at home.
A. illness B. ill D. well D. good
4. He gets up early _________ catch the first bus.
A. in order that B. in order to C. so that D. such that
5. Mike borrowed a ruler _________ me just now.
A. to B. from C. of D. with
6. ---Could I borrow your dictionaries? ---Of course, you __________.
A. can B. could C. should D. must
二、根据汉语意思补全句子
1. The company ___________ （提供）us with 3000 dollars in 2012.
2. ---Can you go for a picnic as planned? ---It _________ ______ （取决于）the weather.
3. Playing computer games is ________ ________ ________ _________（浪费时间）.
4. ________ ________ ________ （为了）catch the first bus to the Great Wall, we started early.
5. He didn’t work hard; _______ _______ ________（结果）, he failed his exam.
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. When did you finish _________(write) the book?
2. He _________ (reply) with a short note yesterday.
3. Would you mind ________ (turn) down the radio? It’s too noisy.
4. Our teacher is a man of __________(fair).
5. Could you please ________ (open) the window? It’s too hot here.
6. We should learn to be ________________(independence).
7. China and India are ________________(develop) countries.
四、翻译下列句子
1. 你做家庭作业好吗？
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- 你最好不要过分依赖父母。
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- 他们花了一百万美元建这座桥。
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- 莉莉和露西一样高。
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- 他不喜欢游泳，我也不喜欢。
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