外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习26 ：选择性必修2 Unit 2　Improving yourself （含解析）

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选择性必修第二册　Unit 2　Improving yourself

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

Stand in line at any grocery store or sit in any hospital waiting room, and you see people staring at their phones, probably catching up on news or just relieving their boredom. This seems harmless enough. But could being on our phones affect our 1. ________ (able) to connect with the people around us? 2. ________ new study aimed to answer that question.

Researcher Kostadin Kushlev and his colleagues asked pairs of college students, 3. ________ were strangers to each other, 4. ________ (come) into a small lab waiting room — either with or without their phones. They were told that the researchers were running a bit late and they needed to wait. While waiting, their faces were 5. ________ (secret) videotaped. Afterwards, the students 6. ________ (report) how they felt and how much they interacted (互动) with the other participants, if any.

The researchers studied videotapes of the faces of pairs who interacted, 7. ________ (measure) how often they smiled. The 8. ________ (result)? People with phones exhibited fewer smiles overall. They spent 30% less of the time smiling 9. ________ people without phones, signalling less interest in connection with others. What's more, thirty­two participants with phones didn't interact at all in the waiting room. These findings show that using phones in public 10. ________ (affect) one's interaction with others. Consequently, cellphones should be used wisely.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员通过研究发现，经常使用手机会影响人与人之间交流的能力。

1. ability　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作affect的宾语，且其前有our修饰，应用名词形式，故填ability。

2. A　考查冠词。study意为“研究”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一项新的研究”，应用不定冠词。

3. who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰指人的先行词students，并在从句中作主语，应用who引导该从句。

4. to come　考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，故填to come。

5. secretly　考查词性转换。设空处修饰谓语were videotaped，应用副词，故填secretly。

6. reported　考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境及句意可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。

7. measuring　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语studied，设空处于谓语之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词形式。measure与主语The researchers之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故填measuring。

8. results　考查名词的单复数。result意为“结果”，为可数名词，根据下文中的介绍可知，此处指不止一个结果，应用复数形式。

9. than　考查介词。根据句意和句中的less可知，此处表示比较意义，故填than。

10. affects　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在从句中作谓语，从句主语为动名词短语using phones in public，为单数概念，谓语应用单数形式，再根据主句谓语show的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填affects。

B

Do you have a fear of public speaking? For the longest time, I had such kind of fear. It's common. In fact, various scientific reports have shown that the fear of speaking in public 1. ________ (rank) higher than the fear of 2. ________(die). This may sound a bit extreme to many of you but 3. ________ you get nervous and sweat like crazy just at the thought of speaking in front of people, then you probably know that the fear is somewhat understandable.

I remember I used to fear public speaking. My legs would get weak as I 4. ________(walk) to the front of the audience. I would avoid eye contact unless I found someone with a 5. ________ (smile) face. Then I would just stare at that person for 6. ________ whole speech.

Have you experienced these things? They are not 7. ________ (exact) good experiences. I will share my experiences in overcoming fear of public speaking. The most important thing is to practise. You can do this 8. ________ joining such kind of clubs. If that's not possible, then just practise doing speeches in front of anyone, even yourself in the mirror or an imaginary audience. Volunteer 9. ________ (do) short speeches whenever you can get the chance. The more you do it, the 10. ________ (easy) it will become.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在公开场合我们都会恐惧讲话，本文作者分享了克服演讲恐惧的经验。

1. is ranked　考查动词的时态和语态。本句的主语是the fear of speaking，与谓语rank之间是被动关系，根据上下文可知，应使用一般现在时。故填is ranked。

2. death　考查名词。the fear of后跟名词，die是动词，其名词形式为death。故填death。

3. if　考查连词。句意：对很多人来说，这可能听起来有点极端，但如果你一想到要在众人面前讲话就紧张得拼命冒汗的话，那么你可能知道这种恐惧是可以理解的。根据句意可知，本句应用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。

4. walked　考查动词的时态。句意：我记得我曾经害怕公开演讲。当我走到观众前面时，我的腿就会发软。根据句意可知，讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填walked。

5. smiling　考查非谓语动词。设空后的face是名词，应用形容词修饰，因此应用所给动词的现在分词形式作定语。故填smiling。

6. the　考查冠词。the whole speech指的是整个演讲。故填the。

7. exactly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰形容词good，应用副词形式。故填exactly。

8. by　考查介词。句意：你可以通过参加这样的俱乐部来做这件事。根据句意及空格后面的joining可知，此处应用介词。故填by。

9. to do　考查非谓语动词。volunteer to do sth.“自愿做某事”。故填to do。

10. easier　考查形容词的比较级。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“……越……，……就越……”。故填easier。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 促使她成功的原因，与其说是她的聪明，倒不如说是她的努力工作。(more... than...)

It was more hard work than cleverness that led to her success.

2. 正是因为做兼职工作，大学生们才能获得社会经验，开阔视野。(强调句型)

It is because of doing part­time jobs that college students can gain social experience and broaden their horizons.

3. 随着高考的临近，我们压力很大。(with复合结构)

With the College Entrance Examination approaching, we are under great stress.

4. 面对困难时，他们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。(face)

①Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out.(过去分词短语作状语)

②Facing difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out.(现在分词短语作状语)

③In (the) face of difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out.(介词短语)

5. 我们可以相信他今天能完成工作。(rely on)

①We can rely on him to finish the work today.

②We can rely on it that he can finish the work today.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Essentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological (按时间计算的) age, how old the calendar says you are, and a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.

“Chronological age isn't how old we really are. It's merely a number，” said Professor David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan (寿命). We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one．”

To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine bio­markers that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and immune measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm (算法) does the rest.

Perhaps what's most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren't set in stone，” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it's too late.”

Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always considered myself a very healthy person. I'm physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake­up call，” she said.

Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic diseases，” Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.”

1. Biological age depends on ________．

A. what the calendar says about our age

B. when we start to take outdoor exercise

C. whether we can adapt ourselves to the environment

D. how well our body works compared with our peers'

2. What does the author mean by saying the underlined part in Paragraph 2?

A. We are chronologically older than last year.

B. We might be less happy than the previous year.

C. We don't have to celebrate our birthday every year.

D. We may be biologically younger than the year before.

3. What does the author want to tell us by Levine's example in Paragraph 5?

A. It is necessary to change our diet regularly.

B. The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems.

C. Waking up early in the morning is good for our fitness.

D. The test results may give us wrong information.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Bio­markers Can Make Us Younger

B. Chronological Age and Biological Age

C. Old People Can Still Be Engaged in Society

D. Biological Age Can Lag Behind or Exceed Chronological

Age

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。我们的生理年龄可能会因为我们的基因、饮食、运动量以及所处的环境不同，而落后于或者超过实际年龄。

1. D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels”可知，生物年龄取决于我们的身体与同龄人相比有多好。故选D。

2. D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one．”和常识可知，过生日插生日蜡烛指的是生理年龄的增长，由此判断出，第二段画线部分是指我们的生理年龄可能比前一年年轻。故选D。

3. B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She was surprised by the results.”和“But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be.”可推知，作者通过Levine的例子告诉我们这个算法可以揭示我们潜在的健康问题。故选B。

4. D　标题归纳题。通读全文以及第二段中的“Chronological age isn't how old we really are. It's merely a number”和“We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in.”可知，我们的生理年龄可能会因为我们的基因、饮食、运动量以及所处的环境不同而落后于或者超过实际年龄。故选D。

Ⅱ. 应用文写作

(2020·湖北黄冈模拟)假定你是李华，你班交换生Jim将要参加“学在中国”留学生汉语演讲比赛，发邮件向你咨询。请你用英语给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：

1. 推荐一个演讲话题；

2. 说明推荐的理由；

3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear Jim，

I am very glad to have received your email and I know that you'll take part in the “Studying in China” Speech Contest. I'd like to give you some practical suggestions.

I recommend that you talk about the courses on traditional Chinese culture you've attended. The major reason is that they introduce the real treasure in human history.

To do it well, I think you should choose impressive examples to gain the recognition of the judges. Moreover, you have to practise your spoken Chinese to express yourself more clearly and fluently. I really hope my advice will be helpful. Wish you a great success.

Yours，

Li Hua