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山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高三英语上学期11月期中试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高三英语上学期11月期中试题（Word版附解析），共24页。
高三年级考试
英语试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the man hand in his paper?
A. This morning. B. This afternoon. C. This evening.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A public service. B. A restaurant. C. The man’s friend.
3. What is the man probably going to do?
A. Go buy a map. B. Have his car repaired. C. Go on a trip.
4. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Wait for the delivery. B. Make a phone call. C. Check on the order.
5. What is the woman related to Mr. Collins?
A. His manager. B. His client. C. His secretary.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What does the woman dislike?
A. Sailing. B. Fishing. C. Swimming.
7. Where would the speakers like to stay for the nights during the trip?
A. In a hotel. B. In a cabin. C. In a tent.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. What does the man probably do?
A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A scientist.
9. Why did the woman go to Florida?
A. To study biology. B. To go on holiday. C. To learn to dive.
10. What would the man prefer to do in Florida in February?
A. See different animals. B. Swim in the sea. C. Have a sunbath.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. Why does the man call the woman?
A. To get some directions to her office.
B. To confirm the meeting place.
C. To ask her to pick him up.
12. How much does it cost the man by taxi?
A. About $5. B. About $20. C, About $30.
13. What time will the speakers have a meeting?
A. At 2:30. B. At 3:00. C. At 3:30.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。
14. How does Joanna feel?
A. Tired. B. Happy. C. Anxious.
15. Why does Joanna want to make breakfast?
A. To practise cooking. B. To pay back her mum. C. To look after her sick mum.
16. What can we know about Joanna?
A. She has got married.
B. She can get up early every day.
C. She loves her father more than her mother.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did the man study in university?
A. Law. B. Medicine. C. Economics.
18. What fruit has something in common with cocoa beans?
A. Apples. B. Bananas. C. Grapes.
19. What is the most difficult part of making chocolate?
A. Melting it correctly. B. Cooling it in time. C. Testing it regularly.
20. What is the speaker’s key to success?
A. Growing high-quality cocoa beans.
B. Keeping a diary of his experiments.
C. Trying to test various chocolate.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Visiting the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Address 1000 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028
Hours Sunday-Tuesday and Thursday: 10 am-5 pm
Friday and Saturday: 10 am-9 pm
Wednesday: Closed
General Admission Prices
$25 for adults; $17 for seniors; $12 for students.
Free for members and children under 12.
Three Membership Possibilities
*$110 per year: membership for one adult and free admission for one guest per visit.
*$210 per year: membership for two adults and free admission for two guests per visit.
*$600 per year: membership for two adults and free admission for four guests per visit.
Join today and take a free guest or free guests on every visit, and enjoy special access to new exhibitions, discounts on shopping, and so on.
Group Visits
Advance reservations are required for all adult and student groups of 10 or more, and for any third- party guided tour, regardless of size.
In addition, we ask that all groups visiting the museum follow the guidelines below:
*Membership and other discounts do not apply to group admission.
*All individuals lecturing in the galleries must make a request for a lecture badge (徽章). A lecture badge is only available to groups that have made a reservation in advance.
*The staff of the museum lecturing in the galleries have the right to be given attention first.
Please give way to tours and programs led by the museum.
*Lecturing is not allowed in special exhibitions.
If you have questions, please contact us at mettours@metmuseum.org.
1. When can a person visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art normally?
A. At 3 pm on Monday. B. At 9 am on Friday.
C. At 10 am on Wednesday. D. At 8 pm on Tuesday.
2. How much will a non- member couple with their 11-year-old son pay?
A. $67. B. $50. C. $25 D. $37.
3. Which guideline should group visits follow?
A. Lecturing is allowed in any exhibition.
B. Membership applys to group admission.
C. A lecture badge is available to all groups.
D. Any third- party guided tour should book in advance.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了参观Metropolitan艺术博物馆的相关要求和须知。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Hours”项下内容“Sunday-Tuesday and Thursday: 10 am-5 pm (周日至周二和周四：上午10点至下午5点)”可知在周一下午3点是可以去参观Metropolitan艺术博物馆的；故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“General Admission Prices”项下内容“$25 for adults; $17 for seniors; $12 for students./ Free for members and children under 12. (成人25美元；老年人17美元；学生12美元。/会员及12岁以下儿童免费。)”可知对于非会员来说，一对夫妇需要50美元，11岁的儿童是免费的；故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Group Visits”项下内容“Advance reservations are required for all adult and student groups of 10 or more, and for any third- party guided tour, regardless of size. (所有10人或以上的成人和学生团，以及任何第三方导游团，无论人数多少，都必须提前预订。)”可知任何第三方导游团无论人数多少，都必须提前预订；故选D项。
B
I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree.
It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls of you, your children, your neighbors and those living near. Patio (露台) umbrellas are a must while dining in the garden beginning in early August, and because of the volume of fruit this season, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden.
The black walnut also releases a chemical through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed.
What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area. Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and biodiverse environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress.
Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it. Trees are home to numerous birds and insect species and are essential for keeping our environment balanced.
I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year singing their songs before Dawn. Every spring, I wonder what the season holds: What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing? Like any good relationship, I’ll never be pleased. I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut offers a home to wildlife and a reminder that acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be.
4. Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden?
A. To protect her injured skull. B. To protect herself against sunburn.
C. To avoid getting stung by bees. D. To avoid being hit by the walnut fruits.
5. What is the walnut tree’s competitive strategy to grow?
A. To attract beneficial pollinators.
B. To release harmful gas through the leaves.
C. To produce a chemical that may kill other plants.
D. To compete for nutrition with other plants.
6. What mainly prevented the author from removing the tree?
A. Its long history. B. Its various benefits.
C. Its huge and heavy trunk. D. Its popularity in the community.
7. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. Loving trees. B. Fighting nature.
C. Protecting plants. D. Understanding nature.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者家后院的一颗黑胡桃树，向我们揭露了树木对于生态环境的重要性，虽然作者总是担心会被这棵树掉下来的果实砸到头，但还是选择接受这棵树，没有将其移除，因为作者知道这棵树对生态环境的价值是很大的，所以他选择接受，而不是反抗，这是对大自然的理解。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree. (我和一棵黑胡桃树有18年爱恨交加的关系)”可知，作者是在讲述一颗黑胡桃树；根据文章第二段“It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls of you, your children, your neighbors and those living near. Patio (露台) umbrellas are a must while dining in the garden beginning in early August, and because of the volume of fruit this season, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden. (这是一棵独特的树。在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的果实掉落，威胁着你、你的孩子、你的邻居和住在附近的人的头骨。从8月初开始，在花园里吃饭时，露台伞是必须的，因为这个季节果实多，我在花园里工作时戴着头盔)”可知，这个季节果实产量多，胡桃掉下来的话可能会砸到头。由此可知，作者在花园里工作时带头盔是为了避免被掉下来的胡桃果实砸到。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The black walnut also releases a chemical through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed. (黑胡桃还通过根部释放一种化学物质，这是一种竞争策略。它对几种常见植物有毒。我带了很多新的植物品种回家，希望黑核桃能接受它们，但它们失败了)”可知，黑胡桃树的竞争策略是通过释放一种有毒的化学物质，来毒杀其他植物。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it. Trees are home to numerous birds and insect species and are essential for keeping our environment balanced. (我有没有想过摆脱后院这个巨大的痛苦？是的，然而，摆脱这棵树几乎是不可能的。它也受法律保护。树木对于城市森林以及所有居住在这里的人们都很重要。树木是许多鸟类和昆虫物种的家园，对保持我们的环境平衡至关重要)”可知，作者也想过要摆脱这棵树，但是这棵有很多益处，对城市森林和居住在这里的人们都很重要，也是鸟类和昆虫的家园，对保护环境平衡很重要，所以这是阻止作者移除这棵树的原因。故选B项。
【7题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了作者家后院的一颗黑胡桃树，向我们揭露了树木对于生态环境的重要性，虽然作者总是担心会被这棵树掉下来的果实砸到头，但还是选择接受这棵树，没有将其移除，因为作者知道这棵树对生态环境的价值是很大的，所以他选择接受，而不是反抗，这是对大自然的理解；故选项D“Understanding nature (理解自然)”适合作为本文标题。故选D项。
C
Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world.
The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical Compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. The project was launched by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow water and they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. The material comes from the breakdown of manufactured plastic products and industrial waste.
The team said the robots can be controlled by light. Turning “a near-infrared light laser” on and off causes the fish’s tail to move back and forth, the American Chemical Society said. The robotic fish can swim up to 2.76 body lengths per second. The researchers said this is faster than most similar soft robots. Wang Yuyan was a member of Sichuan University’s research team. She told Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. The fish can take in different kinds of microplastics and even repair itself when damaged, the researchers said. And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added. Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease.
8. Why has a robotic fish been created?
A. To remove disease in people. B. To clean up pollution in oceans.
C. To remove unwanted materials in body. D. To remove microplastic particles in water.
9. What will happen to the robotic fish when eaten by a real fish?
A. It will be harmless. B. It will repair itself.
C. It will take in microplastics. D. It will collect microplastics.
10. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The purpose of the robotic fish.
B. The function of the robotic fish.
C. A further introduction of the robotic fish.
D. Potential application of the robotic fish.
11. What is Wang Yuyan’s attitude to the future use of the robotic fish?
A. Pessimistic. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Suspicious.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对科学家们新开发出的一种可以清除水中微塑料颗粒的机器鱼进行了相关介绍。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world. (中国科学家表示，他们已经开发出一种机器鱼，可以从水中清除微塑料颗粒。从事该项目的研究人员表示，机器人可以帮助清理世界各地海洋中的塑料污染。)”可知发明机器鱼是为了清除水中的微塑料颗粒；故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added. (研究小组补充说，如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃了，它可以安全地消化这些物质。)”可知如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃下去了，也能安全地被真鱼所消化，不会产出有害的物质，即也是无害的；故选A项。
【10题详解】
文章大意题。根据文章第二段“The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical Compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. The project was launched by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow water and they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. The material comes from the breakdown of manufactured plastic products and industrial waste. (这种自动游泳者大约1.3厘米长。它们是由一种柔软的化合物构成的。这些机器人被设计成在水中移动时吸收微塑料。该项目是由位于中国西南部的四川大学的一个团队发起的。研究人员表示，机器人已经在浅水区表现良好，他们计划在深水区进行更多测试。科学家们在《纳米快报》的一项新研究中报告了他们的发现。这份报告来自美国化学学会，这是一个由美国国会支持的非营利组织。这种机器鱼的目标是小于5毫米的塑料微粒。研究证实，在许多自然环境中都发现了微塑料污染。这种材料来自于人造塑料制品和工业废料的分解。)”可知本段介绍了这种机器鱼的构造、用途、目标以及在水下的工作表现，故本段主要是对这种机器鱼进行了进一步的介绍；故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“She told Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. (她告诉路透社，这种小巧轻便的机器人目前正被用于收集微塑料用于研究目的。但是王补充说，研究小组计划扩大这种应用，这样机器鱼就可以从深海区域移除大量的微塑料废物。)”可知王玉燕说研究小组计划扩大这种轻便机器人的应用，让这种机器鱼从深海区域移除微塑料废物，故推知她对于这种机器鱼是抱有积极态度的，要不然不会说计划扩大其应用；根据文章最后一句“Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease. (王说，可以开发类似的机器人，放置在人体内去除无用的物质或疾病。)”可知王提出进一步的设想，即开发类似的机器人，说明她还是很看好这种机器鱼的；综上所述，王玉燕对于这种机器鱼是持有积极、肯定态度的；故选B项。
D
A strong hit to the head will normally give you a concussion (脑震荡). Woodpeckers (啄木鸟), however, strike their beaks into trees thousands of times a day and are perfectly fine.
We used to think that a woodpecker’s skull worked as a kind of safety helmet which absorbed the shocks. A new study by Sam Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, proved that this “common sense” was in fact false.
Van Wassenbergh and his colleagues argued that, if a woodpecker’s head absorbed the force, it would not be able to strike the tree with enough force.
“If the beak absorbed much of its own impact, the unfortunate bird would have to pound even harder,” they said in their paper. In other words, if the theory were true, the woodpecker would have to peck even harder to compensate for both the shock-absorbing qualities of the sponge-like bone inside its skull as well as the density of the wood.
The scientists recorded four different kinds of woodpeckers in zoos as they were pecking. The team used data from their high-speed recordings to build digital models of the woodpeckers. Van Wassenbergh described the woodpeckers’ motion as “a hammer hitting wood” since their movement appeared rigid and focused.
The research suggested that woodpeckers don’t have any shock-absorbing device or the ability to reduce the amount of force. Although they are without “helmets”, the team claimed that the woodpeckers’ tiny size and weight protect them.
A woodpecker’s brain is about 700 times smaller than that of a human. “Smaller animals can withstand higher decelerations (减速). Think about a fly that hits a window and then just flies back again,” Van Wassenbergh said. “So that is why even the hardest hits we observed are not expected to cause any concussion.”
12. What was the “common sense” about woodpeckers?
A. They can withstand slight concussions.
B Their beaks can spread the shocks they produce.
C. Their heads are able to reduce the force.
D. Their bodies are soft enough to absorb the force.
13. Which can replace the underlined words “compensate for” in paragraph 4?
A. Make up for. B. Improve. C. Get rid of D. Remove.
14. What does Van Wassenbergh’s experiment prove?
A. The shock absorber theory is mostly correct.
B. How woodpeckers peck depends on their type.
C. Density of the wood affects a woodpecker's pecking force.
D. Woodpeckers do not have special safety devices.
15. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. An information booklet. B. A science magazine.
C. An observation diary. D. An advertisement.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以一项研究成果为依据向我们揭露了啄木鸟其实并不是我们过去认为的那样，头部有减震装置或减少力量的能力，并且得出了是因为它们微小的体型和体重使得它们可以承受撞击。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We used to think that a woodpecker’s skull worked as a kind of safety helmet which absorbed the shocks. A new study by Sam Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, proved that this “common sense” was in fact false. (我们过去一直认为啄木鸟的头骨可以作为一种安全头盔，可以缓冲冲击力。比利时Antwerp大学的研究人员Sam Van Wassenbergh的一项新研究证明，这种“普遍认识”实际上是错误的。)”可知我们过去对于啄木鸟的普遍认识是它的头骨可以作为一种安全头盔，可以缓冲冲击力，即它们的头可以减少冲击的力量；故选C项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第四段““If the beak absorbed much of its own impact, the unfortunate bird would have to pound even harder,” they said in their paper. In other words, if the theory were true, the woodpecker would have to peck even harder to compensate for both the shock-absorbing qualities of the sponge-like bone inside its skull as well as the density of the wood. (他们在论文中说：“如果鸟嘴吸收了自己的大部分冲击力，这只不幸的鸟将不得不更用力地撞击。”换句话说，如果这个理论是正确的，啄木鸟将不得不更加用力地啄，以弥补其头骨内海绵状骨头的减震特性和木头的密度。)”可知，如果啄木鸟自己吸收大部分冲击力的话，将不得不更用力地啄，因为力的作用是相互的，而其头骨内海绵状骨头的减震特性减少了这种力量，使得它无法以足够的力量击中树；木头的密度越大，啄的时候所需要的冲击力就越大，就越能击中树，所以如果啄木鸟自己吸收大部分冲击力的话，必须以更大的力量来弥补其头骨的减震特性所导致的冲击力减弱，犹如弥补增加木材密度那样，使得相互作用的冲击力增大；故推知划线短语“compensate for”的意思是“弥补”；故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The research suggested that woodpeckers don’t have any shock-absorbing device or the ability to reduce the amount of force. Although they are without “helmets”, the team claimed that the woodpeckers’ tiny size and weight protect them. (研究表明，啄木鸟没有任何减震装置或减少力量的能力。尽管它们没有“头盔”，但研究小组声称，啄木鸟微小的体型和体重保护了它们。)”可知研究表明，啄木鸟没有任何减震装置或减少力量的能力，也没有所谓的安全“头盔”，即它们没有特殊的安全装置；故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章以一项研究成果为依据向我们揭露了啄木鸟其实并不是我们过去认为的那样，头部有减震装置或减少力量的能力，并且得出了是因为它们微小的体型和体重使得他们可以承受撞击，这是基于科学研究的基础上得出的结论，故推知这篇文章出自于一篇科学杂志；故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For years, friendship in America has been in decline. ____16____ Friendship can be an important factor in well-being, while loneliness can be associated with depression and anxiety or heart disease and stroke. Julianne, a professor of psychology, said, “____17____”
While she admits there aren’t many studies that have specifically tackled the question of how many friends people should have, somewhere between three and six close friends may be the sweet spot. ____18____ Another study found middle-aged women who had three or more friends tended to have higher levels of satisfaction.
____19____ Loneliness is a sort of signal or alarm system. Everyone feels lonely from time to time, but this is a deeper question about whether you regularly feel left out or isolated. One recent survey suggested that roughly one in three Americans have experienced “serious loneliness”. It also helps to ask yourself if there are parts of your identity that feel restricted.
However, making friends in adulthood isn’t always easy. Research shows people struggle with it because they find it difficult to trust new people and because they are simply short of time. For those reasons, it is often easier to start by restarting old relationships. Take action and don’t assume that friendships just happen organically. ____20____ Dr. Hall’s research suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop. Quantity and quality go hand-in-hand. Your personality and the characteristics of your life are going to make a difference, so try to make some close friends.
A. Friendship is very important to people.
B. How can you tell if you need more friends?
C. Loneliness is as harmful to health as smoking.
D. What do you need to make more friends?
E. The trend has been accelerated during the pandemic.
F. The amount of time you spend with your friends matters, too.
G. One study showed people having six or more friends have better health.
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. G 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们揭露了朋友重要性，表明了孤独的危害，同时道出了成年后交朋友并不总是那么容易的原因。
【16题详解】
上文“For years, friendship in America has been in decline. (多年来，美国的友谊一直在衰退。)”在讲述美国的友谊一直在衰退；下文“Friendship can be an important factor in well-being, while loneliness can be associated with depression and anxiety or heart disease and stroke. (友谊可能是幸福的一个重要因素，而孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关。)”在讲述友谊的益处；选项E“The trend has been accelerated during the pandemic. (在疫情期间，这一趋势有所加速。)”在讲述美国友谊衰退这一趋势在加速，因为在疫情期间，人们通常是呆在家里的，这更加不利于友谊的发展，故本句承接了上文所述内容，是对上文内容的补充，同时引出下文对于友谊重要性的阐述；故选项E符合语境；故选E项。
【17题详解】
前文“Friendship can be an important factor in well-being, while loneliness can be associated with depression and anxiety or heart disease and stroke. (友谊可能是幸福的一个重要因素，而孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关。)”在讲述友谊的重要性，同时提出孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关；上文“Julianne, a professor of psychology, said (心理学教授Julianne 说)”表明了空处是Julianne说的话；选项C“Loneliness is as harmful to health as smoking. (孤独和抽烟一样对健康有害。)”也是在讲述孤独的坏处，与前文所述主旨一致，都意在表明孤独的危害；故选项C符合语境；故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“While she admits there aren’t many studies that have specifically tackled the question of how many friends people should have, somewhere between three and six close friends may be the sweet spot. (虽然她承认，没有多少研究专门处理人们应该有多少朋友的问题，但3到6个亲密朋友可能是最佳选择。)”在讲述人们拥有3至6个亲密朋友可能是最佳选择；下文“Another study found middle-aged women who had three or more friends tended to have higher levels of satisfaction. (另一项研究发现，有三个或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的满意度。)”在讲述有三个或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的满意度；选项G“One study showed people having six or more friends have better health. (一项研究表明，有六个或更多朋友的人身体更健康。)”在讲述有六个或更多朋友的人身体更健康，与上下文主旨一致，都是对人们到底该有多少朋友的问题的研究探讨；故选项G符合语境；故选G项。
【19题详解】
下文“Loneliness is a sort of signal or alarm system. Everyone feels lonely from time to time, but this is a deeper question about whether you regularly feel left out or isolated. One recent survey suggested that roughly one in three Americans have experienced “serious loneliness”. (孤独是一种信号或警报系统。每个人都会时不时地感到孤独，但这是一个关于你是否经常感到被冷落或孤立的更深层次的问题。最近的一项调查显示，大约三分之一的美国人经历过“严重的孤独”。)”在讲述与孤独相关的内容，提到了是不是经常感到被冷落或孤立，因为缺少朋友才会经常感到孤独，言外之意，如果经常感到孤独，那说明你就是缺朋友了，故本段主要讲述了怎样判断自己是否需要更多朋友；选项B“How can you tell if you need more friends (你怎么知道你是否需要更多的朋友)”提到怎样知道你是否需要更多的朋友，引出了下文对于是否需要更多朋友判断依据的表述，故选项B符合语境；故选B项。
【20题详解】
上文“However, making friends in adulthood isn’t always easy. Research shows people struggle with it because they find it difficult to trust new people and because they are simply short of time. For those reasons, it is often easier to start by restarting old relationships. Take action and don’t assume that friendships just happen organically. (然而，成年后交朋友并不总是那么容易。研究表明，人们在这方面很挣扎，因为他们发现很难信任新人，因为他们只是时间不够。出于这些原因，通常更容易从重新开始旧的关系为开始。采取行动，不要以为友谊是自然产生的。)”在讲述人们因为交往时间短而不信任新人，往往又重新开始旧的关系；下文“Dr. Hall’s research suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop. (Hall的研究表明，一般来说，非常亲密的友谊往往需要大约200个小时才能建立起来。)”在讲述非常亲密的友谊往往需要大约200个小时才能建立起来；选项F“The amount of time you spend with your friends matters, too. (和朋友在一起的时间也很重要) ”在讲述和朋友在一起的时间也很重要，承接了上文所述内容，同时引出下文拿出具体研究结果为依据来对空处所述内容的论证；故选项F符合语境；故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“Believe in yourself, and there will come a day when others will have no choice but to believe with you.”
一Cynthia Kersey
Enur Pakashtica has been a(n) ____21____ to the young generation as he has developed ____22____ over the years to push his limits. Born into a poor family in 1994, Pakashtica has been singing since the age of six. As he ____23____ for the other kids in school for events, it built his self-esteem (自尊) and helped him ____24____ his confidence. Pakashtica is a singer and producer, who has used his skills to ____25____ the world with his passion and commitment. Pakashtica has ____26____ more than 15 songs and joined forces with artists such as Adrian Caxha for the remake of the song “Ajshe.”
Pakashtica officially started his ____27____ when he was 12, and since then, he has never ____28____. As he performed on TV in front of thousands of people, he made it to the Top Ten, which gathered ____29____ and built his will to achieve more and more. There is _______30_______ that can hold a person back if they have the _______31_______ attitude, and Pakashtica has been channeling positivity throughout his life. Pakashtica has taken part in Season 2 of X Factor Albania, where he reached the semifinals and performed _______32_______.
Pakashtica follows a _______33_______: “People who want to succeed have to _______34_______ between whether they want to go far or fast. If you want to go far— be yourself, never _______35_______, and if you want to go fast, and go down fast, fake it till you make it.”
21. A. inspiration B. joke C. image D. lesson
22. A. mind B. wealth C. business D. confidence
23. A. danced B. performed C. made a speech D. raised money
24. A. sustain B. lose C. lack D. regain
25. A. shape B. puzzle C. move D. control
26. A. copied B. collected C. created D. adapted
27. A. career B. school C. company D. service
28. A. looked back B. calmed down C. turned up D. signed up
29. A. feedback B. envy C. sympathy D. appreciation
30. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
31. A. correct B. critical C. aggressive D. casual
32. A. patiently B. perfectly C. helplessly D. proudly
33. A. policy B. regulation C. belief D. requirement
34. A. choose B. abandon C. hesitate D. struggle
35. A. challenge B. adventure C. wander D. change
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了歌手兼创作者Pakashtica获得成功的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Enur Pakashtica一直激励着年轻一代，因为多年来他建立了超越自己极限的信心。A. inspiration激励；B. joke玩笑；C. image想象；D. lesson教训。根据“to push his limits.”可知，Enur Pakashtica超越自己的极限，这是积极的一面，努力超越自己极限的人是会给别人起到激励作用的；故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Enur Pakashtica一直激励着年轻一代，因为多年来他建立了超越自己极限的信心。A. mind思想；B. wealth财富；C. business商业；D. confidence信心。由后文“it built his self-esteem (自尊) and helped him ____4____ his confidence.”可知，经过数年，他拥有超越自己极限的信心。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词和短语辨析。句意：当他因活动在学校为其他孩子表演时，他建立了自尊，并帮助他保持自信。A. danced跳舞；B. performed表演；C. made a speech作演讲；D. raised money筹钱。由上文“Pakashtica has been singing since the age of six.”可知他六岁起就开始唱歌，故推知本处是他为其他孩子表演。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他因活动在学校为其他孩子表演时，他建立了自尊，并帮助他维持自信。A. sustain维持；使保持；B. lose失去；C. lack缺乏；D. regain收回。根据“it built his self-esteem (自尊) and helped him”可知他的表演经历帮助他建立了自尊，这些经历同时让他保持自信；故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica是一名歌手和制作人，他用他的技能和他的热情和献身精神感动了世界。A. shape塑造；B. puzzle使迷惑；C. move使感动；D. control控制。根据“with his passion and commitment.”可知，他因为自己的才能，以及自己的热情和献身精神感动了世界。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica创作了超过15首歌曲，并与Adrian Caxha等艺术家合作翻唱了歌曲《Ajshe》。A. copied复制；B. collected搜集；C. created 创作；D. adapted使适应。根据“joined forces with artists such as Adrian Caxha for the remake of the song “Ajshe.””可知，此处讲述Pakashtica的成就，结合上文“ Pakashtica is a singer and producer”可推知Pakashtica创作了超过15首歌曲。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica在12岁时正式开始了他的职业生涯，从那时起，他就没有回头。A. career职业生涯；B. school学校；C. company公司；D. service服务。根据文章第一段中“Pakashtica has been singing since the age of six.”和“Pakashtica is a singer and producer,”可知Pakashtica从小就开始唱歌，并成为一名歌手和制作人，且本文主要讲述的就是他职业生涯取得成功的故事，故推知本处表述的是他从12岁就正式开始了他的职业生涯；故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica在12岁时正式开始了他的职业生涯，从那时起，他就没有回头。A. looked back回头看；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. turned up出现；D. signed up登记。根据文章第一段中“Pakashtica has been singing since the age of six.”和“Pakashtica is a singer and producer,”可知Pakashtica从小就开始唱歌，并成为一名歌手和制作人，他一直在前进，不曾回头。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他在电视上在成千上万的观众面前表演时，他进入了前十名，获得了赞赏，培养了他取得越来越多成就的意志。A. feedback反馈；B. envy妒忌；C. sympathy同情；D. appreciation赞赏。根据“he made it to the Top Ten,”可知他的表演进入了前十，他受到了很多赞赏。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人有正确的态度，没有什么可以阻止他，Pakashtica在他的一生中一直在引导积极的态度。A. everything每一事物；B. nothing没有什么；C. something某事物；D. anything任何事物。根据“Pakashtica has been channeling positivity throughout his life.”可知Pakashtica在他的一生中一直在积极向上，故推知本处表述如果一个人态度正确，没有什么可以阻止他。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人有正确的态度，没有什么可以阻止他，Pakashtica在他的一生中一直在引导积极的态度。A. correct正确的；B. critical关键的；C. aggressive好斗的；D. casual满不在乎的。根据“Pakashtica has been channeling positivity throughout his life.”可知Pakashtica在他的一生中一直在态度积极，此处表述一个人态度正确度，就没有什么可以阻止他；故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica参加了《阿尔巴尼亚偶像》第二季的比赛，在那里他进入了半决赛并表现完美。A. patiently容忍地；B. perfectly完美地；C. helplessly无助地；D. proudly骄傲地。根据“Pakashtica has taken part in Season 2 of X Factor Albania, where he reached the semifinals”可知他进入了半决赛，进入半决赛说明表现完美。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica遵循一种信念：“想要成功的人必须在他们想要走得远还是快之间做出选择。A. policy政策；B. regulation调节；C. belief信念；D. requirement要求。根据“If you want to go far— be yourself, never ____15____ , and if you want to go fast, and go down fast, fake it till you make it.”可知想要成功的人必须在想要走得远还是快，这两种信念之间做出选择。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica遵循一种信念：“想要成功的人必须在他们想要走得远还是快之间做出选择。A. choose选择；B. abandon抛弃；C. hesitate犹豫；D. struggle奋斗。根据“If you want to go far— be yourself, never ____15____ , and if you want to go fast, and go down fast, fake it till you make it.”可知想要成功的人要在走得远还是快之间做出选择；故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想走得远——做你自己，永远不要改变...A. challenge挑战；B. adventure冒险；C. wander闲逛；D. change改变。根据“If you want to go far— be yourself”可知要想走得远，就要做自己，不要轻易改变；故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When students started the new school year on Thursday, many would have noticed a new course. The new course ____36____ (introduce) after the Ministry of Education released a new curriculum standard for labor education. Labor courses can teach students ____37____ (respect) labor and know that labor can create happiness.
____38____ (depend) on the age of the students, they learn different practical skills, such as cleaning, gardening and cooking. Song Xiaoning, mother of ____39____ first grader in Beijing, said she looks forward to ____40____ her daughter will learn at the new once-a-week labor course. “I think it is very ____41____ (importance) for her to have a labor course at school as she can learn to appreciate manual labor ____42____ the hardworking spirit,” she said. “She relies on us and her teachers very much. I want her to learn how to do things by herself and become more independent.”
To make the courses ____43____ (interesting), the school has organized a clothes folding competition for first and second graders, a garlic peeling competition for third and fourth graders and cold dish competition for fifth and sixth graders. Students need to make real ____44____ (effort) when taking labor courses, so they can ____45____ (real) cultivate virtues of strong willpower, perseverance and teamwork.
【答案】36. was introduced
37. to respect
38. Depending
39. a 40. what
41. important
42. and 43. more interesting
44. efforts
45. really
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是学校开展劳动课这门新课程的情况。
【36题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这门新课程是在教育部发布劳动教育新课程标准后推出的。课程是被推出，且句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语course是单数，因此空格处是was introduced，故填was introduced。
【37题详解】
考查不定式。句意：劳动课程可以教会学生尊重劳动，知道劳动可以创造幸福。teach sb. to do是固定短语，意为“教某人做某事”，故填to respect。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据学生的年龄，他们学习不同的实用技能，如清洁、园艺和烹饪。句中谓语是learn，空格处用非谓语动词作状语，depend on和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Depending。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：北京一名一年级学生的母亲Song Xiaoning说，她很期待女儿在每周一次的新劳动课程上学到的东西。first grader是泛指，前面要加不定冠词，first是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故填a。
【40题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：北京一名一年级学生的母亲Song Xiaoning说，她很期待女儿在每周一次的新劳动课程上学到的东西。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她说:“我认为对她来说，在学校学习劳动课程是非常重要的，因为她可以学会欣赏体力劳动和勤奋精神。”空格处用形容词important作表语，故填important。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：她说:“我认为对她来说，在学校学习劳动课程是非常重要的，因为她可以学会欣赏体力劳动和勤奋精神。”manual labor和the hardworking spirit是并列关系，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
【43题详解】
考查比较级。句意：为了让课程更有趣，学校为一、二年级学生组织了叠衣服比赛，为三、四年级学生组织了剥大蒜比赛，为五、六年级学生组织了冷盘比赛。根据语境可知，此处表示“为了让课程更有趣”，空格处用比较级more interesting。故填more interesting。
【44题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：学生在上劳动课时要真正努力，才能真正培养出意志力强、毅力强、团队合作精神等美德。effort为可数名词，此处应用复数，make real efforts意为“真正努力”，故填efforts。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：学生在上劳动课时要真正努力，才能真正培养出意志力强、毅力强、团队合作精神等美德。空格处用副词really修饰动词cultivate，really意为“真正地”，故填really。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你准备参加学校即将举办的英文歌曲大赛。请给你班交换生Anna写一封邮件请她给予指导，内容包括：
1. 说明比赛要求；
2. 请她推荐歌曲；
3. 请求陪同练习。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Anna,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Anna,
I’m writing to ask for your help.
Our school will hold an English Singing Contest next weekend. I have signed up for it. It is required that the theme should be about nature. Each contestant is given up to five minutes to sing the song. So, would you please give me some recommendations on which song to choose? Besides, what I need are the skills of singing, including pronunciation and intonation, which will perfect my performance. I’d appreciate it if you could practice with me.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Anna写一封邮件，请她指导你参加学校要举办的英文歌曲大赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hold→host
要求：require→demand
另外：besides→moreover
技巧：skill→technique
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Our school will hold an English Singing Contest next weekend. I have signed up for it.
拓展句：Our school will hold an English Singing Contest next weekend, which I have signed up for.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is required that the theme should be about nature. (运用了that引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, what I need are the skills of singing, including pronunciation and intonation, which will perfect my performance. (运用了what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jared was a boy who was raised by his single father, Steve, and his grandfather Michael. Although he didn’t have much in life, Jared was grateful for what he had. He enjoyed living a simple life with his dad and grandfather.
After school, Jared would often go into his grandfather’s garage and they would repair his car together. Jared was a skilled mechanic and it was all thanks to his grandfather’s patient teaching. And Jared wished one day he would open a car repair shop using his grandfather’s garage. Michael supported it.
Unfortunately, Michael died when Jared was 14. Jared continued to look after his grandfather’s car. One day, his dad entered his room and handed him the key to his grandfather’s car. “Your grandpa wanted me to give this to you on your eighteenth birthday. He said you could decide what to do with the car—either sell it or keep it,” his dad said.
Jared smiled. He was thankful that he now had a car. And he was happy it was a special car that he and his grandfather maintained together. “I’ll keep it! I don’t have to take the bus to school anymore. I can just drive!” Jared replied excitedly.
Then Steve returned to his own room. He hoped Jared would not sell the car. And he hoped someday Jared would find the envelope Michael had secretly left for him. The envelope was put under the driver’s seat of the car. In the envelope, Michael left Jared $15,000. And he had left a note. It read, “I knew you wouldn’t sell my car. Thank you, Jared! I hope the money can help you. Be a good man!”
The following day when Jared arrived at school, many students saw his car. They didn’t think highly of it because it was old and noisy. But Jared valued it. Later that day, after school, he couldn’t start the car. There appeared to be a problem with it.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Jared decided to repair the car himself.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Confused, Jared quickly opened the envelope.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Jared decided to repair the car himself. So he looked for the tools to fix the car. After finding the tool, he opened the front cover of the car. Then he checked the parts one by one and finally found that the engine wires had been burned out. He rewired the wires as his grandfather had taught him. Then he tried to start the car and finally he succeeded. He felt very happy and excited. He found that the inside of the car was not very tidy, so he decided to clean it. When he went to clean the driver’s seat, he found an unopened envelope.
Confused Jared quickly opened the envelope. In the envelope, there was a letter and some money. Then he opened the letter and read the contents. The letter was written by his grandfather Michael. The letter said that Jared wouldn’t sell the car and the grandfather hoped the money would help Jared. After reading the letter, he was moved to tears and cherished the car even more.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jared自小跟父亲和祖父后面长大，在祖父的耐心教导下他学会修汽车。祖父去世后，父亲在Jared 18岁的时候告诉他祖父送他一辆汽车，Jared在一次修车后清理车座位的时候，发现祖父留的一封信和一些钱，读完信后他备受感动。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①.由第一段首句内容“Jared决定自己修车。”可知，第一段可描写Jared自己修车的过程。
②.由第二段首句内容“困惑中，Jared迅速打开了信封。”可知，第二段可描写Jared打开信封后的发现以及情绪变化。
2.续写线索：决定自己修车——找工具——修理后并启动成功——清理车内部——发现信封——打开信封——发现信和钱——读信——感动
3.词汇激活（一个词汇要写出相近的表达）
行为类
①.寻找：look for/hunt for
②.检查：check /inspect
③.阅读：read/peruse
情绪类
①.高兴的：happy/pleased
②.兴奋的：excited/thrilled
【点睛】[高分句型1]. When he went to clean the driver’s seat, he found an unopened envelope. (运用了时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]. The letter said that Jared wouldn’t sell the car and the grandfather hoped the money would help Jared. (运用了宾语从句)
听力答案：1—5 BBCAC 6—10 BCBAC 11—15 ABBAB 16—20 AACAB
高三年级考试
英语试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the man hand in his paper?
A. This morning. B. This afternoon. C. This evening.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A public service. B. A restaurant. C. The man’s friend.
3. What is the man probably going to do?
A. Go buy a map. B. Have his car repaired. C. Go on a trip.
4. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Wait for the delivery. B. Make a phone call. C. Check on the order.
5. What is the woman related to Mr. Collins?
A. His manager. B. His client. C. His secretary.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What does the woman dislike?
A. Sailing. B. Fishing. C. Swimming.
7. Where would the speakers like to stay for the nights during the trip?
A. In a hotel. B. In a cabin. C. In a tent.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. What does the man probably do?
A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A scientist.
9. Why did the woman go to Florida?
A. To study biology. B. To go on holiday. C. To learn to dive.
10. What would the man prefer to do in Florida in February?
A. See different animals. B. Swim in the sea. C. Have a sunbath.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. Why does the man call the woman?
A. To get some directions to her office.
B. To confirm the meeting place.
C. To ask her to pick him up.
12. How much does it cost the man by taxi?
A. About $5. B. About $20. C, About $30.
13. What time will the speakers have a meeting?
A. At 2:30. B. At 3:00. C. At 3:30.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。
14. How does Joanna feel?
A. Tired. B. Happy. C. Anxious.
15. Why does Joanna want to make breakfast?
A. To practise cooking. B. To pay back her mum. C. To look after her sick mum.
16. What can we know about Joanna?
A. She has got married.
B. She can get up early every day.
C. She loves her father more than her mother.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did the man study in university?
A. Law. B. Medicine. C. Economics.
18. What fruit has something in common with cocoa beans?
A. Apples. B. Bananas. C. Grapes.
19. What is the most difficult part of making chocolate?
A. Melting it correctly. B. Cooling it in time. C. Testing it regularly.
20. What is the speaker’s key to success?
A. Growing high-quality cocoa beans.
B. Keeping a diary of his experiments.
C. Trying to test various chocolate.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Visiting the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Address 1000 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028
Hours Sunday-Tuesday and Thursday: 10 am-5 pm
Friday and Saturday: 10 am-9 pm
Wednesday: Closed
General Admission Prices
$25 for adults; $17 for seniors; $12 for students.
Free for members and children under 12.
Three Membership Possibilities
*$110 per year: membership for one adult and free admission for one guest per visit.
*$210 per year: membership for two adults and free admission for two guests per visit.
*$600 per year: membership for two adults and free admission for four guests per visit.
Join today and take a free guest or free guests on every visit, and enjoy special access to new exhibitions, discounts on shopping, and so on.
Group Visits
Advance reservations are required for all adult and student groups of 10 or more, and for any third- party guided tour, regardless of size.
In addition, we ask that all groups visiting the museum follow the guidelines below:
*Membership and other discounts do not apply to group admission.
*All individuals lecturing in the galleries must make a request for a lecture badge (徽章). A lecture badge is only available to groups that have made a reservation in advance.
*The staff of the museum lecturing in the galleries have the right to be given attention first.
Please give way to tours and programs led by the museum.
*Lecturing is not allowed in special exhibitions.
If you have questions, please contact us at mettours@metmuseum.org.
1. When can a person visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art normally?
A. At 3 pm on Monday. B. At 9 am on Friday.
C. At 10 am on Wednesday. D. At 8 pm on Tuesday.
2. How much will a non- member couple with their 11-year-old son pay?
A. $67. B. $50. C. $25 D. $37.
3. Which guideline should group visits follow?
A. Lecturing is allowed in any exhibition.
B. Membership applys to group admission.
C. A lecture badge is available to all groups.
D. Any third- party guided tour should book in advance.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了参观Metropolitan艺术博物馆的相关要求和须知。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Hours”项下内容“Sunday-Tuesday and Thursday: 10 am-5 pm (周日至周二和周四：上午10点至下午5点)”可知在周一下午3点是可以去参观Metropolitan艺术博物馆的；故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“General Admission Prices”项下内容“$25 for adults; $17 for seniors; $12 for students./ Free for members and children under 12. (成人25美元；老年人17美元；学生12美元。/会员及12岁以下儿童免费。)”可知对于非会员来说，一对夫妇需要50美元，11岁的儿童是免费的；故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Group Visits”项下内容“Advance reservations are required for all adult and student groups of 10 or more, and for any third- party guided tour, regardless of size. (所有10人或以上的成人和学生团，以及任何第三方导游团，无论人数多少，都必须提前预订。)”可知任何第三方导游团无论人数多少，都必须提前预订；故选D项。
B
I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree.
It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls of you, your children, your neighbors and those living near. Patio (露台) umbrellas are a must while dining in the garden beginning in early August, and because of the volume of fruit this season, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden.
The black walnut also releases a chemical through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed.
What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area. Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and biodiverse environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress.
Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it. Trees are home to numerous birds and insect species and are essential for keeping our environment balanced.
I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year singing their songs before Dawn. Every spring, I wonder what the season holds: What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing? Like any good relationship, I’ll never be pleased. I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut offers a home to wildlife and a reminder that acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be.
4. Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden?
A. To protect her injured skull. B. To protect herself against sunburn.
C. To avoid getting stung by bees. D. To avoid being hit by the walnut fruits.
5. What is the walnut tree’s competitive strategy to grow?
A. To attract beneficial pollinators.
B. To release harmful gas through the leaves.
C. To produce a chemical that may kill other plants.
D. To compete for nutrition with other plants.
6. What mainly prevented the author from removing the tree?
A. Its long history. B. Its various benefits.
C. Its huge and heavy trunk. D. Its popularity in the community.
7. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. Loving trees. B. Fighting nature.
C. Protecting plants. D. Understanding nature.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者家后院的一颗黑胡桃树，向我们揭露了树木对于生态环境的重要性，虽然作者总是担心会被这棵树掉下来的果实砸到头，但还是选择接受这棵树，没有将其移除，因为作者知道这棵树对生态环境的价值是很大的，所以他选择接受，而不是反抗，这是对大自然的理解。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree. (我和一棵黑胡桃树有18年爱恨交加的关系)”可知，作者是在讲述一颗黑胡桃树；根据文章第二段“It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls of you, your children, your neighbors and those living near. Patio (露台) umbrellas are a must while dining in the garden beginning in early August, and because of the volume of fruit this season, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden. (这是一棵独特的树。在9月底或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的果实掉落，威胁着你、你的孩子、你的邻居和住在附近的人的头骨。从8月初开始，在花园里吃饭时，露台伞是必须的，因为这个季节果实多，我在花园里工作时戴着头盔)”可知，这个季节果实产量多，胡桃掉下来的话可能会砸到头。由此可知，作者在花园里工作时带头盔是为了避免被掉下来的胡桃果实砸到。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The black walnut also releases a chemical through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed. (黑胡桃还通过根部释放一种化学物质，这是一种竞争策略。它对几种常见植物有毒。我带了很多新的植物品种回家，希望黑核桃能接受它们，但它们失败了)”可知，黑胡桃树的竞争策略是通过释放一种有毒的化学物质，来毒杀其他植物。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it. Trees are home to numerous birds and insect species and are essential for keeping our environment balanced. (我有没有想过摆脱后院这个巨大的痛苦？是的，然而，摆脱这棵树几乎是不可能的。它也受法律保护。树木对于城市森林以及所有居住在这里的人们都很重要。树木是许多鸟类和昆虫物种的家园，对保持我们的环境平衡至关重要)”可知，作者也想过要摆脱这棵树，但是这棵有很多益处，对城市森林和居住在这里的人们都很重要，也是鸟类和昆虫的家园，对保护环境平衡很重要，所以这是阻止作者移除这棵树的原因。故选B项。
【7题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了作者家后院的一颗黑胡桃树，向我们揭露了树木对于生态环境的重要性，虽然作者总是担心会被这棵树掉下来的果实砸到头，但还是选择接受这棵树，没有将其移除，因为作者知道这棵树对生态环境的价值是很大的，所以他选择接受，而不是反抗，这是对大自然的理解；故选项D“Understanding nature (理解自然)”适合作为本文标题。故选D项。
C
Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world.
The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical Compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. The project was launched by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow water and they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. The material comes from the breakdown of manufactured plastic products and industrial waste.
The team said the robots can be controlled by light. Turning “a near-infrared light laser” on and off causes the fish’s tail to move back and forth, the American Chemical Society said. The robotic fish can swim up to 2.76 body lengths per second. The researchers said this is faster than most similar soft robots. Wang Yuyan was a member of Sichuan University’s research team. She told Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. The fish can take in different kinds of microplastics and even repair itself when damaged, the researchers said. And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added. Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease.
8. Why has a robotic fish been created?
A. To remove disease in people. B. To clean up pollution in oceans.
C. To remove unwanted materials in body. D. To remove microplastic particles in water.
9. What will happen to the robotic fish when eaten by a real fish?
A. It will be harmless. B. It will repair itself.
C. It will take in microplastics. D. It will collect microplastics.
10. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The purpose of the robotic fish.
B. The function of the robotic fish.
C. A further introduction of the robotic fish.
D. Potential application of the robotic fish.
11. What is Wang Yuyan’s attitude to the future use of the robotic fish?
A. Pessimistic. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Suspicious.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对科学家们新开发出的一种可以清除水中微塑料颗粒的机器鱼进行了相关介绍。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world. (中国科学家表示，他们已经开发出一种机器鱼，可以从水中清除微塑料颗粒。从事该项目的研究人员表示，机器人可以帮助清理世界各地海洋中的塑料污染。)”可知发明机器鱼是为了清除水中的微塑料颗粒；故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added. (研究小组补充说，如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃了，它可以安全地消化这些物质。)”可知如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃下去了，也能安全地被真鱼所消化，不会产出有害的物质，即也是无害的；故选A项。
【10题详解】
文章大意题。根据文章第二段“The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical Compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. The project was launched by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow water and they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. The material comes from the breakdown of manufactured plastic products and industrial waste. (这种自动游泳者大约1.3厘米长。它们是由一种柔软的化合物构成的。这些机器人被设计成在水中移动时吸收微塑料。该项目是由位于中国西南部的四川大学的一个团队发起的。研究人员表示，机器人已经在浅水区表现良好，他们计划在深水区进行更多测试。科学家们在《纳米快报》的一项新研究中报告了他们的发现。这份报告来自美国化学学会，这是一个由美国国会支持的非营利组织。这种机器鱼的目标是小于5毫米的塑料微粒。研究证实，在许多自然环境中都发现了微塑料污染。这种材料来自于人造塑料制品和工业废料的分解。)”可知本段介绍了这种机器鱼的构造、用途、目标以及在水下的工作表现，故本段主要是对这种机器鱼进行了进一步的介绍；故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“She told Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. (她告诉路透社，这种小巧轻便的机器人目前正被用于收集微塑料用于研究目的。但是王补充说，研究小组计划扩大这种应用，这样机器鱼就可以从深海区域移除大量的微塑料废物。)”可知王玉燕说研究小组计划扩大这种轻便机器人的应用，让这种机器鱼从深海区域移除微塑料废物，故推知她对于这种机器鱼是抱有积极态度的，要不然不会说计划扩大其应用；根据文章最后一句“Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease. (王说，可以开发类似的机器人，放置在人体内去除无用的物质或疾病。)”可知王提出进一步的设想，即开发类似的机器人，说明她还是很看好这种机器鱼的；综上所述，王玉燕对于这种机器鱼是持有积极、肯定态度的；故选B项。
D
A strong hit to the head will normally give you a concussion (脑震荡). Woodpeckers (啄木鸟), however, strike their beaks into trees thousands of times a day and are perfectly fine.
We used to think that a woodpecker’s skull worked as a kind of safety helmet which absorbed the shocks. A new study by Sam Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, proved that this “common sense” was in fact false.
Van Wassenbergh and his colleagues argued that, if a woodpecker’s head absorbed the force, it would not be able to strike the tree with enough force.
“If the beak absorbed much of its own impact, the unfortunate bird would have to pound even harder,” they said in their paper. In other words, if the theory were true, the woodpecker would have to peck even harder to compensate for both the shock-absorbing qualities of the sponge-like bone inside its skull as well as the density of the wood.
The scientists recorded four different kinds of woodpeckers in zoos as they were pecking. The team used data from their high-speed recordings to build digital models of the woodpeckers. Van Wassenbergh described the woodpeckers’ motion as “a hammer hitting wood” since their movement appeared rigid and focused.
The research suggested that woodpeckers don’t have any shock-absorbing device or the ability to reduce the amount of force. Although they are without “helmets”, the team claimed that the woodpeckers’ tiny size and weight protect them.
A woodpecker’s brain is about 700 times smaller than that of a human. “Smaller animals can withstand higher decelerations (减速). Think about a fly that hits a window and then just flies back again,” Van Wassenbergh said. “So that is why even the hardest hits we observed are not expected to cause any concussion.”
12. What was the “common sense” about woodpeckers?
A. They can withstand slight concussions.
B Their beaks can spread the shocks they produce.
C. Their heads are able to reduce the force.
D. Their bodies are soft enough to absorb the force.
13. Which can replace the underlined words “compensate for” in paragraph 4?
A. Make up for. B. Improve. C. Get rid of D. Remove.
14. What does Van Wassenbergh’s experiment prove?
A. The shock absorber theory is mostly correct.
B. How woodpeckers peck depends on their type.
C. Density of the wood affects a woodpecker's pecking force.
D. Woodpeckers do not have special safety devices.
15. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. An information booklet. B. A science magazine.
C. An observation diary. D. An advertisement.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以一项研究成果为依据向我们揭露了啄木鸟其实并不是我们过去认为的那样，头部有减震装置或减少力量的能力，并且得出了是因为它们微小的体型和体重使得它们可以承受撞击。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We used to think that a woodpecker’s skull worked as a kind of safety helmet which absorbed the shocks. A new study by Sam Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, proved that this “common sense” was in fact false. (我们过去一直认为啄木鸟的头骨可以作为一种安全头盔，可以缓冲冲击力。比利时Antwerp大学的研究人员Sam Van Wassenbergh的一项新研究证明，这种“普遍认识”实际上是错误的。)”可知我们过去对于啄木鸟的普遍认识是它的头骨可以作为一种安全头盔，可以缓冲冲击力，即它们的头可以减少冲击的力量；故选C项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第四段““If the beak absorbed much of its own impact, the unfortunate bird would have to pound even harder,” they said in their paper. In other words, if the theory were true, the woodpecker would have to peck even harder to compensate for both the shock-absorbing qualities of the sponge-like bone inside its skull as well as the density of the wood. (他们在论文中说：“如果鸟嘴吸收了自己的大部分冲击力，这只不幸的鸟将不得不更用力地撞击。”换句话说，如果这个理论是正确的，啄木鸟将不得不更加用力地啄，以弥补其头骨内海绵状骨头的减震特性和木头的密度。)”可知，如果啄木鸟自己吸收大部分冲击力的话，将不得不更用力地啄，因为力的作用是相互的，而其头骨内海绵状骨头的减震特性减少了这种力量，使得它无法以足够的力量击中树；木头的密度越大，啄的时候所需要的冲击力就越大，就越能击中树，所以如果啄木鸟自己吸收大部分冲击力的话，必须以更大的力量来弥补其头骨的减震特性所导致的冲击力减弱，犹如弥补增加木材密度那样，使得相互作用的冲击力增大；故推知划线短语“compensate for”的意思是“弥补”；故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The research suggested that woodpeckers don’t have any shock-absorbing device or the ability to reduce the amount of force. Although they are without “helmets”, the team claimed that the woodpeckers’ tiny size and weight protect them. (研究表明，啄木鸟没有任何减震装置或减少力量的能力。尽管它们没有“头盔”，但研究小组声称，啄木鸟微小的体型和体重保护了它们。)”可知研究表明，啄木鸟没有任何减震装置或减少力量的能力，也没有所谓的安全“头盔”，即它们没有特殊的安全装置；故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章以一项研究成果为依据向我们揭露了啄木鸟其实并不是我们过去认为的那样，头部有减震装置或减少力量的能力，并且得出了是因为它们微小的体型和体重使得他们可以承受撞击，这是基于科学研究的基础上得出的结论，故推知这篇文章出自于一篇科学杂志；故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For years, friendship in America has been in decline. ____16____ Friendship can be an important factor in well-being, while loneliness can be associated with depression and anxiety or heart disease and stroke. Julianne, a professor of psychology, said, “____17____”
While she admits there aren’t many studies that have specifically tackled the question of how many friends people should have, somewhere between three and six close friends may be the sweet spot. ____18____ Another study found middle-aged women who had three or more friends tended to have higher levels of satisfaction.
____19____ Loneliness is a sort of signal or alarm system. Everyone feels lonely from time to time, but this is a deeper question about whether you regularly feel left out or isolated. One recent survey suggested that roughly one in three Americans have experienced “serious loneliness”. It also helps to ask yourself if there are parts of your identity that feel restricted.
However, making friends in adulthood isn’t always easy. Research shows people struggle with it because they find it difficult to trust new people and because they are simply short of time. For those reasons, it is often easier to start by restarting old relationships. Take action and don’t assume that friendships just happen organically. ____20____ Dr. Hall’s research suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop. Quantity and quality go hand-in-hand. Your personality and the characteristics of your life are going to make a difference, so try to make some close friends.
A. Friendship is very important to people.
B. How can you tell if you need more friends?
C. Loneliness is as harmful to health as smoking.
D. What do you need to make more friends?
E. The trend has been accelerated during the pandemic.
F. The amount of time you spend with your friends matters, too.
G. One study showed people having six or more friends have better health.
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. G 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们揭露了朋友重要性，表明了孤独的危害，同时道出了成年后交朋友并不总是那么容易的原因。
【16题详解】
上文“For years, friendship in America has been in decline. (多年来，美国的友谊一直在衰退。)”在讲述美国的友谊一直在衰退；下文“Friendship can be an important factor in well-being, while loneliness can be associated with depression and anxiety or heart disease and stroke. (友谊可能是幸福的一个重要因素，而孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关。)”在讲述友谊的益处；选项E“The trend has been accelerated during the pandemic. (在疫情期间，这一趋势有所加速。)”在讲述美国友谊衰退这一趋势在加速，因为在疫情期间，人们通常是呆在家里的，这更加不利于友谊的发展，故本句承接了上文所述内容，是对上文内容的补充，同时引出下文对于友谊重要性的阐述；故选项E符合语境；故选E项。
【17题详解】
前文“Friendship can be an important factor in well-being, while loneliness can be associated with depression and anxiety or heart disease and stroke. (友谊可能是幸福的一个重要因素，而孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关。)”在讲述友谊的重要性，同时提出孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关；上文“Julianne, a professor of psychology, said (心理学教授Julianne 说)”表明了空处是Julianne说的话；选项C“Loneliness is as harmful to health as smoking. (孤独和抽烟一样对健康有害。)”也是在讲述孤独的坏处，与前文所述主旨一致，都意在表明孤独的危害；故选项C符合语境；故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“While she admits there aren’t many studies that have specifically tackled the question of how many friends people should have, somewhere between three and six close friends may be the sweet spot. (虽然她承认，没有多少研究专门处理人们应该有多少朋友的问题，但3到6个亲密朋友可能是最佳选择。)”在讲述人们拥有3至6个亲密朋友可能是最佳选择；下文“Another study found middle-aged women who had three or more friends tended to have higher levels of satisfaction. (另一项研究发现，有三个或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的满意度。)”在讲述有三个或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的满意度；选项G“One study showed people having six or more friends have better health. (一项研究表明，有六个或更多朋友的人身体更健康。)”在讲述有六个或更多朋友的人身体更健康，与上下文主旨一致，都是对人们到底该有多少朋友的问题的研究探讨；故选项G符合语境；故选G项。
【19题详解】
下文“Loneliness is a sort of signal or alarm system. Everyone feels lonely from time to time, but this is a deeper question about whether you regularly feel left out or isolated. One recent survey suggested that roughly one in three Americans have experienced “serious loneliness”. (孤独是一种信号或警报系统。每个人都会时不时地感到孤独，但这是一个关于你是否经常感到被冷落或孤立的更深层次的问题。最近的一项调查显示，大约三分之一的美国人经历过“严重的孤独”。)”在讲述与孤独相关的内容，提到了是不是经常感到被冷落或孤立，因为缺少朋友才会经常感到孤独，言外之意，如果经常感到孤独，那说明你就是缺朋友了，故本段主要讲述了怎样判断自己是否需要更多朋友；选项B“How can you tell if you need more friends (你怎么知道你是否需要更多的朋友)”提到怎样知道你是否需要更多的朋友，引出了下文对于是否需要更多朋友判断依据的表述，故选项B符合语境；故选B项。
【20题详解】
上文“However, making friends in adulthood isn’t always easy. Research shows people struggle with it because they find it difficult to trust new people and because they are simply short of time. For those reasons, it is often easier to start by restarting old relationships. Take action and don’t assume that friendships just happen organically. (然而，成年后交朋友并不总是那么容易。研究表明，人们在这方面很挣扎，因为他们发现很难信任新人，因为他们只是时间不够。出于这些原因，通常更容易从重新开始旧的关系为开始。采取行动，不要以为友谊是自然产生的。)”在讲述人们因为交往时间短而不信任新人，往往又重新开始旧的关系；下文“Dr. Hall’s research suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop. (Hall的研究表明，一般来说，非常亲密的友谊往往需要大约200个小时才能建立起来。)”在讲述非常亲密的友谊往往需要大约200个小时才能建立起来；选项F“The amount of time you spend with your friends matters, too. (和朋友在一起的时间也很重要) ”在讲述和朋友在一起的时间也很重要，承接了上文所述内容，同时引出下文拿出具体研究结果为依据来对空处所述内容的论证；故选项F符合语境；故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“Believe in yourself, and there will come a day when others will have no choice but to believe with you.”
一Cynthia Kersey
Enur Pakashtica has been a(n) ____21____ to the young generation as he has developed ____22____ over the years to push his limits. Born into a poor family in 1994, Pakashtica has been singing since the age of six. As he ____23____ for the other kids in school for events, it built his self-esteem (自尊) and helped him ____24____ his confidence. Pakashtica is a singer and producer, who has used his skills to ____25____ the world with his passion and commitment. Pakashtica has ____26____ more than 15 songs and joined forces with artists such as Adrian Caxha for the remake of the song “Ajshe.”
Pakashtica officially started his ____27____ when he was 12, and since then, he has never ____28____. As he performed on TV in front of thousands of people, he made it to the Top Ten, which gathered ____29____ and built his will to achieve more and more. There is _______30_______ that can hold a person back if they have the _______31_______ attitude, and Pakashtica has been channeling positivity throughout his life. Pakashtica has taken part in Season 2 of X Factor Albania, where he reached the semifinals and performed _______32_______.
Pakashtica follows a _______33_______: “People who want to succeed have to _______34_______ between whether they want to go far or fast. If you want to go far— be yourself, never _______35_______, and if you want to go fast, and go down fast, fake it till you make it.”
21. A. inspiration B. joke C. image D. lesson
22. A. mind B. wealth C. business D. confidence
23. A. danced B. performed C. made a speech D. raised money
24. A. sustain B. lose C. lack D. regain
25. A. shape B. puzzle C. move D. control
26. A. copied B. collected C. created D. adapted
27. A. career B. school C. company D. service
28. A. looked back B. calmed down C. turned up D. signed up
29. A. feedback B. envy C. sympathy D. appreciation
30. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
31. A. correct B. critical C. aggressive D. casual
32. A. patiently B. perfectly C. helplessly D. proudly
33. A. policy B. regulation C. belief D. requirement
34. A. choose B. abandon C. hesitate D. struggle
35. A. challenge B. adventure C. wander D. change
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了歌手兼创作者Pakashtica获得成功的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Enur Pakashtica一直激励着年轻一代，因为多年来他建立了超越自己极限的信心。A. inspiration激励；B. joke玩笑；C. image想象；D. lesson教训。根据“to push his limits.”可知，Enur Pakashtica超越自己的极限，这是积极的一面，努力超越自己极限的人是会给别人起到激励作用的；故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Enur Pakashtica一直激励着年轻一代，因为多年来他建立了超越自己极限的信心。A. mind思想；B. wealth财富；C. business商业；D. confidence信心。由后文“it built his self-esteem (自尊) and helped him ____4____ his confidence.”可知，经过数年，他拥有超越自己极限的信心。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词和短语辨析。句意：当他因活动在学校为其他孩子表演时，他建立了自尊，并帮助他保持自信。A. danced跳舞；B. performed表演；C. made a speech作演讲；D. raised money筹钱。由上文“Pakashtica has been singing since the age of six.”可知他六岁起就开始唱歌，故推知本处是他为其他孩子表演。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他因活动在学校为其他孩子表演时，他建立了自尊，并帮助他维持自信。A. sustain维持；使保持；B. lose失去；C. lack缺乏；D. regain收回。根据“it built his self-esteem (自尊) and helped him”可知他的表演经历帮助他建立了自尊，这些经历同时让他保持自信；故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica是一名歌手和制作人，他用他的技能和他的热情和献身精神感动了世界。A. shape塑造；B. puzzle使迷惑；C. move使感动；D. control控制。根据“with his passion and commitment.”可知，他因为自己的才能，以及自己的热情和献身精神感动了世界。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica创作了超过15首歌曲，并与Adrian Caxha等艺术家合作翻唱了歌曲《Ajshe》。A. copied复制；B. collected搜集；C. created 创作；D. adapted使适应。根据“joined forces with artists such as Adrian Caxha for the remake of the song “Ajshe.””可知，此处讲述Pakashtica的成就，结合上文“ Pakashtica is a singer and producer”可推知Pakashtica创作了超过15首歌曲。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica在12岁时正式开始了他的职业生涯，从那时起，他就没有回头。A. career职业生涯；B. school学校；C. company公司；D. service服务。根据文章第一段中“Pakashtica has been singing since the age of six.”和“Pakashtica is a singer and producer,”可知Pakashtica从小就开始唱歌，并成为一名歌手和制作人，且本文主要讲述的就是他职业生涯取得成功的故事，故推知本处表述的是他从12岁就正式开始了他的职业生涯；故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica在12岁时正式开始了他的职业生涯，从那时起，他就没有回头。A. looked back回头看；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. turned up出现；D. signed up登记。根据文章第一段中“Pakashtica has been singing since the age of six.”和“Pakashtica is a singer and producer,”可知Pakashtica从小就开始唱歌，并成为一名歌手和制作人，他一直在前进，不曾回头。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他在电视上在成千上万的观众面前表演时，他进入了前十名，获得了赞赏，培养了他取得越来越多成就的意志。A. feedback反馈；B. envy妒忌；C. sympathy同情；D. appreciation赞赏。根据“he made it to the Top Ten,”可知他的表演进入了前十，他受到了很多赞赏。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人有正确的态度，没有什么可以阻止他，Pakashtica在他的一生中一直在引导积极的态度。A. everything每一事物；B. nothing没有什么；C. something某事物；D. anything任何事物。根据“Pakashtica has been channeling positivity throughout his life.”可知Pakashtica在他的一生中一直在积极向上，故推知本处表述如果一个人态度正确，没有什么可以阻止他。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人有正确的态度，没有什么可以阻止他，Pakashtica在他的一生中一直在引导积极的态度。A. correct正确的；B. critical关键的；C. aggressive好斗的；D. casual满不在乎的。根据“Pakashtica has been channeling positivity throughout his life.”可知Pakashtica在他的一生中一直在态度积极，此处表述一个人态度正确度，就没有什么可以阻止他；故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica参加了《阿尔巴尼亚偶像》第二季的比赛，在那里他进入了半决赛并表现完美。A. patiently容忍地；B. perfectly完美地；C. helplessly无助地；D. proudly骄傲地。根据“Pakashtica has taken part in Season 2 of X Factor Albania, where he reached the semifinals”可知他进入了半决赛，进入半决赛说明表现完美。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica遵循一种信念：“想要成功的人必须在他们想要走得远还是快之间做出选择。A. policy政策；B. regulation调节；C. belief信念；D. requirement要求。根据“If you want to go far— be yourself, never ____15____ , and if you want to go fast, and go down fast, fake it till you make it.”可知想要成功的人必须在想要走得远还是快，这两种信念之间做出选择。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pakashtica遵循一种信念：“想要成功的人必须在他们想要走得远还是快之间做出选择。A. choose选择；B. abandon抛弃；C. hesitate犹豫；D. struggle奋斗。根据“If you want to go far— be yourself, never ____15____ , and if you want to go fast, and go down fast, fake it till you make it.”可知想要成功的人要在走得远还是快之间做出选择；故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想走得远——做你自己，永远不要改变...A. challenge挑战；B. adventure冒险；C. wander闲逛；D. change改变。根据“If you want to go far— be yourself”可知要想走得远，就要做自己，不要轻易改变；故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When students started the new school year on Thursday, many would have noticed a new course. The new course ____36____ (introduce) after the Ministry of Education released a new curriculum standard for labor education. Labor courses can teach students ____37____ (respect) labor and know that labor can create happiness.
____38____ (depend) on the age of the students, they learn different practical skills, such as cleaning, gardening and cooking. Song Xiaoning, mother of ____39____ first grader in Beijing, said she looks forward to ____40____ her daughter will learn at the new once-a-week labor course. “I think it is very ____41____ (importance) for her to have a labor course at school as she can learn to appreciate manual labor ____42____ the hardworking spirit,” she said. “She relies on us and her teachers very much. I want her to learn how to do things by herself and become more independent.”
To make the courses ____43____ (interesting), the school has organized a clothes folding competition for first and second graders, a garlic peeling competition for third and fourth graders and cold dish competition for fifth and sixth graders. Students need to make real ____44____ (effort) when taking labor courses, so they can ____45____ (real) cultivate virtues of strong willpower, perseverance and teamwork.
【答案】36. was introduced
37. to respect
38. Depending
39. a 40. what
41. important
42. and 43. more interesting
44. efforts
45. really
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是学校开展劳动课这门新课程的情况。
【36题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这门新课程是在教育部发布劳动教育新课程标准后推出的。课程是被推出，且句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语course是单数，因此空格处是was introduced，故填was introduced。
【37题详解】
考查不定式。句意：劳动课程可以教会学生尊重劳动，知道劳动可以创造幸福。teach sb. to do是固定短语，意为“教某人做某事”，故填to respect。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据学生的年龄，他们学习不同的实用技能，如清洁、园艺和烹饪。句中谓语是learn，空格处用非谓语动词作状语，depend on和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Depending。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：北京一名一年级学生的母亲Song Xiaoning说，她很期待女儿在每周一次的新劳动课程上学到的东西。first grader是泛指，前面要加不定冠词，first是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故填a。
【40题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：北京一名一年级学生的母亲Song Xiaoning说，她很期待女儿在每周一次的新劳动课程上学到的东西。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她说:“我认为对她来说，在学校学习劳动课程是非常重要的，因为她可以学会欣赏体力劳动和勤奋精神。”空格处用形容词important作表语，故填important。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：她说:“我认为对她来说，在学校学习劳动课程是非常重要的，因为她可以学会欣赏体力劳动和勤奋精神。”manual labor和the hardworking spirit是并列关系，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
【43题详解】
考查比较级。句意：为了让课程更有趣，学校为一、二年级学生组织了叠衣服比赛，为三、四年级学生组织了剥大蒜比赛，为五、六年级学生组织了冷盘比赛。根据语境可知，此处表示“为了让课程更有趣”，空格处用比较级more interesting。故填more interesting。
【44题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：学生在上劳动课时要真正努力，才能真正培养出意志力强、毅力强、团队合作精神等美德。effort为可数名词，此处应用复数，make real efforts意为“真正努力”，故填efforts。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：学生在上劳动课时要真正努力，才能真正培养出意志力强、毅力强、团队合作精神等美德。空格处用副词really修饰动词cultivate，really意为“真正地”，故填really。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你准备参加学校即将举办的英文歌曲大赛。请给你班交换生Anna写一封邮件请她给予指导，内容包括：
1. 说明比赛要求；
2. 请她推荐歌曲；
3. 请求陪同练习。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Anna,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Anna,
I’m writing to ask for your help.
Our school will hold an English Singing Contest next weekend. I have signed up for it. It is required that the theme should be about nature. Each contestant is given up to five minutes to sing the song. So, would you please give me some recommendations on which song to choose? Besides, what I need are the skills of singing, including pronunciation and intonation, which will perfect my performance. I’d appreciate it if you could practice with me.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Anna写一封邮件，请她指导你参加学校要举办的英文歌曲大赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hold→host
要求：require→demand
另外：besides→moreover
技巧：skill→technique
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Our school will hold an English Singing Contest next weekend. I have signed up for it.
拓展句：Our school will hold an English Singing Contest next weekend, which I have signed up for.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is required that the theme should be about nature. (运用了that引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, what I need are the skills of singing, including pronunciation and intonation, which will perfect my performance. (运用了what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jared was a boy who was raised by his single father, Steve, and his grandfather Michael. Although he didn’t have much in life, Jared was grateful for what he had. He enjoyed living a simple life with his dad and grandfather.
After school, Jared would often go into his grandfather’s garage and they would repair his car together. Jared was a skilled mechanic and it was all thanks to his grandfather’s patient teaching. And Jared wished one day he would open a car repair shop using his grandfather’s garage. Michael supported it.
Unfortunately, Michael died when Jared was 14. Jared continued to look after his grandfather’s car. One day, his dad entered his room and handed him the key to his grandfather’s car. “Your grandpa wanted me to give this to you on your eighteenth birthday. He said you could decide what to do with the car—either sell it or keep it,” his dad said.
Jared smiled. He was thankful that he now had a car. And he was happy it was a special car that he and his grandfather maintained together. “I’ll keep it! I don’t have to take the bus to school anymore. I can just drive!” Jared replied excitedly.
Then Steve returned to his own room. He hoped Jared would not sell the car. And he hoped someday Jared would find the envelope Michael had secretly left for him. The envelope was put under the driver’s seat of the car. In the envelope, Michael left Jared $15,000. And he had left a note. It read, “I knew you wouldn’t sell my car. Thank you, Jared! I hope the money can help you. Be a good man!”
The following day when Jared arrived at school, many students saw his car. They didn’t think highly of it because it was old and noisy. But Jared valued it. Later that day, after school, he couldn’t start the car. There appeared to be a problem with it.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Jared decided to repair the car himself.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Confused, Jared quickly opened the envelope.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Jared decided to repair the car himself. So he looked for the tools to fix the car. After finding the tool, he opened the front cover of the car. Then he checked the parts one by one and finally found that the engine wires had been burned out. He rewired the wires as his grandfather had taught him. Then he tried to start the car and finally he succeeded. He felt very happy and excited. He found that the inside of the car was not very tidy, so he decided to clean it. When he went to clean the driver’s seat, he found an unopened envelope.
Confused Jared quickly opened the envelope. In the envelope, there was a letter and some money. Then he opened the letter and read the contents. The letter was written by his grandfather Michael. The letter said that Jared wouldn’t sell the car and the grandfather hoped the money would help Jared. After reading the letter, he was moved to tears and cherished the car even more.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jared自小跟父亲和祖父后面长大，在祖父的耐心教导下他学会修汽车。祖父去世后，父亲在Jared 18岁的时候告诉他祖父送他一辆汽车，Jared在一次修车后清理车座位的时候，发现祖父留的一封信和一些钱，读完信后他备受感动。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①.由第一段首句内容“Jared决定自己修车。”可知，第一段可描写Jared自己修车的过程。
②.由第二段首句内容“困惑中，Jared迅速打开了信封。”可知，第二段可描写Jared打开信封后的发现以及情绪变化。
2.续写线索：决定自己修车——找工具——修理后并启动成功——清理车内部——发现信封——打开信封——发现信和钱——读信——感动
3.词汇激活（一个词汇要写出相近的表达）
行为类
①.寻找：look for/hunt for
②.检查：check /inspect
③.阅读：read/peruse
情绪类
①.高兴的：happy/pleased
②.兴奋的：excited/thrilled
【点睛】[高分句型1]. When he went to clean the driver’s seat, he found an unopened envelope. (运用了时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]. The letter said that Jared wouldn’t sell the car and the grandfather hoped the money would help Jared. (运用了宾语从句)
听力答案：1—5 BBCAC 6—10 BCBAC 11—15 ABBAB 16—20 AACAB
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