2020年中考英语真题分项汇编:专题08 动词和动词短语(含解析)
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这是一份2020年中考英语真题分项汇编:专题08 动词和动词短语(含解析),共10页。
专题08 动词和动词短语考点1 动词词义辨析1.【 •贵州黔东南州】Sam ________ a computer from me yesterday.A. sold B. borrowed C. lent D. returned【答案】B【解析】句意:Sam昨天向我借了一台电脑。考查动词辨析。sold卖;borrowed从主语的角度讲是“借入”常用的结构为borrow sth from sb;lent从主语的角度讲是“借出”,常用的结构是lend sb sth或 lend sth to sb;returned归还。根据题干Sam ____ a computer from me yesterday.可知是Sam昨天向我借了一台电脑。指的是主语Sam从“我”这里借入,所以应用borrow;再由yesterday可知句子时态用一般过去时;故答案选B。2. 【 •四川达州市】— Clara, you have ______ Journey to the West for two weeks.— Sorry, I wanted to give it back but was made _________ Dazhou on business last week.A. borrowed; to leave B. kept; to leave C. kept; leave D. borrowed; leave【答案】B【解析】句意:——克拉拉,《西游记》这本书你已经借了两个星期了。——对不起,我想把它还给你,但上周我被迫离开达州去出差了 。考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。borrow借入,瞬间性动作,keep保存,保留,持续性动作。由时间段for two weeks“两周”,可知用持续性动词,keep的过去分词为kept,故排除A和D。动词短语make sb. do sth.接不带to的不定式做宾补,变为被动语态是要加上to,即be made to do,所以第二个空用to leave,故选B。3. 【 •四川达州市】— Jenny, do you know if your mother _______ back tomorrow?— Sorry, I don’t know. As soon as she _________ home, I will tell her to call you.A. comes; gets B. will come; gets to C. will come; will get D. will come; gets【答案】D【解析】句意:——詹妮,你知道你的妈妈明天是否回来吗?——抱歉,我不知道。她一回家,我就告诉她打电话给你。考查动词时态辨析。comes一般现在时;will come一般将来时。if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,从句用任何时态。tomorrow是一般将来时的标志词,所以第一个空格填will come,排除A选项。gets to和gets是一般现在时,will get是一般将来时。as soon as引导时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,主语she是第三人称,所以空格处填动词的三单形式,home是地点副词,前不加任何介词,故第二个空格填gets。故选D。4. 【 •乐山市】Your idea ____________ good. Let's give it a try and see if it will work.A. sounds B. smells C. looks【答案】A【解析】句意:你的想法听起来很不错,让我们试一试看它是否有效。考查感官动词。sounds听起来;smells闻起来;looks看起来。根据主语“your idea”可知此处用动词sounds表示“你的想法听起来”。故选A。5. 【 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】— Look, Cindy. The flowers in our classroom come out in one night.— That's fantastic! They are beautiful and colorful. They________ nice.A. smells B. smell C. sounds D. sound【答案】B【解析】句意:——听着,辛迪。我们教室里的花一晚上就开花了。——太棒了!它们美丽多彩。它们闻起来很香。考查动词辨析和主谓一致。本句主语They复数,可知谓语动词使用原形,可知排除A和D。花应是闻起来很香,smell:闻起来;sound:听起来。故选B。6. 【 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】Pay no attention to those who laugh at you. What most ________is how you see yourself.A. drinks B. matters C. cares D. minds【答案】B【解析】句意:别理那些嘲笑你的人。最重要的是你如何看待自己。考查动词辨析。drinks喝;matters要紧,重要;cares关心;minds介意;根据句意理解可知,这里表达的是“重要的是……,要紧的是……”,所以这里应用matter,且句子主语是what疑问词,所以动词要用三单形式,故选B。7. 【 •温州】Jim is going to join the Art Club because he likes________.A. cooking B. drawing C. running D. reading【答案】B【解析】句意:吉姆打算加入艺术俱乐部,因为他喜欢画画。考查动词辨析。cooking烹饪;drawing画画;running跑步;reading阅读。根据句中“join the Art Club”可知,他打算加入艺术俱乐部,因为他喜欢画画。故选B。考点2 情态动词1. 【 •北京市】—________ you give me a hand? I can't move the box by myself.—No problem.A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need【答案】A【解析】——你能帮我一下吗?我自己搬不动这个箱子。——没问题。本题考查情态动词。could能,should应该,must必须,need需要。根据I can't move the box by myself可知,我自己搬不动这个箱子,因此请求别人帮助,Could you do sth?你能做某事吗?表示委婉地请求。故选A。2. 【 •贵州省安顺市】With the help of Air Classroom, students ________ keep learning even with schools closed.A. can B. must C. should【答案】A【解析】句意:在空中教室的帮助下,即使学校关闭,学生也可以继续学习。考查情态动词。can可以,表能力;must必须,表必须;should应该,表建议。根据上文With the help of Air Classroom可知,此处指的是即使学校关闭,学生也可以继续学习。A选项符合句意,故选A。3. 【 •贵州黔东南州】—Is that Li Ming over there?—It ________be him. He has gone to Zhenyuan for the Dragon Boat Festival.A. must B. mustn't C. can D. can't【答案】D【解析】句意:——在那边的那个人是李明吗?——不可能是他。他到镇远过端午节去了。考查情态动词。must必须、一定;mustn't不必;can能、能够;can't不可能。根据He has gone to Zhenyuan for the Dragon Boat Festival.可知他到镇远过端午节去了,所以不可能是他,表示“不可能”用can’t;故答案选D。4. 【 •黔西南州】There is a knock at the door. It________my mom. It’s time for her to be back home.A. may be B. may not be C. must be D. mustn’t be【答案】C【解析】句意:有人敲门,一定是妈妈. 该是她回家的时候了。考查情态动词。may be 可能是;may not be可能不是;must be一定是;mustn’t be一定不是。由题干的最后一句可知,说话人猜测敲门人的把握很大,因此只有must be 符合本题意思,故答案选C。5. 【 •贵州铜仁市】—How delicious the meal is! Did Kangkang’s mother cook it?—It________ be her. These days she has been in a poor village to help the people there.A. can’t B. won’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t【答案】A【解析】句意:—这顿饭真好吃!康康的妈妈做的吗? —不可能是她。这些天她一直在一个贫穷的村庄帮助那里的人们。考查情态动词表推测。can't be不可能是;won't=will not将不会;mustn't一定不要,禁止;needn't没必要。根据句子“These days she has been in a poor village to help the people there.”可推测这个人一定不是Kangkang's mother.根据can't be“一定不是”。故选A。6. 【 •黑龙江哈尔滨市】—Whose magazine is this?—It ________ be Nancy's. Look! Her name is on its cover (封面).A. must B. can't C. mustn't【答案】A【解析】句意:——这是谁的杂志?——一定是南希的。看,她的名字在封面上。考查情态动词辨析。must一定,表示肯定推测;can’t不可能,表示否定推测;mustn’t禁止。根据“Look! Her name is on its cover (封面)”可知,这里是肯定推测,故选A。7. 【 •黑龙江省龙东地区】—Mum, ________ I do my homework tonight?—No, you ________. But you must finish it before Sunday.A. need; mustn’t B. must; needn’t C. must; mustn’t【答案】B【解析】句意:——妈妈,今天晚上我必须做我的家庭作业吗?——不,你不需要,但是你必须在星期日之前完成它。考查情态动词辨析。need需要;mustn’t禁止;must必须;needn’t不需要。根据答句部分no可知,问句是一般疑问句,must可以引导一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t;第一空使用must,表示“今天晚上我必须做我的家庭作业吗?”第二空使用needn’t,是否定回答,表示“不需要”。故选B。8. 【 •江苏省苏州市】— Mum, why do I have to wash hands so many times a day?— For your health, you ______ be too careful.A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t【答案】A【解析】句意:——妈妈,为什么我一天必须洗手这么多次?——为了你的健康,你再小心也不为过。考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t不允许;needn’t不必。根据For your health及所给选词,可知,为了你的健康,你再怎么小心也不为过,固定搭配:can’t too表示“再……也不为过”,所以空格处填can’t。故选A。9. 【 •山东滨州市】—On my way to the bookstore, I saw Mary hanging out with her friends. —It________be her. She has gone to Beijing.A. can't B. mustn't C. might D. could【答案】A【解析】句意:——在我去书店的路上,我看见玛丽和她的朋友们在一起。——不可能是她。她去北京了。考查情态动词辨析。can't不可能;mustn't禁止;might可能,表推测;could能,表能力。分析语意可知,此处表示可能性,根据“She has gone to Beijing.”可知,不可能是玛丽,表否定推测。故选A。10. 【 •四川省成都市】—Look! People outside are wearing thick coats.—The weather________ be very cold.A. might B. must C. can't【答案】B【解析】句意:——看!外面的人正穿着厚厚的大衣。——天气一定非常冷。本题考查情态动词。might可能,表示没有把握的推测;must一定,表示没有把握的推测;can’t不可能,表示有把握的推测。根据People outside are wearing thick coats.可知,有把握推测外面的天气非常冷。故选B。12. 【 •凉山州】--- Is that Mary over there?--- It ___________be her. She has gone to Kunming.A. may B. must C. can't D. mustn't【答案】C【解析】句意:——那边的是玛丽吗?——不可能是她。她去昆明了。考查情态动词表推测,may也许,可能;must一定;can't不可能;mustn't禁止。根据“She has gone to Kunming. 她去昆明了”,可知应该是不可能是玛丽,故选C。13. 【 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】My classmate is jumping so far! I________ believe my eyes.A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. can't【答案】D【解析】句意:我的同学跳得这么远。我不能相信自己的眼睛。考查情态动词。shouldn't不应该;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要。根据句意“我的同学跳得这么远”可知应该是“我不能相信自己的眼睛”。故选D。14. 【 •乐山】—____________ we leave the library before 5 o'clock?—No, you needn't. You can stay here until 5:30.A. Must B. May C. Can【答案】A【解析】句意:——我们必须在五点钟之前离开图书馆么?——不,你没必要。你可以在这儿待到五点半。考查情态动词。must必须;may可能;can能够,可以。根据“No, you needn't. You can stay here until 5:30”可知问句表达的是“是不是必须在五点钟之前离开图书馆”,用情态动词must提问,否定回答用needn't表示没有必要。故选A。考点3 动词短语1. 【 •贵州省安顺市】Drugs are harmful to people's physical and mental health. We teenagers must ________ them.A. take care of B. keep away from C. get used to【答案】B【解析】句意:毒品对人们的身心健康有害。我们青少年应该远离它们。考查动词短语。take care of照顾;keep away from远离;get used to习惯。根据前文“Drugs are harmful to people's physical and mental health”说有害,可知是要远离,故选B。2. 【 •贵州铜仁市】—Fangfang, shall we go to see a film on Saturday?— Sorry. I’ll have to________my younger brother because my mother is out.A. look at B. look for C. look up D. look after【答案】D【解析】句意:——芳芳,星期六我们去看电影好吗?——很抱歉。我必须在家照看我的小弟弟,因为妈妈要出去。考查动词短语。look at看……;look for寻找;look up查询、抬头看;look after照看、照顾。根据题干中Sorry及because my mother is out可知,因为妈妈外出,我周六不得不在家“照看”弟弟,所以空处的短语应是“look after”,故选D。3. 【 •黑龙江哈尔滨市】—Who do you admire most, Yang Ming?—Zhong Nanshan. Not only I but also my classmates ________ him.A. look forward to B. look up to C. are up to【答案】B【解析】句意:——杨明,你最敬佩谁?——钟南山。不仅我而且我的同学们都很敬佩他。考查动词短语辨析。look forward to期待着;look up to敬仰,钦佩,仰慕;are up to胜任,从事于……,忙于,根据问句“你最敬佩谁”,可知admire的同义词为look up to,故选B。4. 【 •黑龙江省龙东地区】—Kate, don't forget to ________ the light when you leave the room. —OK, mom.A. cut off B. put off C. turn off【答案】C【解析】句意:——凯特,你离开房间时别忘了关灯。——好的,妈妈。考查动词短语辨析。cut off切断;put off 推迟;turn off关闭。结合句意可知,这里指的是关灯,故选C。5. 【 •黑龙江省龙东地区】I ________ Ding Talk ________ Tencent Meeting, What about you?A. prefer;to B. would rather;than C. like;than【答案】A【解析】句意:与腾讯会议相比我更喜欢钉钉,你呢?考查动词短语辨析。prefer…to…与……相比更喜欢……;would rather…than…宁愿……也不愿……;like…than...,缺少better,没有这个短语。 根据句意可知,这里是指与腾讯会议相比我更喜欢钉钉,故选A。6. 【 •江苏省苏州市】—Tony, come over. What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text message?—Don’t you know that, Amy? They _______ “keep in touch”.A. search for B. ask for C. go for D. stand for【答案】D【解析】句意:——托尼,过来。短信中的"KIT"是什么意思?——你不知道吗,艾米?它们代表“保持联系”。考查动词短语。search for寻找;ask for请求,要求;go for去找,努力获取;stand for代表。根据题干中“What do the letters ‘KIT’ mean in the text message?”可知此处是讲KIT代表“keep in touch”,用stand for符合题意。故选D。7. 【 •山东滨州市】—Tom, it smells so terrible here. — Sorry, mum. I will ________my socks and wash them right away.A. put off B. take off C. turn off D. cut off【答案】B【解析】句意:——汤姆,这里的气味好难闻。——对不起,妈妈。我马上脱下袜子洗一洗。考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟;take off脱下;turn off关闭;cut off切断。分析句意可知,前句提及味道难闻,后句回答内容应与解决难闻的气味相关内容,表示“我马上脱下袜子洗一洗”,结合选项,ACD三项不符合语意,故选B。8. 【 •甘孜州】We have to _____________ the sports meeting for the bad weather.A. put on B. put up C. put off【答案】C【解析】句意:因为糟糕的天气原因,我们不得不推迟运动会。考查动词短语辨析。put on 穿上;增加;put up 张贴;搭建;put off 推迟。根据for the bad weather,可知此处是因为天气原因推迟(举办)运动会。故选C。9. 【 •凉山州】—Why don't you____________ smoking? It's very harmful.—I tried many times, but it's really hard.A. give up B. ring up C. put up【答案】A【解析】句意:——你为什么不能戒烟呢?抽烟是有害的。——我试了很多次,但是很难戒掉。考查动词短语。give up放弃;ring up打电话;put up张贴。根据“I tried many times, but it's really hard”可知此处指的是“戒烟”,用动词短语give up smoking。故选A。10. 【 •凉山州】A lot of schools across China ___________ starting classes because of COVID-19.A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put away【答案】B【解析】句意:中国很多学校因为COVID-19推迟了开学时间。考查动词短语。put up张贴;put off推迟;put on穿上;put away收起来;根据句意理解可知,这里表达的是“推迟开学”,所以应该用put off,故选B。11. 【 •重庆B】When I was young, I ________ by my grandparents.A. look after B. looked after C. am looked after D. was looked after【答案】D【解析】句意:当我小的时候,我是由祖父母照顾的。考查一般过去时被动语态。look after一般现在时;looked after一般过去时;am looked after一般现在时被动语态;was looked after一般过去时被动语态。when引导时间状语从句,从句中was是一般过去时,主句也用一般过去时。主句中by my grandparents是被动语态的标志词,所以此空格应填一般过去时被动语态,故选D。12. 【 •四川达州市】— Mrs. Smith, I have some _________ sleeping. Would you mind ________ the music a bit, please?— OK, of course not.A. troubles;turning up B. trouble;turning down C. problem;to turn down D. problems;turning off【答案】B【解析】句意:——史密斯太太,我入睡有点困难。你介意把音乐声关小一点吗? ——好的,当然不介意。考查固定搭配。have trouble/ problems/ difficulties (in) doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“做某事有困难”,其中trouble为不可数名词,第一个空格前为some,故A、C选项可排除。根据句中a bit提示,第二个空是指将音乐声调小,而不是关掉音乐,且Would you mind doing sth.?为固定搭配,意为“做这事你介意吗?”,故第二个空应填入turning down,故选B。13. 【 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】—I don't know how to ________ the old clothes.— You can give them away to the charity.A. hand in B. deal with C. take up D. clean up【答案】B【解析】句意:——我不知道如何处理这些旧衣服。——你可以把它们捐给慈善机构。考查动词短语。hand in上交;deal with处理;take up开始从事;clean up清理,打扫;根据句意理解及后句You can give them away to the charity.可知,这里说的是“处理”,英语是deal with,故选B。14. 【 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】— Why don' the doctors stop ________ lunch?— Because they are busy ________ a patient.A. to have; to save B. having: saving C. to have; saving D. having; to save【答案】C【解析】句意:——医生们为什么不停下来吃午饭?——因为他们忙着救病人。考查动词短语和形容词短语。stop to do sth.:停下来(一件事)去做某事;stop doing sth.:停止做某事(一件事);be busy doing sth.:忙于做某事。故选C。
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