高教版（2021）基础模块3Unit 2 Community Life精品课时练习

Unit2 Community Life知识串讲

重点单词

重点短语

重点语法

定语从句（一）

在复合句中充当定语成分的从句叫定语从句，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出，通常位于先行词（被修饰的名词或代词等）之后。

关系词通常有三个作用：

（1）连接作用：引导定语从句；

（2）替代作用：指代先行词或整个主句；

（3）成分作用：在定语从句中充当句子成分。

①先行词指人时，定语从句的关系代词可以用 “who, whom, that, whose”

 “that, who, whom”作定语从句的宾语时，常可省略；whom在定语从句中只能作宾语，当关系词前有介词时，只能用whom；whose在定语从句中作定语，后面必须接名词，并与名词一起在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

Tom is the man (that/who/whom) I talked to you about.

= Tom is the man about whom I talked to you. 汤姆就是我与你之前谈论的人。

The woman that/who spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster.

会上讲话的女士是我们新校长。

He is the boy whose father works in this factory.

他就是那个父亲在这个工厂上班的男孩。

②先行词指物时，定语从句的关系代词可以用 “that, which, whose”

“ that, which ”作定语从句的宾语时，也常可省略；whose在定语从句中作定语，后面必须接名词，并与名词一起在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

I’d like a room whose window faces the sea. 我想要一间窗朝向大海的房间。

* “that”和“which”通常可互换使用，但在下列情形中“that”和“which”不可互换：

关系词只能用“that”的情况：

1）当先行词是 “all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing”等不定代词时，例如；

I did nothing that might hurt you. 我一点也没做可能伤害你的事。

2）当先行词前面有all, any, each, few, little, some, no, every等词作为修饰时，例如；

I have finished all the homework that you asked me to do.

我完成了你叫我做的所有作业。

3）当先行词前面有序数词、形容词最高级作为修饰时，例如；

This is the best film that I have seen. 这是我看过最好的电影了。

4）当先行词前面有the only, the same, the very, the last等作为修饰时，例如；

Chatting is the only thing that interests her most. 聊天是她惟一感兴趣的。

5）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时；

Who is the person that is standing over there? 站在那边的人是谁？

6）当先行词既有人也有物时，例如：

She took pictures of things and people that she was interested in.

她拍下了她感兴趣的人和物的照片。

关系词只能用 “ which ” 的情况：

1）在“介词+关系代词”结构中时，例如；

     This is the book about which we are talking. 这是我们正在讨论的书。

2）先行词为that或those时，例如；

     What’s that which you have got in your hand? 你手上拿的是什么？

3）两个定语从句，其中一个用了that时。例如：

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

我给你看下我从对我们新开放的图书馆借的小说。

  4）当定语从句是非限制性定语从句时，例如：

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

那房子很不错，它是我们上个月买的。