考点08 过去时态和语态(核心考点精讲精练)-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮(新高考专用)(教师版)
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这是一份考点08 过去时态和语态(核心考点精讲精练)-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮(新高考专用)(教师版),共17页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题考点分布, 命题规律及备考策略, 过去完成时的意义和构成;, 过去时态的相关语态等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考点08 过去时态和语态(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题考点分布
题型
语法填空
高考考点
过去时态和语态
新高考Ⅰ卷
2023
2022
were一般过去时
2021
was一般过去时
新高考Ⅱ卷
2023
Wished一般过去时
2022
was fixing过去进行时
threw一般过去时
2021
was一般过去时
浙江1月高考卷
2023
were permitted一般过去时的被动语态
featured一般过去时
2022
2021
was一般过去时
2. 命题规律及备考策略(高考语法填空命题:先选好主题语篇,然后再定语法考点,所以2023年新高考I卷,没有考查动词时态和从句,因为语篇不具备考查素材,所以语法复习要全面。)
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于过去时态和语态的考查共计9次,主要考查:
1.一般过去时的意义和构成;
2.过去进行时的意义和构成;
3. 过去完成时的意义和构成;
4. 过去时态的相关语态。
【备考策略】熟记过去时态的意义和构成,正确判断和使用过去时态和语态。
【命题预测】
2024年语法填空继续考查过去时态,主要集中考查一般过去时的语态和时态的判断及运用,同时兼顾其他过去时态。
(不要粗略的总结,给你最全面、实用的考点总结)
考点1.一般过去时
必备基础知识:1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,at that time等。
2.表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。
重难点知识:
1.表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。
2.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示过去将来的动作。
3. 常见句型:
①It is time that sb. should do/did sth.
该到……的时候了
②It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth.
自从做某事已经一段时间了
③would/had rather sb. did sth.
宁愿某人做某事
It is time that we took action to protect our environment.
该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。
As far as I know,it is/has been three years since he joined the army.
据我所知,他参军三年了。
④句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语。
George said that he would come to school to see me the next day,but he didn't.乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我,但是他没有来。
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空)As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
3.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
1.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】The early 1400s was a glorious era in Chinese history. In 1405, a fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board. The largest ships, which ________(be) over 140 meters long, demonstrated the advanced technology and special skills in constructing ships.
【答案】were
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意:最大的那些船,超过140米长,展示了先进的技术和特殊的造船技能。分析句子可知,which引导的定语从句缺谓语,主语ships是复数,且主句谓语demonstrated用了一般过去时。故从句谓语用一般过去时,主谓保持一致。故填were。
2.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these explorations as legends. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard ________ (discover) in Nanjing, where the fleet had been built.
【答案】was discovered
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意:最后的证据是在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂,舰队就是在那里建造的。分析句子可知,when引导的时间状语从句缺谓语; 主语谓语came用了一般过去时,且主语an enormous shipyard(单数名词) 和discover之间是被动关系,因此填一般过去时的被动语态,主谓保持一致。故填was discovered。
3.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】It was his uncle, a doctor, that ________ (save) him.
【答案】saved
【解析】考查时态。句意:是他的医生叔叔救了他。本句使用了强调句型,对句子的主语his uncle进行强调,空处在句中为谓语,结合句中was,所以此处用一般过去时。故填saved。
考点2.过去进行时
必备基础知识:过去进行时的构成为“was/were+doing”。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
重难点知识:1.表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave,start,arrive,go,come等。
2.表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行。
3. 表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作,此用法常见动词有go,begin,leave,arrive,come,return等。
I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候去看你,但是我不得不打电话取消了。
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
1.(2023·天津市新华中学高三一模)However, as I ________ (leave), the director of the film came over and handed me his card.
【答案】was leaving
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:然而,就在我要离开的时候,电影导演走了过来,递给我他的名片。根据句意及came over and handed可知,此处leave应用进行时表示将要发生的动作。故填was leaving。
2.(2023·河北省秦皇岛市高三检测)I forced myself to step forward and immediately stumbled over a toy and the boy who ________ (play) with it.
【答案】was playing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我强迫自己向前走,立刻被一个玩具绊倒了,那个男孩正在玩那个玩具。此处指:我被绊倒时(过去),那个男孩正在玩玩具。故填was playing。
知识点3.过去完成时
必备基础知识:过去完成时的构成为“had+done”。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before,after,by,up till),这种时态从来不孤立使用。
重难点知识:1.动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
2.在“hardly (scarcely)...when...,no sooner...than...”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意思为“一……就……”。
3.by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,主句用过去完成时。
4.表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。
1. [2020·海南卷] They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I ________(collect).
【答案】 had collected
【解析】考查过去完成时。他们喜欢听我所收集的所有“禁果”。根据句意可知collect的动作发生在enjoy之前,故填had collected。
2.【2020·浙江卷】By about 6000 BC,people 61. (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
1. (2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)On Sunday, the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China announced that the C919 aircraft ________ (complete) all six test flights.
【答案】had completed
【解析】考查时态。句意:周日,中国商用飞机有限责任公司宣布C919飞机已完成全部6次试飞。结合语境可知,“完成”这一动作发生在“宣布”之前,表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had completed。
2.(2023·河北省邯郸市高三阶段测试)By the end of my trip, I could tell that I ________ (make) progress in my Portuguese, thanks to them.
【答案】had made
【解析】句意:多亏了他们,在我的旅行结束时,我可以说我在葡萄牙语方面取得了进步。根据could tell及时间状语By the end of my trip可知,that引导的从句应用过去完成时。故填had made。
知识点4.过去将来时
必备基础知识:1.过去将来时构成:①should,would+do;②was/were+going to do;③was/were(about)to do
2.过去将来时的用法:表示从过去某时看将要发生的事,或表示过去习惯性的动作,它常用在宾语从句中。
She said that she would meet us at the gate.她说她会在大门口和我们会合。
I didn't know if she was going to see us off.我不知道她会不会为我们送行。
Whenever I had trouble then.he would held me.
那时每当我遇到困难,他总是帮助我。
She said she would drop in when she had time.
她说她有时间会来拜访的。
重难点知识:在时间、条件状语从句中过去将来时还可用一般过去式代替非真实的动作或状态。
If I were you,I would study French.如果我是你,我会学法语。
(在英国第一人称用should,其他人称用would;在美国所有人称均用would。)
We __________ (be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
【答案】would be
【解析】考查时态。句意:如果你不丢失地图,我们现在就回到宾馆了。表示过去(如果没丢地图)看来将要发生的事情,用过去将来时。故填would be。
Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:爱因斯坦出生在1879年,当时没几个人认为他会成为其理论能改变世界的科学家。句子情境的时间是1879,在当时看来会发生的事,符合一般将来时的用法。故选C。
【关键能力】
动词时态与语法填空:在语法填空中,动词的时态是必考内容。
[应对策略]
1.句中若缺少谓语,注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间,然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。
2.句中缺少谓语,且与主语存在被动关系,考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式,确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。
3.在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时,我们可从四个方面来进行判断:
(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。
(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。
(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如:
①was/were about to do...when...did...
②It is/has been+时间段+since从句(一般过去时)
③It/This/That is the first time that...have/has done...或It/This/That was the first time that...had done...
④It's (high time) that...did/should do...
⑤Hardly had+主语+done...when...did...或No sooner had+主语+done...than...did...
这样的句型还有很多,平时要注意积累。
(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动,还需看所给词是否为及物动词,是否考查主动表被动等。
(5)注意主谓是否一致。
1.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
2.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空) 65(When/As) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
基础过关
(最新模拟试题演练)
1.(2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考)Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues ____37____ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
【答案】founded
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:作为美国喷气和火箭技术的先驱,他和他的同事在20世纪40年代建立了喷气推进实验室,现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。分析句子可知,此处应用动词作谓语,根据时间状语1940s可知,此处应用一般过去时,故空处应用动词一般过去时态。故填founded。
2.(2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二)Qi, an all-round artist, ____61____ (bear) to a family of farmers in Hunan in 1864.
【答案】was born
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:齐白石,一个多才多艺的艺术家,于1864年出生于湖南的一个农民家庭。此处主语Qi与bear之间为被动关系,且时间状语为in 1864,应用一般过去式的被动语态,且主语Qi为单数。故填was born。
3.(2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二)The years spent in rural areas ____63____ (sow) in him a deep-rooted love of nature.
【答案】sowed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在农村生活的岁月在他心中播下了对自然根深蒂固的热爱。此处主语为the years,与谓语动词sow之间为主动关系,且此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填sowed。
4.(2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试(一模))The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China held in south China’s Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket ______(display).
【答案】was displayed
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:见第2题详解。根据句意可知,这句话描述的是过去的事情,主语a model of the rocket和动词display是被动关系,所以谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词用was。故填was displayed。
5. (2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底)Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen ________ (select) to be the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries submitted from 35 countries.
【答案】was selected
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:事实上,“冰墩墩”从35个国家提交的5800多份参赛作品中被选为2019年北京2022年冬奥会的吉祥物。主语与谓语构成被动关系,描述过去发生的动作故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为Bing Dwen Dwen,谓语用单数。故填was selected。
6.(2023·云南省昆明市高三摸底测试)In 2006, Beckham ________ (name) a judge for the British Book Awards.
【答案】was named
【解析】根据时间状语In 2006可知,应用一般过去时;name与主语Beckham为被动关系。故填was named。
7. (2023·江苏省淮安市涟水县第一中学第二次阶段检测)In addition to traditional winter attractions like hot springs and skiing venues, botanical gardens and local temple fairs became popular choices. The people who couldn’t return home were given a chance to get to know more about the places where they ________ (lead) a life.
【答案】led考查时态。句意:那些不能回家的人有机会更多地了解他们生活过的地方。空格处是where引导的定【解析】语从句中的谓语,根据语境可知,句子表示“那些不能回家的人有机会更多地了解他们生活过的地方”,表示“他们生活过的地方”要用一般过去时,空格处用过去式led,故填led。
8. (2023·江苏省南京市第一中学质量检测)The guideline ________(release) early on Thursday by five central departments to solve practical problems that are being faced today and are on the horizon among employees and employers in the gig economy(零工经济).
【答案】was released
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:该指导意见于周四早些时候由五个中央部门发布,旨在解决零工经济中员工和雇主目前面临的、即将出现的实际问题。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语,所以release做谓语动词,和主语guideline之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,又根据时间状语on Thursday,可知用一般过去时。故填was released。
9. (2023·江苏省南通市如皋市统考)When I first heard about the European Summer Course organized by the European Academy Otzenhausen, I was immediately attracted to the opportunity. I excitedly________(submit)my application in April without hesitation.
【答案】submitted
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我在4月份毫不犹豫地提交了我的申请。分析句子可知,空格处为句子的谓语,整篇文章在讲述过去的事情,为一般过去时态,此处谓语为一般过去时态。故填submitted。
10.(2023·江苏省南京师范大学附属中学月考) In 1985, there was little rainfall in Ethiopia, which ____41____(lead) to poor harvests and the death of many of the country's cattle. Bob Geldof organized a charity concert to help the victims. In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency, called the World Food Programme.
【答案】led
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:1985年,埃塞俄比亚几乎没有降雨,这导致了歉收和该国许多牲畜的死亡。由In 1985可知,句子时态是一般过去时,因此空格处是一般过去式,故填led。
11. (2023·青海省西宁市高三上学期一模)On the evening of September1, 2020, “First Class for the New Term” ________ (broadcast) on CCTV-1. This year’s “First Class for the New Term” takes “strong youth, strong China” as the theme, and focuses on the three chapters of “responsibility, unity and science” through many important guests including Zhong Nanshan, Zhang Boli, Zhang Dingyu, Chen Wei and Xie Jun.
【答案】was broadcast
【解析】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:2020年9月1日晚,《新学期第一堂课》在CCTV-1播出。分析句子成分可知,“First Class for the New Term”与所给动词broadcast之间存在被动关系,根据时间状语“On the evening of September 1, 2020”可知,该节目播出的时间为过去,因此broadcast需用一般过去时的被动语态,即was/were done,主语“First Class for the New Term”是单数,因此空格处是was broadcast。故填was broadcast。
12.(2023·江苏省涟水县第一中学第一次阶段检测) When she found out the university offered free tuition to senior citizens, Shanmuganathan said she immediately knew it was her last chance to make her dream of studying political science come true. She began her studies in 2019 and ________ (continue) throughout the pandemic (流行病).
【答案】continued
【解析】考查时态。句意:她于2019年开始学习,并在整个大流行期间继续学习。根据并列连词and及时间状语in 2019可知,时态是一般过去时。设空处与began并列,作谓语,设空处应变过去式。故填continued。
13. (2023·山西省三重教育联考)With lion dances, Chinese kung fu, Chinese crosstalk, songs and dances, students from across New Zealand showed their Chinese language ability in the annual “Chinese Bridge” event. Fifteen secondary school students and two primary school students participated in the event organized by the Confucius Institute in Auckland. The event was a prelude(序幕)to the New Zealand Chinese Language Week 2022, which opened in late September. The Week ________ (launch) essentially as another way to try to bridge the cultural gap between the two countries.
【答案】was launched
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:该周的启动基本上是试图弥合两国之间文化鸿沟的另一种方式。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词形式,主语The Week与提示词launch之间为被动关系,根据上文中的opened in late September可知,应该使用一般过去时态,主语是单数。故填was launched。
14. (2023·山西省三重教育联考)Elijah Grieve from the Lincoln High School started learning Chinese when he was eleven. It was his fifth time that he _______ (participate) in the “Chinese Bridge”.
【答案】had participated
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:这是他第五次参加“汉语桥”。根据固定句型结构It was his fifth time that可知,从句中的谓语动词使用过去完成时态,主语与提示词participate之间为主动关系。故填had participated。
15. (2023·浙江省杭州市一模)Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they __________ (be), the scientists say.
【答案】had been
【解析】考查时态。句意:科学家们表示,在接下来的三四百万年里,蓝鲸的体型比原来大了10倍。根据句意可知,此处be“是”使用过去完成时,表示蓝鲸体积变大之前的体型,因为句中已经有一般过去时的谓语动词grew表示过去已经长了十倍;而主语they为复数,故使用had been。故填had been。
16. (2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模) China is known as the home of tea. It is said that Shennong discover tea around 2700 B.C. At first, tea leaves ________ (chew).
【答案】were chewed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:起初,茶叶被咀嚼。此处在句中作谓语,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,主语tea leaves和动词chew是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动,主语是复数,故填were chewed。
17.(2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟)Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday ______(be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from provincial-level regions of China.
【答案】was
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:周三启程前往土耳其的文职团队中包括蓝天救援,这是一个非营利的中国民间组织,其成员来自中国省级地区。分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是过去的事情,谓语用一般过去时,主语是Blue Sky Rescue,be动词用was。故填was。
18.(2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模)About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the yearly project to count birds. The event________(launch)for the first time 25 years ago.
【答案】was launched
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:该活动于25年前首次推出。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“25 years ago”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语为“the event”,和动词launch之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was launched。
19.(2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考) In 2013, she______(cast) as the lead dancer in two dance performances in the gala feast.
【答案】was cast
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:2013年,她在春晚的两场舞蹈表演中担任领舞。cast与she是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,由In 2013可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was cast。
20.(2023·重庆市第八中学校月考) On arrival in Paris, constantly I ______ (remind) of the official processes I had to complete.
【答案】was reminded
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:抵达巴黎后,我被不断地提醒必须完成官方的流程。空处为主句谓语动词,根据前文last year可知,时态为一般过去时,主语I和remind之间为被动关系,故空处应为一般过去时的被动语态。故填was reminded。
21.(2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟)Concluded by ancestors from the shifting weathers and agricultural production, Lichun _______ (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.
【答案】was regarded
【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:先民从气候变化和农业生产中总结出的立春,在中国古代被视为播种和耕作的指南。分析句子可知,regard(视为)是句中谓语动词,与主语Lichun之间是被动关系,句中有时间状语in ancient China,应使用一般过去时态,又因主语Lichun是专有名词,是第三人称单数概念,所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上,谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态,单数形式。故填was regarded。
22.(2023河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考)Researchers also added a piece to the puzzle of one of the world’s most mysterious animal migrations and________(witness) the record impact of an underwater eruption.
【答案】witnessed
【解析】考查时态。句意:研究人员还为世界上最神秘的动物迁徙之谜之一增加了一块拼图,并目睹了水下火山喷发的创纪录影响。设空处与added并列,同为谓语动词,也用动词过去式,为一般过去时。故填witnessed。
23. (2023·广东省大联考)Another reason is that science is for everyone, no matter whether you ________ (participate) in science or not in the past. The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and ensuring that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.
【答案】participated
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:另一个原因是,科学是每个人的,无论你过去是否参与科学。空处为从句谓语动词,根据“in the past”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填participated。
24. (2023·重庆市名校一诊)Wet and windy weather across Florida delayed their homecoming. SpaceX and NASA finally gave the all-clear on Friday, and the three Americans and one Italian ______(depart) the International Space Station, their residence since April.
【答案】departed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:SpaceX和NASA终于在周五解除了警报,三名美国人和一名意大利人离开了国际空间站,他们自4月以来一直居住在这里。此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时。故填departed。
25. (2023·浙江省金华十校模拟)Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ______ (build) in 1963.
【答案】was built
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:鲍威尔湖是美国第二大人工水库,自1963年建成以来,其潜在蓄水能力已经损失了近7%。设空处在句中做谓语,根据时间状语in 1963,可知句子的时态为一般过去时,设空处和句子的主语it之间是被动关系,可知,设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
能力提升
【2023·浙江省台州市高三第二次教学质量评估】阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
With a history of more than 2,000 years, the Silk Route dates back to Han dynasty. Through this route, the Chinese highly ___1___ (qualify)silk made its fame to the western countries. The merchants in different regions ___2___ (seek)the opportunity of trading Chinese silk ___3___ they indeed made their fortune along this route. That route functioned ___4___ the life blood of international trade at that time. Meanwhile, the Chinese civilization ___5___ (introduce)to the Western countries and vice versa. The Silk Route was considered as a new chapter ___6___ (record)the friendship between the European and Asian peoples.
Throughout all these years, many great figures have made significant contributions to the development of the Silk Route. Today, the Silk Route has a ___7___ (poet)name called One Belt One Road, aiming to help those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more advanced road. The main cities alongside it are becoming ___8___ (large)and more important in helping trade and culture exchange. Many countries have gained great ___9___ (benefit)along the trading process. All in all, the ancient Silk Road is more like ___10___ historical textbook for everyone to read and to know about what happened during that ancient time. It has been playing a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国丝绸之路的起源、发展及意义。
1.qualified考查词形转换。通过这条路线,中国优质丝绸在西方国家享有盛名。此处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词silk,highly qualified意为“高质量的”,故填qualified。
2.sought考查动词时态。不同地区的商人寻求贸易中国丝绸的机会,他们确实在这条路线上发了财。此处在句中作谓语,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,故填sought。
3.where考查定语从句。不同地区的商人寻求贸易中国丝绸的机会,他们确实在这条路线上发了财。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是抽象地点名词opportunity,且从句中缺少地点状语,应用where来运动,故填where。
4.as考查固定搭配。那条路线是当时国际贸易的命脉。function as固定搭配,意为“起……的作用”,故填as。
5.was introduced考查动词时态语态。与此同时,中华文明被引进西方国家,反之亦然。此处在句中作谓语,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,且主语the Chinese civilization和动词introduce是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动,主语是单数,故填was introduced。
6.recording考查非谓语动词。丝绸之路被认为是记录欧亚人民友谊的新篇章。句中有谓语,且前后无连词,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词chapter,且和动词record是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填recording。
7.poetic考查词形转换。今天,丝绸之路有一个富有诗意的名字——一带一路,旨在帮助那些在文化和经济交流方面相连的地区走上一条更加先进的道路。此处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词name,表示“诗意的”,为形容词poetic,故填poetic。
8.larger考查形容词比较级。在促进贸易和文化交流方面,毗邻的主要城市正在变得越来越大,越来越重要。由句意和more important可知,此处表示“更大的”,应用形容词比较级,作表语,故填larger。
9.benefits考查名词复数。许多国家在贸易过程中获益匪浅。此处应用名词benefit作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数表示泛指,故填benefits。
10.a考查冠词。总而言之,古代丝绸之路更像是一本历史教科书,人人都可以阅读并了解那个古代发生了什么。此处表示“一本历史教科书”,应用不定关系来修饰,且historical发音是以辅音音素开头,应用a,故填a。
真题感知
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空)As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
3.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
4.(2023·全国乙卷 语法填空)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 67. (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】was amazed
【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意参考上题。本空动作发生在过去,且动词amaze和句子主语I之间为被动关系,故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为I, 助动词用was。
5.【2022·新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】 were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
6.【2022·全国高考乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony.
【答案】addressed
【解析】考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
7.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
8.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【答案】threw
【解析】考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。
9.(2021新课标I卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】句意为:你不禁要问,当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难,根据时间状语then,可知描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,主语为it,故填was.
10.(2021新课标II卷)Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
【答案】was
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
11.(2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【答案】was built
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。
12.(2021全国甲卷)We ____________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
13.(2021年浙江卷) Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
14.(2021年浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ___________ (sell)most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
15.(2021年浙江卷1月)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____41____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
16.(2020新课标I卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
17.(2020新课标III卷)The artist was sure he would___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
18.(2020新课标III卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
19.(2020山东卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
20.(2020北京卷)The Neanderthals___ ___(live)alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
【答案】lived/had lived/had been living
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年,直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语,结合句意,此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前,结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态;又因动作发生在过去,强调过去发生的动作,也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
21.(2020浙江卷)And,as more children were born,more food ______(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
22.(2020浙江卷)By about 6000 BC,people ______ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
23.(2020浙江卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with the rise of science,changes began. New methods __________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
24.(2020浙江卷1月)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950______(be)30—today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
25.(2020浙江卷1月)However, greater attention should______(place)on longevity(长寿).
【答案】be placed
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
26.(2019新课标II卷)Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award,proud Irene ________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
27.(2019新课标III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended
28.(2019新课标III卷)On the last day of our week-long stay, we _________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意:我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。
29.(2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ________(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I,两者关系是被动,动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。
30.(2019浙江卷)When the children are walking or ______(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
【答案】were invited
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
31.(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students’ grades ______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去时,主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
32.(2019北京卷)On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ______(voice) my biggest concern to my mother.
【答案】voiced
【解析】考查时态。句意:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧,“我将如何交朋友?”此处的voice是动词,“表达”的意思,作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情,用一般过去时。故填voiced。
33.(2019北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question ______(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t.
【答案】suggests/suggested/has suggested
【解析】考查时态。句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果,所以用一般现在时,一般过去时或现在完成时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
34.(2018新课标II卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态。
35.(2018新课标III卷)True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal __________(mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态,描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态。
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