考点08 过去时态和语态（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（学生版）

考点08 过去时态和语态（核心考点精讲精练）

1. 三年真题考点分布

2. 命题规律及备考策略（高考语法填空命题：先选好主题语篇，然后再定语法考点，所以2023年新高考I卷，没有考查动词时态和从句，因为语篇不具备考查素材，所以语法复习要全面。）

【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于过去时态和语态的考查共计9次，主要考查：

1．一般过去时的意义和构成；

2．过去进行时的意义和构成；

3.  过去完成时的意义和构成；

4.  过去时态的相关语态。

【备考策略】熟记过去时态的意义和构成，正确判断和使用过去时态和语态。

【命题预测】

2024年语法填空继续考查过去时态，主要集中考查一般过去时的语态和时态的判断及运用，同时兼顾其他过去时态。

（不要粗略的总结，给你最全面、实用的考点总结）

考点1．一般过去时

必备基础知识：1．表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last year，last night，the other day，just now，then，two days ago，in 1999，at that time等。

2．表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。

重难点知识：

1．表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。

2．在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。

3. 常见句型：

①It is time that sb. should do/did sth.

该到……的时候了

②It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...did sth.

自从做某事已经一段时间了

③would/had rather sb. did sth.

宁愿某人做某事

It is time that we took action to protect our environment.

该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。

As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.

据我所知，他参军三年了。

④句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语。

George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didn't.乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我，但是他没有来。

1.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）As a little girl,I 65.　　　　　　 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 

2.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.

3.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).

1.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】The early 1400s was a glorious era in Chinese history. In 1405, a fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board. The largest ships, which ________(be) over 140 meters long, demonstrated the advanced technology and special skills in constructing ships.

2.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these explorations as legends. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard ________ (discover) in Nanjing, where the fleet had been built.

3.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】It was his uncle, a doctor, that ________ (save) him.

考点2．过去进行时

必备基础知识：过去进行时的构成为“was/were＋doing”。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。

重难点知识：1．表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave，start，arrive，go，come等。

2．表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行。

3. 表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。

I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.

我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。

【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.

1．(2023·天津市新华中学高三一模)However, as I ________ (leave), the director of the film came over and handed me his card.

2.(2023·河北省秦皇岛市高三检测)I forced myself to step forward and immediately stumbled over a toy and the boy who ________ (play) with it.

知识点3．过去完成时

必备基础知识：过去完成时的构成为“had＋done”。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before，after，by，up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。

重难点知识：1．动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。

2．在“hardly (scarcely)．..when...，no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一……就……”。

3．by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。

4．表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。

1. [2020·海南卷] They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I ________（collect）.

2.【2020·浙江卷】By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

1. （2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）On Sunday, the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China announced that the C919 aircraft ________ (complete) all six test flights.

2．(2023·河北省邯郸市高三阶段测试)By the end of my trip, I could tell that I ________  (make) progress in my Portuguese, thanks to them.

知识点4．过去将来时

必备基础知识：1.过去将来时构成：①should，would+do；②was／were+going to do；③was／were(about)to do

2.过去将来时的用法：表示从过去某时看将要发生的事，或表示过去习惯性的动作，它常用在宾语从句中。

She said that she would meet us at the gate．她说她会在大门口和我们会合。

I didn't know if she was going to see us off．我不知道她会不会为我们送行。

Whenever I had trouble then．he would held me．

那时每当我遇到困难，他总是帮助我。

She said she would drop in when she had time．

她说她有时间会来拜访的。

重难点知识：在时间、条件状语从句中过去将来时还可用一般过去式代替非真实的动作或状态。

If I were you，I would study French．如果我是你，我会学法语。

 (在英国第一人称用should，其他人称用would；在美国所有人称均用would。)

We __________ （be） back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he       a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

A. has been     B. had been        C. was going to be       D. was

【关键能力】

动词时态与语法填空：在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。

[应对策略]

1．句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。

2．句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。

3．在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断：

(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。

(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。

(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：

①was/were about to do...when...did...

②It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句(一般过去时)

③It/This/That is the first time that...have/has done...或It/This/That was the first time that...had done...

④It's (high time) that...did/should do...

⑤Hardly had＋主语＋done...when...did...或No sooner had＋主语＋done...than...did...

这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。

(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给词是否为及物动词，是否考查主动表被动等。

(5)注意主谓是否一致。

1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

2．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.

基础过关

（最新模拟试题演练）

1.（2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues ____37____ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.

2.（2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）Qi, an all-round artist, ____61____  (bear) to a family of farmers in Hunan in 1864.

3.（2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）The years spent in rural areas ____63____ (sow) in him a deep-rooted love of nature.

4.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模））The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China held in south China’s Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket ______（display）.

5. （2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底）Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen ________ (select) to be the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries submitted from 35 countries.

6．(2023·云南省昆明市高三摸底测试)In 2006,  Beckham ________ (name) a judge for the British Book Awards.

7. （2023·江苏省淮安市涟水县第一中学第二次阶段检测）In addition to traditional winter attractions like hot springs and skiing venues, botanical gardens and local temple fairs became popular choices. The people who couldn’t return home were given a chance to get to know more about the places where they ________ (lead) a life.

8. （2023·江苏省南京市第一中学质量检测）The guideline ________(release) early on Thursday by five central departments to solve practical problems that are being faced today and are on the horizon among employees and employers in the gig economy(零工经济).

9. （2023·江苏省南通市如皋市统考）When I first heard about the European Summer Course organized by the European Academy Otzenhausen, I was immediately attracted to the opportunity. I excitedly________(submit)my application in April without hesitation.

10.（2023·江苏省南京师范大学附属中学月考） In 1985, there was little rainfall in Ethiopia, which ____41____(lead) to poor harvests and the death of many of the country's cattle. Bob Geldof organized a charity concert to help the victims. In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency, called the World Food Programme.

11. （2023·青海省西宁市高三上学期一模）On the evening of September1, 2020, “First Class for the New Term” ________ (broadcast) on CCTV-1. This year’s “First Class for the New Term” takes “strong youth, strong China” as the theme, and focuses on the three chapters of “responsibility, unity and science” through many important guests including Zhong Nanshan, Zhang Boli, Zhang Dingyu, Chen Wei and Xie Jun.

12.（2023·江苏省涟水县第一中学第一次阶段检测） When she found out the university offered free tuition to senior citizens, Shanmuganathan said she immediately knew it was her last chance to make her dream of studying political science come true. She began her studies in 2019 and ________ (continue) throughout the pandemic (流行病).

13. （2023·山西省三重教育联考）With lion dances, Chinese kung fu, Chinese crosstalk, songs and dances, students from across New Zealand showed their Chinese language ability in the annual “Chinese Bridge” event. Fifteen secondary school students and two primary school students participated in the event organized by the Confucius Institute in Auckland. The event was a prelude(序幕)to the New Zealand Chinese Language Week 2022, which opened in late September. The Week ________ (launch) essentially as another way to try to bridge the cultural gap between the two countries.

14. （2023·山西省三重教育联考）Elijah Grieve from the Lincoln High School started learning Chinese when he was eleven. It was his fifth time that he _______ (participate) in the “Chinese Bridge”.

15. （2023·浙江省杭州市一模）Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they __________ (be), the scientists say.

16. (2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模) China is known as the home of tea. It is said that Shennong discover tea around 2700 B．C． At first, tea leaves ________ (chew).

17.(2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟)Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday ______(be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from provincial-level regions of China.

18.（2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模）About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the yearly project to count birds. The event________(launch)for the first time 25 years ago.

19.（2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考） In 2013, she______(cast) as the lead dancer in two dance performances in the gala feast.

20.（2023·重庆市第八中学校月考） On arrival in Paris, constantly I ______ (remind) of the official processes I had to complete.

21.（2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟）Concluded by ancestors from the shifting weathers and agricultural production, Lichun _______ (regard) as a guide for sowing and plowing in ancient China.

22.（2023河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考）Researchers also added a piece to the puzzle of one of the world’s most mysterious animal migrations and________(witness) the record impact of an underwater eruption.

23. （2023·广东省大联考）Another reason is that science is for everyone, no matter whether you ________ (participate) in science or not in the past. The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and ensuring that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.

24. （2023·重庆市名校一诊）Wet and windy weather across Florida delayed their homecoming. SpaceX and NASA finally gave the all-clear on Friday, and the three Americans and one Italian ______(depart) the International Space Station, their residence since April.

25. （2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ______ (build) in 1963.

能力提升

【2023·浙江省台州市高三第二次教学质量评估】阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

With a history of more than 2,000 years, the Silk Route dates back to Han dynasty. Through this route, the Chinese highly ___1___ (qualify)silk made its fame to the western countries. The merchants in different regions ___2___ (seek)the opportunity of trading Chinese silk ___3___ they indeed made their fortune along this route. That route functioned ___4___ the life blood of international trade at that time. Meanwhile, the Chinese civilization ___5___ (introduce)to the Western countries and vice versa. The Silk Route was considered as a new chapter ___6___ (record)the friendship between the European and Asian peoples.

Throughout all these years, many great figures have made significant contributions to the development of the Silk Route. Today, the Silk Route has a ___7___ (poet)name called One Belt One Road, aiming to help those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more advanced road. The main cities alongside it are becoming ___8___ (large)and more important in helping trade and culture exchange. Many countries have gained great ___9___ (benefit)along the trading process. All in all, the ancient Silk Road is more like ___10___ historical textbook for everyone to read and to know about what happened during that ancient time. It has been playing a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China.

真题感知

1.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）As a little girl,I 65.　　　　　　 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 

2.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.

3.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).

4.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 67.　　　　　 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.

5.【2022·新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

6.【2022·全国高考乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony.

7.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.

8.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.

9.（2021新课标I卷）You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

10.（2021新课标II卷）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.

11.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

12.（2021全国甲卷）We ____________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.

13.（2021年浙江卷） Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _________ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.

14.（2021年浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ___________ （sell）most of their furniture.

15.（2021年浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____41____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.

16.（2020新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

17.（2020新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.

18.（2020新课标III卷）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.

19.（2020山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.

20.（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals___    ___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.

21.（2020浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food ______(need).

22.（2020浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people ______ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

23.（2020浙江卷）This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of science，changes began. New methods __________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.

24.（2020浙江卷1月）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950______(be)30—today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.

25.（2020浙江卷1月）However, greater attention should______(place)on longevity(长寿).

26.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene ________（declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.

27.（2019新课标III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.

28.（2019新课标III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we _________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars

29. （2018浙江卷）I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ________(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

30.（2019浙江卷）When the children are walking or ______(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.

31.（2019浙江卷）One study in America found that students’ grades ______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.

32.（2019北京卷）On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ______(voice) my biggest concern to my mother.

33.（2019北京卷）Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question ______(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t.

34.（2018新课标II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

35.（2018新课标III卷）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal  __________(mean) me no real harm.