初中英语2024届中考复习强调句知识讲解

中考英语强调句知识讲解一、强调句的定义强调句（The Emphatic Pattern)是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过这种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。 人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能为听者或读者恰当的理解，必须突出重要的内容，这就需要运用强调的手段。二、强调句的基本句型结构1、强调句的陈述句句型为：It is /was+被强调的部分+that/who引导的从句+原句其他部分。[例]It is because he is ill that he can’t come.是因为生病他才没有来。2、强调句的一般疑问句型（把is/ was提到it前面）：Is / Was +it+被强调的部分+that/ who/ whom引导的从句+原句其他的部分。[例]Is it because he is ill that he can’t come? 是因为生病他才没有来吗?3、强调句的特殊疑问句型：被强调部分特殊疑问词（When /Where/ Why/ Who/ What/ How ）+is/ was +it +that从句+原句的其他部分。[例]Why is it that he can’t come? 他为什么不能来?【要点提示】1、It is／was…that…强调句型中，被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。[例]普通句：He met an old friend in the park yesterday. 他昨天在公园碰见一个老朋友。上述句子可以通过强调句型对除谓语以外的不同成分进行强调。[例]①It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.(强调主语)②It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)③It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.(强调地点状语)④It was yesterday that he met an old friend in he park.  (强调时间状语)2.主谓一致。“It is／was…that…”强调句型中，无论强调的主语是单数还是复数，强调句中所用的be动词始终都是is或者是was，如果强调的是将来或者是正在发生的事情或正在进行的动作的时候，只能用is。如果强调过去已经完成的就用was。[例]①It is some books that I am going to buy.我要买的是一些书。②It isWestern health-care system that (which) are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease.正是西方国家医疗保健机构，在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。③ It was Ann Peters' husband that (who) rushed her to a nearby hospital last night.昨晚，正是安妮，彼德的丈夫，立即送她去了附近医院。3.连接词。在这种强调句式中，一般用that引出句子的其他部分。如果被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时，可以用who代替that引出句子的其他部分；在强调状语的时候，无论被强调的部分是表示时间还是地点, 都不能用when或者where，连接词只能用that。4、强调句去掉了it is/ was…+that之后，对于句子的完整性不造成影响。It was（过去时） I who/that met（过去时） him in the park this morning.所以当 it is/was …… that/who 删除时，句子的结构依旧完整（即 I met him in the park this morning.）5、It is／was…that…强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since、as或why引导。[例]It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.正是由于水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。（不用ah或since)6.It is／was…that…强调句型中，that作宾语时可以省略。[例]①It was a new dictionary (that) Father bought for me.父亲给我买的是一本新字典。②Was it her (that) you were talking about? 你刚才是和她在谈话吗？【练一练】1.It____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.A.Was  B.are  C.were  D.had been2.It_____at Christmas that John Smith gave Mary a handbag.A.must have B.will beC.might have been   D.may have had3.It_____ he who is good at dealing with such things.A.is   B.was   C.am  D.are4.It______ William and Carol who helped me the other day.A.has been  B.are   C.was  D.were5.It ____the students who want to teach themselves so badly.A.Are  B.is  C.were  D.was6.Is it______ who wants to see you?A.him  B.he   C.his  D.himself7.-- What is Mary?--Was it____ that you referred to?A.he  B.she  C.her  D.they8.It is I who____in debt.A.am  B.is  C.are  D.was答案：ACACBBCA【强调句和定语从句的区别】1.引导词不同。在定语从句中一般使用关系代词that, which, who, whom 或关系副词 when, where, why等，而在强调句中则主要使用that,who。①It was a room where we used to have meetings.它是我们过去常在开会的房子。( where所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明，它是定语从句)②It was in the room that we used to have meetings.过去我们开会就在这间房子里。( ( in the room是被强调的部分，本句是强调句型)2.中心词不同。定语从句的先行词（中心词）一般是名词或名词短语，而在强调句中，可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容。强调句：①It was him that I met in the park this morning.今天早上我在公园里遇见的正是他。（强调宾语 him）②It was in the park that I met him this morning.今天早上我正是在公园里遇见了他。（强调地点状语 in the park）③It was this morning that I met him in the park.正是在今天早上我在公园里遇见了他。（强调时间状语 this morning）定语从句：It is an English book (that/ which) I bought yesterday.它是我昨天买的书。it的功能不同。在强调句中，It是个引导词，没有具体含义，如果去掉It is...that/who,把语序稍加调整，句子结构仍然是完整的。定语从句中，it是主语，如果去掉It is...that/who,则句子成份不完整。[例]原句：I met him in the park this morning.我今天早上在公园里遇见了他。①强调句型：It was I who/that met him in the park this morning.当我们对句中的某个成分进行强调时，是直接移到 it is/was …… that/who 里面，而不改变其形式（即不用把主格I 变为宾格me） ，由于不改变其形式，所以当 it was …… that/who 删除时，句子的结构依旧完整（即I met him in the park this morning.）②定语从句：It is me who/that met him in the park this morning.（此时在定语从句中的 it 是句子的主语，me为表语，所以用宾格。当 it is …… that/who 删除时，句子的结构不完整（即me met him in the park this morning.）注意：①It was（过去时） I who/that met（过去时） him in the park this morning.。（强调句it is/was 中be动词的时态是跟着被强调的句子的时态走的）②It is（现在时） me who/that met（过去时） him in the park this morning.（定语从句中be 动词的时态不随从句的时态变化。）强调句与定语从句的比较【例】①It was a room where we used to have meetings.它是我们过去常在开会的房子。( where所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明，它是定语从句)②It was in the room that we used to have meetings.过去我们 会就在这间房子里。( in the room是被强调的部分，本句是强调句型)③It is a day when the people celebrate their victory.这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子(when所引导的从句对a day进行说明，是定语从句)④It was on that day that people celebrated their victory.就在那 一天，人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调 on October 1,1949，是强调句型)【练一练】① It was on the National Day _____she met with her separated sister.A.that  B.where  C.when   D.which②-When did you get to know him?-It was on the morning of May 1st _________I was playing in the park.A.that B.when  D.which   C.where③It was at eight o'clock______I left home.A.that   B.since  C.when  D.while④It was the middle of the night ______ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.A.That  B.as  C.which  D.when答案：CDCD三、not … until … 句型的强调句句型结构为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分。普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not ...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。比较下列三个句子：普通句：She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor untilshe had arrived home.强调句：It was not until she had arrived home that she rememberedher appointment with the doctor.倒装句：Not until she had arrived home did she remember herappointment with the doctor.【练一练】1.Not until I began to work ____how much time I had wasted.A.didn't I realize  B.did I realizeC.I didn't realize  D.I realize2.It ______we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _____I found we had a lot in common.A.was until; when     B.was until; thatC.wasn't until; when   D.wasn't until; that3.It was not until I came here ______I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.A.Who  B.that  C.Where  D.before答案：AAB。四、强调句的其他表现形式英语表示强调的方法很多，比如在口语中可以用重读来强调，在书面语中则可通过使用表示强调意义的词语来强调，也可以通过将被强调成分置于句首这样的“显要”位置来强调，还可以使用专门的强调句式来强调。1、用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词当句子中没有其他的助动词时，我们可以在动词前使用助动词do表示对该动词的强调。注意，这样用的do只用于现在时或过去式(即只有do, does, did这样的形式)，不能用于进行时、完成时等形式(如不用于is doing, has done等)。①He does know the place well.他的确很熟悉这个地方。② He did send you a letter last week.他上周确实给你寄过一封信。③We´re pleased that she does intend to come.她的确打算来，我们非常高兴。④He does look tired.他看起来确实很累。⑤He did come but soon went back.他确实来了，但很快又回来了。⑥She did write to say thank you.她确实写信说谢谢。2、用某些形容词来强调英语中用于强调的形容词比较多，比如那些表示“极端”和“完全”概念的形容词通常就可以用于表示强调，这类形容词主要的有：very恰好是，正是，十足的；only唯一的，single单一的；such这样的；mere仅仅的；horough十足的；plain完全的；complete彻底的；pure完全的；perfect全然的。① That's the very textbook we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。② You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。③ Not a single person has been in the shop this morning.今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。④ How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？⑤ Jim looked a perfect fool.吉姆看上去真是个大傻瓜。⑥ We gave the room a thorough cleaning.我们彻底打扫了这个房间。3、用某些副词来强调用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有－l y的副词来进行强调①Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？②He never said a word the whole day.一整天，他一句话也没说。③ You've got to be very，very careful.你一定得非常、非常小心。④This is just what I wanted.这正是我所要的。⑤He was badly wounded.他伤得很严重。⑥I really don't know what to do next.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。用某些介词短语来强调4.用in the world， in the least，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气。① Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？②What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？③Do you know at all？你到底知不知道④Where in the world did you go just now ? 你刚才究竟去哪儿了？⑤What on earth are you doing? 你究竟在干什么？⑥She's not in the least angry with me.她一点也不生我的气。5、用句首位置来强调在英语中，句首位置是通常用于表示强调的一个地方，当某个本来不应置于句首的成分放在句首，往往会对这个成分构成强调。①This the students can understand.这是学生们可以理解的。②This everyone must remember.这一点每个人都得记住。6、用定语从句来强调有时我们可以使用定语从句来对一个名词进行强调，如用the person who, the thing that, the place where, the day when, the reason why这样的结构，把需要强调的名词与定语从句连在一起。①The place where Mary keeps pigs is the garden shed.玛丽养猪的地方是花园里的小屋。②The person who I met in the park yesterday is my best friend.我昨天在公园理遇见的那个人是我最好的朋友。③The reason why I was late for school this morning is that I overslept.我今天早上迟到的原因是我睡过头了。7、用what从句来强调当what的意思是表示“所……的……”时，它通常具有强调意味，此时的what通常相当于“先行词+关系代词”结构。①What John wants is a ball.约翰想要的是一个球。②What Mary does every day is (to) give piano lessons.玛丽每天干的工作是教钢琴。③What he says is not important.他说的并不重要。④What you do is(to)mix the eggs with flour.你要做的就是把鸡蛋和面粉混合。8.用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感①How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！②Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！9.用重复来表示强调①Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。②They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多英里。 10.用倒装句表示强调用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气。 ①On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。②Many a time have I climbed that hill.我多次翻过那座山。③Only in this way can we solve this problem.只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。④Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中国决不会第一个使用核武器。⑤Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass the world's advanced level of science and technology.只有这样，我们才能赶上并超过世界先进科技水平。⑥Happy are those who are content.知足常乐。11.用If来表示强调：1）If从句＋I don't know who／what，etc.does／is／has，etc.；主语部分也可以用nobody does／is／has，etc.或everybody does／is／has，et c.来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）： ①If he can't do it，I don't know who can.要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做） ②If Jim is a coward，everybody is.要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼） 2）if从句＋it be主句（把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）： ①If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。 ②If there is one thing he loves，it is money 如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。12 黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work.那是因为艰苦的工作--十年艰苦的工作！13.用修辞疑问句，表示强调疑问句转用作加强语气的陈述句时，即可称为修辞性疑问句。需要注意的是：肯定的修辞疑问句其意义相当于强调的否定陈述句；而否定的修辞疑问句其意义则相当于强调的肯定陈述句。[例]①Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement? 谁能怀疑他陈述的真实性？(＝ Surely no one can / would doubt it.)②Who doesn't know the sun rises in the east? 谁不知道太阳从东方升起？(＝Everyone knows…)