初中英语2024届中考语法知识讲解（倒装句+强调句）

这是一份初中英语2024届中考语法知识讲解（倒装句+强调句），共6页。学案主要包含了倒装句，强调句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语句子通常有两种语序:主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。倒装语序分为： a 完全倒装 b 部分倒装
（一）完全倒装
谓语动词置主语前，且主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装。谓语部分无助动词（ d,have ）和情态动词，但可以用连系动词 be.完全倒装有以下情况：
1.当句首为副词in,ut,up,dwn,here,there ,ff,away, ver, 等，且主语为名词时，这类倒装句只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Our teacher came in.
－＞In came ur teacher.
Out rushed the bys.
Here cmes the bus.
There ges the bell.铃响了。
注意：
主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is.
Away he went.
2.当地点介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，不加助动词did, des或d.
On tp f the hill stands a big pine tree. Under the tree were sme children.
Under a big tree ___D_____, half asleep.
A.did sat a fat man B.a fat man sat
C.did a fat man sat D.sat a fat man
3.there be 结构，be 与后面的主语保持一致.与 there 连用的动词还有stand, lie, live ，cme,enter, flw, rise,exist,seem,appear ，happen 等。
There were a lt f peple in the park last Sunday.上周日公园里有很多人。
There lies a large wheat field in frnt f the huse.
Once there lived a king wh was cruel t his peple.从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。
There came shuts fr help frm the river. In frnt f the twer there flews a stream.
4.主语较长，表语形容词、过去分词，then时间副词等较短放在句首，为保持句子平衡，应完全倒装。
Typical fr China is the crsstalk shw， in which tw cmedians entertain the audiences with wrds.中国典型的艺术形式是相声，两名演员用言语来逗乐观众。
Gne are the days when we Chinese were lked dwn upn.中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。
Gne frever are the days when the Chinese peple had t use freign il.
Then came 8 years f the Anti Japanese War.
Lng live the Chinese Cmmunist Party f China！中国共产党万岁！
（二）部分倒装
将助动词调到主语前，主语可以是名词也可以是代词。使用部分倒装的情况有：
否定词放句首时， never ，neither ，nr ，few ,little ，seldm ，hardly ，scarcely，
rarely ,in n way ，at n time ，by n means, nt ，n, n sner,nwhere， nt nly nt until
We seldm get up at fur in the mrning.
= Seldm d we get up at fur in the mrning.
Seldm des he spend his time playing cards.他很少花时间去玩扑克。
Nt a single wrd frm him culd the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard f such a silly thing.
Never have I heard f that place befre.我以前从未听说过那个地方。
Nt nly is he busy, but als I have a lt f wrk t d.
Nt nly des he speak English very well, but als he speaks French well.
Nt nly did he give me sme advice，but als he lent me sme mney.
Neither des he watch TV，nr des he see films in the evening.
注1 当nt nly… but als ， neither …… nr …… 连接两个主语等时，不用倒装；
Nt nly yu but als he is busy.
Neither yu nr he is busy.
注2 由 nt until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。
He did nt return t his hmetwn until 1998
=＞Nt until 1998 did he return t his hmetwn .
We did nt begin t have supper last night until Father came back
=＞Nt until Father came back did we begin t have supper last night.
注3 in n time立刻，马上，放句首不倒装
注4
hardly…when;rarely…when,scarcely…when, n sner…than引导的句子用过去完成时。主句倒装，从句不倒装。
正常语序
主语+had hardly dne when… did
倒装语序
Hardly had + 主语+ dne when… did
例如
The bell had hardly rung when the class began.
=＞Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
Rarely had he gne t bed when he fell asleep.他一上床就睡着了。
Scarcely had I gt int the classrm when it began t rain.
N sner had he arrived in Beijing than he began t wrk.
2 nly 修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语放在句首时，
Only when he tld me the news did I knw what had happened.
Only when yu tld me did I knw her name.直到你告诉我，我才知道她的名字。
Only in this way can yu make prgress in yur English.
Only in this way can we slve the prblem.
注意：如果 nly 修饰主语，则句子不倒装。
Only Uncle Li knws hw it happened. 只有李叔叔知道这件事是怎么发生的。
3.s ＋形容词/副词＋that 从句，构成的部分倒装。
Light travels s fast that it is difficult fr us t imagine its speed.
= S fast des light travel that it is difficult fr us t imagine its speed.
S easy was the wrk that they finished it in a few days.
S frightened was he that he didn’t dare mve.
S quietly did she speak that we culd nt hear a wrd.
4 .such 及“ such + 形容词 + 名词＋that 从句”置于句首时，应用部分倒装。
如：
Such gd players are they that they ften win.他们是好队员，所以他们经常获胜。
Such is Zhng Cheng， a kind and helpful student.
5 .S ,neither / nr表示也或也不的倒装
①s肯定倒装：s d I，我也一样，所谈到的是两个人或物
Yu can ride a bike.S can I .
He has been t Beijing.S have I .
②s I d “的确如此” 指同一人或物， 表示同意前者的观点。
Li Lei likes sprts.S he des and s d I.他的确喜欢，我也是的。
③I d s我做了这个事(按照吩咐)
④neither / nr否定倒装： neither / nr + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”。
The first ne isn’t gd, neither is the secnd.
If she desn’t g there tmrrw，neither/ nr will I.如果她明天不去那儿，我也不去。
⑤s it is with…表示两人不同样的两个情况
His uncle is a wrker and has been wrking in the factry fr mre than ten years ,s it is with his aunt.
6.时间频率且有肯定意义的词语: ften ，nw, just, every day ，nw and again 等
置于句首用来强调时，应用部分倒装。
Often des he send me e-mails t greet me.他经常给我发电子信件问候我。
7.省略 if 的虚拟条件句，可将 were ，had ，shuld 提至主语前。如：
If I were yu, I wuld take the jb.
= Were I yu, I wuld take the jb.
Were I yu，I wuld g there tmrrw.要是我是你，我明天就会去那儿。
Had yu been there，yu wuld have met the manager himself.
要是你去了那儿，你就会见到经理本人了。
（三）主谓不倒装的倒装句
as / thugh引导的让步从句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。
（1）名词 + as + 主语 + 系动词。句首名词不能带任何冠词。如：
Child as /thugh he was, he knew what was the right thing t d.
Student as he is, he des nt study hard.
他虽然是个学生，却不努力学习。
Strng man as [thugh] he is, General Btha has been severely put t the test during the past few weeks.波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。
（2） 形容词 + as/thugh + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Tired as/ thugh he is, he ffers t help me.
（3）副词 + as /thugh + 主语 + 谓语部分。如：
Much as I admire his curage, I dn’t think he acted wisely.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree t his prpsal.
（4）分词 + as/thugh + 主语 + 系动词。如：
Well-written as/ thugh the bk is, the authr is nt satisfied and prepared t revise it.
尽管这本书写得很好，作者还是不满意并打算修改它。
Surrunded as/ thugh we were by the enemy, we managed t march frward.
虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。
Raining as/ thugh it is, I’m ging ut fr a walk.
Munching the apple as/ thugh he was, he had gt an eye fr all Jhn’s mvements.
他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。
（5）动词原形 + as/thugh + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词may, might, will,wuld等）。句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
例如：
Try as yu will, yu wn’t be able t persuade him.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able t d the wrk satisfactrily.
Lse mney as he des, he gets a lt f experience
Fail in the electin as he did, he became famus fr his fiery speech against slavery.尽管落选了，他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说出名。
二、强调句
强调句，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感，通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。以下是常见的强调句型。
（一）It is/was …that(wh,whm) …
1.这种强调句式只强调除谓语之外的成分，用that引出句子的其他部分。如果强调表示人的名词时，可以用wh,whm代替that；但强调的部分是地点，时间名词时，不可以用where ，when 。
例如
Ann Peters’ husband rushed her t a
nearby hspital last night.
It was Ann Peters’ husband that (wh) rushed her t a nearby hspital last night. = It was her that (whm) Ann Peters’ husband rushed t a nearby hspital last night.
It was t a nearby hspital that Ann Peters’ husband rushed her last night.
It was last night that Ann Peters’ husband rushed her t a nearby hspital.
2.问句变强调句型
Is that man teaching ur English?
---＞
Is it that man that ( wh) is teaching ur
English ？
Did Miss White happen t knw my telephne number?
---＞
Was it my telephne number that Miss White happened t knw?
Did he blamed me ?
---＞
Was it me that he blamed? 他怪的是我吗？
Why des everyne think he is an excellent? ---＞
Why is it that everyne thinks he is an excellent?
Where was it that the rad accident happened yesterday？
When was it that he made up his mind t take a trip t Eurpe?
例I dn’t knw why everyne thinks he is an excellent.---＞
I dn’t knw _____everyne thinks he is an excellent
A.why is it that B.That was it why
C.That it was why D.why it is that
强调句与定语从句的区别
It is the place where LuXun was brn .
It is in the place that LuXun was brn .
It was the by that had been in prisn wh stle the mney.
（二）强调谓语，通常用d / des / did + 动词原形强调，意为 "的确，确实”
I d believe that he is an hnest man.
She des like literature. 。
They did g t see yu yesterday, but failed t meet yu.
（三）What … is / was … that
"What … is / was …"是名词从句结构，也是强调句的另一种构成形式。它常用来强调主语、宾语。
如果所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用"What is … that…"的句式；如果所叙述的是过去发生的
事情用"What was … that…"的句式。What encuraged us was that he set the example fr us.
给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。
What interested me mst in that mvie was that the scenery f Alps is beautiful.
（强调主语） 那部电影使我最感兴趣的是阿尔裨斯山的风景是那美丽。
What he wishes mst is that he wants t becme a pilt.（宾语）他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。
What I like is her speaking manner.（强调宾语） 我喜欢的是她说话的风度。
（四）用形容词the very,the nly, single, such 或副词never, very, badly, highly,really ，strngly,firmly等来加强语气来进行强调。
That's the very textbk we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
Yu are the nly persn here wh can speak Chinese.你是这里惟一一个会讲中文的人。
Nt a single persn has been in the shp this mrning.今天上午这个商店里一个人都没有。
Hw dare yu buy such expensive jewels? 你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？
He never said a wrd the whle day.一整天了，他一句话也没说。
This is just what I wanted.这正是我所要的。
I really dn't knw what t d next.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。
I strngly\firmly think we must learn English well.
（五）用ever, n earth, in the wrld, at all (究竟)等表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句中）。
Why ever did yu d s? 你究竟为什么要这做？
Where in the wrld culd he be? 他到底会在哪儿？
What n earth is it? 它究竟是什么？ D yu knw at all? 你到底知不知道？
（六）用形容词或副词表示强调
①用can’t\ culdn’t +be\d+比较级，表示“再没有…比…更”
He can’t thank f a better idea I culdn’t agree mre
②用can’t\cuidn’t+have dne +比较级 表示强调
We can’t have dne mre nicely我们干的再漂亮不过了。
Tm culdn’t have explained mre clearly.汤姆解释的再清楚不过了。
③ 用 can’t be t +形容词原级
Yu can’t be t careful when yu are driving.
（七）用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感。
Hw interesting a stry it is！ 这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！
What an interesting stry it is！
Oh, what a lie! 啊，真是弥天大谎！
Isn’t the beautiful flwer!
（八）用双重否或重复来表示强调。
Man can’t live withut air and water
Yu've gt t be very, very careful.你一定得非常非常小心。
Why? Why? The cage is empty! 为什么？为什么？箱子是空的。
They walked fr miles and miles.他们走了很远的路。
（九）用倒装句（也就是把要强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气。
On the table were sme flwers.桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）
Many a time have I climbed that hill.我多次翻过那座山。（强调次数）
Only in this way, can we slve this prblem.
只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。（强调方式）
（十）用插入语表示强调
Smking,I strngly think,is bad fr health.
He’s an interesting speaker, and, what is mre imprtant, he knws his subject thrughly.
Then I discvered, what was news t me, that his wife was Mary’s niece.
（十一）用 if 来表示强调。
1.If 从句＋ I dn't knw wh/what ＋其他；主句的主语部分也可以用 nbdy 或 everybdy （这里的 if 从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）。
If he can't d it, I dn't knw wh can.要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。
If Jim is a cward, everybdy is.要是 Jim 是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。
2.If 从句＋ it be 从句（此用法可看成是第 8 种强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在 it be 的后面，把其他内容放在由 if 引导的从句中）。
If anyne knew the truth, it was Tm.要说谁了解事实的真相，那肯定是 Tm 。
If there is ne thing he lves, it is mney.如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。
（十二）用破折号和黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气。
It's because f hard wrk — ten years f hard wrk.
那是因为艰苦的工作——十年艰苦的工作！
He began the wrk in late May .他在五月底开始这项工作。（强调时间）