【同步讲义】人教版英语八年级上册-Unit 3 Grammar and writing 讲义

Unit 3 Grammar and writing

单元语法讲练

知识点01  形容词、副词的比较级

形容词、副词的比较级定义、构成及用法

形容词、副词的比较级用于两者之间的比较，用以说明“前者比后者更·····.”。

1形容词比较级的构成

（1)规则变化

①直接在词尾加－er.

short-shorter  slow-slower

②以不发音的字母e结尾的词直接在其后加－r.

nice-nicer  fine-finer  late-later

③以重读闭音节结尾并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，应先双写该辅音字母再加－er.

 hot-hotter fat-fatter

④以“辅音字母”结尾的双音节词，先变“y”为“i”，再加－er.

heavy-heavier         easy-easier           early-earlier

⑤多音节词和部分双音节词在其前加more构成比较级。

outgoing-more outgoing           beautiful-more beautiful

形容词前加more构成比较级的情况：①多音节形容词，more popular.;②以－ful或－less结尾的形容词，more careful/careless;③动词的现在分词或过去分词充当形容词，more boring,more tired;④某些以－ly结尾的形容词前可加more,也可变“y”为“i”，再加－er,more friendly/friendlier.

（2)常见的不规则变化的词有：

good/well-better many/much-more  bad/badly-worse little-less  far-farther(further)

速记：good/well 比较是better,far是farther 和further,worse 原级有两个，副词badly形bad;little比较是less,many/much同是more.

【即学即练1】

Jane has become             than before.She can express herself in public now.

A.much outgoing  B. most outgoing   C.more outgoing  D.less outgoing

解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据句中than可知此空用形容词的比较级形式。所以选择C

2.基本用法

（1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较。在含有“比较级＋than”的句型中，当than 前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词也可以省略。

Dean is taller than Mike(is).迪安比迈克高。

He works much harder than I (do).他比我工作努力得多。

（2)表示对两个人或事物进行对比，并进行选择时，常用句型：Which/Who+be+形容词比较级，A or B?

Which is better,the blue one or the red one?哪个更好，蓝的还是红的？

3特殊用法

（1)“比较级＋and+比较级”或“more and more+原级（多音节词和部分双音节词）”意为“越来越··....”。

The little girl is more and more beautiful.这个小女孩越来越漂亮了。

【即学即练2】

People in the rural areas live a            life with the care of the government.

A.happier and happier        B.poorer and poorer         C.more and more happily

解析：

考查形容词的用法。由介词短语“with the care of the government（在政府的关怀下）”和生活实际可知

空处表达“越来越幸福”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词life,故使用形容词happy的比较级连用。

（2)当表示“······是两者中更·····的”时，常用“the+比较级＋of the two”结构，定冠词the不可缺少。

Liu Li is the taller of the two.刘丽是这两个人中较高的那个。

（3)同一类人或物在某一范围内进行比较时，常用“比较级＋than any other+名词单数”结构，意为“······比其他任何······都······”。

I think Wuxi is more beautiful than any other city in China.我认为无锡比中国其他任何一个城市都漂亮。

（4)“the+比较级．．．，the+比较级．．．”，意为“越······,越······”。

The higher you stand,the farther you will see.站得越高，看得越远。

【即学即练3】

During the exam,            you are,             mistakes you'll make.

A.the more careful;the less               B.the more careful; the fewer

C.the more careless; the less              D.the more careless; the fewer

解析：

英语中“the+比较级......，the+比较级......”表示“越······就越······”。本句意思是在考试中你越是细心，越少出错，mistake为可数名词，所以答案为B。

4在使用比较级时一定要注意：

（1)比较的对象必须一致。

Our classroom is bigger than yours（＝your classroom).我们的教室比你们的（教室）大。

（2)有时为了避免重复，可用that或those代替前面提到的词，而且that或 those 不能省略。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Nanchang in winter.冬天，北京的天气比南昌的（天气）更冷。

His stories are more interesting than those I told.他的故事比找讲的（故事）更有趣。

拓展：句中只有一者时用原级，其标志词是 very,so,too,quite等。表示双方情况“一模一样”，用“as+形容

词或副词的原级＋as”结构；表示双方情况“不（那么）一样”，用“not so/as+原级＋as”结构。在这两种结构中，第一个as是副词，而第二个as是连词。

My package is as heavy as yours.我的包裹与你的（包裹）一样重。

His bedroom is not as/so neat as his sister's.他的卧室没有他姐姐的（卧室）整洁。

小贴士含有not as/so...as的句子也有比较的含义，可以和含有比较级的句子进行转换。

Tom is not as short as Tim.汤姆没蒂姆矮。＝Tim is not as tall as Tom.蒂姆没有汤姆高。＝Tom is taller than Tim.汤姆比蒂姆高。＝Tim is shorter than Tom.蒂姆比汤姆矮。

【即学即练4】

－I think this book is           than that one.

－You're right.I prefer that one.

A.more popular     B.more useful     C.less interesting  D.less boring

解析：本句是一个比较级的句子，根据句意答案为 C

考法01  单元写作话题：人物特征

【典例1】

作文话题

亲爱的同学，在你三年的初中生活中，总会与一些同学成为朋友。请以“My Best Friend and I”为题，根据以下要求与提示，用英语写一篇短文。

要求：

（1)如果你最好的朋友是女生，请用名字Mary;如果是男生，请用Jeff.短文中不得出现任何真实人名、校名

及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。

（2)不少于60词。

提示：

（1)Who is your best friend?

（2)How long have you been friends?And how did you become friends?

（3) How are you the same as and different from your best friend? And what do you like about him/her?

My Best Friend and I

审题指导（把握中心，得方向分）

认真阅读写作要求，可获得以下写作信息：

A.共分三段。

第一段：点题，介绍自己和自己最好的朋友。开门见山。

第二段：描述自己与好朋友的异同。

第三段：总结。

B.使用一般现在时态，谓语动词和主语要一致。

C.正确使用形容词和副词的原级和比较级。

写作方法（学会方法，巧得高分）

描述“相貌、性格、喜好”异同法比较人物

写作模板（学会套路，得基本分）

描述“相貌、性格、喜好”异同法比较人物

介绍自己和朋友

My best friend is...We became friends three years ago.

描述自己和好朋友的异同

In some ways we are the same.

In some ways we are different.

总结

Although we have some differences,we are good friends.

经典词句（妙用句式，得出彩分）

单词

outgoing,serious,quiet,heavy,draw,sing,both

短语

be good at, curly hair, in some ways,be interested in, be friendly to

句子

1.We're both tall.

2.He is funnier than me.

3. I think differences are not important in a friendship.

范文赏析（书写工整，得印象分）

My Best Friend and I

I like to have friends who are different from me.My best friend is Jeff. We have been friends for about three years. Three years ago, when I came into our school, he was my deskmate,and then we became friends.

In some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look different. We both have black eyes and black hair.

We are both thin, but Jeff is much thinner. He is taller and more outgoing than me. And he is more hard-working than me. I am good at English but he does well in math. We like playing basketball. Both he and I like watching films.But I like cartoons. He likes comedies. I am less active than Jeff.He is never late for class. But I always get up late. I don't think differences are important in a friendship.

Although we have some differences,we are good friends. Our friendship will last forever.

名师点评

本文用描述“相貌、性格、喜好”异同法介绍自己和朋友，

分三段写作。

第一段：开门见山。

第二段：介绍自己和朋友的相貌、性格和喜好。大量使用形容词和副词，给文章增色不少。

第三段：表明意图，总结全文。

高分句型：

I like to have friends who are different from me.

Although we have some differences, we are good friends.

题组A  基础过关练

一、完成句子

1．广州比北京离我们家乡远多了。

Guangzhou is ____________________ ___________________ from our home town than Beijing.

2．在中国熊猫的数量变得越来越少。

In China, the number of giant pandas is getting ________ ________ ________.

3．多多锻炼，你会健康的。

Take ______________________ ____________________ and you will be healthy.

4．房价越来越高，许多人没地方住。

Now the price of the flats is getting _______________, many people have no place ________.

5．我和米莉一样高，但我比她重。

I’m ______ ______ ______ Millie, but I’m ________ ________ ________.

二、根据首字母填空

1．China has a much l__________ history than the US.

2．Larry is much less hard-working than me, so I always get b________ grades than he does.

3．—I think English is not as difficult as Physics.

—I agree. English is e________ to learn than Physics.

4．Many poor people became r_______ than before with the help of the targeted poverty alleviation policies(精准扶贫政策).

5．My grandmother is much w________ after the operation.

三、根据汉语提示填空

1．He is feeling _________ (坏)today than yesterday．

2．_____________ (越来越多的) students are coming here to see the teacher.

3．There are ________（少）people in Japan than in China.

4．Her father told her to be more ________ (小心的) next time.

5．To be the________ (健康) girl of the twins, she never eats meat.

四、根据句意填空

1．It is much _______ today than yesterday. I feel like taking off the winter coat.

2．You should eat ________ meat and do more exercise to keep healthy.

3．My uncle has two sons. The ________ is 10 and the younger is 7.

4．Now Tom is happier and more popular ____________ before.

五、词形转换

写出以下形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。

1．fine ________       ________

2．big ________       ________

3．funny ________       ________

4．good ________       ________

5．many ________       ________

6．long ________       ________

7．beautiful ________       ________

8．high ________       ________

题组B  能力提升练

一、完形填空

Polly Cooper is a mom of two girls named Debbie and Millie. Here is what she says about them.

Debbie and Millie are so __1__. Debbie is a shy girl. She enjoys doing things by __2__, and doesn’t like to talk and play with others. Also, she is more selfish (自私的) than Millie. It is __3__ to ask her to share her things with others. But Debbie has her good points, too. Schoolwork is easier __4__ Debbie, so her exam results are better. She is also good at __5__ and wants to be a dancer in the future (未来).

Millie has bigger problems with her schoolwork. She doesn’t like studying and doesn’t __6__ enough time on it, so her exam results are usually worse. However, Millie is much more outgoing than Debbie. Maybe __7__ Millie is two years older than Debbie, she is a little more mature (成熟的).

I worry about Millie because she isn’t sure about her future. She doesn’t know what she __8__ to do when she leaves school. But I’m __9__ worried about Debbie because she isn’t as happy as Millie. I don’t think parents ever stop worrying about their kids and I’ll __10__ them both when they leave home.

1．A．busy B．young C．different D．beautiful

2．A．yourself B．myself C．herself D．himself

3．A．difficult B．useful C．natural D．interesting

4．A．about B．with C．in D．for

5．A．dancing B．singing C．drawing D．writing

6．A．take B．wait C．lose D．spend

7．A．if B．or C．because D．though

8．A．forgets B．wants C．asks D．pays

9．A．little B．less C．much D．more

10．A．miss B．show C．study D．save

二、阅读理解

1．When did Mike and Victor become friends?

A．When Victor was ten years old. B．When Mike was ten years old.

C．Three years ago. D．Ten years ago.

2．From the above information, we know Lisa________.

A．likes swing dance best B．plays basketball twice a week C．is good at drawing              D．is good at math

3．Eric's best friend Ben________.

A．is two years younger than him B．joined an art club a week ago

C．likes singing and swimming D．is the same as Eric

4．________are quiet according to the above information.

A．Mike and Monica B．Victor and Ben C．Monica and Ben D．Monica and Tara

5．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Mike and Victor play tennis three times a week. B．Grace doesn't enjoy dancing at all.

C．Tara is different from Lisa. D．Eric is a quiet boy.

三、填写适当的句子补全对话

根据上下文补全对话。

A: Susan, you’re an outgoing girl, _________1_________?

B: Yes, I have many friends, but my best friend is Lisa.

A: Is Lisa as outgoing as you.

B: No, she is different from me. She is a shy girl.

A: ___________2___________?

B: She has long black hair, and she always wears glasses.

A: ___________3___________?

B: She is twelve years old.

A: ___________4___________?

B: She likes reading books. She is a hard-working girl.

A:___________5___________?

B: I was not good at English and she often helped me, so we became good friends.

A: How lucky you are to have such a good friend.

题组C  培优拔尖练

一、单项选择

1．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Is your hair as ________ as Mary’s?

—No, it isn’t. Hers is ________ than mine.

A．long; long B．longer; long C．long; longer

2．（2022·山东滨州·中考真题）— This song seems ________ these days. It was played everywhere when it came out.

— That’s true. We seldom hear it now.

A．popular B．more popular C．less popular D．the most popular

3．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—What do you do to keep healthy?

—I do more sports and eat ________ fast food.

A．less B．fewer C．more

4．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Jim is ________ than Peter.

A．tall B．taller C．the tallest

5．（2022·北京·中考真题）After taking tennis classes, Tim is much ________ than last year.

A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．the strongest

6．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）Today is much ________ than yesterday. Nice!

A．cool B．cooler C．coolest D．the coolest

7．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）— Uncle Wang, could you tell me the secret of your good health?

— In my view, ______ vegetables and ______ meat.

A．less; less B．more; more C．more; less D． less; more

8．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）________ you are, ________ mistakes you will make in the exam.

A．The more carefully; the fewer

B．The more careful; the fewer

C．The less careless; the less

9．（2022·江西·中考真题）—Who do you think will win the race, Bob or Tom?

—It must be Bob. I think he runs ________.

A．faster B．fastest C．more slowly D．most slowly

10．（2022·重庆·中考真题）Roy is a great dancer. He dances ________ than others.

A．beautifully B．more beautifully C．less beautifully D．most beautifully

11．（2017·湖南张家界·中考真题）Lily and I both like sports, but she plays tennis ________ than me.

A．good B．better C．the best

12．（2016·四川眉山·中考真题）I like Meishan ________ because it is becoming ________ .

A．well; beautiful and beautiful B．better; more and more beautiful

C．well; more and more beautiful D．better; beautiful and beautiful

13．（2022·广西·德保县教研室一模）We are so glad to see our village is developing ________ these years than it did before.

A．quickly B．less quickly C．the most quickly D．more quickly

14．（2022·辽宁大连·一模）I jumped ________ than Bill in the sports meeting last year.

A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest

15．（2022·云南昆明·一模）— Yesterday, I paid more money for the gasoline(汽油) than last time. It’s terrible.

—Yeah. The price of the gasoline is increasing ________ these days.

A．quicker B．slower C．more quickly D．more slowly

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

1．（2022·湖南常德·中考真题）— What will the future be like?

— Cities will be ________ (beautiful). And there will be more trees.

2．（2022·山东临沂·中考真题）It’s said that in the future there will be longer summers and _______ winters than before. （short）

3．（2017·湖北荆门·中考真题）Mary is hard-working all the time. this year she works even ________ (hard).

4．（2017·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）We were beaten last year, but this year we want to do better and train ________ (hard).

5．（2021·江苏扬州·中考真题）The next morning he got up ______ than before to practise football. (early) .

三、根据汉语提示填空

1．（2022·山东日照·中考真题）The more you exercise, the __________ (健康) you will be.

2．（2022·广西·中考真题）This T-shirt is too expensive, so I’d like a _____（较便宜的）one.

3．（2019·四川甘孜·中考真题）Tina thinks she works ____________ (更努力) than me.

4．（2022·四川雅安·一模）I can’t hear you. Could you speak more _____ (清楚)?

5．（2022·山东·济宁市兖州区教学研究室一模）With the help of the new high-speed railway, the train can run much ________（更快地）than before from Beijing to Shanghai.

四、书面表达

根据表格中提供的信息, 写一篇短文介绍你和你最好的朋友Nancy的相同之处和不同之处。

要求: 1. 包含表格信息, 可适当发挥；

2. 不少于70个词。

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