2024版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit4HistoryandTraditions教师用书新人教版必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Traditions

Ⅰ．词块记单词
1．two chief advantages 两个主要的优点
2．the nearby country 附近的国家
3．military defence 军事防御
4．legal systems 法律制度
5．get our car battery charged 给我们的汽车电池充电
6．the amount of noise 噪声的量
7．the National Gallery 国家美术馆
8．approach the painting 接近绘画作品
9．ensure the safe delivery确保安全送达
10．beautiful natural landscape 美丽的自然风景
11．be positioned on the hill 固定在山上
12．rolling green hills 连绵起伏的青山
13．the roar of the ocean waves 海浪的咆哮
14．greet the new day 迎接新的一天
15．Chinese traditions and customs 中国的传统和习俗
Ⅱ．语境记单词
1．She has grown into quite an individual and she expresses her individuality through her clothes．(individual)
2．The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling maths problem．(puzzle)
3．Several people witnessed the attack, but no one came to his defence, so he had to defend himself．(defend)
4．Surrounded by the green trees, the surroundings of our village are very enjoyable．(surround)
5．It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty．(evident)
6．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement．(achieve)
7．The museum is located in the southwest of the city and you can find its location easily on the map．(locate)
8．I was deeply fascinated by the fascinating scenery of the scenic spot．(fascinate)
9．It was announced that the amusement park would be closed．We were shocked by the announcement．(announce)
10．Li Bai, a great Tang poet who wrote over 1，000 poems in total, made great contributions to Chinese poetry．(poem)
Ⅲ．语境记短语
1．I am certain by no means will he break his word since he has promised an amount of (大量) money to the poor．
2．It's good for you to break away from (脱离) your bad habits, but it's wrong of you not to keep up the good habits．
3．As far as I am concerned, success belongs to (属于) those who keep on trying．
4．Sharing is a way of behaviour as well as (和) a good quality of people．
5．When shopping, keep your eyes open for (留意) those energy-saving machines．
6．The Golden Gate Bridge joins the city of San Francisco with suburbs to (把……和……连接起来) the north．
7．He is eager to (渴望) try something he has never tried before．
8．Their house is similar to (和……类似) ours, but ours has a bigger garden．
9．People who work in offices are frequently referred to as (被称作) “white-collar workers”．
10．It was reported that a burning cigarette end resulted in (导致) the big fire．
Ⅳ．公式练句型
1．当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。(if省略句)
There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him．
2．使我吃惊的不是他说什么而是他说话的方式。(the way＋定语从句)
What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which) he said it．
3．今年夏天我要把我的房间装修一下，因为它有点旧了。(have sth．done)
I will have my room decorated this summer because it is a bit old．
4．一切安排妥当后，项目正按计划、一步一步地顺利进行着。(with sth．done)
With everything arranged properly, the project is progressing smoothly as planned, step by step．


1．surround vt．围绕；包围
[素养佳句](2020·浙江卷7月)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence．
这只饥饿的熊跟着嗅觉来到了我们的营地，营地四周有高高的铁丝围栏。
(1)surround ...with/by ...使……被……包围
(2)surrounding adj．周围的
(3)surroundings n．环境 (通常用复数形式)
——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears．
②(2019·江苏卷)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded (surround) by his family．
③Surrounding (surround) yourself with people who'll provide you with support can be very beneficial．
④Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings (surround) during the journey?
——完成句子
⑤To Annie's delight, surrounded by his classmates, Mark seemed like a rock star, cheerful and proud．
令安妮高兴的是，在同学们的簇拥下，马克看起来像个摇滚明星，振奋而自豪。
2．charge vt．收费；控告；充电 n．收费；主管；指控；控告；指责；批评
[素养佳句]We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge．
我们还有一个游泳池，全天免费开放。
(1)charge sb．with sth．因某事控告某人
charge sb．for ...向某人索取……的费用
(2)free of charge/for free 免费
in charge (of) 主管；负责；照顾
in the charge of sb．/in one's charge 由某人负责/管理
take charge of 掌管；负责；看管
——单句语法填空
①If your card has been lost, a fee of ￡5 is charged for the production of a replacement card．
②(2020·天津卷5月)Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people?
③Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten-mile limit．
——一句多译
他不能掌管这个项目，因为这超出了他的能力。
④The programme can't be in his charge because it is beyond his ability．
⑤He can't be in charge of the programme because it is beyond his ability．
⑥He can't take charge of the programme because it is beyond his ability．

in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of, in the possession of; in control of, in the control of等。
3．amount n．金额；数量
[素养佳句]It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives．
它是根据我们日常生活中产生的温室气体量来计算的。
(1)a small/large amount of＋不可数名词 少/大量的……
amounts of＋不可数名词 大量的……
(2)amount to 合计；共有
——单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans．
②It's reported that a large amount of money was spent (spend) on the bridge．
③It's reported that large amounts of money were spent (spend) on the bridge．
——完成句子
④It's said that a large amount of capital is invested in the branch．
据说一大笔资金投入到了这个分公司。

amount的短语作主语时，谓语动词在数上与amount的数保持一致。修饰不可数名词的词汇有：a great deal of, a large sum of, little和a little等。
4．approach vi．接近；靠近；走近 vt．接近；接洽；对付；着手处理 n．接近；方法；途径
[素养佳句]The closer we approach the truth, the more fascinating it becomes．
越是接近真理，便愈加发现真理的迷人。
the approach of ……的来临
an approach to (doing) ...(做) ……的方法；通向……的路
with the approach of 随着……的到来
——单句语法填空
①(2022·北京卷)A systems approach to creating (create) change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power．
②(2020·浙江卷7月)I couldn't see Don, but as I approached (approach) the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me．
③Approaching (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height．
——一句多译
(2020·浙江卷7月写作)随着高考的临近，我们正在为它做充分的准备。
④With the approaching/coming of the College Entrance Examination, we are making full preparations for it．
⑤As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near/approaching/around the corner, we are making full preparations for it．
【联想发散】
“(做)某事的方法”的正确搭配：
①the approach to (doing) sth．
②the way to do/of (doing) sth．
③the means of (doing) sth．
④the method of (doing) sth．
5．if条件状语从句的省略
[素养佳句] He seems to have little, if anything, to do with this．
若要说他和这事有什么相关的话，那也似乎是很少的。
if的省略结构有：
if not 如果不是
if so/ever 如果那样/如果有
if＋adj．(possible/necessary等) 如果……
if＋过去分词 如果被……
if＋介词短语 如果……
——单句语法填空
①I might see you tomorrow．If not, then it'll be Saturday．
②I may be free this evening．If so, I'll come round and see you．
③If in doubt, ask your doctor．He can give you further information．
——完成句子
④If necessary, you can turn to your friends for help．
如有必要，你可以向你的朋友寻求帮助。
⑤There won't be much difficulty, if any．
就算有困难，也不会太多。
6．have sth．done
[素养佳句]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken．
我需要一个新的护照，所以我不得不去照张照片。
have sth．done的三种含义：
让/叫/使/请别人做某事；
主语遭受的损失或不幸；
完成或解决某事(主语可参与)
have sb．do sth．让某人做某事
have sb．/sth．doing 让某人/某物一直……
have sth．to do (主语)有某事要做
——单句语法填空
①I fell down and broke three of my teeth．I wonder how many times I have to come here and have my false teeth fixed (fix)．
②I won't have you making (make)the same mistake again and again．
③When his mother had him do his homework, he decided to have his light burning (burn) all night to pretend he was working hard．
④I have a lot of readings to complete (complete) before the end of this term．
——完成句子
⑤We must have/get the work finished by Tuesday．
我们必须在星期二以前完成此项工作。
⑥Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem．
研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题。

选词填空
break away from; as well as; result in; be eager to do sth．; be similar to; join ...to ...; generous; striking; announce; ensure
1．Up till now, we have received 400 applications for the job．The graduates are eager to work in our company．
2．The weather here in spring is much similar to that in my hometown．
3．The teachers spared no effort to ensure all students would be given an equal chance．
4．If these viruses are breathed in, they can result in illness or even death．
5．When the host announced that she won the prize, she felt thrilled．
6．I want to express my thanks to you for your generous help．
7．A bridge joins the island to the mainland．
8．While we travel along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns．
9．Henry attempted to break away from the habit of smoking．
10．Tower Bridge is one of London's most striking attractions that you shouldn't miss when travelling in the UK．

Ⅰ．语境猜词义
1．(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear．v．使处于
2．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32．v．竞争
3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them．n．奖励；回报
Ⅱ．一词多义
1．(2022·北京卷)The result — an approach known as systems thinking — is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges．A
A．n．方法 B．n．接近
C．v．接近 D．v．接洽
2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn't charge city tax ...C
A．v．负责　B．v．充电　C．v．收费
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)“Talk and Talk” is designed for students who are eager to acquire more knowledge about English, and now it is highly thought of by most listeners．
“Talk and Talk”节目是为渴望获得更多英语知识的学生而设计的，现在得到了大多数听众的好评。
2．(2020·浙江卷1月写作)Would you like to sign up for the contest? If so, please email me as soon as possible．
你愿意报名参加这次比赛吗？如果愿意，请尽快给我发邮件。
3．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)All this was because of John's bright idea, and the way he carried it out．
这一切都是因为约翰的好主意，以及他实现它的方式。
4．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)I have the confidence that, with such an excellent friend around me, I will become better and better．
我有信心，有这样一位优秀的朋友在我身边，我会变得越来越好。
5．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)At 8：30 a．m．, the referee announced the rules of the race and the teacher gave us some instructions on how to protect ourselves from injury during the race．
在上午8点30分，裁判宣布了比赛规则，老师给了我们一些关于如何保护自己避免在比赛中受伤的指导。
6．(2020·天津卷7月写作)In the ceremony, usually in parts of China, Han clothing, the worship of Confucius and other customs are popular among us．
在仪式上，通常在中国的部分地区，(穿)汉服、尊孔以及其他习俗在我们中间都很受欢迎。

Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Baseball requires teamwork while tennis is an individual (个人的) sport．
2．Sales director is a position (职位) where communication ability is just as important as sales skills．
3．He went to a nearby (附近的) fast food shop and bought his lunch．
4．The experiment shows that a proper amount (数量) of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health．
5．The surrounding (周围的) villages have been absorbed into the growing city．
6．He has made great achievements (成就) even if he has lost hearing．
7．The battery has not been charged (充电) for a couple of months．
8．I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing (宣布) the exam was over．
9．I think these interesting old customs (习俗) should be well preserved．
10．These brave Chinese soldiers battled (战斗) heroically for seven days and nights．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．This problem bothered all the chiefs (chief) of the tribe who were coming into power．
2．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (approach) to the study of mathematics．
3．The countryside was dotted (dot) with small villages．
4．When we walked into the café， we were greeted (greet) by a waitress who smiled．
5．When I was passing the town hall, I heard the clock striking (strike) twelve．
6．The more you know, the more eager (eager) you will be to come．
7．If you ensure (sure) your package has been delivered successfully, please ignore this notice．
8．“That's very generous (generosity) of you．I'd love to accept your invitation，” I replied．
Ⅲ．补全句子
1．要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(if省略结构)
If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down．
2．我点点头，脸上露出灿烂的笑容。(with复合结构)
I nodded, with a big smile spreading across my face．
3．他把照相机弄坏了，不得不花钱修理。(have sth．done)
He broke the camera and he had to pay to have it repaired．
4．时间悄无声息地流逝，过去的已不再属于我们。(belong)
Time goes by quietly and the past doesn't belong to us．
5．我很高兴听到你渴望提高你的汉语并了解更多的中国文化。(eager)
I am glad to hear that you are eager to improve your Chinese and know more about Chinese culture．
课时质量评价(十)
必修第二册　UNIT 4
主题语境：重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源

Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
(2023·珠海模拟)An individual from an unknown hominid (原始人类) species walked across a field of wet, volcanic ash in what is now East Africa around 3.66 million years ago, leaving behind a handful of footprints．
Those five ancient footprints, largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania's Laetoli site in 1976, show features of upright walking by a hominid, a new study finds．Researchers had previously considered them hard to classify, possibly produced by a young bear that took a few steps while standing．But the latest analysis refutes that suggestion．
McNutt, DeSilva, who started the new investigation as a Dartmouth College graduate student, and their colleagues fully dug out and cleaned the five Laetoli footprints in June 2019．Then they measured, photographed and 3-D scanned the ancient tracks．McNutt's group focused on two footprints that were particularly well-preserved．Foot shapes, sizes, and walking characteristics of the Laetoli individual differed in various ways from those of other hominid individuals at the same site．The prints also didn't match those from modern black bears and modern chimps (黑猩猩) walking upright．
The Laetoli individual possessed a wider, more chimplike foot than humans, the researchers say．Its big toe stuck out slightly from the second toe (脚趾), but not to the degree observed in chimps．On one step, the Laetoli individual's left leg crossed in front of the right leg, leaving a left footprint directly in front of the previous track．People may cross-step in this way when trying to regain balance．And bears and chimps assume a relatively wide standing due to knee and other bone arrangements that prevent them from walking like the Laetoli individual and probably from cross-stepping, the scientists say．
Given that only two of the ancient footprints are complete enough to analyse thoroughly, the possibility that a chimp other than a hominid made the Laetoli footprints can't be ruled out, says William Harcourt Smith, a scientist at Lehman College．But evidence of cross-stepping is enough to prove that it was a hominid track maker, he says．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究人员发现五个古代脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征。
1．What does the underlined word “refutes” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Objects to． B．Supports．
C．Puts forward． D．Criticises．
A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Researchers had previously considered them hard to classify, possibly produced by a young bear that took a few steps while standing．”可知，上文介绍了研究人员对脚印来源的推测，他们认为脚印可能是由一只站着走了几步的小熊产生的，再结合画线单词所在句中的转折连词“But”可知，上下文为转折关系，且根据第三段中的“The prints also didn't match those from modern black bears and modern chimps (黑猩猩) walking upright．”可知，研究证明这些脚印与现代黑熊的脚印不匹配，由此可知，画线单词所在句指的是“但最新的分析驳斥了这一说法”，“Objects to”意为“反对，不赞成”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A。
2．Why do researchers think the footprints were unlike those of bears or chimps?
A．They are less chimplike．
B．They have toes sticking out．
C．They show relatively wide standing．
D．They possess features of cross-stepping．
D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“On one step, the Laetoli individual's left leg crossed in front of the right leg, leaving a left footprint directly in front of the previous track．People may cross-step in this way when trying to regain balance．And bears and chimps assume a relatively wide standing due to knee and other bone arrangements that prevent them from walking like the Laetoli individual and probably from cross-stepping, the scientists say．”可知，这些脚印呈现出人们试图恢复平衡时所进行的交叉步行走，而熊和黑猩猩无法交叉步行走，因此，研究人员认为这些脚印不同于熊或黑猩猩的脚印，由此可知，研究人员认为这些脚印不同于熊或黑猩猩的脚印是因为这些脚印具有交叉步的特点。故选D。
3．What does William think of the new research finding?
A．It's convincing．
B．It's challenging．
C．It's confusing．
D．It's conflicting．
A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Those five ancient footprints, largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania's Laetoli site in 1976, show features of upright walking by a hominid, a new study finds．”可知，新的研究发现，这五个古代脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征；再结合最后一段中的“But evidence of cross-stepping is enough to prove that it was a hominid track maker, he says．”可知，威廉认为交叉步的证据足以证明五个古代脚印是原始人直立行走留下的足迹，由此可知，威廉认为新的研究发现是很有说服力的。故选A。
4．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To describe a major event．
B．To share a new discovery．
C．To introduce an unknown species．
D．To settle a huge disagreement．
B　写作意图题。通读全文，根据第二段中的“Those five ancient footprints, largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania's Laetoli site in 1976, show features of upright walking by a hominid, a new study finds．”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究人员发现五个古代脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征，由此可知，这篇文章的写作目的是分享一个新发现。故选B。
B
(2022·郴州一模)A child's tooth discovered from a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence of humans — Homo sapiens (智人) — living in western Europe．The discovery of the molar from Grotte Mandrin in southern France, along with hundreds of stone tools dating back about 54，000 years ago, suggests that early humans lived in Europe about 10，000 years earlier than archaeologists had previously thought．
What's more, the Homo sapiens' tooth was sandwiched between layers of Neanderthal remains, showing that the two groups of humans coexisted in the region．These findings challenge the opinion that the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe caused the extinction of Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of Asia for about 300，000 years before disappearing．
“We've often thought that the arrival of modern humans in Europe led to the pretty rapid death of Neanderthals, but this new evidence suggests that both the appearance of modern humans in Europe and disappearance of Neanderthals is much more complex than that，” said study coauthor Chris Stringer, a professor and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London．
It's the first time archaeologists have found evidence of alternating (交替) groups of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals living in the same place, and they took turns rapidly, even abruptly, at least twice, according to the study that published in the journal ScienceAdvances on Wednesday．Previously, the arrival of early humans in Europe was dated to between 43，000 and 45，000 years ago, according to remains found in Italy and Bulgaria — not long before the last surviving Neanderthal remains dating back 40，000 to 42，000 years ago were found．Humans and Neanderthals, who we know from genetic analysis encountered one another and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in our DNA, overlapped (重叠) for a much longer period in Europe, this study suggests．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的发现表明智人的到来并未直接导致尼安德特人的消失，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。
5．What does the underlined word “molar” mean?
A．Cave． B．Tooth．
C．Stone． D．Human．
B　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“A child's tooth discovered from a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence of humans — Homo sapiens (智人) — living in western Europe．”可知，从法国的洞穴发现的是一颗儿童牙齿，由此推知，下文中的molar指的就是这颗牙齿，“Tooth”意为“牙齿”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B。
6．What's the previous opinion about Neanderthals?
A．Neanderthals could date back to 300，000 years ago．
B．Neanderthals once lived in Europe and Africa．
C．Homo sapiens and Neanderthals once lived together．
D．Homo sapiens led to the disappearance of Neanderthals．
D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These findings challenge the opinion that the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe caused the extinction of Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of Asia for about 300，000 years before disappearing．”可知，以前的观点是智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝。故选D。
7．What can be inferred from Chris Stringer's words?
A．People should analyse the loss of Neanderthals carefully．
B．Modern humans in Europe led to the death of Neanderthals．
C．Homo sapiens in Europe made Neanderthals extinct．
D．The new evidence shows the process of human evolution．
A　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，克里斯·斯特林格表示，新证据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多，所以，从克里斯·斯特林格的话中可以推断出人们应该仔细分析尼安德特人的消失。故选A。
8．What can we learn about Homo sapiens and Neanderthals from the last paragraph?
A．They lived in the same place at the same time．
B．They treated each other as the enemies．
C．They had some sort of complicated relations．
D．They lived in Italy and Bulgaria 40，000 to 42，000 years ago．
C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Humans and Neanderthals, who we know from genetic analysis encountered one another and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in our DNA, overlapped (重叠) for a much longer period in Europe, this study suggests．”可知，我们从基因分析中了解到人类和尼安德特人彼此相遇并生了孩子，这导致我们DNA中的尼安德特痕迹，由此可推断出，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。故选C。
Ⅱ．应用文写作
(2022·温州一模)假定你是李华，即将参加学校举办的“用英语讲好中国故事”英语演讲比赛。命题演讲环节要求你介绍一道中国美食。请你写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：
1．菜品介绍；
2．制作过程。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。








【参考范文】
Dumplings are traditional Chinese food．On the lunar New Year's Day, most families make a lot of delicious dumplings．It's easy to make them．The first step is to mix the flour with water and make wrappers．When the wrappers are done, it's time to prepare the filling．Usually we use meat and some vegetables for filling．When all these preparations are done, we can start making dumplings．First put a spoonful of filling in the centre of the wrapper．Then stick the two opposite sides together and then the rest．We can eat them after boiling them in the water．They taste so delicious that almost everyone likes them．