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高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Reading课堂教学课件ppt
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Reading课堂教学课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了Reading，n宇航员，NEWS，astronomy，universe，explode，launch，orbit，spaceship，astronomer等内容，欢迎下载使用。
What can yu see in the picture?
an astrnaut in space suit
land n the mn
The first man ging int the space: Yuri Gagarin, Sviet csmnaut (前苏联宇航员) in 1961
Far abve the Earth, astrnauts are living n a space statin. Can yu name any famus astrnauts frm China r abrad?
The first man landing n the mn: Neil Armstrng, American astrnaut, Apll 11 in 1967
The first Chinese ging int the space: Yang Liwei, Chinese astrnaut in 2003
I knw abut Chinese astrnaut Yang Liwei wh went int space in 2003 abard Shenzhu 5. He was the first Chinese citizen t g int space and his histric jurney cnsisted f 14 rbits arund the Earth. His entire missin tk mre than 21 hurs. Yang has received many hnrs, bth at hme and abrad, including the UNESCO Medal n Space Science.
China's first female astrnaut: Liu Yang, in 2012
I knw abut the astrnaut Liu Yang wh was the first Chinese wman t g int space. Liu jined the astrnaut crps in 2010. She was launched int space n 16 June 2012, abard Shenzhu 9, which successfully cmpleted China’s first crewed space dcking when it dcked with the space mdule Tiangng-1. Liu Yang was in charge f medical experiments during the missin.
In 1969, Neil Armstrng delivered his famus wrds frm the Mn, “That’s ne small step fr a man, ne giant leap fr mankind.” The dream f cnquering the sky in flight ges back thusands f years in China. By this time, China had already been wrking n its first manned spacecraft research fr tw years. That spacecraft was called Shuguang – r first light f dawn. Frm Shuguang t Tiangng, what has China experienced in its space explratin prgram?
Our cnquest is the sea f stars.
Shrtly after the return f the three Shenzhu-12 astrnauts and the launch f a carg missin half a mnth ag, the Shenzhu-13 manned spaceship is ready fr launch. All f these have shwn China's effrts and achievements in the field f space explratin.
What d yu think astrnauts n a space statin d every day?
I think daily life n a space statin is similar t that n the Earth, except that astrnauts have t adapt t ding everything in smaller spaces and in an envirnment that is weightless and als dangerus. Just like n the Earth, their days wuld include sleeping, eating, wrking, exercising and relaxing. Hwever, when ging abut their daily rutines, the astrnauts must fllw the necessary rules and prcesses t ensure their safety because any damage t the space statin culd result in danger. Astrnauts n the space statin will have t maintain the statin. During their leisure time, they can d sme exercise, read a bk r talk t their families r friends ver vide chat.
List sme wrds abut astrnmy.
Lk at the picture and title n page 16. What infrmatin d yu expect t get frm this lecture?
Astrnauts’ daily lives n a space statin, including eating and sleeping.Hw astrnauts deal with their lneliness while living n a space statin.Hw astrnauts’ experiences n a space statin affect their lives back n the Earth.
Read the passage quickly and get the main idea f the text.
Life n a space statin
The text may be abut what peple’s life is like n a space statin.
Tpic sentences:
The strangeness f living in space is apparent frm the mment we sleep.
The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the day are demanding, but they can als be extremely rewarding.
The mst challenging wrk takes place when we need t perfrm tasks utside the space statin, such as ...
In view f the lw-gravity envirnment, eating is als different in space.
Spending sme time in the gym is f vital imprtance t astrnauts’ health.
Different aspects f life n a space statin
(1) ____________
(3) ____________
(4) ____________
(5) _____________
Perfrming tasks inside the space statin
(2) ____________________ ____________________
Leisure activities
Perfrming tasks utside the space statin
Read the lecture transcript and cmplete the chart belw.
1 Hw d astrnauts sleep in space?
They usually sleep in private quarters r sleeping bags.
2 What rutine tasks d astrnauts d n the space statin?
They cnduct scientific research and d a lt f maintenance.
3 What d spacesuits allw astrnauts t d?
They allw them t breathe in space.
4 Hw d astrnauts drink water r any ther liquids?
They drink water r any ther liquids ut f a bag thrugh a thin tube f plastic.
5 Why d astrnauts need t spend sme time in the gym?
Because the near absence f gravity makes them lse muscle and bne mass and ging t the gym helps prevent this.
Answer the fllwing questins.
1. Hw des the lecturer maintain the interest f the audience? Give sme examples.
The lecturer tries t maintain the interest f the audience by giving examples, asking questins and emplying exclamatry sentences.
I have been wrking n ne experiment which lcates and tracks lightning ver large regins f the Earth.Did yu knw that in just five mnths, astrnauts culd lse a significant amunt f muscle and bne mass?Creatures such as mice, fish and msquites have als been sent t the statin!
2. What des the lecturer think f her six-mnth stay n the space statin? Hw des she justify her pinin?
The lecturer uses such wrds as “challenging but magical”, “demanding” “extremely rewarding” t describe her stay n the space statin. She justifies her pinins by giving cncrete examples.
3. Hw d yu understand the sentence “Splendid as the view f the Earth is, spacewalking is nt as exciting as yu might think.” in Paragraph 4?
It stresses that spacewalking sunds like a cl and exciting jb but actually it is rather dangerus.
4. What is implied by the wrd “must” in Lines 36–38?
The lecturer uses “must” twice t shw precisin f her language. Astrnauts have t fllw the requirements n the space statin. Otherwise, they wuld face dangerus situatins.
Three astrnauts usually sleep in a sleeping bag and have t attach themselves due t the absence f gravity. The sleeping bag is inside a cupbard.
Let’s lk at the life in China's first space statin.
The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the days are demanding. They cnduct scientific research and check supprt systems and d sme cleaning.
They perfrm tasks utside the space statin, such as testing new equipment, mnitring scientific experiments r repairing the space statin.
In view f lw-gravity envirnment, eating is als different in space. Mst fd is dried r frzen. They must drink water r any ther liquids ut f a bag and thrugh a thin tube f plastic.
Spending sme time in the gym is f vital imprtance t astrnauts’ health. The exercise equipment in space is specially designed fr them. They have at least tw hurs f exercise every day.
Discuss the fllwing questins.
1. What d yu think f daily life n a space statin? Use details frm the lecture transcript t supprt yur pinin.
I think that daily life n a space statin can be challenging but als exciting. Nrmal daily activities that are dne withut effrt by us dwn n the Earth present a challenge t the astrnauts n the space statin. Fr example, the lecturer describes hw t sleep in space: “… we have t attach urselves s that we dn’t flat arund.” and “It’s strange that we try t sleep with n pressure against ur back …”, which shws it is very incnvenient and uncmfrtable t sleep in a lw-gravity envirnment. In additin, “It’s a luxury t eat fresh fd” and the astrnauts eat “dried r freeze-dried” fd.
Als, they “must drink water r any ther liquids ut f a bag thrugh a thin tube f plastic”. This shws eating n the space statin greatly differs frm that n the Earth. Hwever, the idea that astrnauts can d smething mst peple culd never d is mind-blwing. The spacewalk is described by the lecturer as “prbably the mst dangerus wrk, with ptential risks such as electric shcks”, but living in space with the feeling f freedm must be a life-changing experience. Besides, they are able t enjy the splendid view f the Earth belw their feet!
2 At the end f the lecture, what questins wuld yu like t ask the astrnaut?
I wuld ask her abut her thughts n whether cmmn peple will be able t visit a “turist” space statin ne day.I wuld ask her if she saw anything unusual ut in space while she was n the space statin.I wuld ask her what persnal items she had taken with her t the space statin.I wuld ask her hw the astrnauts take shwers, g t the tilet and wash their hands.
3 What qualities d yu think are needed t becme an astrnaut?
Being calm under pressure wuld be a particularly essential quality t because certain tasks such as spacewalks can be dangerus. In additin t the abve, astrnauts need t be physically strng and healthy seeing that their bdies are greatly affected by the lw-gravity envirnment.
Language Pints
1. Due t the near absence f gravity in space, we have t attach urselves s that we dn’t flat arund.
absence n. the fact f nt existing; a lack f U.不存在；缺乏 failure t be present U./C. 缺席
absence frm wrk/schl 缺勤/缺课absence f mind 心不在焉in ne’s absence＝in the absence f 在某人不在时in the absence f 因缺乏……
e.g. Many letters arrived in my absence. In the absence f enugh evidence, they had t let her g.
【语境应用】完成句子。1) Her brther tk away her new bk ____________________ (在她不在时).2) Je was punished because he had s many ________________________ (缺课).3) ___________________________ (由于缺乏信息), we were unable t slve the prblem.4) The plice were delayed by the _________ (absent) f infrmatin abut the crime.
in/during her absence
absences frm class/schl
In the absence f infrmatin
2. …but the unusual beds dn’t bther us any mre. bther vt. t upset r frighten smene by talking t them when they d nt want t talk t yu; t make smene feel slightly wrried, upset, r cncerned; t anny smene, especially by interrupting them when they are trying t d smething 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力做某事；打扰 vi. t make the effrt t d smething花费时间精力做某事 bther sb. with sth. bther t d sth. n. truble r difficulty that has been caused by small prblems and that usually nly cntinues fr a shrt time 麻烦，困难
eg Dn’t bther yur father when he’s wrking. I didn’t want t bther her with wrk matters n her day ff. She never bthered with/abut clthes. Dn’t bther t answer this phne call. (翻译) 你父亲工作时不要打扰他。 我不想在她休假的时候因为工作问题打扰她。 她从不为衣服烦恼。 别费心去接这个来电。
3. The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the day are demanding, but they can als be extremely rewarding. ccupy vt. t fill a particular amunt f space; use smething such as a rm, seat, r bed; t enter a place in a large grup and keep cntrl f it; if smething ccupies yu r yur time, yu are busy ding it占用，使用；居住；侵占；使忙于
ccupatin n. 工作，职业；占领
eg The pian ccupies a lt f space. The dinner and speeches ccupied mre than three hurs. The regin was quickly ccupied by freign trps. My neighbr ccupied an imprtant psitin in the gvernment. (翻译) 钢琴占了很大的空间。 晚餐和演讲占用了三个多小时。 该地区很快被外国军队占领。 我的邻居在政府中担任重要的职位。
【拓展】ccupy neself (in) ding sth./ with sth. 忙于做某事ccupied adj. 有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的be ccupied in ding 忙于做……be ccupied with sth. 忙于(做)某事
eg Wrkmen are ccupied in/with pulling dwn the huse. (翻译) 工人们正忙着拆除房子。
【语境应用】完成句子。1) Writing _________ (ccupy) mst f my free time.2) Jim ccupied himself in _________ (play) his vilin.3) The wrkers _________ (ccupy) the factry and refused t leave.4) What are yu ccupied _________ this mrning?
ccupatin, prfessin, career, jb
4. We need t evaluate the effects f lw gravity n animals and plants. evaluate vt. t judge hw gd, useful, r successful smething is 评价，评估，评价 evaluatin n. 评估，估算 eg Yu shuld be able t evaluate yur wn wrk. We need t carry ut a prper evaluatin f the new system. (翻译) 你应该能够对自己的工作进行评估。 我们要对新的系统进行合理的评估。
【语境应用】完成句子。1) It can be difficult ___________ (evaluate) the effectiveness f different treatments.2) He des this by ___________ (evaluate) the strength f the evidence fr each categry.3) We need t carry ut a prper ___________ (evaluate) f the new system.
t evaluate
5. Hpefully, it will cast new light n the Earth’s climate and lead t better lightning prtectin. cast new light n: t prvide infrmatin that helps peple understand smething mre clearly 使进一步了解 eg Human genme (人类基因组) research is casting new light n Alzheimer’s disease. (翻译) 人类基因组研究正进一步了解阿尔兹海默症。
6. With s much ging n, the space statin needs a lt f maintenance, s we cnstantly check supprt systems and d sme cleaning.
with的复合结构在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
eg He felt mre uneasy with the whle class staring at him.
7. In the circumstances, it’s time fr a spacewalk. circumstance n. the cnditins in which yu live, especially hw much mney yu have 条件，状况 circumstances 境况，(尤指)经济状况 in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 eg Yu shuld act accrding t circumstances. In the circumstances, Paisley's plans lked highly apprpriate. He lives in pr circumstances. (翻译) 你要随机应变。 他生活在贫困的境况中。 Paisley所拟定的计划在当时的情况下看来非常恰当。
circumstance, envirnment, surrundingcircumstance常用复数，指和某行动或某件事有关的客观环境和条件，如时间、地点等；envirnment一般用单数，不用复数，指某人或某物周围的，并对人或物有影响的环境、条件，可以指精神的 (如注重道德的环境)，也可指物质的 (如工作环境)，还可以指自然环境 (如空气、水、土等)，或指人为的环境条件 (如经济环境)；surrunding只用复数，指某人周围的事物或环境，这些事物与环境对他的思想、感情、修养有一定影响。
8. …which allw us t breathe in space and prtect us frm expsure t the cld and radiatin. expsure n. when smene is in a situatin where they are nt prtected frm smething dangerus r unpleasant; the actin f shwing the truth abut smene r smething, especially when it is bad; the attentin that smene r smething gets frm newspapers, televisin etc. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道 eg Expsure t lead (铅) is knwn t damage the brains f yung children. Their sprting reputatin has suffered enrmusly frm Jhnsn's expsure.
【拓展】expse v. 暴露，露出；揭露；使遭受(危险或不快)；使接触；曝光expsed adj. 无遮蔽的；易受攻击的；风险高的eg He lifted his T-shirt t expse a scar acrss his chest. The reprt expses the weaknesses f mdern medical practice. Many f the sldiers had been expsed t radiatin. Sme children are never expsed t classical music.
【语境应用】完成句子/翻译句子。1) Prlnged _________ t the sun can cause skin cancer. 长时间晒太阳会导致皮肤癌。2) Dn’t ________________ (让战士们处于) unnecessary risks.3) The teacher shuld ____________________ (使学生们接触) real life situatins as far as pssible.4) The visit t Germany gave them expsure t the language. 去德国旅游使他们有机会接触到了德语。
expse sldiers t
expse the students t
9. Then we head ut, and smetimes perfrm tasks fr hurs at a time, with the beautiful Earth visible belw. visible adj. smething that is visible can be seen; an effect that is visible is great enugh t be nticed 看得见的；明显的 invisible adj. 看不见的 visibly adv. 明显地 eg The utline f the muntains was clearly visible. The huse was surrunded by trees and invisible frm the rad. (翻译) 群山的轮廓清晰可见。 这所房子树木环绕，从路上是看不见的。
10. Splendid as the view f the Earth is, spacewalking is nt as exciting as yu might think.
as引导让步状语从句：表语/状语+as+从句。as虽然；尽管
eg Heavily as it was raining utside, they started ut very early.
11. In view f the lw-gravity envirnment, eating is als different in space.
in view f: because f a particular thing, r cnsidering a particular fact 鉴于，考虑到
eg In view f what yu've said, I think we shuld recnsider ur prpsed curse f actin.
12. Furthermre, t keep ur bdy healthy, we must ensure a balanced supply f nutrients by taking pills. furthermre adv. in additin t what has already been said 此外，再者 eg He is ld and unppular. Furthermre, he has at best nly tw years f plitical life ahead f him. (翻译) 他又老又不受欢迎，而且，他最多也就两年的政治生命了。
ensure v. t make certain that smething will happen prperly 确保，保证ensure sb. sth. ensure + thateg The airline is taking steps t ensure safety n its aircraft. The medicine shuld ensure yu a gd night’s sleep. Our new research strategy ensures that we get the best pssible results.
13. Spending sme time in the gym is f vital imprtant t astrnauts’ health. vital adj. extremely imprtant and necessary fr smething t succeed r exist; necessary in rder t keep yu alive 必不可少的，极其重要的; 维持生命所需的 eg Regular exercise is vital fr yur health. The kidney plays a vital rle in the remval f waste prducts frm the bld.
【拓展】 be vital t/fr 对……是至关重要的 be f vital imprtance 至关重要 It’s vital t d sth. 做某事很重要 It’s vital that … (shuld) d … ……是十分重要的(虚拟语气) play a vital rle in 在……中起极其重要的作用
eg This matter is f vital imprtance t us. 这件事对我们来说至关重要。 Richardsn played a vital rle in the team's success. Richardsn对球队的成功起了极重要的作用。 It is vital that the patient (shuld) take in enugh nutritin every day. 病人每天吸收足够的营养是极其重要的。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Mst imprtantly, it’s ___________________________ __________________ (更重要的是你要注意餐桌礼仪).2) Knwing abut the histry and culture f Tianjin ___________________(至关重要) fr me t becme a gd vlunteer. 3) Understanding histry is __________(重要的) t understanding urselves as a peple and as a natin.
is f vital imprtance
it’s vital that yu shuld mind
yur table manners
14. ..., we discipline urselves t d at least tw hurs f exercise every day.
discipline n. a way f training smene s that they learn t cntrl their behavir and bey rules; the ability t cntrl yur wn behavir, s that yu d what yu are expected t d; a way f training yur mind r learning t cntrl yur behavir训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力vt. t cntrl the way yu wrk; t punish smene; t teach smene t bey rules and cntrl behavir严格要求；惩罚；训练
eg The bk gives parents advice n discipline. Wrking frm hme requires a gd deal f discipline. The fficers were later disciplined. Different cultures have different ways f disciplining their children. Try t discipline yurself t write every day. (翻译) 这本书向父母提供了管教方面的建议。 在家上班要具备良好的自制力。 那些官员后来受到了处罚。 要想办法约束自己每天写作。 不同的文化有不同的管教儿童的方法。
15. During ur leisure time, there’s nthing we like mre than t sit back with the rest f the crew and watch ur remarkable planet g by. leisure n. time when yu are nt wrking/ studying and can relax and d things yu enjy 空闲；闲暇 at ne’s leisure 空闲时 eg Mst peple nw enjy shrter wrking hurs and mre leisure time. Take the leaflets hme and read them at yur leisure.
What can yu see in the picture?
an astrnaut in space suit
land n the mn
The first man ging int the space: Yuri Gagarin, Sviet csmnaut (前苏联宇航员) in 1961
Far abve the Earth, astrnauts are living n a space statin. Can yu name any famus astrnauts frm China r abrad?
The first man landing n the mn: Neil Armstrng, American astrnaut, Apll 11 in 1967
The first Chinese ging int the space: Yang Liwei, Chinese astrnaut in 2003
I knw abut Chinese astrnaut Yang Liwei wh went int space in 2003 abard Shenzhu 5. He was the first Chinese citizen t g int space and his histric jurney cnsisted f 14 rbits arund the Earth. His entire missin tk mre than 21 hurs. Yang has received many hnrs, bth at hme and abrad, including the UNESCO Medal n Space Science.
China's first female astrnaut: Liu Yang, in 2012
I knw abut the astrnaut Liu Yang wh was the first Chinese wman t g int space. Liu jined the astrnaut crps in 2010. She was launched int space n 16 June 2012, abard Shenzhu 9, which successfully cmpleted China’s first crewed space dcking when it dcked with the space mdule Tiangng-1. Liu Yang was in charge f medical experiments during the missin.
In 1969, Neil Armstrng delivered his famus wrds frm the Mn, “That’s ne small step fr a man, ne giant leap fr mankind.” The dream f cnquering the sky in flight ges back thusands f years in China. By this time, China had already been wrking n its first manned spacecraft research fr tw years. That spacecraft was called Shuguang – r first light f dawn. Frm Shuguang t Tiangng, what has China experienced in its space explratin prgram?
Our cnquest is the sea f stars.
Shrtly after the return f the three Shenzhu-12 astrnauts and the launch f a carg missin half a mnth ag, the Shenzhu-13 manned spaceship is ready fr launch. All f these have shwn China's effrts and achievements in the field f space explratin.
What d yu think astrnauts n a space statin d every day?
I think daily life n a space statin is similar t that n the Earth, except that astrnauts have t adapt t ding everything in smaller spaces and in an envirnment that is weightless and als dangerus. Just like n the Earth, their days wuld include sleeping, eating, wrking, exercising and relaxing. Hwever, when ging abut their daily rutines, the astrnauts must fllw the necessary rules and prcesses t ensure their safety because any damage t the space statin culd result in danger. Astrnauts n the space statin will have t maintain the statin. During their leisure time, they can d sme exercise, read a bk r talk t their families r friends ver vide chat.
List sme wrds abut astrnmy.
Lk at the picture and title n page 16. What infrmatin d yu expect t get frm this lecture?
Astrnauts’ daily lives n a space statin, including eating and sleeping.Hw astrnauts deal with their lneliness while living n a space statin.Hw astrnauts’ experiences n a space statin affect their lives back n the Earth.
Read the passage quickly and get the main idea f the text.
Life n a space statin
The text may be abut what peple’s life is like n a space statin.
Tpic sentences:
The strangeness f living in space is apparent frm the mment we sleep.
The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the day are demanding, but they can als be extremely rewarding.
The mst challenging wrk takes place when we need t perfrm tasks utside the space statin, such as ...
In view f the lw-gravity envirnment, eating is als different in space.
Spending sme time in the gym is f vital imprtance t astrnauts’ health.
Different aspects f life n a space statin
(1) ____________
(3) ____________
(4) ____________
(5) _____________
Perfrming tasks inside the space statin
(2) ____________________ ____________________
Leisure activities
Perfrming tasks utside the space statin
Read the lecture transcript and cmplete the chart belw.
1 Hw d astrnauts sleep in space?
They usually sleep in private quarters r sleeping bags.
2 What rutine tasks d astrnauts d n the space statin?
They cnduct scientific research and d a lt f maintenance.
3 What d spacesuits allw astrnauts t d?
They allw them t breathe in space.
4 Hw d astrnauts drink water r any ther liquids?
They drink water r any ther liquids ut f a bag thrugh a thin tube f plastic.
5 Why d astrnauts need t spend sme time in the gym?
Because the near absence f gravity makes them lse muscle and bne mass and ging t the gym helps prevent this.
Answer the fllwing questins.
1. Hw des the lecturer maintain the interest f the audience? Give sme examples.
The lecturer tries t maintain the interest f the audience by giving examples, asking questins and emplying exclamatry sentences.
I have been wrking n ne experiment which lcates and tracks lightning ver large regins f the Earth.Did yu knw that in just five mnths, astrnauts culd lse a significant amunt f muscle and bne mass?Creatures such as mice, fish and msquites have als been sent t the statin!
2. What des the lecturer think f her six-mnth stay n the space statin? Hw des she justify her pinin?
The lecturer uses such wrds as “challenging but magical”, “demanding” “extremely rewarding” t describe her stay n the space statin. She justifies her pinins by giving cncrete examples.
3. Hw d yu understand the sentence “Splendid as the view f the Earth is, spacewalking is nt as exciting as yu might think.” in Paragraph 4?
It stresses that spacewalking sunds like a cl and exciting jb but actually it is rather dangerus.
4. What is implied by the wrd “must” in Lines 36–38?
The lecturer uses “must” twice t shw precisin f her language. Astrnauts have t fllw the requirements n the space statin. Otherwise, they wuld face dangerus situatins.
Three astrnauts usually sleep in a sleeping bag and have t attach themselves due t the absence f gravity. The sleeping bag is inside a cupbard.
Let’s lk at the life in China's first space statin.
The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the days are demanding. They cnduct scientific research and check supprt systems and d sme cleaning.
They perfrm tasks utside the space statin, such as testing new equipment, mnitring scientific experiments r repairing the space statin.
In view f lw-gravity envirnment, eating is als different in space. Mst fd is dried r frzen. They must drink water r any ther liquids ut f a bag and thrugh a thin tube f plastic.
Spending sme time in the gym is f vital imprtance t astrnauts’ health. The exercise equipment in space is specially designed fr them. They have at least tw hurs f exercise every day.
Discuss the fllwing questins.
1. What d yu think f daily life n a space statin? Use details frm the lecture transcript t supprt yur pinin.
I think that daily life n a space statin can be challenging but als exciting. Nrmal daily activities that are dne withut effrt by us dwn n the Earth present a challenge t the astrnauts n the space statin. Fr example, the lecturer describes hw t sleep in space: “… we have t attach urselves s that we dn’t flat arund.” and “It’s strange that we try t sleep with n pressure against ur back …”, which shws it is very incnvenient and uncmfrtable t sleep in a lw-gravity envirnment. In additin, “It’s a luxury t eat fresh fd” and the astrnauts eat “dried r freeze-dried” fd.
Als, they “must drink water r any ther liquids ut f a bag thrugh a thin tube f plastic”. This shws eating n the space statin greatly differs frm that n the Earth. Hwever, the idea that astrnauts can d smething mst peple culd never d is mind-blwing. The spacewalk is described by the lecturer as “prbably the mst dangerus wrk, with ptential risks such as electric shcks”, but living in space with the feeling f freedm must be a life-changing experience. Besides, they are able t enjy the splendid view f the Earth belw their feet!
2 At the end f the lecture, what questins wuld yu like t ask the astrnaut?
I wuld ask her abut her thughts n whether cmmn peple will be able t visit a “turist” space statin ne day.I wuld ask her if she saw anything unusual ut in space while she was n the space statin.I wuld ask her what persnal items she had taken with her t the space statin.I wuld ask her hw the astrnauts take shwers, g t the tilet and wash their hands.
3 What qualities d yu think are needed t becme an astrnaut?
Being calm under pressure wuld be a particularly essential quality t because certain tasks such as spacewalks can be dangerus. In additin t the abve, astrnauts need t be physically strng and healthy seeing that their bdies are greatly affected by the lw-gravity envirnment.
Language Pints
1. Due t the near absence f gravity in space, we have t attach urselves s that we dn’t flat arund.
absence n. the fact f nt existing; a lack f U.不存在；缺乏 failure t be present U./C. 缺席
absence frm wrk/schl 缺勤/缺课absence f mind 心不在焉in ne’s absence＝in the absence f 在某人不在时in the absence f 因缺乏……
e.g. Many letters arrived in my absence. In the absence f enugh evidence, they had t let her g.
【语境应用】完成句子。1) Her brther tk away her new bk ____________________ (在她不在时).2) Je was punished because he had s many ________________________ (缺课).3) ___________________________ (由于缺乏信息), we were unable t slve the prblem.4) The plice were delayed by the _________ (absent) f infrmatin abut the crime.
in/during her absence
absences frm class/schl
In the absence f infrmatin
2. …but the unusual beds dn’t bther us any mre. bther vt. t upset r frighten smene by talking t them when they d nt want t talk t yu; t make smene feel slightly wrried, upset, r cncerned; t anny smene, especially by interrupting them when they are trying t d smething 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力做某事；打扰 vi. t make the effrt t d smething花费时间精力做某事 bther sb. with sth. bther t d sth. n. truble r difficulty that has been caused by small prblems and that usually nly cntinues fr a shrt time 麻烦，困难
eg Dn’t bther yur father when he’s wrking. I didn’t want t bther her with wrk matters n her day ff. She never bthered with/abut clthes. Dn’t bther t answer this phne call. (翻译) 你父亲工作时不要打扰他。 我不想在她休假的时候因为工作问题打扰她。 她从不为衣服烦恼。 别费心去接这个来电。
3. The rutine tasks that ccupy mst f the day are demanding, but they can als be extremely rewarding. ccupy vt. t fill a particular amunt f space; use smething such as a rm, seat, r bed; t enter a place in a large grup and keep cntrl f it; if smething ccupies yu r yur time, yu are busy ding it占用，使用；居住；侵占；使忙于
ccupatin n. 工作，职业；占领
eg The pian ccupies a lt f space. The dinner and speeches ccupied mre than three hurs. The regin was quickly ccupied by freign trps. My neighbr ccupied an imprtant psitin in the gvernment. (翻译) 钢琴占了很大的空间。 晚餐和演讲占用了三个多小时。 该地区很快被外国军队占领。 我的邻居在政府中担任重要的职位。
【拓展】ccupy neself (in) ding sth./ with sth. 忙于做某事ccupied adj. 有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的be ccupied in ding 忙于做……be ccupied with sth. 忙于(做)某事
eg Wrkmen are ccupied in/with pulling dwn the huse. (翻译) 工人们正忙着拆除房子。
【语境应用】完成句子。1) Writing _________ (ccupy) mst f my free time.2) Jim ccupied himself in _________ (play) his vilin.3) The wrkers _________ (ccupy) the factry and refused t leave.4) What are yu ccupied _________ this mrning?
ccupatin, prfessin, career, jb
4. We need t evaluate the effects f lw gravity n animals and plants. evaluate vt. t judge hw gd, useful, r successful smething is 评价，评估，评价 evaluatin n. 评估，估算 eg Yu shuld be able t evaluate yur wn wrk. We need t carry ut a prper evaluatin f the new system. (翻译) 你应该能够对自己的工作进行评估。 我们要对新的系统进行合理的评估。
【语境应用】完成句子。1) It can be difficult ___________ (evaluate) the effectiveness f different treatments.2) He des this by ___________ (evaluate) the strength f the evidence fr each categry.3) We need t carry ut a prper ___________ (evaluate) f the new system.
t evaluate
5. Hpefully, it will cast new light n the Earth’s climate and lead t better lightning prtectin. cast new light n: t prvide infrmatin that helps peple understand smething mre clearly 使进一步了解 eg Human genme (人类基因组) research is casting new light n Alzheimer’s disease. (翻译) 人类基因组研究正进一步了解阿尔兹海默症。
6. With s much ging n, the space statin needs a lt f maintenance, s we cnstantly check supprt systems and d sme cleaning.
with的复合结构在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
eg He felt mre uneasy with the whle class staring at him.
7. In the circumstances, it’s time fr a spacewalk. circumstance n. the cnditins in which yu live, especially hw much mney yu have 条件，状况 circumstances 境况，(尤指)经济状况 in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 eg Yu shuld act accrding t circumstances. In the circumstances, Paisley's plans lked highly apprpriate. He lives in pr circumstances. (翻译) 你要随机应变。 他生活在贫困的境况中。 Paisley所拟定的计划在当时的情况下看来非常恰当。
circumstance, envirnment, surrundingcircumstance常用复数，指和某行动或某件事有关的客观环境和条件，如时间、地点等；envirnment一般用单数，不用复数，指某人或某物周围的，并对人或物有影响的环境、条件，可以指精神的 (如注重道德的环境)，也可指物质的 (如工作环境)，还可以指自然环境 (如空气、水、土等)，或指人为的环境条件 (如经济环境)；surrunding只用复数，指某人周围的事物或环境，这些事物与环境对他的思想、感情、修养有一定影响。
8. …which allw us t breathe in space and prtect us frm expsure t the cld and radiatin. expsure n. when smene is in a situatin where they are nt prtected frm smething dangerus r unpleasant; the actin f shwing the truth abut smene r smething, especially when it is bad; the attentin that smene r smething gets frm newspapers, televisin etc. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道 eg Expsure t lead (铅) is knwn t damage the brains f yung children. Their sprting reputatin has suffered enrmusly frm Jhnsn's expsure.
【拓展】expse v. 暴露，露出；揭露；使遭受(危险或不快)；使接触；曝光expsed adj. 无遮蔽的；易受攻击的；风险高的eg He lifted his T-shirt t expse a scar acrss his chest. The reprt expses the weaknesses f mdern medical practice. Many f the sldiers had been expsed t radiatin. Sme children are never expsed t classical music.
【语境应用】完成句子/翻译句子。1) Prlnged _________ t the sun can cause skin cancer. 长时间晒太阳会导致皮肤癌。2) Dn’t ________________ (让战士们处于) unnecessary risks.3) The teacher shuld ____________________ (使学生们接触) real life situatins as far as pssible.4) The visit t Germany gave them expsure t the language. 去德国旅游使他们有机会接触到了德语。
expse sldiers t
expse the students t
9. Then we head ut, and smetimes perfrm tasks fr hurs at a time, with the beautiful Earth visible belw. visible adj. smething that is visible can be seen; an effect that is visible is great enugh t be nticed 看得见的；明显的 invisible adj. 看不见的 visibly adv. 明显地 eg The utline f the muntains was clearly visible. The huse was surrunded by trees and invisible frm the rad. (翻译) 群山的轮廓清晰可见。 这所房子树木环绕，从路上是看不见的。
10. Splendid as the view f the Earth is, spacewalking is nt as exciting as yu might think.
as引导让步状语从句：表语/状语+as+从句。as虽然；尽管
eg Heavily as it was raining utside, they started ut very early.
11. In view f the lw-gravity envirnment, eating is als different in space.
in view f: because f a particular thing, r cnsidering a particular fact 鉴于，考虑到
eg In view f what yu've said, I think we shuld recnsider ur prpsed curse f actin.
12. Furthermre, t keep ur bdy healthy, we must ensure a balanced supply f nutrients by taking pills. furthermre adv. in additin t what has already been said 此外，再者 eg He is ld and unppular. Furthermre, he has at best nly tw years f plitical life ahead f him. (翻译) 他又老又不受欢迎，而且，他最多也就两年的政治生命了。
ensure v. t make certain that smething will happen prperly 确保，保证ensure sb. sth. ensure + thateg The airline is taking steps t ensure safety n its aircraft. The medicine shuld ensure yu a gd night’s sleep. Our new research strategy ensures that we get the best pssible results.
13. Spending sme time in the gym is f vital imprtant t astrnauts’ health. vital adj. extremely imprtant and necessary fr smething t succeed r exist; necessary in rder t keep yu alive 必不可少的，极其重要的; 维持生命所需的 eg Regular exercise is vital fr yur health. The kidney plays a vital rle in the remval f waste prducts frm the bld.
【拓展】 be vital t/fr 对……是至关重要的 be f vital imprtance 至关重要 It’s vital t d sth. 做某事很重要 It’s vital that … (shuld) d … ……是十分重要的(虚拟语气) play a vital rle in 在……中起极其重要的作用
eg This matter is f vital imprtance t us. 这件事对我们来说至关重要。 Richardsn played a vital rle in the team's success. Richardsn对球队的成功起了极重要的作用。 It is vital that the patient (shuld) take in enugh nutritin every day. 病人每天吸收足够的营养是极其重要的。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Mst imprtantly, it’s ___________________________ __________________ (更重要的是你要注意餐桌礼仪).2) Knwing abut the histry and culture f Tianjin ___________________(至关重要) fr me t becme a gd vlunteer. 3) Understanding histry is __________(重要的) t understanding urselves as a peple and as a natin.
is f vital imprtance
it’s vital that yu shuld mind
yur table manners
14. ..., we discipline urselves t d at least tw hurs f exercise every day.
discipline n. a way f training smene s that they learn t cntrl their behavir and bey rules; the ability t cntrl yur wn behavir, s that yu d what yu are expected t d; a way f training yur mind r learning t cntrl yur behavir训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力vt. t cntrl the way yu wrk; t punish smene; t teach smene t bey rules and cntrl behavir严格要求；惩罚；训练
eg The bk gives parents advice n discipline. Wrking frm hme requires a gd deal f discipline. The fficers were later disciplined. Different cultures have different ways f disciplining their children. Try t discipline yurself t write every day. (翻译) 这本书向父母提供了管教方面的建议。 在家上班要具备良好的自制力。 那些官员后来受到了处罚。 要想办法约束自己每天写作。 不同的文化有不同的管教儿童的方法。
15. During ur leisure time, there’s nthing we like mre than t sit back with the rest f the crew and watch ur remarkable planet g by. leisure n. time when yu are nt wrking/ studying and can relax and d things yu enjy 空闲；闲暇 at ne’s leisure 空闲时 eg Mst peple nw enjy shrter wrking hurs and mre leisure time. Take the leaflets hme and read them at yur leisure.
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