选择性必修 第二册Unit 6 Survival精品随堂练习题

这是一份选择性必修 第二册Unit 6 Survival精品随堂练习题，共15页。试卷主要包含了91 and 1， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Using language
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.He returned t his hmetwn as sn as the pandemic (break) ut.

2. (infrm) f a number f fd safety cases,cnsumers becme mre careful in rdering meals.
3.Hw d peple (react) t the news that the girl wins the gld medal in the Olympic Games?
4.The future f human life depends n hw we (respnd) t the risks f climate change.
5.Always get rid yur bad habit whenever it’s pssible.
6.T make matters wrse,Mth (diagnse)with a serius disease.
7.I I wuld invite her (take) part in the party if she was free.


Ⅱ.短语填空
be determined t;respnd t;cpe with;prevent frm;be crwded with;react t
1.I take part in the Speech Cntest when I gt the ntice.
2.Thugh I was tired ut that evening,I falling asleep by the great pain in my ft.
3.Many yungsters felt their friendships culd be at risk if they scial media psts quickly.
4.We wnder hw he the shcking news at that time.
5.The stadium fans frm arund the wrld.
6.He fund it difficult the prblems when he entered the university.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.在某种程度上,我们可以将造纸术和印刷术的发明与20世纪早期互联网的引入相媲美。
In a way,we can cmpare the inventin f paper and printing with the intrductin f the Internet .
2.有一些健康问题,如果不及时治疗,以后会酿成大问题。
There are sme health prblems that,if nt ,can becme bigger nes later n.
3.这名球员接受了两年的治疗,他很有可能在下一场比赛中及时从伤病中恢复过来。
The player was under and the chances are that he will recver frm his injury in time fr the next race.
4.为了以后有个更好的家园,应该控制人口增长。
The grwth f ppulatin shuld s that we’ll have a better hmetwn in the future.
5.这是这位年轻的歌手自成名以来第一次在他的家乡表演。
This is the first time that the yung singer has perfrmed in his hmetwn since his fame.
IV.阅读理解
A
A recent study published in the jurnal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third amng cuntries cntributing t castal plastic pllutin. The new research challenges the nce-held assumptin that the US is adequately "managing" its plastic waste. A previus study using 2010 data that did nt accunt fr plastic waste exprts had ranked the US 20th, glbally, in its cntributin t cean plastic pllutin.
Using plastic waste generatin (产生) data frm 2016 — the latest available glbal numbers — scientists calculated that mre than half f all plastics cllected fr recycling (1.99 millin tns f 3.91 millin tns cllected) in the US were shipped abrad. Of this, 88% f exprts went t cuntries struggling t effectively manage plastics; and between 15-25% was lw-value r cntaminated (受污染的). It means it was unrecyclable. Taking these factrs int accunt, the researchers estimated that up t 1 millin tns f US-generated plastic waste ended up plluting the envirnment beynd its wn brders.
Using 2016 data, the paper als estimated that between 0.91 and 1.25 millin tns f plastic waste generated in the US was either littered r illegally dumped int the envirnment dmestically. Cmbined with waste exprts, this means the US cntributed up t 2.25 millin tns f plastics int the envirnment. Of this, up t 1.5 millin tns f plastics ended up in castal envirnments. This ranks the US as high as third glbally in cntributing t castal plastic pllutin.
"The US generates the mst plastic waste f any ther cuntry in the wrld, but rather than lking the prblem in the eye, we have utsurced it t develping cuntries," said Nick Malls, senir directr f Ocean Cnservancy's Trash Free Seas prgram and a c-authr f the study. "The slutin has t start at hme. We need t create less, by cutting ut unnecessary single-use plastics; we need t create better, by develping innvative new ways t package and deliver gds; and where plastics are inevitable, we need t greatly imprve ur recycling rates."
"Previus research has prvided glbal values fr plastic input int the envirnment and castal areas, but detailed analyses like this ne are imprtant fr individual cuntries t further assess their cntributins," said Dr. Jenna Jambeck, Distinguished Prfessr at the University f Gergia's Cllege f Engineering and a c-authr f the study. "In the case f the United States, it is critically imprtant that we examine ur wn backyard and take respnsibility fr ur glbal plastic ftprint."
1.Cmpared with the previus study, the new ne _____.
A.cvers data mre cmprehensively
B.excludes plastic waste shipped abrad
C.is cntrary t the latest glbal numbers
D.challenges the recycling way f plastics
2.Accrding t 2016 data, what can be learned abut the plastic waste generated in the US?
A.Over half f it ended up plluting the envirnment utside the US.
B.Mst f its exprted plastic waste wasn't wrth recycling.
C.Less than half f it was actually recycled dmestically.
D.Mre f it is littered r illegally dumped than exprted.
3.It is implied by Nick Malls that _____.
A.plastic pllutin in develping cuntries is mre serius
B.US has been irrespnsible in dealing with its plastic waste
C.US shuld cperate with thers t handle its plastic waste
D.innvative means are needed t eliminate single-use plastics
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A.Plastic Pllutin Great Risk t Marine Life
B.US Tp Cntributr t Castal Plastic Pllutin
C.Plastic Waste Majr Surce f Castal Pllutin
D.Recycling Effective Way t Address Plastic Waste
B
17-year-ld Dasia Taylr was named ne f 40 finalists in the Regenern Science Talent Search (STS), the natin's mst famus Science and math cmpetitin fr high schl senirs.
Dasia's sutures (缝合线) wrk by changing clr if the patients' pH level changes, indicating an infectin. pH is ne f the mst cmmn parts f wund healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, s it's ne f the fastest ways t recgnize infectin.
S, she started experimenting with rt vegetables. "I fund that beet changed clr at the perfect pH pint," says Taylr. "That's perfect fr an infected wund. And s, I was like, 'Oh, kay. S beet is where it's at'." Beet prvided the perfect dye fr her inventin, changing frm bright red t dark purple when a surgical wund becmes infected. After mre than a year f research, Taylr is wrking n getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in develping cuntries where they can save lives and mney. "The gal f my prject is t reduce the number f deadly surgical site infectins in develping cuntries because develping cuntries suffer frm the mst number f deaths due t surgical site infectins," she said. "I was like there is n way that that shuld be happening. The equity part f my brain and all the wrk that I d arund equity was like 'That shuldn't be happening. They shuld have the resurces t save their citizens in their cuntry.' S, my gal is t wrk n that and make sure that it can actually discver thse types f infectins and stuff." After graduatin, Dasia hpes t attend Hward University, study plitical science and finally becme a lawyer.
1.Hw can a patient quickly knw if a wund is infected?
A.By bserving the pH test paper.
B.Thrugh the dctrs' examinatin.
C.By lking at sutures' clr changing.
D.By bserving hw the wund changes.
2.What did Dasia discver in her experiment?
A.Beet has the same pH level.
B.Beet can change clr at different times.
C.Beet therapy is gd fr wund healing.
D.Beet can be used t help her with the inventin.
3.What can we learn abut Dasia?
A.She has wn the inventin patent.
B.She became the winner f the Regenern STS.
C.She made cntributins t surgical infectin recgnitin.
D.She helped save lts f lives and mney in develping cuntries.
4.What will Dasia's future career prbably invlve?
A.Medical and health wrk.
B.Medical device develpment.
C.Smething abut the legal aid.
D.Medical and science research.
C
Vegetarian fds are nt equally healthy accrding t a new research at ESC Cngress 2020. Dr. Matina said, "This finding was mre clear in wmen. A recent research has shwn that wmen tend t eat mre plant-based fds and less animal-based prducts than men. But ur study suggests this des nt ensure healthier fd chices and in turn better health cnditin.
Mst studies see plant-based diets simply as "vegetarian" r "lw in meat", thus treating all plant fds as equal. Hwever, this study examined the type f plant-based fds eaten, in additin t the verall amunt. Healthy plant-based prducts were made up f fruits, vegetables and cffee while unhealthy plant-based prducts included juices, ptates and any kind f sweets.
The study examined the link between the quantity (数量) and quality fplant-based fds and heart health ver a 10-year perid. In 2011, the study selected 146 fat adults living in Athens with nrmal bld pressure and bld sugar. Diet was studied using a questinnaire abut usual habits in the year. It listed 156 fds and drinks cmmnly had in Greece. Within ten years, nearly half f these fat participants develped high bld pressure and high bld sugar, thugh mst f them preferred plant-based fds. The rest wh ate quality plant- based fds, hwever, didn't have these health prblems.
Regarding (关于) the quality f plant-based fds, healthier chices were linked with keeping nrmal bld pressure and bld sugar. On the cntrary, eating unhealthy plant-based fds was cnnected with develping high bld pressure and high bld sugar. These relatinships were strnger in wmen cmpared t men.
1.What did Dr. Matina say abut the study?
A.Vegetarian fds are unhealthy.
B.Men tend t chse healthier fds.
C.Nt all plant-based fds can keep yu fit.
D.Wmen tend t eat less plant-based fds.
2.What d we knw abut the participants (参与者) in this study?
A.Mst f them living in Greece ate fatty fds.
B.They all had lw bld pressure and bld sugar.
C.Abut half f them made healthier fd chices.
D.Men were mre likely t becme wrse in health cnditin.
3.What is the result f eating quality plant-based fds?
A.It can help keep gd health.
B.It has nthing t d with health.
C.It nly benefits wmen's health.
D.It can make wmen strnger than men.
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.A Balanced Diet Is Gd fr Yur Health
B.Are All Vegetarian Diets Healthy?
C.Plant-based Fds r Animal-based Prducts?
D.The Mre Vegetarian Fds Yu Eat, the Healthier Yu Are
V. 任务型阅读
A pwerful magnitude 7. 1 temblr rcked Suthern Califrnia at 8:19 PT n July 5, 2019, just 34 hurs after a magnitude 6. 4 earthquake hit the same area. This latest event was widely felt. 41. Aftershcks are expected t cntinue.
Earthquakes are als called temblrs. 42. It's hard t imagine they happen by the thusands every day arund the wrld, usually in the frm f small tremrs. Sme 80% f all the planet' s earthquakes happen alng the rim (边缘) f the Pacific Ocean. 43. That is because f a lt f vlcanic activity there, as well.
Scientists give a magnitude rating t earthquakes based n the strength and duratin f their seismic (地震的) waves. A magnitude f 3 t 4. 9 is cnsidered minr r light; 5 t 6. 9 is mderate (中等的) t strng; 7 t 7. 9 is majr; and 8 r mre is great.
44. Sme 10, 000 peple die in earthquakes every year. Earthquakes may als lead t ther natural disasters. Smaller temblrs that usually happen in the days fllwing a large earthquake can cause further death and damage. 45.
A. It is called the "Ring f Fire".
B. They can cause huge damage.
C. Prtect yurself as quickly as pssible.
D. In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes smewhere every year.
E. Lss f life can be avided thrugh planning and educatin.
F. One imprtant way is t try t make yur hme as safe as pssible.
G. It caused several fires and damage t buildings and rads in Ridgecrest and nearby.
VI.完形填空，阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
TrackersnIce
Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking cllar n a wild plar bear des nt mean the animal will bligingly keep it n. 71 , these huge cllars are purpsefully lse. If ne becmes annying, a bear can 72 it. But scientists have nw fund a way t use 73 frm the discarded(丢弃的)devices.
"These drpped cllars 74 wuld have been cnsidered garbage data," says Natasha Klappstein, a plar bear researcher at the University f Alberta. She and her clleagues instead used 75 frm such cllars, left n sea ice in Canada's Hudsn Bay, t track the ice itself. Fr their study, published in June in The Crysphere, the researchers identified twenty cllars that transmitted mvement data in line with ice drift rather than plar bear 76 between 2005 and 2015. The resulting recrds f hw melting ice typically drifts in Hudsn Bay are unique. There are n easily 77 n-the-grund sensrs, and satellite bservatins ften cannt accurately capture the mtin f small ice sheets.
The team 78 the discarded cllars' mvements with widely used ice-drift mdeling data frm the U. S. Natinal Snw and Ice Data Center(NSIDC). Cllar data indicated that the NSIDC mdel underestimates the speed at which ice mves arund in Hudsn Bay-as well as the verall 79 f drift. Over the curse f several mnths, the mdel culd drift away frm an ice sheet's lcatin by a few hundred kilmeters, the researchers say.
This means the bears may be wrking harder, when mving against the directin f the ice, than scientists had 80 : "Since we're underestimating the speed f drift, we're likely underestimating the energetic effrt f plar bears, "says Natasha Klappstein. The research reveals 81 insight int hw highly mbile ice mves. As melting increases in the cming years, such ice will likely becme mre 82 farther nrth, in the central Artic. Scientists had knwn NSIDC data culd underestimate drift speeds, but "any time we can find a data 83 , it is a gd thing."
Plus, such data culd imprve predictins abut hw il spills r ther pllutants may 84 in seas, littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senir NSIDC research scientist, wh was nt invlved in the study. The findings may even 85 future NSIDC mdels: "It's a really nice data set, "Meier says. "And certainly ne we'll take under cnsideratin. "
VII. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research says that expsing t the smell f junk fd fr at least tw minutes can actually help yu make111. (healthy) fd chices.
The results f a series f experiments, including field112. (study) at a supermarket and at a middle schl cafeteria， shw that extended expsure t junk fd smell113. (lead) t lwer purchases f unhealthy fds114. (cmpare) with healthy smell. The brain desn't necessarily distinguish115. a pleasurable smell and taste. That is116. lng expsure t junk fd smell can be as satisfactry as actually having it in yur muth,117. in turn decreases the desire fr cnsumptin f junk fd.
Hwever, it's nt the same case with smell f healthy fd. When the expsure t smell f healthy fd118. (examine), fd chices were nt119. (prfund) influenced. The reasn fr this is that healthy fd is nt cnnected with reward in ur brain and therefre has little influence n120. we desire.







答案解析
71. A. In fact
B. In away
C. In additin
D. In the end
72. A. destry
B. remve
C. resist
D. reject
73. A. scratches
B. senses
C. samples
D. signals
74. A. particularly
B. relevantly
C. intentinally
D. ptentially
75. A. estimates
B. subjects
C. measurements
D. patents
76. A. behavir
B. habitat
C. manner
D. mtin
77. A. flexible
B. favrable
C. accessible
D. changeable
78. A. verladed
B. cmpared
C. exchanged
D. traced
79. A. extent
B. damage
C. trend
D. limit
80. A. agreed
B. prmised
C. prved
D. assumed
81. A. valueless
B. superir
C. entire
D. timely
82. A. evident
B. unique
C. cmmn
D. realistic
83. A. gap
B. scan
C. bm
D. fit
84. A. rise
B. spread
C. recver
D. settle
85. A. reverse
B. resemble
C. influence
D. mtivate
I
brke
Infrmed
react
respnd
f
was diagnsed
t take

II
was determined t
was prevented frm
did nt respnd t
reacted t
was crwded with
t cpe with
III
early in the 20th century
treated in time
tw-year treatment
be brught under cntrl
rise t
IV
【答案】 ACBB
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三，并对相关情况进行介绍。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A previus study using 2010 data that did nt accunt fr plastic waste exprts had ranked the US 20th, glbally, in its cntributin t cean plastic pllutin.”此前的一项研究使用了2010年的数据，但未考虑塑料垃圾出口，将美国对海洋塑料污染的贡献排在全球第20位。可推出，比起先前的研究，新的研究数据更加全面，故选A。
2.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Using plastic waste generatin (产生) data frm 2016 — the latest available glbal numbers — scientists calculated that mre than half f all plastics cllected fr recycling (1.99 millin tns f 3.91 millin tns cllected) in the US were shipped abrad.”利用2016年的塑料垃圾产生数据(全球可获得的最新数据)，科学家们计算出，在美国收集的用于回收的塑料中，有一半以上(391万吨中有199万吨)被运往海外。可推知，只有不到一半的垃圾在国内被回收。故选C。
3.考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“‘The US generates the mst plastic waste f any ther cuntry in the wrld, but rather than lking the prblem in the eye, we have utsurced it t develping cuntries,’ said Nick Malls”海洋保护协会无垃圾海洋项目高级主任、该研究报告的合著者尼克•马洛斯说:“美国产生的塑料垃圾比世界上任何其他国家都多，但我们没有正视这个问题，而是把它外包给了发展中国家。”可推知，美国在处理塑料垃圾方面一直很不负责任。故选B。
4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“A recent study published in the jurnal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third amng cuntries cntributing t castal plastic pllutin.”最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三； 以及最后一段中的“In the case f the United States, it is critically imprtant that we examine ur wn backyard and take respnsibility fr ur glbal plastic ftprint.”就美国而言，至关重要的是我们要检查自己的后院，并对我们的全球塑料足迹负责。可知本文是在介绍美国是沿海塑料垃圾头号罪魁祸首，“美国沿海塑料污染的头号贡献者”为最合适的标题。故选B。
B
【答案】 CDCC
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了17岁的高中生泰勒Dasia发现通过观察缝线颜色的变化，很快就可以知道病人伤口是否感染，为外科感染识别做出了贡献。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) wrk by changing clr if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infectin.”如果患者的pH值发生变化，达西娅的缝合线就会改变颜色，表明感染。可知通过观察缝线颜色的变化病人很快就知道伤口是否感染了。故选C。
2.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ Beet prvided the perfect dye fr her inventin, changing frm bright red t dark purple when a surgical wund becmes infected. ”甜菜为她的发明提供了完美的染料，当手术伤口感染时，甜菜会从亮红色变成深紫色。可知达西娅在实验中发现甜菜可以帮助她完成这项发明。故选D。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The gal f my prject is t reduce the number f deadly surgical site infectins in develping cuntries because develping cuntries suffer frm the mst number f deaths due t surgical site infectins.”我这个项目的目标是减少发展中国家致命手术部位感染的数量，因为发展中国家因手术部位感染而死亡的人数最多；以及“They shuld have the resurces t save their citizens in their cuntry.’ S, my gal is t wrk n that and make sure that it can actually discver thse types f infectins and stuff.”他们应该有资源来拯救自己国家的公民。所以，我的目标是研究它，确保它可以发现这些类型的感染和东西。可知达西娅为外科感染识别做出了贡献。故选C。
4.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“After graduatin, Dasia hpes t attend Hward University, study plitical science and finally becme a lawyer.”毕业后，Dasia希望进入霍华德大学学习政治学，最终成为一名律师。可知达西娅未来的职业生涯可能会涉及法律援助。故选C。
C【答案】 CCAB
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究表明不是所有的素食都是健康的。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A recent research has shwn that wmen tend t eat mre plant-based fds and less animal-based prducts than men. But ur study suggests this des nt ensure healthier fd chices and in turn better health cnditin.”最近的一项研究表明，与男性相比，女性倾向于吃更多的植物性食品，而更少的动物性产品。但我们的硏究表明，这并不能确保人们选择更健康的食物，从而获得更好的健康状况。可知，并不是所有的植物性食物都能让你保持健康。故选C。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Within ten years, nearly half f these fat participants develped high bld pressure and high bld sugar, thugh mst f them preferred plant-based fds.”在10年内，这些肥胖参与者中有近一半患上了高血压和高血糖，尽管他们中的大多数人更喜欢植物性食物。可知，这项研究的参与者其中大约一半的人选择了更健康的食物。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Regarding the quality f plant-based fds, healthier chices were linked with keeping nrmal bld pressure and bld sugar.”关于植物性食品的质量，健康的选择与保持正常的血压和血糖有关。可知，吃高质量的植物性食物可以帮助保持健康。故选A。
4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Vegetarian fds are nt equally healthy, accrding t a new research at ESC Cngress2020.”根据ESC 2020大会上的一项新研究，素食并不同样健康。及全文内容可知，研究表明，不是所有的素食都是健康的。“所有的素食都是健康的吗？”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
V
【答案】 G；B；A；D；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
VI 【答案】 71.A；72.B；73.D；74.D；75.C；76.D；77.C；78.B；79.A；80.D；81.D；82.C；83.A；84.B；85.C；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了废弃的追踪项圈可用于追踪冰层移动，并对未来的NSIDC模型可能产生一定的影响。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
71.句意：事实上，这些巨大的项圈是故意松松的。A： In fact“事实上”；B： In a way“在某种程度上”；C：In additin“另外”；D： In the end“最后”。根据下文“these huge cllars are purpsefully lse．”可知，这些巨大的项圈是故意松松的。这是个事实。故选A。
72.句意：如果项圈变得烦人，熊可以把它移除。A：destry“破坏”；B：remve“移除”；C：resist“抵抗”；D：reject “拒绝”。根据上文“ 1 , these huge cllars are purpsefully lse．”可知，追踪项圈的设计很容易被拿下来。故选B。
73.句意：但科学家们现在已经找到了一种利用废弃设备发出的信号的方法。A：scratches“抓痕”；B：senses“感官”；C：samples“样本”；D：signals “信号”。根据上文“Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking cllar n a wild plar bear des nt mean the animal will bligingly keep it n．”可知，项圈是可以发送信号的。故选D。
74.句意：“这些掉下来的项圈可能会被认为是垃圾数据，”University f Alberta的北极熊研究员Natasha Klappstein说。A：particularly“特别”；B：relevantly“有关联地”；C：intentinally“有意地”；D：ptentially “可能地”。根据上文“But scientists have nw fund a way t use 3 frm the discarded（丢弃的）devices．”可推测，这些掉下来的项圈可能会被认为是垃圾数据。故选D。
75.句意：她和她的同事们转而使用这些项圈的测量数据，这些项圈被留在加拿大哈德逊湾的海冰上，用来追踪冰。A：estimates“估价”；B：subjects“科目”；C：measurements“测量”；D：patents “专利”。根据下文“Fr their study, published in June in The Crysphere, the researchers identified twenty cllars that transmitted mvement data in line with ice drift rather than plar bear 6 between 2005 and 2015．”可知，实验组通过项圈的测量，发现冰层的漂移状况。所以她和她的同事们转而使用这些项圈的测量数据。故选C。
76.句意：在6月发表在《冰冻圈》(The Crysphere)杂志上的研究中，研究人员发现了20个项圈，它们在2005年至2015年间传输的运动数据与冰层漂移一致，而不是与北极熊运动一致。A：behavir“行为”；B：habitat“栖息地”；C：manner“举止”；D：mtin “运动”。根据空前“transmitted mvement data”可知，它们在2005年至2015年间传输的运动数据与冰层漂移一致，而不是与北极熊运动一致。故选D。
77.句意：没有可使用的地面传感器，卫星观测往往不能准确捕捉小冰原的运动。A：flexible“灵活的”；B：favrable“喜爱的”；C：accessible“可使用的”；D：changeable “易变的”。根据空后“satellite bservatins ften cannt accurately capture the mtin f small ice sheets”可知，卫星不能准确捕捉冰原运动与没有易得到的地面传感器有关。故选C。
78.句意：研究小组将废弃项圈的运动与美国冰雪数据中心(NSIDC)广泛使用的冰层漂移建模数据进行了比较。A：verladed“使超载”；B：cmpared“比较”；C：exchanged“交换”；D：traced “追踪”。根据下文“Cllar data indicated that the NSIDC mdel underestimates the speed at which ice mves arund in Hudsn Bay-as well as the verall 9 f drift．”可知，研究小组将NSIDC模型于废弃项圈运动进行了比较。故选B。
79.句意：项圈数据表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰的移动速度以及漂流的总体范围。A：extent“范围”；B：damage“损害”；C：trend“趋势”；D：limit “限制”。根据下文“Over the curse f several mnths, the mdel culd drift away frm an ice sheet's lcatin by a few hundred kilmeters, the researchers say．”可知，哈德逊湾冰漂流的范围很广，所以NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰的移动速度以及漂流的总体范围。故选A。
80.句意：这意味着北极熊在向冰面移动时可能比科学家们想象的更努力：“由于我们低估了漂移的速度，我们很可能低估了北极熊的能量，”娜塔莎•克拉普斯坦说。A：agreed“同意”；B：prmised“保证”；C：prved“证明”；D：assumed “设想”。根据空后“we're likely underestimating the energetic effrt f plar bears”可知，这意味着北极熊在向冰面移动时可能比科学家们想象的更努力。故选D。
81.句意：这项研究及时揭示了冰的移动速度。A：valueless“无价值的”；B：superir“上层的”；C：entire“全部的”；D：timely “及时的”。根据下文“any time we can find a data 13 , it is a gd thing．”可知，这项研究及时揭示了冰的移动速度。故选D。
82.句意：随着未来几年融化的增加，这样的冰可能会在更北的北极中部变得更加常见。A：evident“明白的”；B：unique“独特的”；C：cmmn“常见的”；D：realistic “现实的”。根据上文“The resulting recrds f hw melting ice typically drifts in Hudsn Bay are unique．”可知，废弃项圈的数据是针对融化冰的运动，未来融化冰增多有类似数据的冰漂移也更常见。故选C。
83.句意：科学家们知道NSIDC的数据可能会低估漂移速度，但“任何时候我们都可以发现数据缺口，这是一件好事。”A：gap“缺口”；B：scan“扫描”；C：bm“繁荣”；D：fit “适合”。根据上文“Cllar data indicated that the NSIDC mdel underestimates the speed at which ice mves arund in Hudsn Bay-as well as the verall 9 f drift．”可知，科学家们发现了NSIDC模型与实际的数据差距，发现了数据的缺口。故选A。
84.句意：此外，这些数据可以改善对石油泄漏或其他污染物如何在海洋中扩散的预测。A：rise“上升”；B：spread“扩散”；C：recver“恢复”；D：settle “解决”。根据空前“hw il spills”可知，这些数据可以改善对于污染物在海洋中的扩散情况。故选B。
85.句意：这些发现甚至可能影响未来的NSIDC模型:“这是一个非常好的数据集，”迈耶说。“而且我们肯定会考虑的。”A：reverse“逆转”；B：resemble“像”；C：influence“影响”；D：mtivate“激发兴趣”。根据下文“And certainly ne we'll take under cnsideratin．”可推测，废弃项圈的数据对NSIDC可能会产生影响。故选C。
VII
【答案】 healthier；studies；leads；cmpared；between；why；which；was examined；prfundly；what
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，暴露在垃圾食品的气味中至少两分钟可以降低购买垃圾食品的欲望。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，名词，时态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，介词，表语从句，定语从句，语态，副词，宾语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
111.句意：新的研究表明，暴露在垃圾食品的气味中至少两分钟，实际上可以帮你选择更健康的食物。结合语境可知，此处暗含比较之意，应用形容词比较级，故填healthier。
112.句意：一系列实验的结果，包括在一家超市和一所中学的餐厅进行的实地研究表明与健康气味相比，长期暴露在垃圾食品气味中会导致较少的不健康食品购买量。study“研究”是可数名词，根据“at a supermarket and at a middle schl cafeteria”可知，此处不止一个研究，应用复数形式。故填studies。
113.句意：一系列实验的结果，包括在一家超市和一所中学的餐厅进行的实地研究表明与健康气味相比，长期暴露在垃圾食品气味中会导致较少的不健康食品购买量。空处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，结合主句谓语动词shw可知，从句也用一般现在时，从句主语expsure是不可数名词，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填leads。
114.句意：一系列实验的结果，包括在一家超市和一所中学的餐厅进行的实地研究表明与健康气味相比，长期暴露在垃圾食品气味中会导致较少的不健康食品购买量。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式，动词cmpare与逻辑主语expsure t junk fd smell之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填cmpared。
115.句意：大脑不一定能区分令人愉悦的气味和味道。结合“a pleasurable smell and taste”可知，此处指区分两者，between…and…，固定短语，“在之间”，故填between。
116.句意：这就是为什么长时间暴露在垃圾食品的气味中就像它实际上在你的嘴里一样令人满意，这反过来降低垃圾食品的消费欲望。空处引导一个表语从句，从句结构完整，结合句意可知，此处指“为什么”，应用连接副词why。故填why。
117.句意：这就是为什么长时间暴露在垃圾食品的气味中就像它实际上在你的嘴里一样令人满意，这反过来降低垃圾食品的消费欲望。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故填which。
118.句意：当检测暴露在健康食品中的气味时，食物选择没有受到很大影响。主语expsure和谓语动词examine之间是被动关系，且由主句中were可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，从句主语expsure是不可数名词，故填was examined。
119.句意：当检测暴露在健康食品中的气味时，食物选择没有受到很大影响。此处修饰动词influenced，应用副词形式。故填prfundly。
120.句意：其原因是，健康的食物与我们大脑中的奖赏没有联系，因此对我们渴望的东西几乎没有影响。空处引导一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指“我们渴望的东西”，应用what引导。故填what。