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新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1千变万化的动词第2讲非谓语动词课件
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这是一份新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1千变万化的动词第2讲非谓语动词课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了第二讲 非谓语动词，考点分层演练，考点分类指导，Producing，Knowing ，fishing ，annoying ，amazing ，playing ，taking 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
非谓语动词概述1．什么是非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。2．非谓语动词在句子中的作用一个句子中已存在一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。She gt ff the bus，but she left her handbag n the seat.(有并列连词，所以用谓语动词)She gt ff the bus，leaving her handbag n the seat.(没有连词，所以用非谓语动词)3．非谓语动词的种类：动词的-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。
Reading① is ne f Xia Meng's hbbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming f becming② a writer.Last mnth，she read a bk describing③ lve between a bss and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whse gift is slving⑤ difficult prblems in her dreams.Her clleagues ften fund her slving⑥ prblems while sleeping⑦ sundly.The bk is very interesting⑤.Xia Meng really enjys reading② the nvel and imagines slving② difficult prblems in her wn dreams.
一 动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分①作主语 ②作宾语③作后置定语④作前置定语⑤作表语⑥作宾补⑦作状语
一、动词-ing的形式
二、核心考点1．动词-ing形式作主语(ding/being dne作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。Playing cellphne games is his favurite.玩手机游戏是他的最爱。Dancing and skating are my hbbies，and I als like t read shrt stries.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (f...)/n use/n gd ding sth.结构中。It is n use trying t persuade such a stubbrn persn.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。It is n pleasure being blamed in the face f ther students.当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语(ding/being dne作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语。I help Mum ut by ding the husewrk that I can d.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。The by cried ludly fr nt being allwed t enter the amusement park.这孩子因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。
注意：以下短语中t 都是介词be used t习惯于bject t 反对devte neself t致力于stick t坚持pay attentin t注意lk frward t期盼adapt t适应adjust t(使)适应于归功于be addicted t...对……上瘾
(2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(ding)作宾语的动词有：mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mentin(提到)，enjy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，pstpne(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tlerate)(忍受)，cnsider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allw(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recmmend(建议)，finish(完成)，frbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)
The thief kept running t avid/escape being caught by the plice.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。Little Tm is cnsidering quitting practising playing the vilin，because his neighbr can't tlerate listening t the nise every day.The ther day，she prmised t give Tm ten dllars a week if he gave up ding it.Tm imagines having lts f mney and can't resist taking her advice.小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应每周给汤姆10美元如果他放弃练琴的话。 汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。
3．动词-ing形式作表语(1)ding作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时ding 名词意义较强，ding/being dne作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)My hbby is reading bks.我的兴趣爱好是读书。What made me happy was being admitted t Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，bring，cnfusing，disappinting，exciting，frightening 等等。The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)____________ (prduce) fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it.②(2022·全国甲卷)__________ (knw) sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family—n matter where yu are in the wrld. ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband stpped __________ (fish) t start the mtr.
④(2022·全国甲卷) The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid ___________ (anny) yur cmpanins.⑤(2022·全国甲卷) Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was ________ (amaze)．⑥(2022·全国乙卷) Yung children acrss the glbe enjy __________ (play) games f hide and seek.
4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用ding；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being dne)(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，一般放在被修饰词之前。falling leaves正在落下的树叶 a sleeping child睡着的孩子(动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能)a swimming pl游泳池 a reading rm阅览室(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩the bridge being built nw现在在建的大桥
5．动词-ing形式作状语(1)ding与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。Walking in the street，I came acrss an ld friend.走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。(2)being dne与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。Being prtected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到相当安全。
(3)having dne与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Having waited in line fr tw hurs，the ld man became impatient.已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。(4)having been dne与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Having been tld many times，the by still made the same mistake again and again.已经被告知很多次，这个小男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。
6．动词-ing形式作宾补现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋ding...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen t/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/lk at/bserve/ntice)When I left schl，I saw them playing basketball n the playgrund.当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。I am srry fr keeping yu waiting me fr such a lng time.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。The headmaster was angry t catch sme students smking again.又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Amng thse _________ (take) part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier.②(2022·全国甲卷) I spent the whle mrning ____________ (shuttle) back and frth acrss the harbr.③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure, _________(make) it easier t prduce such sunds.
④(2022·全国乙卷) Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children __________ (weep) frm the cld.⑤(2022·全国乙卷) They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, __________ (leave) the rest f their bdies expsed.⑥(2022·全国甲卷) St David's Hall is the award winning Natinal Cncert Hall f Wales ___________ (stand) at the very heart f Cardif 's entertainment centre.
Drpped① n the grund，the cellphne's screen was brken; seen① in the distance，it still lked OK. But it didn't wrk. Xia Ming had t get it repaired②.Hwever，t repair such a brken③ cellphne needed a lt f mney.Xia Ming was really wrried④.
动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分①作状语 ②作宾补③作定语④作表语
1．过去分词作定语当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用dne。单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后。the plluted water被污染的水a brken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯the bridge cmpleted last mnth上周竣工的大桥the flwers planted last year 去年种的花
2．过去分词作状语其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Praised by the teacher，he lked very excited.受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很激动。Seen frm the tp f the muntain，ur city lks beautiful.从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。
3．过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，构成vt.＋sb./sth.＋dne结构。可以用于此结构的动词有：(1)感官动词 see，watch，hear，feel，find，ntice等；(2)使役动词 have，make，keep，leave，get等；(3)表示“想、希望、好恶”的单词，如want，wish，wuld like等。I hear the sng sung every time I pass by the cffee shp.每当我经过这家咖啡屋，我都能听到有人唱这首歌。
She had t raise her vice t make herself heard.她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。The ld man wanted his ld watch repaired.这个老人想要找人修他的旧手表。4．过去分词作表语如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，往往人作主语。如：amazed，bred，cnfused，disappinted，excited，frightened 等等。 I felt really surprised when she tld me the exciting news.当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) All the assignments will be submitted by the ___________ (assign) date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.②(2022·全国甲卷) I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman ________ (name) Anthny.③(2022·全国甲卷) ___________ (inspire) by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin _______ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
④(2022·全国乙卷)___________ (select) frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years. ⑤(2022·全国乙卷) The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel ____________ (abandn)．⑥When we saw the rad __________ (blck) with snw，we decided t spend the hliday at hme.
⑦He was sleeping when he heard his name __________(shut) frm the utside.⑧With her attentin ________(fix) n the bk, the girl sat there quietly.
Xia Ming wants t play① cellphne games every day and his dream is t play② vide games fr three days and nights cntinuusly.But he has s much hmewrk t d③.In rder t have④ a chance t play③ cellphne games，Xia Ming decides t study① hard t get④a high scre.He really hpes that his father will allw him t play⑤ cellphne games every day.T btain⑥ such a chance is nt easy.
动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分①作宾语②作表语③作定语④作状语⑤作宾补⑥作主语
难点精析 一、不定式的形式
二、核心考点1．不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。T enter a gd university fr further study is my gal nw.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。(2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋fr/f sb.)＋t d sth.”结构中。It's rude t turn yur back t yur teacher and refuse t answer.背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。It's necessary fr us t help thse in need.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
2．不定式作宾语(1)不定式可在intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，wuld like/lve/prefer(想要，喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，persuade(说服)，refuse(拒绝)，seem/appear(好像)，prmise(答应)，attempt(企图)，chse(选择)，learn(学习)，fail(失败)，affrd(付得起)等后作宾语。The teacher decided t pretend t have knwn what the bys had dne.He chse nt t ask the bys but expected t be tld everything.老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些动词如find，think，cnsider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式后置。He feels/thinks it imprtant t learn English well，but finds it difficult t remember the wrds.他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。
3．不定式作表语不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，gal，aim，purpse，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。My dream is t becme a dctr after my graduatin frm university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。The aim f the talent shw is t enrich students' extra-curricular activities.这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。
4．不定式作定语(1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the nly，the next等修饰时，常常用t d 作定语。Jhn is always the first ne t cme up with a gd idea.约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.t d和 there be sth.t d中。Students cmplain that they have endless hmewrk t d every day.学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。(3)修饰某些名词，如chance，pprtunity，way，ability，plan 等。I feel greatly hnred t have the chance t deliver a speech here.有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
5．不定式作状语(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in rder t d，s as t d，t d等，但s as t d不能置于句首。I gt up early s as t/in rder t/t catch the early bus in the mrning.我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
(2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于 d，enugh t d， t d结构中。nly/just t d常表示出乎意料的结果。I asked Mum t put up the tent excitedly，nly t be tld the tent had been left behind.我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知忘带帐篷了。Every time I prepare fr an imprtant examinatin，I will be t anxius t fall asleep.每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。
(3)在be happy/glad/srry/sad/surprised t d sth.结构中作原因状语。I am extremely glad t knw that yu are cming t China fr a visit during the summer hliday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来拜访中国。
6．不定式作宾补(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，frce，expect，allw，persuade，rder，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，frbid，advise，teach等。I am writing t invite yu t cme t my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen t)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，ntice，bserve，watch，lk at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加t。I ften hear the girl sing the sng which is ppular recently.＝The girl is ften heard t sing the sng which is ppular recently.我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Students will wrk in grups ______________ (cmplete) fur assignments during the curse.②(2022·全国乙卷)It is easy _________ (have) a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media.③(2022·全国甲卷)A friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered ________ (be) his cmpanin during the trip.
④(2022·全国甲卷)This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyne else have the pprtunity ________ (d) creative things.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP's main gal is _____________ (imprve) cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas.⑥(2022·全国甲卷) Peple in France expect yu _________(eat) with a utensil in each hand.
⑦The airprt _______________(cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.⑧The wrkers seem ______________________(cmprmise) with the bss，because they are prepared t return t wrk.
t be cmpleted
t have cmprmised
1．非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。(误)Fund him angry，I began t tell jkes.(正)Finding him angry，I began t tell jkes.发现他生气了，我开始讲笑话。(误)Lking arund，there was n ne nearby.(正)Lking arund，I fund there was n ne nearby.环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。
2．若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语，即“逻辑主语(名词/(主格人称)代词)＋非谓语动词”，构成独立主格结构。具体形式如下：(1)名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可有语态和时态的变化。Winter cming，it gets clder and clder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与名词/代词为动宾关系，且过去分词表示动作已完成。The test finished，we began ur hliday.考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。(3)名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示将来的动作，有语态的变化。The tw bys said gdbye t each ther，ne t g hme，the ther t g t his friend's.两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。
(4)有些分词/不定式短语作状语时，尽管它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但也不作为语法错误来处理。①常见的这类分词短语有generally/frankly/rughly/strictly speaking，talking f，speaking f，judging frm/by，cmpared with/t...，given that...等。Generally speaking，girls are mre interested in literature than bys.一般来说，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。②常见的这类不定式短语有t be frank，t be sure，t tell (yu) the truth，t be hnest，t make matters wrse等。T tell yu the truth，it's all Greek t me.说实话，我对此一窍不通。
3．with复合结构(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。He lay n the grass with his eyes lking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。With his hair cut，he lked much yunger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生。With a lt f hmewrk t d，I can't g skating with yu.因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
4．下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
5．非谓语动词作宾语补足语的辨析(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，bserve，lk at，ntice，hear，listen t，feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，以see为例：
I saw him leave a few minutes ag.我看见他几分钟前离开了。As I gt clser，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。I'd like t see the plan carried ut.我想看到这个计划被执行。注意：“感官动词＋宾语＋省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加上t。The thief was bserved t enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况The teacher made sme students stay in the classrm after schl.老师让一些学生放学后留在教室里。He tried t make himself understd.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
Dn't let yur child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。Let the wrk be dne immediately.工作要马上去做。
He had the fire burning all the night.他让火燃烧了一夜。He had his wallet stlen n his way hme.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
She gt her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。I'll get/have my bike repaired tmrrw.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
(3)动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作宾补的情况
1．分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。2．找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系(1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。3．判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序(1)t have dne，having dne表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。(2)t be ding，ding表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
层级一 基础达标练单句语法填空1．Smetimes we find her __________(drive) the tractr n the farm.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查find＋sb.＋宾补，宾语her 与drive 为主谓关系。故填driving。2．Li Lei is asking his deskmate __________(help) him think f a freign name.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查t d 作宾补。ask sb.t d sth.请求某人做某事。 故填t help。
3．—Hi，Li Hng！I didn't see yu at the party.—Oh，I was busy __________(get) ready fr the cming exams.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定搭配 be busy ding sth.。故填getting。4．The ld men enjy ____________(listen) t the singing f the birds in the park.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作宾语。enjy之后跟ding作宾语。故填listening。
5．The girl ___________(stand) under the tree is my cusin Kate.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作定语。the girl 和stand之间为主谓关系。故填standing。6．Bks __________(write) in easy English are very ppular amng Chinese middle schl students.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作后置定语。bks和write之间是被动关系。故填written。
7．I fund the dr _________(clse) when I gt hme.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语the dr 和clse之间是被动关系。故填clsed。8．When they met again，they were t excited _________(say) a wrd.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为t＋adj.＋t d固定结构，其中t d表示结果。故填t say。9．I'm hungry.Get me smething _________(eat)．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查t d作定语。故填t eat。
10．—Hw lng did it take yu ______(d) yur hmewrk yesterday?—Abut half an hur.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处it为形式主语，结构为it takes sb.＋sme time＋t d sth.。故填t d。11．If the prey(猎物) is large，the tiger will bite its thrat __________ (kill) it.解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语部分是will bite，而t kill在句中作目的状语。故填t kill。
12．__________ (make) a kid understand the difference between magic and reality，yu need t shw him the science behind it.解析：考查非谓语动词。本空要用所给动词的不定式形式在句中作目的状语。故填T make。 13．Every piece f plastic__________ (create) will remain in the envirnment in sme frm, but...解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但……。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语plastic构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
14．It seems that peple in western cuntries are becming increasingly __________(wrry) abut the side effects f drugs，...解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用……。此处是指人们担心药物的副作用，应用过去分词wrried表示“担心的”在句中作表语。故填wrried。15．Yueyang Twer became famus fr Memrial t Yueyang Twer(《岳阳楼记》)__________(write) by Fan Zhngyan.解析：考查非谓语动词。所填词在此处作后置定语，修饰Memrial t Yueyang Twer，且与之为动宾关系，故用过去分词written。故填written。
16．Living with a family makes the language familiar，literally ______ (bring) it hme t yu. 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作状语，逻辑主语living with a family与其之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填bringing。17．T really appreciate and understand anther language，yu need ________________(understand) its culture and philsphy.解析：考查非谓语动词。need t d sth.需要做某事。故填t understand。
t understand
18． if yu cnveniently thrw it ut, wind and run-ff carry the waste dwn the sewer(污水管) and directly t the cean, ____________ (affect) the marine life including the fish...解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：……但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类……。分析句子结构可知affect在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文句子构成主动关系，因此应用现在分词作状语。故填affecting。
19．Hearing the telephne ring, she rushed ut f the kitchen and left the water __________(bil)．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：听到电话铃响，她冲出厨房，让水开着。leave ＋宾语＋ding sth.“使……处于某种状态”，此处是现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在进行。故填biling。20．Mrever，fully cnsider each ptin. It can be easy _________ (let) a particular schl becme a frnt-runner early n during yur decisin-making prcess.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为“It＋be＋adj.＋t d sth.”句型，句中It作形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语。故填t let。
层级二 高考真题练单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)___________ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cver和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Cvering。
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ______________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，作目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填t increase。
3．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the __________ (fall) child.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的held ut为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up _________ (see) them.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climbed up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。)，故应该使用t d不定式作目的状语。故填t see。
5．(2022·浙江卷1月)That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans ______________(cntinue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding, ” she says, “a really psitive change.”解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan t d sth.计划做某事。故填t cntinue。
t cntinue
6．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure that ffers a place where yu can sit dwn __________(rest) yur aching legs.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并提供了一个地方，你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。根据句意和句子结构此处应填t rest来作目的状语。故填t rest。
7．(2021·全国)After ___________(spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在一段历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
8．(2021·全国乙卷)It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ___________ (educate) abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics...解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色……。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填educated。
9．(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim __________ (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim t d译为“旨在，目的是”。故填t have。
10．(2021·新高考I卷)But that's hw nature is—always leaving us _____________ (astnish)．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astnished。
11．(2021·浙江1月高考)In 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries __________(study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是cuntries，两者存在被动关系，要用studied作定语。故填studied。
12．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth _________(cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.解析：考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词the earth与cme back t之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填cming。13．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy __________(care) fr and make great presents.解析：考查非谓语动词。这里考查“be＋形容词＋t d”结构。故填t care。
14．(2021·3月天津改编)—Hw's the prject ging?—S far s gd. All we have t d is _________(finish) the last bit f wrk.解析：考查非谓语动词。不定式作表语，前面的主语有d，后面表语t d的t省略。故填finish。
15．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As well as lking at exhibits，visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r __________(walk) thrugh a rainfrest.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处与living是并列成分，共同作imagine的宾语，imagine sb.ding sth.想象某人做某事。因此sb. ding sth.为imagine后动名词的复合结构。故填walking。
16．(2020·浙江卷)Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy ____________(change) lives.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，简单句中已有动词gave，设空处需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语，修饰technlgy。故填t change。
17．(2020·天津，5月)____________(cmplete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1954，inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.解析：考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词cmplete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Cmpleted。
18．(2020·天津，5月)The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin _____________(prmte) ecnmic grwth.解析：考查非谓语动词。通过分析句子可知，句中存在谓语desn't have t sacrifice，空处需使用非谓语动词且表示目的，因此使用动词不定式形式。故填t prmte。19．(2019·天津卷)___________(learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子缺少主语成分，故用动名词作主语。故填Learning。
20.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s，and are expensive _________ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.解析：考查非谓语动词。本句含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填t perfrm。
层级三 语篇提能练语法填空非谓语动词篇Passage 1China has becme the first cuntry _____________(land) a spacecraft n the far side f the mn.The unmanned Chang'e-4 prbe(探测器)—the name ____________________(inspire) by an ancient Chinese mn gddess—tuched dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. _____________ (land) n the mn's far side is extremely __________________(challenge)．
2.was inspired
4.challenging
Because the mn's bdy _____________(blck) direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe，China first ___________(have) t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(环形山)，mre s than the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hpe _______________(use) the instruments nbard Chang'e-4 ______________(find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it means we have the chance __________________(btain) infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.” Data abut the mn's cmpsitin，such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains，culd help China decide whether its plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base _____________(be) practical.
语篇导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家。
解析：1．考查非谓语动词。当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，用t d 作定语。故填t land。2．考查动词的时态和语态。根据题意，该探测器的名字是受了月神嫦娥的启发，表被动，而且被启发是过去的事情。故填was inspired。3．考查非谓语动词。根据题意，此处在句中作主语，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Landing。4．考查非谓语动词。根据题意，此处应该是“极具挑战性的”，作表语，主语为动名词短语。故填challenging。
5．考查动词的时态。because引导原因状语从句，从句中要有谓语，而且 the mn's bdy 是单数，此处又为客观事实，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。故填blcks。6．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据题意“中国发射嫦娥四号”是过去的事情，而且后面的从句也是使用的culd send作谓语。故填had。7．考查非谓语动词。hpe后跟不定式作宾语。故填t use。8．考查非谓语动词。根据题意，研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备去发现和研究月球南极的艾肯盆地。此处为use sth. t d结构，其中t d表示目的状语。故填t find。
9．考查非谓语动词。当被修饰词是chance，pprtunity，way，ability等抽象名词时，其后常跟t d作定语。故填t btain。10．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 根据题意，此处在whether 引导的宾语从句中作谓语，且主语its plans 是复数形式，此处时态应为一般现在时。故填are。
Passage 2Petry is never far away frm ur daily life. Many f us grew up _______________(recite) classic pems, learning ________________(enjy) this beautiful art frm that is able t use just a few lines ________________ (cnvey) such rich meanings.The Bk f Sngs，______________ (date) back t the Western Zhu Dynasty, has a lnger histry than the Hmeric epics. Even tday, classic pems are appreciated by a lt f peple._________________(recgnize) the unique ability f petry and capture its creative spirit, Wrld Petry Day is held by the United Natins n March 21 each year ________________(supprt) linguistic diversity thrugh petic expressin.
5.T recgnize
Chinese Petry Cnference _______________ (feature) classic petry is extremely ppular. The cmpetitin saw ver 100 participants ____________ (take) part in a number f challenges. The participants, whse ages ranged frm 7 t 70, included students, farmers, teachers and freign cmpetitrs with an interest in Chinese literature.And even TV series invlving petry are very successful. Fr example，in Empresses in the Palace (甄嬛传), ne f the drama's mst _____________ (mve)sngs was adapted frm a pem ________________ (write) by Wen Tingyun f the Tang Dynasty.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。简单介绍了中国古典诗歌和现在的《中国诗词大会》。
7.featuring
解析：1．考查非谓语动词。句子主语Many f us和recite在逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填reciting。2．考查非谓语动词。learn t d sth.表示“学会做某事”。故填t enjy。3．考查非谓语动词。能够用几行诗句表达如此丰富的意思。use sth. t d sth.用某物做某事。故填t cnvey。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：起源于西周时期的《诗经》的历史要比《荷马史诗》更悠久。根据语境，以及date back t没被动形式，此处用现在分词作定语。故填dating。5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了认识到诗歌的独特能力……。根据句意，应填不定式作目的状语。故填T recgnize。6．考查非谓语动词。根据语境应用不定式t supprt作目的状语，意为“为了支持……”。故填t supprt。
非谓语动词概述1．什么是非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。2．非谓语动词在句子中的作用一个句子中已存在一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。She gt ff the bus，but she left her handbag n the seat.(有并列连词，所以用谓语动词)She gt ff the bus，leaving her handbag n the seat.(没有连词，所以用非谓语动词)3．非谓语动词的种类：动词的-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。
Reading① is ne f Xia Meng's hbbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming f becming② a writer.Last mnth，she read a bk describing③ lve between a bss and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whse gift is slving⑤ difficult prblems in her dreams.Her clleagues ften fund her slving⑥ prblems while sleeping⑦ sundly.The bk is very interesting⑤.Xia Meng really enjys reading② the nvel and imagines slving② difficult prblems in her wn dreams.
一 动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分①作主语 ②作宾语③作后置定语④作前置定语⑤作表语⑥作宾补⑦作状语
一、动词-ing的形式
二、核心考点1．动词-ing形式作主语(ding/being dne作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。Playing cellphne games is his favurite.玩手机游戏是他的最爱。Dancing and skating are my hbbies，and I als like t read shrt stries.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (f...)/n use/n gd ding sth.结构中。It is n use trying t persuade such a stubbrn persn.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。It is n pleasure being blamed in the face f ther students.当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语(ding/being dne作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语。I help Mum ut by ding the husewrk that I can d.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。The by cried ludly fr nt being allwed t enter the amusement park.这孩子因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。
注意：以下短语中t 都是介词be used t习惯于bject t 反对devte neself t致力于stick t坚持pay attentin t注意lk frward t期盼adapt t适应adjust t(使)适应于归功于be addicted t...对……上瘾
(2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(ding)作宾语的动词有：mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mentin(提到)，enjy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，pstpne(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tlerate)(忍受)，cnsider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allw(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recmmend(建议)，finish(完成)，frbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)
The thief kept running t avid/escape being caught by the plice.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。Little Tm is cnsidering quitting practising playing the vilin，because his neighbr can't tlerate listening t the nise every day.The ther day，she prmised t give Tm ten dllars a week if he gave up ding it.Tm imagines having lts f mney and can't resist taking her advice.小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应每周给汤姆10美元如果他放弃练琴的话。 汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。
3．动词-ing形式作表语(1)ding作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时ding 名词意义较强，ding/being dne作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)My hbby is reading bks.我的兴趣爱好是读书。What made me happy was being admitted t Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，bring，cnfusing，disappinting，exciting，frightening 等等。The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)____________ (prduce) fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it.②(2022·全国甲卷)__________ (knw) sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family—n matter where yu are in the wrld. ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband stpped __________ (fish) t start the mtr.
④(2022·全国甲卷) The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid ___________ (anny) yur cmpanins.⑤(2022·全国甲卷) Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was ________ (amaze)．⑥(2022·全国乙卷) Yung children acrss the glbe enjy __________ (play) games f hide and seek.
4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用ding；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being dne)(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，一般放在被修饰词之前。falling leaves正在落下的树叶 a sleeping child睡着的孩子(动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能)a swimming pl游泳池 a reading rm阅览室(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩the bridge being built nw现在在建的大桥
5．动词-ing形式作状语(1)ding与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。Walking in the street，I came acrss an ld friend.走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。(2)being dne与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。Being prtected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到相当安全。
(3)having dne与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Having waited in line fr tw hurs，the ld man became impatient.已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。(4)having been dne与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Having been tld many times，the by still made the same mistake again and again.已经被告知很多次，这个小男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。
6．动词-ing形式作宾补现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋ding...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen t/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/lk at/bserve/ntice)When I left schl，I saw them playing basketball n the playgrund.当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。I am srry fr keeping yu waiting me fr such a lng time.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。The headmaster was angry t catch sme students smking again.又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Amng thse _________ (take) part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier.②(2022·全国甲卷) I spent the whle mrning ____________ (shuttle) back and frth acrss the harbr.③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure, _________(make) it easier t prduce such sunds.
④(2022·全国乙卷) Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children __________ (weep) frm the cld.⑤(2022·全国乙卷) They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, __________ (leave) the rest f their bdies expsed.⑥(2022·全国甲卷) St David's Hall is the award winning Natinal Cncert Hall f Wales ___________ (stand) at the very heart f Cardif 's entertainment centre.
Drpped① n the grund，the cellphne's screen was brken; seen① in the distance，it still lked OK. But it didn't wrk. Xia Ming had t get it repaired②.Hwever，t repair such a brken③ cellphne needed a lt f mney.Xia Ming was really wrried④.
动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分①作状语 ②作宾补③作定语④作表语
1．过去分词作定语当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用dne。单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后。the plluted water被污染的水a brken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯the bridge cmpleted last mnth上周竣工的大桥the flwers planted last year 去年种的花
2．过去分词作状语其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Praised by the teacher，he lked very excited.受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很激动。Seen frm the tp f the muntain，ur city lks beautiful.从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。
3．过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，构成vt.＋sb./sth.＋dne结构。可以用于此结构的动词有：(1)感官动词 see，watch，hear，feel，find，ntice等；(2)使役动词 have，make，keep，leave，get等；(3)表示“想、希望、好恶”的单词，如want，wish，wuld like等。I hear the sng sung every time I pass by the cffee shp.每当我经过这家咖啡屋，我都能听到有人唱这首歌。
She had t raise her vice t make herself heard.她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。The ld man wanted his ld watch repaired.这个老人想要找人修他的旧手表。4．过去分词作表语如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，往往人作主语。如：amazed，bred，cnfused，disappinted，excited，frightened 等等。 I felt really surprised when she tld me the exciting news.当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) All the assignments will be submitted by the ___________ (assign) date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.②(2022·全国甲卷) I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman ________ (name) Anthny.③(2022·全国甲卷) ___________ (inspire) by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin _______ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
④(2022·全国乙卷)___________ (select) frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years. ⑤(2022·全国乙卷) The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel ____________ (abandn)．⑥When we saw the rad __________ (blck) with snw，we decided t spend the hliday at hme.
⑦He was sleeping when he heard his name __________(shut) frm the utside.⑧With her attentin ________(fix) n the bk, the girl sat there quietly.
Xia Ming wants t play① cellphne games every day and his dream is t play② vide games fr three days and nights cntinuusly.But he has s much hmewrk t d③.In rder t have④ a chance t play③ cellphne games，Xia Ming decides t study① hard t get④a high scre.He really hpes that his father will allw him t play⑤ cellphne games every day.T btain⑥ such a chance is nt easy.
动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分①作宾语②作表语③作定语④作状语⑤作宾补⑥作主语
难点精析 一、不定式的形式
二、核心考点1．不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。T enter a gd university fr further study is my gal nw.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。(2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋fr/f sb.)＋t d sth.”结构中。It's rude t turn yur back t yur teacher and refuse t answer.背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。It's necessary fr us t help thse in need.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
2．不定式作宾语(1)不定式可在intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，wuld like/lve/prefer(想要，喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，persuade(说服)，refuse(拒绝)，seem/appear(好像)，prmise(答应)，attempt(企图)，chse(选择)，learn(学习)，fail(失败)，affrd(付得起)等后作宾语。The teacher decided t pretend t have knwn what the bys had dne.He chse nt t ask the bys but expected t be tld everything.老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些动词如find，think，cnsider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式后置。He feels/thinks it imprtant t learn English well，but finds it difficult t remember the wrds.他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。
3．不定式作表语不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，gal，aim，purpse，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。My dream is t becme a dctr after my graduatin frm university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。The aim f the talent shw is t enrich students' extra-curricular activities.这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。
4．不定式作定语(1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the nly，the next等修饰时，常常用t d 作定语。Jhn is always the first ne t cme up with a gd idea.约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.t d和 there be sth.t d中。Students cmplain that they have endless hmewrk t d every day.学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。(3)修饰某些名词，如chance，pprtunity，way，ability，plan 等。I feel greatly hnred t have the chance t deliver a speech here.有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
5．不定式作状语(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in rder t d，s as t d，t d等，但s as t d不能置于句首。I gt up early s as t/in rder t/t catch the early bus in the mrning.我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
(2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于 d，enugh t d， t d结构中。nly/just t d常表示出乎意料的结果。I asked Mum t put up the tent excitedly，nly t be tld the tent had been left behind.我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知忘带帐篷了。Every time I prepare fr an imprtant examinatin，I will be t anxius t fall asleep.每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。
(3)在be happy/glad/srry/sad/surprised t d sth.结构中作原因状语。I am extremely glad t knw that yu are cming t China fr a visit during the summer hliday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来拜访中国。
6．不定式作宾补(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，frce，expect，allw，persuade，rder，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，frbid，advise，teach等。I am writing t invite yu t cme t my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen t)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，ntice，bserve，watch，lk at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加t。I ften hear the girl sing the sng which is ppular recently.＝The girl is ften heard t sing the sng which is ppular recently.我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Students will wrk in grups ______________ (cmplete) fur assignments during the curse.②(2022·全国乙卷)It is easy _________ (have) a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media.③(2022·全国甲卷)A friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered ________ (be) his cmpanin during the trip.
④(2022·全国甲卷)This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyne else have the pprtunity ________ (d) creative things.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP's main gal is _____________ (imprve) cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas.⑥(2022·全国甲卷) Peple in France expect yu _________(eat) with a utensil in each hand.
⑦The airprt _______________(cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.⑧The wrkers seem ______________________(cmprmise) with the bss，because they are prepared t return t wrk.
t be cmpleted
t have cmprmised
1．非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。(误)Fund him angry，I began t tell jkes.(正)Finding him angry，I began t tell jkes.发现他生气了，我开始讲笑话。(误)Lking arund，there was n ne nearby.(正)Lking arund，I fund there was n ne nearby.环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。
2．若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语，即“逻辑主语(名词/(主格人称)代词)＋非谓语动词”，构成独立主格结构。具体形式如下：(1)名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可有语态和时态的变化。Winter cming，it gets clder and clder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与名词/代词为动宾关系，且过去分词表示动作已完成。The test finished，we began ur hliday.考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。(3)名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示将来的动作，有语态的变化。The tw bys said gdbye t each ther，ne t g hme，the ther t g t his friend's.两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。
(4)有些分词/不定式短语作状语时，尽管它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但也不作为语法错误来处理。①常见的这类分词短语有generally/frankly/rughly/strictly speaking，talking f，speaking f，judging frm/by，cmpared with/t...，given that...等。Generally speaking，girls are mre interested in literature than bys.一般来说，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。②常见的这类不定式短语有t be frank，t be sure，t tell (yu) the truth，t be hnest，t make matters wrse等。T tell yu the truth，it's all Greek t me.说实话，我对此一窍不通。
3．with复合结构(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。He lay n the grass with his eyes lking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。With his hair cut，he lked much yunger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生。With a lt f hmewrk t d，I can't g skating with yu.因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
4．下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
5．非谓语动词作宾语补足语的辨析(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，bserve，lk at，ntice，hear，listen t，feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，以see为例：
I saw him leave a few minutes ag.我看见他几分钟前离开了。As I gt clser，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。I'd like t see the plan carried ut.我想看到这个计划被执行。注意：“感官动词＋宾语＋省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加上t。The thief was bserved t enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况The teacher made sme students stay in the classrm after schl.老师让一些学生放学后留在教室里。He tried t make himself understd.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
Dn't let yur child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。Let the wrk be dne immediately.工作要马上去做。
He had the fire burning all the night.他让火燃烧了一夜。He had his wallet stlen n his way hme.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
She gt her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。I'll get/have my bike repaired tmrrw.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
(3)动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作宾补的情况
1．分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。2．找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系(1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。3．判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序(1)t have dne，having dne表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。(2)t be ding，ding表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
层级一 基础达标练单句语法填空1．Smetimes we find her __________(drive) the tractr n the farm.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查find＋sb.＋宾补，宾语her 与drive 为主谓关系。故填driving。2．Li Lei is asking his deskmate __________(help) him think f a freign name.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查t d 作宾补。ask sb.t d sth.请求某人做某事。 故填t help。
3．—Hi，Li Hng！I didn't see yu at the party.—Oh，I was busy __________(get) ready fr the cming exams.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定搭配 be busy ding sth.。故填getting。4．The ld men enjy ____________(listen) t the singing f the birds in the park.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作宾语。enjy之后跟ding作宾语。故填listening。
5．The girl ___________(stand) under the tree is my cusin Kate.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作定语。the girl 和stand之间为主谓关系。故填standing。6．Bks __________(write) in easy English are very ppular amng Chinese middle schl students.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作后置定语。bks和write之间是被动关系。故填written。
7．I fund the dr _________(clse) when I gt hme.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语the dr 和clse之间是被动关系。故填clsed。8．When they met again，they were t excited _________(say) a wrd.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为t＋adj.＋t d固定结构，其中t d表示结果。故填t say。9．I'm hungry.Get me smething _________(eat)．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查t d作定语。故填t eat。
10．—Hw lng did it take yu ______(d) yur hmewrk yesterday?—Abut half an hur.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处it为形式主语，结构为it takes sb.＋sme time＋t d sth.。故填t d。11．If the prey(猎物) is large，the tiger will bite its thrat __________ (kill) it.解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语部分是will bite，而t kill在句中作目的状语。故填t kill。
12．__________ (make) a kid understand the difference between magic and reality，yu need t shw him the science behind it.解析：考查非谓语动词。本空要用所给动词的不定式形式在句中作目的状语。故填T make。 13．Every piece f plastic__________ (create) will remain in the envirnment in sme frm, but...解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但……。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语plastic构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
14．It seems that peple in western cuntries are becming increasingly __________(wrry) abut the side effects f drugs，...解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用……。此处是指人们担心药物的副作用，应用过去分词wrried表示“担心的”在句中作表语。故填wrried。15．Yueyang Twer became famus fr Memrial t Yueyang Twer(《岳阳楼记》)__________(write) by Fan Zhngyan.解析：考查非谓语动词。所填词在此处作后置定语，修饰Memrial t Yueyang Twer，且与之为动宾关系，故用过去分词written。故填written。
16．Living with a family makes the language familiar，literally ______ (bring) it hme t yu. 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作状语，逻辑主语living with a family与其之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填bringing。17．T really appreciate and understand anther language，yu need ________________(understand) its culture and philsphy.解析：考查非谓语动词。need t d sth.需要做某事。故填t understand。
t understand
18． if yu cnveniently thrw it ut, wind and run-ff carry the waste dwn the sewer(污水管) and directly t the cean, ____________ (affect) the marine life including the fish...解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：……但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类……。分析句子结构可知affect在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文句子构成主动关系，因此应用现在分词作状语。故填affecting。
19．Hearing the telephne ring, she rushed ut f the kitchen and left the water __________(bil)．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：听到电话铃响，她冲出厨房，让水开着。leave ＋宾语＋ding sth.“使……处于某种状态”，此处是现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在进行。故填biling。20．Mrever，fully cnsider each ptin. It can be easy _________ (let) a particular schl becme a frnt-runner early n during yur decisin-making prcess.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为“It＋be＋adj.＋t d sth.”句型，句中It作形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语。故填t let。
层级二 高考真题练单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)___________ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cver和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Cvering。
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ______________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，作目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填t increase。
3．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the __________ (fall) child.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的held ut为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up _________ (see) them.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climbed up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。)，故应该使用t d不定式作目的状语。故填t see。
5．(2022·浙江卷1月)That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans ______________(cntinue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding, ” she says, “a really psitive change.”解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan t d sth.计划做某事。故填t cntinue。
t cntinue
6．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure that ffers a place where yu can sit dwn __________(rest) yur aching legs.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并提供了一个地方，你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。根据句意和句子结构此处应填t rest来作目的状语。故填t rest。
7．(2021·全国)After ___________(spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在一段历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
8．(2021·全国乙卷)It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ___________ (educate) abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics...解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色……。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填educated。
9．(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim __________ (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim t d译为“旨在，目的是”。故填t have。
10．(2021·新高考I卷)But that's hw nature is—always leaving us _____________ (astnish)．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astnished。
11．(2021·浙江1月高考)In 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries __________(study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是cuntries，两者存在被动关系，要用studied作定语。故填studied。
12．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth _________(cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.解析：考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词the earth与cme back t之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填cming。13．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy __________(care) fr and make great presents.解析：考查非谓语动词。这里考查“be＋形容词＋t d”结构。故填t care。
14．(2021·3月天津改编)—Hw's the prject ging?—S far s gd. All we have t d is _________(finish) the last bit f wrk.解析：考查非谓语动词。不定式作表语，前面的主语有d，后面表语t d的t省略。故填finish。
15．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As well as lking at exhibits，visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r __________(walk) thrugh a rainfrest.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处与living是并列成分，共同作imagine的宾语，imagine sb.ding sth.想象某人做某事。因此sb. ding sth.为imagine后动名词的复合结构。故填walking。
16．(2020·浙江卷)Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy ____________(change) lives.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，简单句中已有动词gave，设空处需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语，修饰technlgy。故填t change。
17．(2020·天津，5月)____________(cmplete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1954，inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.解析：考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词cmplete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Cmpleted。
18．(2020·天津，5月)The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin _____________(prmte) ecnmic grwth.解析：考查非谓语动词。通过分析句子可知，句中存在谓语desn't have t sacrifice，空处需使用非谓语动词且表示目的，因此使用动词不定式形式。故填t prmte。19．(2019·天津卷)___________(learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子缺少主语成分，故用动名词作主语。故填Learning。
20.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s，and are expensive _________ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.解析：考查非谓语动词。本句含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填t perfrm。
层级三 语篇提能练语法填空非谓语动词篇Passage 1China has becme the first cuntry _____________(land) a spacecraft n the far side f the mn.The unmanned Chang'e-4 prbe(探测器)—the name ____________________(inspire) by an ancient Chinese mn gddess—tuched dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. _____________ (land) n the mn's far side is extremely __________________(challenge)．
2.was inspired
4.challenging
Because the mn's bdy _____________(blck) direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe，China first ___________(have) t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(环形山)，mre s than the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hpe _______________(use) the instruments nbard Chang'e-4 ______________(find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it means we have the chance __________________(btain) infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.” Data abut the mn's cmpsitin，such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains，culd help China decide whether its plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base _____________(be) practical.
语篇导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家。
解析：1．考查非谓语动词。当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，用t d 作定语。故填t land。2．考查动词的时态和语态。根据题意，该探测器的名字是受了月神嫦娥的启发，表被动，而且被启发是过去的事情。故填was inspired。3．考查非谓语动词。根据题意，此处在句中作主语，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Landing。4．考查非谓语动词。根据题意，此处应该是“极具挑战性的”，作表语，主语为动名词短语。故填challenging。
5．考查动词的时态。because引导原因状语从句，从句中要有谓语，而且 the mn's bdy 是单数，此处又为客观事实，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。故填blcks。6．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据题意“中国发射嫦娥四号”是过去的事情，而且后面的从句也是使用的culd send作谓语。故填had。7．考查非谓语动词。hpe后跟不定式作宾语。故填t use。8．考查非谓语动词。根据题意，研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备去发现和研究月球南极的艾肯盆地。此处为use sth. t d结构，其中t d表示目的状语。故填t find。
9．考查非谓语动词。当被修饰词是chance，pprtunity，way，ability等抽象名词时，其后常跟t d作定语。故填t btain。10．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 根据题意，此处在whether 引导的宾语从句中作谓语，且主语its plans 是复数形式，此处时态应为一般现在时。故填are。
Passage 2Petry is never far away frm ur daily life. Many f us grew up _______________(recite) classic pems, learning ________________(enjy) this beautiful art frm that is able t use just a few lines ________________ (cnvey) such rich meanings.The Bk f Sngs，______________ (date) back t the Western Zhu Dynasty, has a lnger histry than the Hmeric epics. Even tday, classic pems are appreciated by a lt f peple._________________(recgnize) the unique ability f petry and capture its creative spirit, Wrld Petry Day is held by the United Natins n March 21 each year ________________(supprt) linguistic diversity thrugh petic expressin.
5.T recgnize
Chinese Petry Cnference _______________ (feature) classic petry is extremely ppular. The cmpetitin saw ver 100 participants ____________ (take) part in a number f challenges. The participants, whse ages ranged frm 7 t 70, included students, farmers, teachers and freign cmpetitrs with an interest in Chinese literature.And even TV series invlving petry are very successful. Fr example，in Empresses in the Palace (甄嬛传), ne f the drama's mst _____________ (mve)sngs was adapted frm a pem ________________ (write) by Wen Tingyun f the Tang Dynasty.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。简单介绍了中国古典诗歌和现在的《中国诗词大会》。
7.featuring
解析：1．考查非谓语动词。句子主语Many f us和recite在逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填reciting。2．考查非谓语动词。learn t d sth.表示“学会做某事”。故填t enjy。3．考查非谓语动词。能够用几行诗句表达如此丰富的意思。use sth. t d sth.用某物做某事。故填t cnvey。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：起源于西周时期的《诗经》的历史要比《荷马史诗》更悠久。根据语境，以及date back t没被动形式，此处用现在分词作定语。故填dating。5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了认识到诗歌的独特能力……。根据句意，应填不定式作目的状语。故填T recgnize。6．考查非谓语动词。根据语境应用不定式t supprt作目的状语，意为“为了支持……”。故填t supprt。
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