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2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2第3讲动词的构词规律情态动词和虚拟语气课件
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这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2第3讲动词的构词规律情态动词和虚拟语气课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了deepen，beautify，apologize，enables，should be，so precise，must，may，have eaten，have come等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点一 表示“使，使成为”的动词词缀
即时演练(一)单句语法填空1．The day celebrates the imprtance f families. It aims t ________ (deep) peple's understanding f issues that are related t families.2．In the prcess f creating the civilized city, we all shuld d ur best t __________ (beauty) ur cmmunity.3．I am abut t ___________ (aplgy) t the by, but he is gne.4．Daily practice _________ (able) me t speak English fluently in class.5．Gssip can als have a third effect: it _____________ (strength) unwritten, unspken rules abut hw peple shuld act.
strengthens
考点二 情态动词的5个基本用法一、表示能力1．表示现在的能力：can, am/is/are able t。2．表示将来的能力：will be able t。3．表示过去的能力：culd表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able t表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。I'm ging t Eurpe n vacatin tgether with Jhn if I can have enugh mney.如果我有足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
二、表示可能和推测1．表示肯定：can表示客观上的可能，意为“有时会”；may/might/culd表示可能；must表示一定；shuld/ught t表示应该。2．表示否定：can't/culdn't表示不可能；may nt/might nt表示可能不；shuldn't/ughtn't t表示应该不会。3．表示疑问：can/culd表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。It is usually warm in my hmetwn in March, but it can be rather cld smetimes.在我的家乡，三月份通常很暖和，但有时也会很冷。
三、表示提出请求、建议、发出指示、许可、禁止、义务、责任1．请求对方允许时用May/Can/Culd ．主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall ．提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Wuld yu...？或Shall ．shuld/ught t表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，shuldn't/ughtn't t表示不应该。
5．may/can表示允许、许可。6．must表示必须，mustn't表示禁止。7．shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句，表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁；当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall。One f ur rules is that every student shall wear schl unifrm while at schl.(规定)我们的其中一项规定是每位学生在校期间必须穿校服。
四、表示必要性1．must d sth.表示主观上认为“必须做某事”；have t d sth.表示因客观环境或事态促使而“不得不做某事”。2．needn't/dn't have t表示“不必”。Yu needn't get the machine repaired this week. I wn't need it until next mnth.这周你不必请人修理机器，我到下个月才用。
五、表示愿望、决心will/wuld可与各种人称连用，表示主语的意志或决心。will表示意愿时其否定形式为wn't，通常用于有生命体，但有时也用于无生命体，这时把无生命体拟人化了。—Why hasn't the ck arrived yet tday?—She just wn't cme fr such a lw salary.——为什么今天厨师还没来？——这么低的薪水她不愿意来了。
即时演练(二)完成句子1．安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论，试图说服他改变主意，但西蒙不愿意听。 Angela reasned with Simn, trying t persuade him t change his mind, but Simn ______________________.
wuld nt listen t her
2．你不必道歉；任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。Yu________________________; it can happen t anybdy t be late. Cme and sit dwn. 3．如果您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。I_________________ if yu culd cnsider my suggestin. 4．在这种情况下，如果说有什么话题最需要避免，那一定就是大家的收入。 Under the circumstances, if there is any tpic that mst needs aviding, it _________________________.
dn't have t aplgize
wuld appreciate it
must be peple's incme
5．我奶奶已经七十多岁了，但她仍然可以不戴眼镜看书。My grandma is ver seventy, but _____________________________.
she can still read withut glasses
考点三 情态动词的6种特殊用法1．can/culd的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。2．can/culd的否定式与enugh或t (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。3．must可表示“偏要，硬要”，常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。4．may/might as well表示“最好；不妨”。
5．wuld可表示过去的习惯，与used t相比，前者常表示过去反复的动作，后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。6．shuld有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇，意为“竟然会”。I can't thank him t much.我再怎么感谢他也不为过。—Must yu interrupt nw? Can't yu see I'm n the phne?—Srry, sir, but it's urgent.——你非得现在打断我吗？你没看见我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，我有急事。
If yu think the price f beef is t high, yu may as well buy sme prk.It's up t yu.如果你认为牛肉的价格太高，你不妨买些猪肉。这取决于你。He wuld get up early when he was in the cuntry.他住在乡下时常常早起。
即时演练(三)完成句子1．做实验时你越仔细越好。Yu________________________ when ding experiments. 2．就我个人而言，你最好抓住这个机会，否则一旦错过就再也不会得到另外一个机会了。(seize)Persnally I think yu__________________________, r yu'll prbably never get anther nce yu miss it.
can nt be t careful
may as well seize the chance
3．我们很惊讶，他对实验结果的预测竟然如此准确。(precise)We are surprised that his predictin abut the experiment result__________________.
考点四 “情态动词＋have dne”的2类用法一、对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
二、表示“与过去事实相反”
We culd have faced the difficulty tgether, but why didn't yu tell me?我们本来可以一起面对困难，但是你为什么不告诉我？Mark needn't have hurried.Driving at tp speed, he arrived half an hur early.马克本不必着急。他开得飞快，早到了半小时。
即时演练(四)单句语法填空1．Yur cusin ______ have enjyed his trip in Jixian Cunty, didn't he? He lks amazingly different.2．The spkesman did nt regret what he had said at the cnference but felt that he culd ________________ (express) it indirectly. 3．This _____ have been an imprvement, but “breakthrugh” was an verstatement.
have expressed
4．I'm nt feeling well in the stmach. I shuldn't ____________ (eat) s much fried chicken just nw. 5．Yu ught t ___________ (cme) t the party yesterday, but why didn't yu cme?
考点五 虚拟语气一、虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况1．虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
If he had time nw, he wuld (shuld/culd/might) g with yu.如果他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If yu had cme a few minutes earlier, yu wuld (shuld/culd/might) have met the famus singer.如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)If it were t snw/shuld snw/snwed this evening, they wuld (shuld/culd/might) nt g ut.如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
2．虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/shuld，有时可把if省略，把were/had/shuld提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，nt不可提前。Had he caught the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他开会就不会迟到了。
3．错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。If we had bked a table earlier, we wuldn't be standing here in a queue.如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟)
4．含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but fr, withut等介词(短语)来表示。We wuldn't have finished the prject n time withut yur timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。(2)用连词therwise, r等暗示下文与前面的情况相反，从而引出下文的虚拟语气。He reminded me f the meeting, therwise I wuld have frgtten it.他提醒了我会议的事，要不然我就忘了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，句型结构为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。 She wuld have cme t see yu, but she was s busy that day.她本来想来看望你的，但那天她太忙了。
即时演练(五)单句语法填空1．I was busy finishing my paper that day. Otherwise I _____________ (g) there with them.2．If he ______________ (listen) t the teacher attentively yesterday, he wuld knw the answer t the prblem nw. 3．If he __________ (lie) quietly as the dctr instructed, he wuldn't suffer s much nw.
wuld have gne
had listened
4．Had yu studied harder at cllege, yu _________________ (get) a better jb nw.5．I might nt have been wet then if I ___________ (take) my raincat with me this mrning.
wuld/culd get
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种情况1．在“It is＋imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。It's vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。
2．在wuld rather (that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。I'd rather he had gne t the seaside with me the day befre yesterday.要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。
3．句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“shuld＋动词原形”，其中shuld可以省略。
4．动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
即时演练(六)单句语法填空1．It is essential that these applicatin frms __________________ (send) back as early as pssible. 2．It is strngly recmmended that the machines __________________ (check) every year. 3．Hw I wish I ______________ (nt, try) t repair the cellphne! I nly made it wrse.
(shuld) be sent
(shuld) be checked
hadn't tried
4．My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life ____________________ (encurage) t finance the prject with their deeper lve fr these children. 5．My husband is always talking abut the ecnmy, but I'd rather he _________ (fcus) mre n ur children's educatin.
三、3个特定句式中的虚拟语气
【点津】在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和语境是判断句子是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间和主从句结构两个方面。
即时演练(七)单句语法填空1．I felt s embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class. If nly I _______________ (cmplete) my hmewrk last night! 2．They stared at me as if I __________ (cme) frm the uter space. 3．Sme animals are in danger f dying ut, s it is high time that the gvernment ________________ (take) sme measures t prtect endangered animals.
had cmpleted
tk/shuld take
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．—I hnestly dn't think I'm ging t be admitted.—Well, yu never knw! Yu may ___________(make) a better impressin than yu think. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示过去可能做某事，应用“情态动词＋have dne”形式。故填have made。
2．It used t be that yu _______drive fr miles here withut seeing anther persn, but nw there are huses and peple everywhere. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：过去你可能在这里开车几英里都看不到一个人，但现在到处都有房屋和人。根据句意可知，该处表示对客观可能性的推测。故填culd。
3．Jim says we _____stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy. 解析：考查情态动词。根据空后的“as lng as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim允许我们待在他的房子里，即我们“能，可以”待在他的房子里。故填can。
4．Yu shuldn't ______________(scld) him fr his pr perfrmance. After all, he had dne his best. 解析：考查情态动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“本不应该”， shuldn't have dne指做了过去本不该做的事，空前已有shuldn't。故填have sclded。
have sclded
5．If I hadn't been faced with s many barriers, I wuldn't ____(be) where I am. 解析： 考查虚拟语气。此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后的where I am可知，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用wuld d形式，空前已有wuldn't, 故填be。
6．The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they wuld ___________________(accmplish) the task in half the time. 解析：考查虚拟语气。根据空前的“The wrkers were nt better rganized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄虚拟。从句应用shuld (wuld/culd/might)＋have＋dne，空前已有wuld。故填have accmplished。
have accmplished
7．(江苏卷)What a pity！Yu missed the sightseeing，r we ________________ (have) a gd time tgether.解析：考查虚拟语气。根据关键词r可知应用虚拟语气，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用wuld/culd/shuld/might＋have dne。故填wuld have had。
wuld have had
8．(天津卷)I can't find my purse.I _____________________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm nt sure.解析：考查情态动词。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去发生事情的推测，因此用“情态动词＋have dne”，再根据后句but I'm nt sure可知，此推测为不太肯定的推测，所以用culd/might have dne。故填culd/might have left。
culd/might have left
9．(北京卷)In tday's infrmatin age，the lss f data _____ cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.解析：考查情态动词。can在此表示客观可能性，意为“可能会，有时候会”。故填can。10．(北京卷)They might have fund a better htel if they ___________(drive) a few mre kilmeters.解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主句的谓语形式以及语境(事情已经发生)可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。故填had driven。
11．(江苏卷)It's strange that he ________ have taken the bks withut the wner's permissin.解析：考查情态动词。此处shuld作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合语境。 故填shuld。
Ⅱ.语法填空情态动词和虚拟语气篇I________ nt have wrried befre I came t the new schl，fr my classmates here are very friendly t me.Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer.I wish I __________(dance) as well as her.N ne _______ be cmpared with her in dancing.Jack is mre f a talker than a der.Teachers always tell him it's high time that he _________________(d) smething instead f just talking.Every time I get clse enugh t hear them speaking Chinese，I ________ say “Ni Ha” t them.Teachers recmmend that parents
4.did/shuld d
______________________(nt，allw) their children under 12 t ride bicycles t schl fr safety.Students ________ bey schl rules.Every student must wear schl unifrm while at schl.If a student __________(nt) wear schl unifrm，he wuld be punished immediately.Accrding t the rules，students _________ get grades nt lwer than 85 in any subject in rder t get the schlarship.It is beynd my imaginatin that students here ___________ be s crazy abut Harry Ptter series like me.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中介绍了作者来到一所新学校的情况，以及学校的一些规定。
6.(shuld) nt allw
解析：1．考查情态动词。因为这儿的同学对我都非常友好，在来新学校之前我本不需要担心的。故填needn't。2．考查虚拟语气。我希望我跳舞像她一样好。wish 后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，而且与现在相反。故填danced。3．考查情态动词。没有人像她跳得一样好。表示能力要用can。故填can。
4．考查虚拟语气。It is high time that＋sb.shuld d/did sth.到了某人该做某事的时候了。故填did/shuld d。5．考查情态动词。每当我靠近他们听见他们说汉语的时候，我会对他们说“你好”。will可以表示现在的习惯。故填will。6．考查虚拟语气。recmmend后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略。故填(shuld) nt allw。7．考查情态动词。学生必须要服从校规。must 表示强制。故填must。
8．考查虚拟语气。如果学生在校期间不穿校服，他会立即受到惩罚。因为主句谓语用wuld d，表示对现在的虚拟，所以条件从句中用过去式表示对现在的虚拟。故填didn't。9．考查情态动词。根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。故填shall。10．考查情态动词。我没有想到这里的学生竟然像我一样痴迷《哈利·波特》系列丛书。 shuld在此意为“竟然”，表示惊讶。故填shuld。
Ⅲ.写作运用(根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意情态动词和虚拟语气的运用)Dear Eric, I'm Li Hua.D yu still remember me? I studied in yur schl fr 3 mnths a cuple f years ag.I'm very grateful fr yur help during my study in the US.At that time, yu ften recmmended that 1._______________________________________________ (我应该结交新朋友和适应新生活)．Withut yur help, 2._________________________________________(我不可能那么享受我在那儿的生活)．Besides, if yu hadn't helped me, 3.________________________________________ (我的英语就不可能提高得那么快).
I (shuld) make new
I culdn't have enjyed my life there s much
my English culdn't have imprved s quickly
friends and adapt t the new life
By the way, d yu knw hw everything is ging with Mr. Smith? I failed t cntact him after I left America.I'd appreciate it 4.____________________________________________________ (如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码)．I remember that yu are very interested in Chinese culture.If yu were free during this winter hliday, hw I wish 5.__________________________________________________________________(你能在春节期间
if yu culd ffer
yu culd cme t China
me his e-mail address r telephne number
during the Spring Festival t experience Chinese culture
考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点一 表示“使，使成为”的动词词缀
即时演练(一)单句语法填空1．The day celebrates the imprtance f families. It aims t ________ (deep) peple's understanding f issues that are related t families.2．In the prcess f creating the civilized city, we all shuld d ur best t __________ (beauty) ur cmmunity.3．I am abut t ___________ (aplgy) t the by, but he is gne.4．Daily practice _________ (able) me t speak English fluently in class.5．Gssip can als have a third effect: it _____________ (strength) unwritten, unspken rules abut hw peple shuld act.
strengthens
考点二 情态动词的5个基本用法一、表示能力1．表示现在的能力：can, am/is/are able t。2．表示将来的能力：will be able t。3．表示过去的能力：culd表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able t表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。I'm ging t Eurpe n vacatin tgether with Jhn if I can have enugh mney.如果我有足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
二、表示可能和推测1．表示肯定：can表示客观上的可能，意为“有时会”；may/might/culd表示可能；must表示一定；shuld/ught t表示应该。2．表示否定：can't/culdn't表示不可能；may nt/might nt表示可能不；shuldn't/ughtn't t表示应该不会。3．表示疑问：can/culd表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。It is usually warm in my hmetwn in March, but it can be rather cld smetimes.在我的家乡，三月份通常很暖和，但有时也会很冷。
三、表示提出请求、建议、发出指示、许可、禁止、义务、责任1．请求对方允许时用May/Can/Culd ．主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall ．提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Wuld yu...？或Shall ．shuld/ught t表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，shuldn't/ughtn't t表示不应该。
5．may/can表示允许、许可。6．must表示必须，mustn't表示禁止。7．shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句，表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁；当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall。One f ur rules is that every student shall wear schl unifrm while at schl.(规定)我们的其中一项规定是每位学生在校期间必须穿校服。
四、表示必要性1．must d sth.表示主观上认为“必须做某事”；have t d sth.表示因客观环境或事态促使而“不得不做某事”。2．needn't/dn't have t表示“不必”。Yu needn't get the machine repaired this week. I wn't need it until next mnth.这周你不必请人修理机器，我到下个月才用。
五、表示愿望、决心will/wuld可与各种人称连用，表示主语的意志或决心。will表示意愿时其否定形式为wn't，通常用于有生命体，但有时也用于无生命体，这时把无生命体拟人化了。—Why hasn't the ck arrived yet tday?—She just wn't cme fr such a lw salary.——为什么今天厨师还没来？——这么低的薪水她不愿意来了。
即时演练(二)完成句子1．安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论，试图说服他改变主意，但西蒙不愿意听。 Angela reasned with Simn, trying t persuade him t change his mind, but Simn ______________________.
wuld nt listen t her
2．你不必道歉；任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。Yu________________________; it can happen t anybdy t be late. Cme and sit dwn. 3．如果您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。I_________________ if yu culd cnsider my suggestin. 4．在这种情况下，如果说有什么话题最需要避免，那一定就是大家的收入。 Under the circumstances, if there is any tpic that mst needs aviding, it _________________________.
dn't have t aplgize
wuld appreciate it
must be peple's incme
5．我奶奶已经七十多岁了，但她仍然可以不戴眼镜看书。My grandma is ver seventy, but _____________________________.
she can still read withut glasses
考点三 情态动词的6种特殊用法1．can/culd的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。2．can/culd的否定式与enugh或t (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。3．must可表示“偏要，硬要”，常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。4．may/might as well表示“最好；不妨”。
5．wuld可表示过去的习惯，与used t相比，前者常表示过去反复的动作，后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。6．shuld有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇，意为“竟然会”。I can't thank him t much.我再怎么感谢他也不为过。—Must yu interrupt nw? Can't yu see I'm n the phne?—Srry, sir, but it's urgent.——你非得现在打断我吗？你没看见我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，我有急事。
If yu think the price f beef is t high, yu may as well buy sme prk.It's up t yu.如果你认为牛肉的价格太高，你不妨买些猪肉。这取决于你。He wuld get up early when he was in the cuntry.他住在乡下时常常早起。
即时演练(三)完成句子1．做实验时你越仔细越好。Yu________________________ when ding experiments. 2．就我个人而言，你最好抓住这个机会，否则一旦错过就再也不会得到另外一个机会了。(seize)Persnally I think yu__________________________, r yu'll prbably never get anther nce yu miss it.
can nt be t careful
may as well seize the chance
3．我们很惊讶，他对实验结果的预测竟然如此准确。(precise)We are surprised that his predictin abut the experiment result__________________.
考点四 “情态动词＋have dne”的2类用法一、对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
二、表示“与过去事实相反”
We culd have faced the difficulty tgether, but why didn't yu tell me?我们本来可以一起面对困难，但是你为什么不告诉我？Mark needn't have hurried.Driving at tp speed, he arrived half an hur early.马克本不必着急。他开得飞快，早到了半小时。
即时演练(四)单句语法填空1．Yur cusin ______ have enjyed his trip in Jixian Cunty, didn't he? He lks amazingly different.2．The spkesman did nt regret what he had said at the cnference but felt that he culd ________________ (express) it indirectly. 3．This _____ have been an imprvement, but “breakthrugh” was an verstatement.
have expressed
4．I'm nt feeling well in the stmach. I shuldn't ____________ (eat) s much fried chicken just nw. 5．Yu ught t ___________ (cme) t the party yesterday, but why didn't yu cme?
考点五 虚拟语气一、虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况1．虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
If he had time nw, he wuld (shuld/culd/might) g with yu.如果他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If yu had cme a few minutes earlier, yu wuld (shuld/culd/might) have met the famus singer.如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)If it were t snw/shuld snw/snwed this evening, they wuld (shuld/culd/might) nt g ut.如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
2．虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/shuld，有时可把if省略，把were/had/shuld提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，nt不可提前。Had he caught the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他开会就不会迟到了。
3．错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。If we had bked a table earlier, we wuldn't be standing here in a queue.如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟)
4．含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but fr, withut等介词(短语)来表示。We wuldn't have finished the prject n time withut yur timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。(2)用连词therwise, r等暗示下文与前面的情况相反，从而引出下文的虚拟语气。He reminded me f the meeting, therwise I wuld have frgtten it.他提醒了我会议的事，要不然我就忘了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，句型结构为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。 She wuld have cme t see yu, but she was s busy that day.她本来想来看望你的，但那天她太忙了。
即时演练(五)单句语法填空1．I was busy finishing my paper that day. Otherwise I _____________ (g) there with them.2．If he ______________ (listen) t the teacher attentively yesterday, he wuld knw the answer t the prblem nw. 3．If he __________ (lie) quietly as the dctr instructed, he wuldn't suffer s much nw.
wuld have gne
had listened
4．Had yu studied harder at cllege, yu _________________ (get) a better jb nw.5．I might nt have been wet then if I ___________ (take) my raincat with me this mrning.
wuld/culd get
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种情况1．在“It is＋imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。It's vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。
2．在wuld rather (that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。I'd rather he had gne t the seaside with me the day befre yesterday.要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。
3．句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“shuld＋动词原形”，其中shuld可以省略。
4．动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
即时演练(六)单句语法填空1．It is essential that these applicatin frms __________________ (send) back as early as pssible. 2．It is strngly recmmended that the machines __________________ (check) every year. 3．Hw I wish I ______________ (nt, try) t repair the cellphne! I nly made it wrse.
(shuld) be sent
(shuld) be checked
hadn't tried
4．My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life ____________________ (encurage) t finance the prject with their deeper lve fr these children. 5．My husband is always talking abut the ecnmy, but I'd rather he _________ (fcus) mre n ur children's educatin.
三、3个特定句式中的虚拟语气
【点津】在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和语境是判断句子是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间和主从句结构两个方面。
即时演练(七)单句语法填空1．I felt s embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class. If nly I _______________ (cmplete) my hmewrk last night! 2．They stared at me as if I __________ (cme) frm the uter space. 3．Sme animals are in danger f dying ut, s it is high time that the gvernment ________________ (take) sme measures t prtect endangered animals.
had cmpleted
tk/shuld take
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．—I hnestly dn't think I'm ging t be admitted.—Well, yu never knw! Yu may ___________(make) a better impressin than yu think. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示过去可能做某事，应用“情态动词＋have dne”形式。故填have made。
2．It used t be that yu _______drive fr miles here withut seeing anther persn, but nw there are huses and peple everywhere. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：过去你可能在这里开车几英里都看不到一个人，但现在到处都有房屋和人。根据句意可知，该处表示对客观可能性的推测。故填culd。
3．Jim says we _____stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy. 解析：考查情态动词。根据空后的“as lng as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim允许我们待在他的房子里，即我们“能，可以”待在他的房子里。故填can。
4．Yu shuldn't ______________(scld) him fr his pr perfrmance. After all, he had dne his best. 解析：考查情态动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“本不应该”， shuldn't have dne指做了过去本不该做的事，空前已有shuldn't。故填have sclded。
have sclded
5．If I hadn't been faced with s many barriers, I wuldn't ____(be) where I am. 解析： 考查虚拟语气。此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后的where I am可知，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用wuld d形式，空前已有wuldn't, 故填be。
6．The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they wuld ___________________(accmplish) the task in half the time. 解析：考查虚拟语气。根据空前的“The wrkers were nt better rganized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄虚拟。从句应用shuld (wuld/culd/might)＋have＋dne，空前已有wuld。故填have accmplished。
have accmplished
7．(江苏卷)What a pity！Yu missed the sightseeing，r we ________________ (have) a gd time tgether.解析：考查虚拟语气。根据关键词r可知应用虚拟语气，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用wuld/culd/shuld/might＋have dne。故填wuld have had。
wuld have had
8．(天津卷)I can't find my purse.I _____________________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm nt sure.解析：考查情态动词。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去发生事情的推测，因此用“情态动词＋have dne”，再根据后句but I'm nt sure可知，此推测为不太肯定的推测，所以用culd/might have dne。故填culd/might have left。
culd/might have left
9．(北京卷)In tday's infrmatin age，the lss f data _____ cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.解析：考查情态动词。can在此表示客观可能性，意为“可能会，有时候会”。故填can。10．(北京卷)They might have fund a better htel if they ___________(drive) a few mre kilmeters.解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主句的谓语形式以及语境(事情已经发生)可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。故填had driven。
11．(江苏卷)It's strange that he ________ have taken the bks withut the wner's permissin.解析：考查情态动词。此处shuld作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合语境。 故填shuld。
Ⅱ.语法填空情态动词和虚拟语气篇I________ nt have wrried befre I came t the new schl，fr my classmates here are very friendly t me.Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer.I wish I __________(dance) as well as her.N ne _______ be cmpared with her in dancing.Jack is mre f a talker than a der.Teachers always tell him it's high time that he _________________(d) smething instead f just talking.Every time I get clse enugh t hear them speaking Chinese，I ________ say “Ni Ha” t them.Teachers recmmend that parents
4.did/shuld d
______________________(nt，allw) their children under 12 t ride bicycles t schl fr safety.Students ________ bey schl rules.Every student must wear schl unifrm while at schl.If a student __________(nt) wear schl unifrm，he wuld be punished immediately.Accrding t the rules，students _________ get grades nt lwer than 85 in any subject in rder t get the schlarship.It is beynd my imaginatin that students here ___________ be s crazy abut Harry Ptter series like me.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中介绍了作者来到一所新学校的情况，以及学校的一些规定。
6.(shuld) nt allw
解析：1．考查情态动词。因为这儿的同学对我都非常友好，在来新学校之前我本不需要担心的。故填needn't。2．考查虚拟语气。我希望我跳舞像她一样好。wish 后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，而且与现在相反。故填danced。3．考查情态动词。没有人像她跳得一样好。表示能力要用can。故填can。
4．考查虚拟语气。It is high time that＋sb.shuld d/did sth.到了某人该做某事的时候了。故填did/shuld d。5．考查情态动词。每当我靠近他们听见他们说汉语的时候，我会对他们说“你好”。will可以表示现在的习惯。故填will。6．考查虚拟语气。recmmend后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略。故填(shuld) nt allw。7．考查情态动词。学生必须要服从校规。must 表示强制。故填must。
8．考查虚拟语气。如果学生在校期间不穿校服，他会立即受到惩罚。因为主句谓语用wuld d，表示对现在的虚拟，所以条件从句中用过去式表示对现在的虚拟。故填didn't。9．考查情态动词。根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。故填shall。10．考查情态动词。我没有想到这里的学生竟然像我一样痴迷《哈利·波特》系列丛书。 shuld在此意为“竟然”，表示惊讶。故填shuld。
Ⅲ.写作运用(根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意情态动词和虚拟语气的运用)Dear Eric, I'm Li Hua.D yu still remember me? I studied in yur schl fr 3 mnths a cuple f years ag.I'm very grateful fr yur help during my study in the US.At that time, yu ften recmmended that 1._______________________________________________ (我应该结交新朋友和适应新生活)．Withut yur help, 2._________________________________________(我不可能那么享受我在那儿的生活)．Besides, if yu hadn't helped me, 3.________________________________________ (我的英语就不可能提高得那么快).
I (shuld) make new
I culdn't have enjyed my life there s much
my English culdn't have imprved s quickly
friends and adapt t the new life
By the way, d yu knw hw everything is ging with Mr. Smith? I failed t cntact him after I left America.I'd appreciate it 4.____________________________________________________ (如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码)．I remember that yu are very interested in Chinese culture.If yu were free during this winter hliday, hw I wish 5.__________________________________________________________________(你能在春节期间
if yu culd ffer
yu culd cme t China
me his e-mail address r telephne number
during the Spring Festival t experience Chinese culture
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