中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---倒装句和主谓一致

这是一份中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---倒装句和主谓一致，共13页。试卷主要包含了 初中常见倒装句结构及用法，特殊名词做主语的主谓一致，不定代词或其他做主语的主谓一致， -Where is Mr等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考一轮复习语法必考点--倒装句和主谓一致
精讲
一．倒装句
定义：
英语中，陈述句的正常语序是“主语在前，谓语在后”，但有时出于强调、平衡以及承上启下等需要，会将谓语的全部或部分放在主语之前，这种语序叫倒装语序，含倒装语序的句子叫倒装句。

1. 初中常见倒装句结构及用法
1）so+谓语／系动词＋主语
意为“某人或物也是如此”；表示上句的肯定情况也适用于下句的人或物
2) so+主语＋谓语／系动词
意为“的确，确实如此”；表示赞同或强调前面所说的情况
3) neither/nor+谓语／系动词＋主语
意为“某人或物也不”；表示上句的否定情况也适用于下句的人或物

拓展：
（1） “so+谓语／系动词＋主语”与“so+主语＋谓语／系动词”的区别：
两者均表肯定，前者的主语与上句主语不一致：后者的主语与上句主语一致。

(2) 同义表达：“so+谓语／系动词＋I”与“Me,too”同义：
“neithet/nor+谓语／系动词＋I”与“Me,neither”同义，
如：－I like the magazine named the English World very much.
我非常喜欢这本名为《英语世界》的杂志，
－So do I./Me,too. I have read it for many years.
我也是，我已经读这本杂志根多年了.
（3）谓语的形式：须根据上句时态，句型的变化而变化，
如：－When I was five,I drew very well.
当我5岁时，我绘画很好。
－So did I.我也一样。
【上句是肯定情况，下句须选so:上句中叙述的事发生在过去，下句须用一般过去时：上句中主句的谓语动词drew为实义动词，下句须用助动词did】

二．There be 结构
定义：
英语中，There be结构为“There be+主语＋其他”，表示“某地或某时有 . . . . ”，
其中，There无实际意义，be须与后面邻近的主语和时间状语在数和时态上保持一致。

1. There be 结构
肯定式：There be(is/are/was/were)+主语＋其他
否定式：There be(is/are/was/were)not/no+主语＋其他
一般疑问句：Be(Is/Are/Was/Were)there+主语＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes,there be(is/are/was/were).
否定回答：No,there be(is/are/was/were) not.
There be结构的变式：
1） There+情态动词＋be+主语＋其他
2） There+seems/seemed to be+主语＋其他
3） There+不及物动词（如：live、come、stand等）＋主语＋其他

拓展：
（1） 当There be结构的否定句主语被any/much修饰限定时，只能用“There be(is/are/was/were)not+any/much+主语＋其他”，
如：There is some bread in this basket. 这个篮子里有一些面包。
对应的否定表达为：
There is not any bread in this basket. 这个篮子里没有面包。

（2）There be 和 have的区别
①there be 强调“某地有某物或某人”，表示客观存在，含存在关系：
have强调“某人或某地拥有某物”，表示主观拥有，含所属关系，
如：There are some volunteers in the park. 公园里有一些志愿者。
Well,we already have lots of oranges. 好吧，我们已经有很多橘子了.
②二者有时可相互转换，但不能同时使用。
如：There are many clubs in our school.
=Our school has many clubs. 我们学校有很多俱乐部。

(3) There be结构的另一用法：
There be+主语＋doing sth. +状语，
表示“某地或某时有······在做某事”，
如：There is a large screen playing a video of the teacher.
有一个大屏幕在播放这位老师的视频。

拓展：
Thene be结构中的“就近一致”原则：
“There be+主语A+and+主语B”中，并列结构做主语时，be动词须遵循“就近一致”原则，即与离它最近的主语A保持一致，
如：There are big desks and a library.
那里有很多桌子和一间图书室。

三． 主谓一致
定义：英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语的具体形式，这被称作主谓一致。
1.并列成分做主语的主谓一致
原则
主语类别
用法
就远一致
（together/along) with
as well as
A+ besides/but/except ＋B
including/without
rather than
like
向前看：
谓语须与前面的主语A的单复数保持一致

就近一致

A or
either A or
not A but ＋B
neither A nor
not only A but also
向后看：
谓语须与后面的主语B的单复数保持一致

意义一致

冠词＋A and+冠词 ＋B
both A and
表示不同事物：谓语用复数

冠词＋A and+B
表示同一事物：谓语用单数

2.特殊名词做主语的主谓一致
主语类别
用法
集体名词

强调整体时
谓语用单数
强调个体时
谓语用复数
单数形式表复数意义的名词
people/police/Chinese/Japanese/. . .
谓语用复数

复数形式表复数意义的名词
trousers/shoes/glasses/twins/. . .

谓语用复数

以s结尾的不可数名词
news/maths/physics/the United States/. . .
谓语用单数

the+形容词／分词

指一类人或事物时
谓语用复数
指某一抽象概念时
谓语用单数
the+姓氏复数
指“·····一家人”
谓语用复数

3. 表数量意义的词组做主语的主谓一致
主语类别
用法
含表示时间、距离、价值以及重量的名词短语
常看作整体

谓语用单数

分数／百分数＋of

＋可数名词复数
谓语用复数
＋不可数名词
谓语用单数
a pair of+可数名词复数

当pair前有冠词、表单数意义的指示代词修饰时
谓语用单数

当a pair变成 pairs时
谓语用复数
a number of+可数名词复数
表示“许多”
谓语用复数
the number of+可数名词复数
表示“ ···的数量”
谓语用单数
one of+the/形容词性物主代词／. . +可数名词复数
表示“ . . . . ·之一”
谓语用单数
＋定语从句
从句谓语用复数
more than one/many a+可数名词单数
表示“许多······,不止一个人”
谓语用单数


拓展：
当定语从句的先行词为“the only/very/right one of+可数名词复数”时，从句谓语动词须用单数形式

4.不定代词或其他做主语的主谓一致
主语类别
用法
不定代词

little/much/either/neither/each/. . . 表单数意义
谓语用单数

both/few/several/many/. . .表复数意义
谓语用复数

some/any/all/none/. . . +可数名词表复数意义
谓语用复数

some/any/all/none/. . . +不可数名词表单数意义
谓语用单数

复合不定代词
谓语用单数
动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句
单独做主语
谓语用单数
由 and连接，表不同事物

谓语用复数

定语从句的先行词

表单数意义
谓语用单数
表复数意义
谓语用复数

精练

一．完成句子
1. My mother with her friends often________（go) shopping on weekends.
2. -Did you see the headmaster in the hall this morning?
－Yes. He with some teachers________（wait) for the exchange students then.
3. There are many old people exercising in the park now. (改为否定句）
There__________many old people exercising in the park now.
4. Is there a pet dog in your home?(变复数形式）
_________there________pet dogs in your home?

二．单项选择
1. -I think you are different now.
－Of course, times have changed and ______.
A. so have I B. so I have C.neither have I D.neither I have
2. -They go to school early in the morning.
－______
A. So do Tom. B. So Tom do. C. So does Tom. D. So Tom does.
3. If you go to the theater this evening, so ______I.
A.will B.should C.do D.am
4. -Taian is a really comfortable city to live in.
－________, and it's world-famous for Mount Tai.
A. So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it
5. -Jack went to see the man who was in hospital yesterday.
－＿______.
A. So did he B. So he did C. He did so D. Did so he

6. -What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word!
－＿_____. He's from India, so I guess it is Hindi.
A. Neither I can B. Neither can I C. So I can D. So can I
7. -I've never been to Disneyland,Judy.
－_______
A.So have I. B. Neither am I. C. Neither have I.
8. -Where is Mr. Wang?
－He together with his students _______Zhuyuwan Park.
A. has gone to B.have gone to C. has been to D.have been to
9. Mary＿_____is my friend, as well as her sisters, ______Chinese in China.
A. that; are studying B. which; have studied
C.who;study D.who; studies
10._______is going to see the film Titanic again because this year marks the 100 years since the Titanic sank in the ocean.
A. Not only Lily but also her parents
B. Lily,with her parents
C. Both Ben and Diana
D. Neither Ben nor Diana
11. Neither Tony nor I_______interested in playing Weibo.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
12. -Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou?
－Of course. Not only I but also my parents_______his fans.
A.am B.are C.was D.were
13. Both Lily and Lucy______to the party yesterday, but they didn't come at all.
A.were invited B.was invited C.invited
14. -Maths______my favorite subject, what about you?
－Physics_______. I think it's very interesting.
A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is
15. -Hi, I didn't see you at the party in the company yesterday evening.
－Oh,all my family_____my son's birthday at home.
A.celebrated B.have celebrated C.was celebrating D.were celebrating
16. Fifty yuan________enough.
A.is B.am C.are
17. How time flies! We'll graduate. Three years______really a short time.
A.was B.are C.is
18. -Mum,_____of my classmates_____glasses.
－Oh, my god. You need to protect your eyes well.
A. three-fourths;wears B.three-fourth;wear
C.three-fourth;wears D.three-fourths;wear
19. -How many girls are there in your class?
--______them______over twenty.
A. A number of; are B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. The number of; is
20. -What＿______the number of the students in your school?
－About two thousand. A number of them______from the countryside.
A.is;are B. is;is C.are;is D.are;are
21. There_____＿a number of books in the library and the number of them_____increasing.
A.has;is B.have;are C.are;is D.is;are
22. We all know that one of the world's most popular sports _______football.
A.am B.is C.are
23. -What would you like,coffee or tea?
－Either_______OK. I don't mind.
A. is B.are C.was
24. Doing eye exercises______one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.
A.is B.are C.were
25. I prefer movies_____＿me something to think about.
A.which gives B.that gives C.that give D.who give
26. Don't worry. There______enough water,vegetables and fruits in the fridge.
A.have B.are C.is
27. There______more and more foreigners learning Chinese now.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
28. -Is there any out door leaming in your sehool?
--______.We learm outdoors once or twice every month.
A. Yes,there is. B. No,there isn't. C. Yes,it is. D. No,it isn't.
29. There_______a basketball game between these two grades in the gym this afternoon.
A.will B. is going to have C.is going to be D.will have
30. -＿______ there anything new in today's Qianzhong Morning Daily?
－No. But there_____＿some inspiring stories worth reading.
A. Is;is B. Are; are C. Is;are D. Are; is
31.There______great changes in such kind of PDA(掌上电脑）in the last few years.
A.has been B.have been C.has had D.have had
32. There______a teacher and many students_____games in the classroom.
A.are; play B.is; playing C.have; to play
33. Our town has changed a lot,________.
A. so his has B.so has his C.so is hers D. so has he
34. I can't play the piano, and________.
A. neither can my sister B.my sister can't too
C. so can't my sister D. can my sister, either
35. -Look! A woman with three children_____crossing the street.
－Let's help them.
A. is B.are C.was
36. -What would you like to have for supper?
－Either noodles or rice______OK. I don't mind.
A.are B.were C.is D.was
37. Andy,you'd better not eat meat only, You should know milk and fruit______ good for you.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
38. -How many people are there in your group?
－Four. Three boys________in our group this time.
A. is B.are C.were D.was
39. It's said that____of the water around the world____polluted.
A.two thirds;are B.two thirds;is C.two third;are D.two thirds;have
40. The number of the volunteers in our city________2, 000. And sixty percent of them______teachers and students.
A.is; is B.is;are C.are;is D.are;are
41. -Do you need more time to complete the task?
－Yes. Another ten days_______enough.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
42. Not only you but also everyone here_______watching football matches.
A.likes B.like C.is like
43. Look! This is our class photo. There_________45 students in my class.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
44. There______some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A.are B.is C.have
45. There_____be a fashion show in our town tomorrow.
A.are going to B.will have C.has D.is going to
46. Look! There_____a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
47. -My aunt said she called you yesterday morning, but there was no answer.
－Oh, we were at home. Maybe my husband with my daughter and me______my car in the garden.
A.were washing B.had washed C.was washing D.washed
48. Hou Yi Shoots the Suns______one of the most traditional stories in China.
A.was B.is C.are
49. For kids of this age, two hours of sitting in a classroom________too long.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
50. We each______WeChat nowadays,even the old people.
A.play B.plays C.playing




参考答案：
一．1.goes 2.was waiting 3.are not 4.Are;any

二．1-5ACAAB 6-10BCADB 11-15ABAAD 16-20ACDDA 21-25CBAAC 26-30CBACC 31-35BBBAA 36-40CBBBB 41-45AADBD 46-50ACBAA